全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程1

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

阅读素材 | 如何撰写学术论文（下）

【导读】如何撰写研究论文，一直困扰着很多写作者。本文中，受访者分享了他们撰写研究手稿的方法以及克服常见障碍的策略。How to write a research paperBY ELISABETH PAIN刘立军 选编（接上篇）In the discussion, I try to explain how the data supports my assertions and how strongly. I feel it is the most difficult section since there is always a risk of under-explaining your data. Giving some thought to how to give a twist to the title or make it unique is important so the paper can be more easily found and remembered in the tide of research manuscripts. For the acknowledgments, I usually keep a spreadsheet with all the individuals and organizations that have supported the research. Finally, I consult with my supervisors or institute's legal office to fill in the declarations about funding, potential conflicts of interest, and compliance with ethical standards and reporting guidelines. The choice of journal may affect the length of the manuscript and order of the sections.- Roshan Paladugu, postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology【练习与解析】8. What is the most difficult section for the author to write?A. Introduction.B. Results.C. Discussion.D. Acknowledgments.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the author feels that the most difficult section to write is the discussion section. The reason for this is that there is always a risk of under-explaining your data, and the author tries to explain how the data supports their assertions and how strongly.As the main author, at what point is it most crucial to get your supervisor and co-authors involved in the manuscript preparation?My supervisor is involved throughout the writing process. We first make an outline of the manuscript together, as it allows us to have a better sense of what data and experiments are missing for the story and what we have left to do. Once we have this, we contact the co-authors and discuss our plan. Then we ask them to send us the finalized raw data, figures, and methods for the segments they have contributed to, and information about conflicts of interest and funding. We continue to seek their input until everyone is satisfied with the final manuscript. My supervisor and I usually select the target journal based on the novelty and direction of the story being told.- Ho【练习与解析】9. How does the author involve their supervisor in the writing process?A. The supervisor provides raw data and figures for the manuscript.B. The supervisor selects the target journal for publication.C. The supervisor and author make an outline of the manuscript together.D. The supervisor is responsible for contacting co-authors for input.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the author involves their supervisor in the writing process by making an outline of the manuscript together. This allows them to have a better sense of what data and experiments are missing for the story and what they have left to do.My Ph.D. mentor and I found a writing dance that worked for us. After chunks of time writing on my own, we would have 1 to 2 continuous hours of one-to-one meetings to make edits. They would explain the reasons for specific changes, which greatly helped me improve my writing skills and find my own voice. Once, in a frantic race toward submission, a conference call was held with three co-first authors (including me) and three co-senior authors present and each modifying different sections simultaneously online. This was highly effective - the manuscript was ready to submit in about a month.- Diehl【练习与解析】10. How did the author and his Ph.D. mentor approach the writing process?A. They continuously wrote together for long periods of time.B. They held conference calls with multiple co-authors to make edits.C. They had regular meetings to edit the manuscript and improve writing skills.D. They worked on different sections of the manuscript separately using Google Docs.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the author and his Ph.D. mentor held regular meeting to edit the manuscripts. During the meetings, the mentor would explain the reasons for specific changes, which greatly helped the author improve their writing skills and find their own voice.I usually meet my co-authors after data interpretation with an outline for a manuscript. All the collaborators are asked for their input on the manuscript structure and about suitable journals. Once the manuscript is complete and gets reviewed by all co-authors at least three times - with one month’s deadline - I consider it ready to be pushed off to the journal.- Paladugu【练习与解析】11. When does the author typically ask for input from co-authors on the manuscript?A. After data interpretation with an outline for a manuscript.B. During the data collection phase.C. Once the manuscript has been submitted to a journal.D. After the manuscript has been reviewed by the editor.【答案】A【解析】According to the text, the author usually meets their co-authors after data interpretation with an outline for a manuscript. All collaborators are then asked for their input on the manuscript structure and suitable journals at this stage.What writing challenges have you experienced, and what ways did you find around them? Are there some potential mistakes that you would like to warn early-career researchers against? Any further advice?In the beginning, I can easily get tangled up in too much thinking and too little writing. I try to dive in with an idea and remind myself that at this stage it is more important to just get into the flow of writing, knowing that I can always rewrite and rearrange later. Whenever I get stuck, I will either read a bit of the literature or prepare figures for an hour. Beyond easing me into the academic style, these activities can provide new starting points for writing.- Gebauer【练习与解析】12. What does the author do when he gets stuck in the writing process?A. Read a bit of the literature or prepare figures.B. Stop writing and take a break.C. Rewrite and rearrange what has already been written.D. Continue to think until a new idea emerges.【答案】A【解析】According to the text, whenever the author gets stuck in the writing process, he either read a bit of the literature or prepare figures for an hour.I find that taking a break or getting up to walk usually helps when I hit writer’s block. Sometimes, it can be several days before I start writing again. I use this in-between time to polish figures, collate my data sets, or complete additional control experiments.- Ho【练习与解析】13. What does the author do when she hits writer’s block?A. Continue to write until the block is overcome.B. Take a break or get up to walk.C. Delete what has already been written and start over.D. Seek input from co-authors.【答案】B【解析】According to the text, when the author hits writer’s block, she finds that taking a break or getting up to walk usually helps.Do not limit the circle of people who provide comments on your manuscript to direct collaborators. Feedback from a colleague in a different discipline can help you identify issues you might otherwise overlook. Having an English native-speaker pal who can proofread your drafts and give comments can also be very helpful. Read other articles not only for their content but also to understand how they are structured. Also, make sure to check out the journal’s publishing guidelines and know the ethical standards in your field. But most importantly, be sure of what you are writing!- Parker【练习与解析】14. What is a potential benefit of receiving feedback on a manuscript from someone in a different discipline?A. They can help to identify issues that might otherwise be overlooked.B. They can proofread the manuscript for grammatical errors.C. They can provide additional data for inclusion in the manuscript.D. They can help to identify suitable journals for submission.【答案】A【解析】According to the text, a potential benefit of receiving feedback on a manuscript from someone in a different discipline is that they can help to identify issues that might otherwise be overlooked.Adapted from https://www.science.org/content/article/how-write-research-paper【词汇】1. protocol n. a plan for performing a scientific experiment or medical treatment 方案2. converge v. to move towards each other and meet at a point （向某一点）相交，会合。例如：There was a signpost where the two paths converged. 两条小路的相交处有一路标。3. pertinent adj. appropriate to a particular situation 有关的；恰当的；相宜的。例如：a pertinent question / fact有关的问题 / 事实4. daunting adj. to make somebody feel nervous and less confident about doing something使人气馁的（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

阅读素材 | 如何撰写学术论文（上）

【导读】如何撰写研究论文，一直困扰着很多写作者。本文中，受访者分享了他们撰写研究手稿的方法以及克服常见障碍的策略。How to write a research paperBY ELISABETH PAIN刘立军选编Condensing months or years of research into a few pages can be a mighty exercise even for experienced writers. Authors need to find the sweet spot between convincingly addressing their scientific questions and presenting their results in such detail the key message is lost. They must describe their methods succinctly and clearly so their experiments can be reproduced, and discuss the broader implications of their research without overselling their work.The feeling of being exposed that comes with publishing can also get in the way of writing, says Daniela Anahí Parker Yáñez, a fourth-year materials science Ph.D. student at Linköping University in Sweden. “It is definitely frightening to state something incorrect.” Especially if you are a newcomer, “one always feels like there is something one doesn’t know, or that your words are not the best.” For non-native English speakers like Parker, there is also an additional language barrier that requires being “proactive and willing to become better,” she adds. “But at the same time, keep in mind that publishing results is very helpful for others.”Science Careers asked early-career scientists in a range of disciplines to share their approaches for writing a researchmanuscriptand strategies for overcoming commonstumblingblocks. The answers have been edited for clarity and brevity.【练习与解析】1. What is not mentioned as a challenge in condensing research into a few pages?A. Finding the right balance between addressing scientific questions and presenting results.B. Describing methods clearly and succinctly for reproducibility.C. Not overselling the implications of the research.D. Being a non-native English speaker.【答案】D【解析】The article did mention that being a non-native English speaker can pose an additional challenge, but it is not specifically mentioned as a challenge in condensing research into a few pages. The other options are all mentioned as common challenges.How do you know when it’s time to start working on a paper? What is your overall writing process?Ideally, by the time I start writing a paper I have a strong foundation for why I decided to research this topic, therobustresults from different experiments that support my idea, and a good overview of how my research advances scientific knowledge. To be more certain that I have a consistent story to tell, I also like to put my findings to the test by trying to invalidate them experimentally or see if there is anything important missing. Then, writing the paper and getting it ready for submission may take me 3 to 6 months. I like separating the writing into three phases. The results and the methods go first, as this is the phase where I write what was done and how, and what the outcomes were. In a second phase, I tackle the introduction and refine the results section with input from my supervisor and collaborators on how we want to develop the story, which references should be included, and what the takeaway message is. In the last phase I write the abstractand work on providing a coherent ending in the conclusion.- Parker【练习与解析】2. What is the first thing the author likes to separate when writing a paper?A. Introduction and background information.B. Results and methods.C. Abstract and conclusion.D. Feedback from supervisor and collaborators.【答案】B【解析】According to the text, the author likes to separate the writing into three phases. The first phase is dedicated to writing down the results and the methods used to achieve them. This is where the author explains what was done and what the outcomes were.I first collate all the figures and data - both positive and negative - that I think are likely to be relevant to the story. I’m more a visual person, so the next step is to generate a coherent storyboard of my figures to get a big-picture view of the project. This process helps me formulate an outline of the manuscript that I can use as a guide during the writing. Once I start writing the draft - and consequently also spend time looking more closely at the data - I constantly go back and forth to the literature to make sure I’m not missing anything about my topic and that I’m citing the right studies. Sometimes during this process, the story narrative can change a little, and that’s OK! I just go with the flow and see where the data takes me.- Jessica S. Ho, postdoctoral researcher in microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai【练习与解析】3. What does the author do after collating relevant figures and data for a research project?A. Generate a coherent storyboard to get a big-picture view.B. Write the entire draft in one sitting.C. Focus on positive data only and discard negative data.D. Ignore the literature to avoid getting sidetracked.【答案】A【解析】According to the text, after collecting all relevant figures and data, the author generates a coherent storyboard to get a big-picture view of the project. This helps the author formulate an outline of the manuscript that they can use as a guide during the writing process.I feel ready to turn my research into a paper when I have a set of results forming a clear storyline. I start the writing process with an outline that serves more as a wish list for how I want the flow of the paper to go, bearing in mind the overall goal, specific aims, and main takeaways of the manuscript. I usually put all the results I have into the outline in one long, running results section with a summary of what they add to the storyline. Then the methods section is typically the first I write, as I find it relatively straightforward. During my research, I try to keep my code for data analysis organized and documented in such a way that writing the methods and results is effectively translating my scripts from nil into a storyline. I often write the results section at the same time as the methods to try and mirror the flow. In the results, I also include some text describing the figures I want to generate or preliminary, hand-drawn figures. Before writing the introduction and discussion, I take a day or two to really dive into the literature and refresh my vision of where my work fits in the current state of the science. The final aesthetically pleasing and well-formatted figures and tables are usually one of the last things I develop. I always save the abstract for the end. Assuming all analysis is complete before I start writing, preparing a paper usually takes me 2 to 3 months from blank page to submission.- Marissa Kosnik, group leader in environmental toxicology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology【练习与解析】4. What is the first section the author typically writes when starting the writing process?A. Introduction.B. Literature.C. Methods.D. Results.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the methods section is typically the first section the author writes when starting the writing process, as she finds it relatively straightforward. During her research, she tries to keep her code for data analysis organized and documented in such a way that writing the methods and results is effectively translating their scripts from nil into a storyline. She also often writes the results section at the same time as the methods to try and mirror the flow.I start to think about the publication when I am still carrying out the research because, depending on the audience we plan to reach, the datasets that we use to develop our model and the experimental evaluation that we present can vastly differ. The target journal is chosen long before the writing process begins, and putting the paper together usually takes me 3 to 6 weeks. But sometimes, we realize during the writing that we need to do a few further experiments to make a strong point, which can prolong the process.- Niklas Gebauer, Ph.D. student in machine learning at the Berlin Institute of Technology【练习与解析】5. What can prolong the process of putting a paper together?A. Choosing the target journal before starting the writing process.B. Considering the audience during the research.C. Developing a model with specific datasets.D. Realizing further experiments are needed during the writing.【答案】D【解析】According to the text, the author notes that sometimes during the writing process, he realizes that he needs to do a few further experiments to make a strong point, which can prolong the process.In my theoretical field, I begin by deciding how to split the content into sections. I usually think about accompanying tables and figures to illustrate my theoretical results and prepare them before even starting the draft. I very often go back to the literature and evaluate how my work fits into the broader research context to develop the scientific story. Then I work on the more technical core of the paper and only later write the introduction, broader perspectives, and conclusions. For me, the hardest section is the introduction, where the main theoretical questions need to be made clear while avoiding jargon and technicalities as much as possible. I usually list the relevant references for the scientific context and the key results of the work, and then build around this. The abstract is the very last thing I do.- Valentina Ros, researcher in statistical physics at Paris-Saclay University in France【练习与解析】6. What is the hardest section for the author when writing a paper in her theoretical field?A. Tables and figures.B. Technical core.C. Introduction.D. Broader perspectives and conclusions.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the author finds the introduction the hardest section when writing a paper in her theoretical field. The reason for this is that the introduction has to make the main theoretical questions clear while avoiding jargon and technicalities as much as possible.Any further specifics about what should go into each part of the manuscript, or how it should be presented?In the results section, in addition to describing the data I give a brief explanation of the rationale, hypothesis, and set up for each experiment to help the reader follow the logic of my work. The target journal does sometimes influence the writing and preparation of the manuscript, mostly in terms of the figures or dataset requirements, word counts, and reference formats.- Ho【练习与解析】7. What information does the author provide in the results section?A. A summary of the literature review.B. An explanation of the future implications of the work.C. The rationale, hypothesis, and setup for each experiment.D. A discussion of the limitations of the study.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, in the results section, in addition to describing the data, the author provides a brief explanation of the rationale, hypothesis, and set up for each experiment to help the reader follow the logic of their work.In the discussion, I try to explain how the data supports my assertions and how strongly. I feel it is the most difficult section since there is always a risk of under-explaining your data. Giving some thought to how to give a twist to the title or make it unique is important so the paper can be more easily found and remembered in the tide of research manuscripts. For the acknowledgments, I usually keep a spreadsheet with all the individuals and organizations that have supported the research. Finally, I consult with my supervisors or institute's legal office to fill in the declarations about funding, potential conflicts of interest, and compliance with ethical standards and reporting guidelines. The choice of journal may affect the length of the manuscript and order of the sections.- Roshan Paladugu, postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyAdapted fromhttps://www.science.org/content/article/how-write-research-paper【词汇】1.manuscriptn. a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed手稿；原稿。例如：an unpublished / original manuscript未经发表的/原始的手稿2.stumbling blockssomething that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim绊脚石3.robustadj. strong and full of determination; showing that you are sure about what you are doing or saying坚定的；信心十足的（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

阅读素材 | 我们真的应该每天努力走一万步或者喝两升水吗？

【导读】我们真的需要每天努力走上一万步或者喝足两升水吗？本文介绍了一些广为接受的关于饮食和健康的观念以及目前科学的研究发现，了解了这些，您就可以开始做出明智的健康决策了。Should we really be aiming to walk 10,000 steps a day, or drink two litres of water?我们真的应该每天努力走一万步或者喝两升水吗？By Joel Snape刘立军 选编Here are some widely held dietary and health-based beliefs and what science says now - so you can start making informed health decisions this year.1. ‘Lifting weights will give you big muscles’This obviously isn’t true. To understand the scietnce, though, you have to realise that there are two main ways to get strong: increasing the size of individual muscle fibres or coaxing more of them into firing at the same time.Bodybuilders aim to do the first, by doing many repetitions in each set of exercises, lifting until their muscles fail. Athletes, who generally have smaller shoulders than bodybuilders, aim to do the second, by lifting heavier weights for fewer reps, and avoiding muscular failure.2. ‘Breakfast is the most important meal of the day’This is a tricky one. Although there is nothing about the first meal of the day that makes it especially magical, the timing of meals is increasingly recognised as an important factor in weight loss. One study found that those who ate a large breakfast saw greater weight loss than another group who had a low-calorie breakfast and larger dinner.“This might be because skipping breakfast leads to increased hunger levels later in the day, resulting in people overeating,” says Brady Holmer, a researcher in nutrition.3. ‘You should walk 10,000 steps a day’This number wasn’t based on any science when it was first used in the 1960s, but it might be good advice. A study released in 2022 found that walking may reduce the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Another study found similar results for dementia, with as little as 3,800 steps a day proving effective. But it’s also worth stepping up the pace, as the dementia study saw a power-walker’s pace showing benefits above and beyond the number of steps walked.4. ‘You need eight hours of sleep’It’s easy to think of sleep as an individual thing: some people need eight hours, while others can get by on seven. But in one of the largest ever sleep studies, launched in 2017, participants who reported sleeping seven to eight hours performed better cognitively than those who slept more or less than that, regardless of age. Those who slept four hours or less performed as if they were almost nine years older.5. ‘You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day’“Many studies have found that roughly this number is associated with improved health, but there is also evidence that up to 10 servings per day of these foods can be beneficial,” says Holmer. In general, those who consume more fruits and vegetables have lower risks for cognitive decline and dementia, and diabetes, and may even experience decreased levels of stress.6. ‘You need to drink two litres of water a day’Staying hydrated is important, but the recommendation to drink two litres of water a day, while reasonable advice, is not based on hard science. In 1974, a book by leading US nutritionist Dr. Frederick J. Stare stated: “How much water each day? For the average adult, somewhere around six to eight glasses, and this can be in the form of coffee, tea, milk, soft drinks, beer, etc. Fruits and vegetables are also good sources of water.” The bit about getting your hydration from lattes, celery or Fanta often gets lost – which is a shame because it’s still valid.7. ‘A daily glass of wine is better than abstinence’This one is a classic of the “correlation is not causation” genre. The old recommendation to have a glass each night is based on observational evidence that people who classify themselves as “moderate drinkers” (roughly 1-2 units a day) seem to have a lower risk for some diseases. However, recent research suggests that regular, small-scale drinking is far from ideal: one study found that even one or two drinks a day might decrease the chance of healthy ageing and reduce the size of your brain.That said, there are well-known health benefits that come from a lively social life – so if you are drinking the occasional wine with friends, it might be doing you more good than harm.8. ‘Abdominal exercises will give you a six-pack’“It makes a sort of sense that if you want to build your abs, you would do typical abdominal exercises like sit-ups,” says Emma Storey-Gordon, a personal trainer and sports scientist. “But the truth is that whether you have visible abs or not has far more to do with your body fat levels and where you are predisposed to store fat than the number of sit-ups you do.” Many resources will tell you that you need to be around the 10-15 per cent body fat range to start seeing the outline of your abs if you’re male, or 15-20 per cent if you’re female. In reality, it’s a bit more complicated. “A lot of women need to go below a healthy body fat range for abs; those with longer torsos, who don’t store fat around their midsection, may not.”9. ‘Dieting will slow your metabolism’It’s a common belief that eating a very low-calorie diet, or even fasting, will trigger “starvation mode”, where the body slows metabolism as a way to keep you from losing any more weight. “While there’s no such thing as ‘starvation mode’, there may be small changes to someone’s metabolic rate when they lose weight or go on a diet,” says Holmer. “It’s called adaptive thermogenesis - a process during which the body reduces its production of heat in order to conserve energy.” This might explain why some people have a hard time keeping weight off, or even regain weight after dieting. To lessen the chances of your metabolism slowing down due to dieting or weight loss, you should avoid rapid weight loss: gradual is better.10. ‘Red meat is bad for you’Red meat was often advised against because it contains a lot of saturated fat - but it’s not as simple as that. Several studies have shown an association between a higher intake of red meat and an increased risk of prostate cancer and heart disease, but it is now widely believed that the associations between red meat and disease risk might be proved wrong, because many studies don’t distinguish between processed (bacon, sausages, burgers, etc.) and unprocessed red meat intake.“Several recent studies have found that eating unprocessed red meat may not actually increase the risk for heart disease or cancer,” says Holmer. “And major health organisations have recommended that people can continue to eat unprocessed red meat.”Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/jan/04/truth-behind-10-of-the-biggest-health-beliefs【词汇】1. coax vt. to persuade sb to do sth by talking to them in a kind and gentle way 哄劝；劝诱 例如：It took almost an hour to coax the cat down from the tree. 花了近一个小时才把那只猫从树上哄下来。2. premature adj. happening before the normal or expected time 未成熟的；过早的；提前的 例如：his premature death at the age of 37他37岁时早逝3. cognitive adj. connected with mental processes of understanding 认知的；感知的；认识的 例如：a child's cognitive development儿童的认知开发4. correlation n. a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does 相互关系；关联 例如：the correlation of social power with wealth社会权力与财富的相关性5. genre n. (formal) a particular type or style of literature, art, film or music that you can recognize because of its special features （文学、艺术、电影或音乐的）体裁，类型6. metabolism n. (biology 生) the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth 新陈代谢 例如：The body's metabolism is slowed down by extreme cold. 严寒可以使身体新陈代谢的速度下降。7. saturated fat （来自肉类和乳类的）饱和脂肪【练习与参考答案】Choose the best answer.1. What is the difference between the way bodybuilders and athletes lift weights?A. Bodybuilders lift heavier weights for fewer reps.B. Athletes lift until their muscles fail.C. Bodybuilders aim to increase the size of individual muscle fibers.D. Athletes focus on increasing the number of muscle fibers that fire at the same time.【答案】D【解析】Athletes focus on increasing the number of muscle fibers that fire at the same time, while bodybuilders aim to increase the size of individual muscle fibers.2. What is the author’s view on the statement “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day”?A. The author believes it is true.B. The author believes it is false.C. The author is undecided.D. The author does not address it.【答案】B【解析】The passage explains that although breakfast is often touted as the most important meal of the day, the timing of meals is increasingly recognized as an important factor in weight loss. The study cited in the passage suggests that eating a larger breakfast can lead to greater weight loss, but this does not necessarily mean that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. The author’s view is that the statement is false.3. According to the passage, why is it recommended to walk 10,000 steps a day?A. It is based on scientific research.B. It reduces the risk of premature death.C. It prevents cardiovascular disease and cancer.D. It prevents dementia with a power-walker’s pace.【答案】B【解析】While the number of 10,000 steps per day was not based on scientific research, a study released in 2022 found that walking can reduce the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to walk 10,000 steps a day to reduce this risk.4. What is the main finding of the sleep study according to the passage?A. Sleeping for eight hours is essential for good health.B. Different people require different amounts of sleep.C. Sleeping for seven to eight hours a day is the best for cognitive performance.D. Sleeping less than four hours a day is equivalent to aging by nine years.【答案】C【解析】The passage states that in one of the largest ever sleep studies, participants who reported sleeping seven to eight hours performed better cognitively than those who slept more or less than that, regardless of age. Therefore, option C. is the correct answer. Option A. and B. are not supported by the passage, while option D. is true, but not the main finding of the study mentioned in the passage.5. According to the text, how many portions of fruit and vegetable should one aim to eat per day?A. Five.B. Ten.C. Twenty.D. It varies from person to person.【答案】A【解析】The text states that “You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day” and goes on to say that “Many studies have found that roughly this number is associated with improved health.” While there is evidence that up to 10 servings per day can be beneficial, the text does not suggest that one should aim for this higher number. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Five.6. According to the article, the recommendation to drink two litres of water a day ___________.A. is based on hard scienceB. is unreasonable adviceC. was first made in 1974 by Dr. Frederick J. StareD. is the only way to stay hydrated【答案】C【解析】The article states that the recommendation to drink two litres of water a day is not based on hard science, and that Dr. Frederick J. Stare first made the recommendation of “somewhere around six to eight glasses” in 1974. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.7. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea that a daily glass of wine is better than abstinence?A. The author believes that a daily glass of wine is better for health than abstinence.B. The author believes that there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that a daily glass of wine is better than abstinence.C. The author believes that a daily glass of wine is acceptable as long as it is consumed in moderation.D. The author believes that the health benefits of a daily glass of wine are outweighed by the risks.【答案】B【解析】The passage states that the idea that a daily glass of wine is better than abstinence is a “classic of the ‘correlation is not causation’ genre” and that recent research suggests that even one or two drinks a day might decrease the chance of healthy aging and reduce brain size. Therefore, the author’s attitude towards this idea is that there is no scientific evidence to support it.8. What does Emma Storey-Gordon say about building visible abs?A. It is only possible through typical abdominal exercises.B. It depends on the number of sit-ups you do.C. It is more related to body fat levels and predisposition to store fat.D. It is easier for women with longer torsos.【答案】C【解析】Emma Storey-Gordon, a personal trainer and sports scientist, says that whether you have visible abs or not has far more to do with your body fat levels and where you are predisposed to store fat than the number of sit-ups you do. Therefore, the correct answer is C.9. What is “adaptive thermogenesis” according to the passage?A. A process where the body increases heat production to burn more calories.B. A process where the body slows down metabolism to conserve energy.C. A process where the body burns fat instead of glucose for energy.D. A process where the body increases appetite to compensate for weight loss.【答案】B【解析】The passage explains that “adaptive thermogenesis” is a process where the body reduces its production of heat in order to conserve energy, resulting in small changes to someone’s metabolic rate when they lose weight or go on a diet.10. What is the common belief about red meat?A. It contains too much protein.B. It is hard to digest.C. It is high in calories.D. It is unhealthy due to high saturated fat.【答案】D【解析】The passage mentions that red meat was often advised against because it contains a lot of saturated fat. The belief is that it increases the risk of prostate cancer and heart disease. However, recent studies have shown that eating unprocessed red meat may not actually increase the risk for these diseases.（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 坏习惯为何难改

坏习惯为何难改Why Is It So Hard to Break a Bad Habit?刘立军供稿TRANSCRIPTBillions of people deal with a nail-biting habit at some point in their lives. Many will go to great lengths to try to stop, employing strategies like rubbing chili peppers on their cuticles, wearing gloves all day, dipping their hands in salt, and envisioning bacteria crawling on their fingers. And while not all of us are nail-biters, most of us do have a habit we’d like to kick. So what’s the best way to break one?Scientists define habits as behaviors that are performed regularly, and cued subconsciously in response to certain environments, whether it be a location, time of day, or even an emotional state. They can include simple actions like picking your hair when stressed, but also more complex practices ingrained in daily routines, like staying up late orbrewingyour coffee in the morning. If you do something frequently, without much deliberation, then it’s likely a habit.They form because at some point your brain learns that the behavior is beneficial. Let’s say after opening a stressful email, you bite your nails. This is rewarding, as it’s enough to focus your attention, curbing your email-fueled anxiety. Within your brain, positive experiences can trigger the release of dopamine（多巴胺）, a neurotransmitter thatmediates feelings of pleasure. Dopamine is also a driver of neuroplasticity, meaning it can change how your neurons wire and fire. Your brain builds connections that link the reward with the behavior, driving you to repeat it. It also starts associating the behavior with other cues, like your environment. Eventually, all it takes is the context of sitting at your desk to subconsciously trigger a nail-biting habit―no stressful email or sense of relief required.Once established, these cue-behavior-rewardloops work fast, outpacing the decision-making process. You may find yourself engaging in a habit before you have the chance to notice and stop. But this can be a good thing because not all habits are bad. They’re stored memories of what’s worked in the past, which allow you to take swift action in the present. One study estimated that, on average, people spend more than 40% of their days performing regularly repeated behaviors while their minds are occupied with other thoughts. A seemingly automated morning routine, for example, saves you both time and precious mental energy.Still, many people have habits that no longer serve them. Yet research shows that intentions alone often fail to lead to long-term behavior change. This isn’t to say you can’t break a habit. Rather, by understanding the basis of habits, you can create better plans for changing them. For example, we know habits are often cued by environments and routines. Lying in bed may cause you to endlessly scroll through your phone, or watching TV on the couch may lead you to grab a sugary snack. One of the most effective ways to manage behavior is to identify these locations or times of day. Then try to modify them by changing your routine or creating obstacles that make it more difficult to perform the habit in that space.Moving, switching jobs, or even starting a new schedule, are particularly great times to break a habit or build a new one. One 2005 study tracked university students’ exercising, reading, and TV watching habits before and after they transferred schools. When students were no longer around old environments and routines, their habits, even the strong ones, significantly changed.For behaviors like nail-biting or hair-pulling, a practice called habit reversal training can be helpful. Developed by psychologists in the 1970s, the aim is to change a habit by replacing it with another one that’s lessdetrimental. The training requires you to analyze and understand your habit cues, so you can effectivelyinterveneat the right times. For example, if you tend to bite your nails at work, preemptively keep a fidget toy at your desk. Then, if a stressful email comes in, use the toy when you feel the urge to bite your nails.Breaking a habit takes time, so remember to give yourself grace and have patience through the process. And while many focus on their bad habits, it’s also worth celebrating the good ones that help us move swiftly and successfully through our daily routines.VOCABULARY1.brewingn.酿造，冲泡2.mediatev. 调节，影响3.loopn.循环，回路4.detrimentaladj.有害的，不利的5.intervenev.干预，介入QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. What do scientists define habits as?A. Actions performed repeatedly consciously.B. Behaviors that are cued subconsciously in response to certain emotional states.C. Behaviors that form because your brain learns that they are detrimental.D. Actions that are done occasionally and with great deliberation.2. Why does a habit like nail-biting form according to the text?A. Because it is a way to kill time.B. Because it is associated with personal hygiene.C. Because the brain associates it with relief from anxiety.D. Because it is a universal human behavior.3. Which of the following methods can help break a habit according to the passage?A. Ignoring the habit completely.B. Changing your environment or routine or creating obstacles.C. Increasing the frequency of the habit.D. Allowing the habit to remain unimpeded.4. What happens to students' habits when they transferred schools according to the study mentioned?A.Their habits, even the strong ones, significantly changed.B.Their habits largely remain unchanged.C. Their bad habits increased.D. Their good habits disappeared.5. What is the purpose of habit reversal training?A. To increase the frequency of a detrimental habit.B. To change a habit by replacing it with another one that’s less detrimental.C. To help people ignore their bad habits.D. To reinforce the existing habit.KEY1. What do scientists define habits as?A. Actions performed repeatedly consciously.B. Behaviors that are cued subconsciously in response to certain emotional states.C. Behaviors that form because your brain learns that they are detrimental.D. Actions that are done occasionally and with great deliberation.【答案】B【解析】细节题。在文章的第二段中，“Scientists define habits as behaviors that are performed regularly, and cued subconsciously in response to certain environments...”所以答案为B。其他选项都与原文信息不符。2. Why does a habit like nail-biting form according to the text?A. Because it is a way to kill time.B. Because it is associated with personal hygiene.C. Because the brain associates it with relief from anxiety.D. Because it is a universal human behavior.【答案】C【解析】推理题。在第三段中，文章提到“Let’s say after opening a stressful email, you bite your nails. This is rewarding, as it’s enough to focus your attention, curbing your email-fueled anxiety."所以我们可以推断，习惯（如咬指甲）形成是因为大脑将其与减轻焦虑的感觉相联系。3. Which of the following methods can help break a habit according to the passage?A. Ignoring the habit completely.B. Changing your environment or routine or creating obstacles.C. Increasing the frequency of the habit.D. Allowing the habit to remain unimpeded.【答案】B【解析】细节题。在文章的第六段中，"One of the most effective ways to manage behavior is to identify these locations or times of day. Then try to modify them by changing your routine or creating obstacles that make it more difficult to perform the habit in that space."因此答案是B。4. What happens to students' habits when they transferred schools according to the study mentioned?A.Their habits, even the strong ones, significantly changed.B. Their habits largely remain unchanged.C. Their bad habits increased.D. Their good habits disappeared.【答案】A【解析】细节题。在文章的第七段中，"When students were no longer around old environments and routines, their habits, even the strong ones, significantly changed."，所以答案是A。5. What is the purpose of habit reversal training?A. To increase the frequency of a detrimental habit.B. To change a habit by replacing it with another one that’s less detrimental.C. To help people ignore their bad habits.D. To reinforce the existing habit.【答案】B【解析】细节题。在文章的第八段中，"a practice called habit reversal training can be helpful...the aim is to change a habit by replacing it with another one that’s less detrimental."所以答案是B。（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 工作中的朋友

工作中的朋友刘立军 供稿TRANSCRIPTBartleby: Friends at WorkWhy it is a bad idea for managers to attempt to engineer office friendshipsScholars of happiness have found that close relationships are one of the critical ingredients of a contented life. What is true in general is also true of the workplace, according to research by Gallup. The pollster finds that having a “best friend at work” is closely associated with all manner of good things, from greater employee engagement to higher retention and better safety records.At some level, that is unremarkable. Spending time with people you like makes most things more appealing, including work. If a job is sufficiently humdrum, camaraderie among colleagues can be the main draw. The support of friends can also encourage people to try new things. A study from 2015 by Erica Field of Duke University, and her co-authors, looked at the impact of business training given to Indian women. Women who attended the course with a friend were more likely to end up taking out loans than those who came alone.The reverse also applies. Antagonistic relationships with co-workers are always likely to make working life miserable. A study conducted by Valerie Good of Grand Valley State University found that loneliness has an adverse effect on the performance of salespeople. Among other things, they start spending more on wining and dining their customers. The only thing worse than a salesperson who sees you as a way to make money is one who wants your company.So friends matter. The problems come when managers see the words “higher employee engagement” and leap to the conclusion they should try to engineer work friendships. In a report published last year Gallup gave the example of an unnamed organisation which has a weekly companywide meeting that spotlights one employee’s best friend at work. It’s not known if, in the Q&A, others pop up to sob: “But I thought we were best friends at work.”Startups also offer services to encourage work friendships. One monitors the depth of connections between people in different teams. It identifies shared interests (gluten-free baking, say, or workplace surveillance) between employees who don’t know each other and arranges meetings between them. You thought life was bad? At least you are not making crumpets with a stranger in finance.It is a mistake for managers to wade into the business of friend-making, and not just because it royally misses the point. The defining characteristic of friendship is that it is voluntary. Employees are adults; they don’t need their managers to arrange play-dates. And the workplace throws people together, often under testing conditions: friendships will naturally follow.The bigger problem is that workplace friendships are more double-edged than their advocates allow. They can quickly become messy when power dynamics change. The transition from friend to boss, or from friend to underling, is an inherently awkward one (“This is your final warning. Fancy a pint?”).And friendships have the potential to look a lot like cronyism. A clever study by Zoe Cullen of Harvard Business School and Ricardo Perez-Truglia of University of California, Berkeley, found that employees’ social interactions with their managers could give their career prospects a boost relative to others.The researchers looked at promotions of smokers and non-smokers who worked for a large bank in South-East Asia, hypothesising that sharing smoking breaks with managers who also indulged might give workers a leg up. And so it did. Smokers who moved from a non-smoking boss to a puffer were promoted more quickly than those who moved to another non-smoker. The authors found that social interactions did not just help smokers; socialising between male managers and male employees played a large role in perpetuating gender pay gaps. If firms are going to make friendship their business, they should worry about its downsides, too.Companies should facilitate interactions between employees, particularly in a world of hybrid and remote working. Social gatherings and buddy systems are reasonable ways to encourage colleagues to meet each other and to foster a culture. But a high-quality work relationship does not require friendship. It requires respect for each other’s competence, a level of trust and a desire to reach the same goal; it doesn’t need birthday cards and a shared interest in quilt-making. Firms should do what they can to encourage these kinds of relationships. If individuals want to take it further, it’s entirely up to them.VOCABULARY1. antagonistic adj. 敌对的，对抗性的2. adverse adj. 不利的，有害的3. surveillance n. 监视，监控4. wade v. 涉水，涉足5. transition n. 过渡，转变6. indulge v. 纵容，沉溺7. puffer n. 吸烟者，抽烟器8. perpetuate v. 使持续，使长存9. hybrid adj. / n. 混合的，混血儿的；混合物，杂交品种10. foster v. / adj. 培养，促进；寄养的，养育的QUESTIONS1. According to the text, what is a critical ingredient of a contented life?A. Close relationships.B. Financial stability.C. Successful career.D. Healthy lifestyle.2. Based on the study conducted by Erica Field of Duke University, what outcome did attending a business course with a friend result in? A. Better understanding of the course material.B. Higher chances of taking out loans.C. Enhanced social skills and networking abilities.D. Improved academic performance and grades.3. According to the article, why should managers avoid trying to engineer work friendships?A. It can result in excessive workplace competition.B. It may discourage employees from forming natural friendship bonds.C. It could complicate power dynamics and potentially look like cronyism.D. It can lead to decreased productivity.4. What role do social interactions between managers and employees play according to the research cited in the article?A. They are crucial for maintaining a positive work environment.B. They can boost career prospects of employees relative to others.C. They lead to increased employee engagement and productivity.D. They have no significant impact on employees' performance.5. According to the article, what is not necessary for a high-quality work relationship?A. Trust.B. Shared interest in personal activities like quilt-making.C. Respect for each other’s competence.D. A desire to reach the same goal.KEY1. According to the text, what is a critical ingredient of a contented life?A. Close relationships.B. Financial stability.C. Successful career.D. Healthy lifestyle.【答案】A【解析】细节题。文章一开始就提到，紧密的关系是幸福人生的重要因素之一。2. Based on the study conducted by Erica Field of Duke University, what outcome did attending a business course with a friend result in?A. Better understanding of the course material.B. Higher chances of taking out loans.C. Enhanced social skills and networking abilities.D. Improved academic performance and grades.【答案】B【解析】细节题。Erica Field 的研究指出，与朋友一起参加课程的女性更有可能获得贷款。3. According to the article, why should managers avoid trying to engineer work friendships?A. It can result in excessive workplace competition.B. It may discourage employees from forming natural friendship bonds.C. It could complicate power dynamics and potentially look like cronyism.D. It can lead to decreased productivity.【答案】C【解析】推理题。文章中表示，当经理试图营造工作友谊时，可能会导致权力动态复杂化并可能看起来像裙带关系。4. What role do social interactions between managers and employees play according to the research cited in the article?A. They are crucial for maintaining a positive work environment.B. They can boost career prospects of employees relative to others.C. They lead to increased employee engagement and productivity.D. They have no significant impact on employees' performance.【答案】B【解析】细节题。文章中引述的研究发现，员工与经理的社交互动可以提升他们的职业前景。5. According to the article, what is not necessary for a high-quality work relationship?A. Trust.B. Shared interest in personal activities like quilt-making.C. Respect for each other’s competence.D. A desire to reach the same goal.【答案】B【解析】推理题。文章指出，高质量的工作关系需要彼此之间的尊重、信任和达到共同目标的意愿，但并不需要在个人活动（例如制作棉被）上拥有共同兴趣。（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 减肥药物在麻醉状态下可能有并发症风险

减肥药物在麻醉状态下可能有并发症风险Weight Loss Drugs May Risk Complications under Anesthesia刘立军供稿TRANSCRIPTDoctors who practiceanesthesiologyin the United States and Canada are expressing concern about patients who take popular weight loss drugs leading up to surgery. Anesthesiologists work together with surgeons to make sure their patients are asleep, orsedated, before medical procedures. More and more people are taking the weight loss drugs Ozempic and Wegovy. Anesthesiologists say they are having trouble deciding when surgeries should take place. That is because the weight loss drugs cause people to hold food in their stomachs longer than usual. People who still have food in their stomachs when they are put to sleep before surgery risk a complication known as apulmonaryaspiration. That is the term for when someone breathes some of their stomach contents into their lungs. In extreme cases, the food particles can cause infection or even death.Most patients are told to not eat for about eight hours before surgery. However, the doctors say those guidelines may need to be changed for patients who are using the weight loss drugs. Ion Hobai is an anesthesiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. He said everyone who takes the drugs should know about "such a serious sort of potential complication." Komodo Health is a technology company that works in healthcare. According to its research, nearly 6 million prescriptions for the weight loss drugs were written in the first five months of 2023. In June, the American Society of Anesthesiologists said patients should not take daily weight loss medications on the day of surgery. It also advised that patients should not get their weekly weight loss injection for a week before anysedationprocedures. Dr. Michael Champeau is the head of the organization. He said the recommendation is based on experiences from anesthesiologists around the United States.A group of anesthesiologists, including Hobai, said they would recommend even more time off from the drugs before surgery. In the Canadian Journal ofAnesthesia, they suggested about three weeks. Dr. Philip Jones is an anesthesiologist at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota. After three weeks, he said, the drug should no longer be affecting the stomach. At that point, he said, "everything should go back to normal." Hobai said he is finishing a study of 200 patients who were using drugs such as Ozempic and Wegovy before surgery. He said his results are similar to a smaller study in Brazil that found 25 percent of patients still had food in their stomachs 10 days after stopping the drug. Because of this information, the American Society of Anesthesiologists said doctors who are unsure of their patients' stomach contents should work differently. They say doctors should work as they would if they knew the patient's stomach was full. Aspiration only happens one time out of every 2,000 to 3,000 operations that require sedation. But when it does happen, the patients develop a lung injury half the time. That is why the doctors are concerned. One of Hobai's patients who had been taking Wegovy developed a problem that required serious care. He had not eaten for 18 hours before surgery. In another case, a woman taking a small amount of Ozempic did not eat for 10 hours before surgery. She was in the middle of a procedure that had to be stopped because doctors saw food in her stomach.Dr. Elisa Lund is an anesthesiologist at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. She said many doctors have similar stories, as the weight loss drugs have become more common. "It hasexponentiallyincreased," she said. Novo Nordisk is the drug company that makes Wegovy and Ozempic. The company said there was nothing in its testing that showed the drug would lead to aspiration. However, the drug-maker did say the medications can cause the stomach to empty more slowly. Hobai said he is also concerned about patients going off their medications for too long. For example, the drugs are used to control the blood sugar level of patients with diabetes. If they stop taking them before surgery, they may face a different kind of health problem. He said patients who are using the drugs should tell their doctors about them and discuss the risks of having surgery. "If you're taking this drug and you need an operation, you will need to have some extra precautions," he said.I'm Caty Weaver. And I'm Dan Friedell.VOCABULARY1.anesthesiologyn.麻醉学2.sedatev. to give sb. drugs in order to make them calm and / or to make them sleep给……服镇静剂。例如：Most of the patients are heavily sedated.多数病人服了大剂量镇静药。3.pulmonaryadj. connected with the lungs肺的；肺部的；与肺有关的4.sedationn.the act of giving sb. drugs in order to make them calm or to make them sleep; the state that results from this药物镇静；镇静状态。例如：The victim's wife was last night being kept under sedation in the local hospital.昨晚，受害人的妻子在当地医院接受镇静治疗。5.exponentiallyadv.以指数方式QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. What potential complication can weight loss drugs lead to during surgeries?A. Cardiac arrest.B. Pulmonary aspiration.C. Kidney failure.D. Blood clotting.2. What is the current guideline for patients about eating before surgery?A. Do not eat for about eight hours before surgery.B. Eat a small meal two hours before surgery.C. Drink plenty of water up until the surgery.D. Fast for 24 hours prior to surgery.3. Who suggested that patients should stop taking the weight loss drugs about three weeks before the surgery?A. Dr. Ion Hobai.B. Dr. Michael Champeau.C. Komodo Health.D. Dr. Philip Jones.4. What percentage of patients in the Brazil study still had food in their stomachs 10 days after stopping the drug?A. 15%.B. 25%.C. 35%.D. 45%.5. Why does Dr. Ion Hobai worry about patients going off their medications for too long?A. Because it could lead to withdrawal symptoms.B. Because the drugs are also used to control the blood sugar level of patients with diabetes.C. Because it might cause an increase in appetite and consequent weight gain.D. Because it might cause a rebound effect on the patients' metabolism.KEY1. What potential complication can weight loss drugs lead to during surgeries?A. Cardiac arrest.B. Pulmonary aspiration.C. Kidney failure.D. Blood clotting.【答案】B【解析】细节题。命题出处在文章的第一段，提到了由于使用减肥药物导致食物在胃中停留的时间比正常人要长，进而在手术麻醉时可能导致肺部吸入症（pulmonary aspiration）这一潜在的并发症。2. What is the current guideline for patients about eating before surgery?A. Do not eat for about eight hours before surgery.B. Eat a small meal two hours before surgery.C. Drink plenty of water up until the surgery.D. Fast for 24 hours prior to surgery.【答案】A【解析】细节题。命题出处位于文章的第二段，医生通常建议大多数患者在手术前约八个小时内不要进食。3. Who suggested that patients should stop taking the weight loss drugs about three weeks before the surgery?A. Dr. Ion Hobai.B. Dr. Michael Champeau.C. Komodo Health.D. Dr. Philip Jones.【答案】D【解析】细节题。命题出处位于文章的中段，Dr. Philip Jones提出了患者应该在手术前约三周停止服用这些减肥药物的建议。4. What percentage of patients in the Brazil study still had food in their stomachs 10 days after stopping the drug?A. 15%.B. 25%.C. 35%.D. 45%.【答案】B【解析】细节题。命题出处位于文章的后半部分，其中一项在巴西进行的小规模研究发现，在停药10天后，仍有25%的患者胃里有食物。5. Why does Dr. Ion Hobai worry about patients going off their medications for too long?A. Because it could lead to withdrawal symptoms.B. Because the drugs are also used to control the blood sugar level of patients with diabetes.C. Because it might cause an increase in appetite and consequent weight gain.D. Because it might cause a rebound effect on the patients' metabolism.【答案】B【解析】推理题。命题出处位于文章的最后一段，Hobai医生对患者长期停药感到担忧，因为这些药物也被用来控制糖尿病患者的血糖，如果他们在手术前停药，可能会面临另一种健康问题。（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌说课

说课点评：在30分钟的准备时间里，读完、理解一篇800多词的商务英语文章，记住文章的结构和要点，设计出一套有理论指导、教学理念清晰、目标合理、结构完整、方法得当，最好再带点创新的教学方案，然后在10分钟的时间里，用英语条理清晰地把它展示出来，这对任何商务英语教师来讲都是一项重大的挑战。潘紫萌老师首先分析了课文，根据内容将其解构成三大部分。选手将第二部分（第3-8段）归纳成 promotion, price and place 和将第三部分（第9段）归纳成对计划进入中国市场的外国企业的忠告，这都是正确的。但是，她把第一部分（第1-2段）归纳成product，进而把前两部分归纳成营销学中著名的4P战略，这种做法有待商榷。因为课文的第1段主要讲两个问题：1）营销战略如何在中国成功，2）这些战略如何根据中国人的喜好以及对产品或服务的认知进行调整，而不是具体的产品。也许是准备的时间非常紧迫，选手对课文的理解和归纳出现了偏差。然后，潘老师分析了学生的特点。在教学模式上，她采取以学生为中心、以产出为导向的教学模式。其教学目标包括商务英语知识、商务技能和伦理价值。在具体的教学方法上，她例举了基于任务的教学、基于讨论的教学、案例教学、学生参与的测评等，并强调要综合利用线上线下教学资源。在学习测评上，她采用师生共同参与的方式，以增强教学效果。至于具体的教学步骤，她采用BOPPPS模式，再加课后作业。以上教学方案应该说中规中矩，显示出潘老师对商务英语教学的理论、模式、方法和测评等各要素有比较全面的了解。潘老师最亮眼的表现是在10分钟的时间里，用流利的英语将其教学方案展现出来，而且条理清晰，相关的教学理论、教学方法、商务知识、商务案例均了然于胸，信手拈来，同时口到手到，同步将所讲内容写到白板上，手起笔落，一气呵成。在提问阶段，潘老师的表现依旧出色，理解到位，回答中肯，表现出较高的英语基本功和商务、人文素养。不过有的回答可以再精炼一些。比如在回答第一个问题时，把EGP，EOP，EAP，ESP 的定义都讲了一遍，有点啰嗦。总而言之，潘紫萌在说课中表现突出，是一位素质比较全面、经验比较丰富的优秀商务英语教师。点评专家：陈准民

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌授课

授课点评：潘紫萌老师在本次大赛中与来自全国各地的商务英语优秀教师展开激烈角逐，在教学理念、教学方法、课堂设计、英语素质、商务知识、教姿教态、师生互动等方面的表现都较突出，最后以总分第一荣获特等奖。潘老师以准确的英语发音先声夺人，丰富的表达方式、适中的语调语速和端庄的教姿教态也令人印象深刻。在课程设计环节，为实现其教学目标，她选择business ethics作为主题，介绍了教学目标、学生特征、以学生为中心和以产出为导向的教学理念，以及线上线下结合、传统和高科技媒体结合等丰富多彩的教学方式。这份介绍全面立体但简明扼要，为后面的演示（demo）课提供了一个很好的支撑。由于大赛的授课时间有限，潘老师突出重点，在演示课上只展示教学方案的第三步，即participatory learning 1 和 post assessment 1。她采用BOPPPS（bridge in, objectives, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post assessment, summary）模型，通过德国大众汽车减排作假、中国支付宝公益植树项目等案例，教学目标涵盖商务英语知识、技能、以及相关的伦理和价值观等。在短短的十几分钟里要达到这么多项教学目标绝非易事。潘老师通过一系列的短视频、多种教学方法（如听力填空、案例讨论、汉译英、样本对话补正等）以及活泼的师生互动，较好地实现了教学目标，显示出选手突出的课堂组织能力。商务英语教学起源于英美等国，因此基本使用本国素材、讲本国故事。传入中国后，主要使用外国素材、讲外国故事。令人欣喜的是，潘老师注意突出中国特色，多次引用中国案例，讲授中国故事，传播中国价值观。加上她出色的英语基本功和良好的师生互动，使得教学过程十分流畅，也没有不同文化同场展示的违和感。总而言之，潘紫萌老师在授课环节的各方面表现都很优秀。不足之处当然也有。首先， 8’13’’开始的讨论过于仓促，只有18秒， 8’31’’就结束了。由于讨论不充分，在随后的问答环节中，更多的回答似乎来自老师而不是学生。第二个是要增加教学过程的自然自发 (spontaneity)。不知是因为课前多次排练还是老师特意要求，学生的产出只有一次对话（17’40’’）相对自然，其他的多次回答虽准确无误，但都像中国小学生朗读课文或回答问题，语音、语调、语速都过于整齐合一，这不利于培养学生的英语实际表达能力。点评专家：陈准民

新思路英语专业系列教材：视听说教程 第3册 Unit 8 Video 1

中国文化英语综合教程 上册 Unit 8 PPT课件（试用版）