全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3（思政智慧版）

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学英语视听说教程2

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

新闻听力 | 你愿意被机器人照顾吗？

你愿意被机器人照顾吗？Would You Want to Be Cared for by a Robot?常速 | 六级 | 758词 | 4min59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the author say about the world’s population of over-60s?A. It has doubled since 1980 and will double again by 2050.B. It has tripled since 1980 and will double by 2050.C. It has remained stable since 1980.D. It will decrease significantly by 2050.Q2. What function does the exoskeleton serve for the elderly according to the passage?A. It helps them walk faster than normal people.B. It gives them full control of their mobility.C. It completely replaces human carers.D. It automatically chooses walking routes.Q3. What can the robot Clara do according to the passage?A. Cook meals according to dietary needs.B. Tell jokes to improve your emotional well-being.C. Detect changes in your mood and physical state.D. Clean rooms and maintain the gardens.Q4. What can be inferred about using robots in care homes from the passage?A. Robots will completely replace human carers soon.B. Most elderly people will refuse robot care.C. It has been widely accepted by society.D. It raises complex ethical and legal issues.Q5. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe features of various care robots.B. To argue for replacing humans with robots.C. To explore possibilities and concerns of robot care.D. To prove that robot care is better than human care.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWould You Want to Be Cared for by a Robot?It’s Saturday night in the year 2100, and you’re at the quiz night in a care home. The Saturday night quiz is serious business. While the residents battle it out, a team of carers quietly ensures the smooth running of the home. Luna announces the questions. Zach serves dinner and drinks, and Qi-Young administers evening medications. But Luna, Zach, and Qi-Young aren’t human. They’re robots. And one day, they could be your retirement companions.battle it out 拼搏一场One in three people born today will live until they’re 100. (Q1) The world’s population of over-60s has doubled since 1980 to around a billion, and it’s projected to double again by 2050. That’s a lot of people who may one day need additional support to live fulfilling and comfortable lives. Assistive intelligent robots could relieve pressure in understaffed care homes. So what would being looked after by robots actually feel like?Imagine – you’re woken up by your favorite song played by a music robot. Luna, a humanoid, is ready with your perfect brew, milk and sugar selected with precision. (Q2) Luna helps you choose your outfit for your morning walk and assists you into your exoskeleton, an aid that gives you full control of your mobility. humanoid n. 人形机器人exoskeleton n. 外骨骼（装置）You take a stroll around the gardens with your human carer, Dan. You choose your own route, and your exoskeleton responds to your subtle movements and commands, which it picks up via smart wearables, so you’re fully in control. Along the way, you see robots maintaining the beautifully manicured grounds, alerting carers to any potential hazards. You stop to chat to a friend, and if your conversation is cut short, a robot attendant will remember what you were talking about and set up another time for you to chat. manicured adj. 修剪整齐的When you return to your room, it’s been cleaned by a team of housekeeping robots. Unburdened by time-consuming routine tasks, your human carer, Dan, can take his time chatting to residents, giving everyone his full attention. You then enjoy a sumptuous communal breakfast with the other residents and staff. Bruno, the kitchen robot, serves up a feast customized to your personal dietary requirements, allergies, and he doesn’t forget that you hate mushrooms. (Q3) Clara, a humanoid robot with soft silicone skin and a calming voice, assists you with medication. Her senses can immediately detect changes in your mood, walking pattern, or skin temperature. Prakash, a robot designed for emotional well-being, tells you a joke. His AI adapts to each resident’s personality and allows him to keep up to date with their interests, likes, and dislikes. sumptuous adj. 豪华的；丰盛的communal adj. 公共的；共用的customize v. 定制While this scenario may sound idyllic, it’s not without serious considerations. Take, for example, logistics. This vision would mean extensive building redesigns to accommodate robot carers. Care homes of the future would need to take into consideration how robots navigate rough terrain, shared spaces, and moving around one another, all while ensuring that they don’t themselves become mobility hazards for residents. (Q4) And on an ethical and legal level, there’s a ton of complexities with no easy answers. idyllic adj. 田园诗般的；宁静美好的ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的Imagine a scenario where a robot makes a mistake, perhaps administering the wrong medication or failing to alert staff during an emergency. Who or what would be held responsible? And what are the privacy implications of sharing all your personal health data with a robot? And what will all of this mean in terms of maintaining the skills and jobs of human care workers? And then there’s, of course, the question at the heart of what it means to give and receive care. Empathy, emotional support, and human contact are essential for all of us, particularly when we’re at our most vulnerable.implication n. 可能的影响（或后果）While robots may be able to help out with physical caring, health monitoring, and even limited companionship, could they ever be a true substitute for the humans currently doing those jobs? This leads us to perhaps our most important question. Would we have the right to refuse robot care? And how might we be empowered to do so? These aren’t just questions for engineers or policymakers. They’re for all of us. What do we want our care to look like in the future?empower v. 赋予权力；使自主Today’s research looks at how robots can make their own decisions using data from their sensors, other robots, and tech worn by residents and carers. By 2100, robots will be far more capable than they are today. (Q5) If they can allow for more time and attention from human carers and empower our older selves to live safe, dignified, and fulfilled lives, perhaps it’s not a question of if they should be used, but how.dignified adj. 有尊严的Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The world’s population of over-60s has doubled since 1980 to around a billion, and it’s projected to double again by 2050.”。 意为：“自1980年以来，全球60岁以上人口数量翻了一番，达到约10亿，预计到2050年将再翻一番。”因此正确答案为A。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Luna helps you choose your outfit for your morning walk and assists you into your exoskeleton, an aid that gives you full control of your mobility.”。 意为：“Luna会帮你挑选晨间散步的穿搭，并帮你穿上外骨骼装置，这种装置能帮你完全掌控自己的行动能力。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Clara, a humanoid robot with soft silicone skin and a calming voice, assists you with medication. Her senses can immediately detect changes in your mood, walking pattern, or skin temperature.”。 意为：“克拉拉是一个拥有柔软硅胶皮肤和平静声音的人形机器人，能协助你服药。她的传感器能即时察觉你的情绪变化、步态异常或皮肤温度波动。”因此正确答案为C。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“And on an ethical and legal level, there’s a ton of complexities with no easy answers.”。 意为：“在伦理和法律层面上，存在着大量错综复杂的问题，且没有简单的答案。”文章随后进一步讨论了如果机器人犯错谁该负责的问题、个人健康数据的隐私问题、对人类护工就业的影响等。由此可以推断，正确答案为D。Q5. C.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为全文，尤其是结尾段落：“If they can allow for more time and attention from human carers and empower our older selves to live safe, dignified and fulfilled lives, perhaps it’s not a question of if they should be used, but how.”。 意为：“如果机器人能让人类护工有更多时间和精力陪伴老人，并能让我们年老时能够安全、有尊严、充实地活着，那么问题或许不在于是否应该使用机器人，而在于如何使用。”文章从未来场景设想出发，既介绍了机器人辅助养老的可能性，也讨论了伦理、法律、隐私等担忧，因此正确答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼

最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼Yelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else Does常速 | 五级（偏难） | 632词 | 4min9s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the data from applied behavior analysis (ABA) indicate about the effect of verbal redirections?A. They effectively stop children’s problem behaviors.B. They often make the children’s behaviors worse.C. They work better when combined with rewards.D. They are the most common parenting strategy.Q2. According to the passage, why do parents keep using aversive strategies like yelling?A. They are proven to be scientifically effective.B. They help the child learn self-control faster.C. Parents feel better, and they sometimes work.D. Most parenting experts recommend them.Q3. What happens when parents intend punishment as aversiveness?A. The child’s problem behavior improves at once.B. Both parents and children may find it rewarding.C. The child becomes more afraid of the parent.D. Parents usually stop using punishment entirely.Q4. What can be inferred about the “replacement behavior” strategy mentioned in the passage?A. It rewards good behaviors to reduce bad ones.B. It punishes problem behaviors more strictly.C. It only works for neurodivergent children.D. It asks parents to ignore problem behaviors.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Yelling is the most effective way to correct children.B. Parents should never use any form of punishment.C. ABA data proves isolation is the best response.D. Aversive strategies backfire; rewarding works better.Part II. TRANSCRIPTYelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else DoesIn the world of applied behavior analysis (ABA), what matters most is the data. (Q1) Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse. In this post, we will explore why yelling at a child seldom works in the long run and how to win the battle of wills with your child.verbal adj. 口头的；言语的redirection n. 转向，此处指教导What Is Punishment?Many modern parenting movements cast punishment in a negative light. However, punishment in ABA is simply the application of an outcome that decreases the chances of a behavior recurring. It is not the harsh (often called aversive) response to a child. But, many folks confuse aversives—yelling, spanking, social isolation—with punishment.recur v. 再发生；反复出现aversive adj. 厌恶的 n. 任何令人不快或痛苦的刺激物spanking n. 打屁股（尤指打小孩）Another form of punishment is often called positive punishment. Positive punishment usually works, while aversives typically are not nearly as effective. So why do people keep using aversive strategies?(Q2) The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work. If it works just enough—and randomly enough—the decrease or elimination of the child’s problem behavior is rewarding to the parent. That random pattern of success builds a surprisingly durable habit of reaching for aversives. Unfortunately, what works best will never be tried if aversives are the main strategy. But what if there’s a better approach?When Do Punishments Become Rewards?(Q3) When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding. These two dynamics define the major ways “punishments” become rewards.What to Do: 3 Steps to Change a Child’s Behavior1. Define Punishment and Problem BehaviorsKeep in mind that punishment reduces—or eliminates—a problem behavior. By holding onto that as your goal, you can refocus when things get hard. Ask yourself: “What specifically do I want my child to stop doing?”2. Find the Replacement Behavior(Q4) One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out. Adding a reward to compete with the problem behavior is more effective, and frankly more pleasant for everyone, than adding a consequence to the problem behavior itself.A problem behavior keeps happening because of what it produces. Attention is often the payoff. If we know the reward is attention, the next question is: What do we want the child to do instead? Once we identify an alternative, we can reward that replacement behavior consistently and drive down the problem behavior simultaneously.simultaneously adv. 同时地3. Change How You ReactThis is the hardest step—and the most important. Parents will need to:Decide what the replacement behavior looks like;Teach it by setting an example;Prompt it in situations that used to trigger yelling;Praise it heavily and pay real attention when the child uses it;Notice it even when unprompted, so the reinforcement stays consistent;Soon, the replacement behavior will take over, and the old triggers will lose their pull.What to Do if You Need HelpParents of neurodivergent children, in particular, often find themselves responding to aggressive or self-injurious behaviors with anxious or angry attention—largely because those behaviors are overwhelming. That’s not failure; that’s human. But outside help can make the difference. Finding a provider with genuine ABA expertise can turn things around faster than going it alone.neurodivergent adj. 神经多样的（大脑处理信息方式异于常人的）Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse.”。 意为：“很多家长一着急就冲孩子吼，想用言语制止他们的行为，可数据显示，这么做根本没用——孩子的行为非但没停，反而常常愈演愈烈。”该句明确指出数据表明口头教导往往使孩子的行为变得更糟，因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work.”。 意为：“答案其实是：很多时候，父母吼完或者把孩子单独关在房间里，自己心里会觉得好受些。有时候，这种惩罚手段甚至还真能见效。”因此正确答案为C。Q3. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding.” 意为：“当我们把‘惩罚’理解为施加令人不快的刺激时，父母本意是想惩罚孩子，结果却常常变成了对所有人的‘奖励’。父母冲孩子吼完之后，怒气或压力减轻了——这种负面情绪的缓解对他们来说就是一种奖励；而对孩子来说，哪怕得到的是带着怒意的关注，关注本身就足以成为一种奖励。”该句明确指出父母所以为的惩罚实际上对家长和孩子都可能变成一种奖励，因此正确答案为B。Q4. A.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out.”。 意为：“有一个常被忽视的策略，其实很简单：在你希望孩子多做的行为上，主动‘加点甜头’——也就是用一个替代行为来取代问题行为。当父母有意识地去奖励这个替代行为时，原来的问题行为自然就被‘挤掉’了。”因此，正确答案为A。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。综合全文，文章的核心观点是喊叫等厌恶型策略往往适得其反，而奖励替代行为等积极方法更为有效，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 狗狗如何让青少年不再那么焦虑

双语阅读 | 狗狗如何让青少年不再那么焦虑How dogs make teens feel less anxious文本难度：考研Dogs have been a part of human society for over 20,000 years. Whereas they first served people by supporting hunters, it did not take long before they became part of the home. Companion dogs may not help secure food, but for years, evidence has mounted that they help diminish anxiety and improve sociality.狗与人类相伴已有两万多年。最初，它们协助人类狩猎；但没过多久，便走进了千家万户。虽然作为伴侣的狗狗不再帮我们获取食物，但多年来，越来越多的证据表明，它们能有效缓解焦虑、促进社交。Research led by Kikusui Takefumi at Azabu University in Japan, published recently in iScience, explains what might be going on. It reveals that the microbes found in the guts of dog owners are notably different from those who do not own dogs and that this is, at least partially, responsible for the behavioral differences.日本麻布大学的菊水健史（Takefumi Kikusui）团队近期在《交叉科学》（iScience）期刊发表的一项研究，揭示了其中可能的机制：养狗者的肠道微生物组成明显异于不养狗的人，而这种差异至少在一定程度上解释了两类人行为上的不同。The brain does not exist in isolation. The microbes found elsewhere, particularly in the gut, produce chemical compounds that influence how the brain works. Those microbes are heavily affected by diet, but are also shaped by factors like stress, pollutants, and exercise. Dr Kikusui knew from his own research that having a dog influenced the microbiota of the human gut, too. With this in mind, he wondered if microbe transfer from dogs might be helping confer psychological benefits on owners. Keen to find out, he set up an experiment with 343 participants in Tokyo.大脑并非是孤立运作的。身体其他部位——尤其是肠道——的微生物会产生多种化学物质，从而影响大脑的运作。这些微生物深受饮食影响，同时也受到压力、污染物和运动等因素的影响。菊水博士从前期研究中得知，养狗也会改变人体肠道菌群。由此，他想到：狗狗身上的微生物是否可能通过某种方式转移给人类，并带来心理上的益处？为了验证这一猜想，他在东京开展了一项涉及343名参与者的研究。Dr Kikusui specifically worked with teenagers. His reason for this was that adolescence is a crucial period of brain development, when social interactions often have lasting mental effects; if microbes from dogs were reducing teen anxiety and increasing teen sociality, then this would yield long-term benefits. He and his colleagues therefore psychologically analyzed 96 teens who were dog owners and 247 teens who were not. As expected, dog owners suffered from fewer social problems. More specifically, they showed reduced aggression, diminished delinquent behavior, and less social withdrawal.菊水博士特意选择了青少年作为研究对象，因为青春期是大脑发育的关键阶段，这个时期的社交经历往往会对心理健康产生长远影响。如果来自狗狗身上的微生物真的能减轻青少年的焦虑、增强其社交能力，那么这种益处很可能会持续一生。因此，他和同事对96名养狗的青少年与247名不养狗的青少年进行了心理评估。结果正如预期：养狗的青少年在社交方面遇到的问题更少。更具体地说，他们表现出的攻击性更低，违纪行为更少，社交退缩倾向也更轻微。Dr Kikusui and his colleagues then collected saliva samples from the participants and noted that several variants of Streptococcus and Prevotella 7 bacteria were significantly more abundant in samples from dog owners. They further found that participants in whom these key microbe variants were rare also tended to have more delinquent behaviors. This finding suggested that microbes, added to the human gut by dogs, may be influencing the brains of their owners in healthy ways.随后，菊水博士及其同事采集了参与者的唾液样本，并发现：养狗青少年的样本中，几种链球菌（Streptococcus）和普雷沃氏菌属第7类（Prevotella 7）的变体会多得多。他们进一步观察到，那些体内缺乏这些关键微生物变体的参与者，往往有更多的违纪行为。这一发现表明，狗狗带入人类肠道的微生物，可能正以有益的方式影响着主人的大脑功能。The ideal next step for Dr Kikusui would have been to infuse dog microbes into the bodies of non-dog-owning teens. Since that is an ethically grey area, he worked instead with mice. He cultured microbe samples from both groups of teens in the lab and fed them to 24 mice. After six weeks, he monitored them as they were put through a series of murine sociality tests, which included examinations of how long they spent sniffing unfamiliar mice and how close they would get to a distressed mouse that had previously been their cage-mate.理想情况下，菊水博士下一步本想将狗狗相关的微生物直接移植到不养狗的青少年体内，以验证其效果。但鉴于这种做法涉及伦理争议，他转而采用小鼠进行实验。研究团队在实验室中培养了两组青少年的微生物样本，并将其喂给24只小鼠。六周后，研究人员对这些小鼠进行了一系列社交行为测试，包括观察它们花多长时间嗅探陌生小鼠，以及当曾经同笼的伙伴处于痛苦状态时，它们会主动靠近到什么程度。Remarkably, mice carrying the microbes of teen dog owners spent up to 14 seconds sniffing unfamiliar mice, whereas mice carrying the microbes of teens without dogs spent a paltry six seconds doing so. A similar result played out with the distressed mouse test—mice with the microbes of teen dog owners often spent more than 21 seconds checking on the distressed mouse, while the other mice never spent more than three seconds doing so. Dr Kikusui admits that making direct comparisons between murine and human behavior is not ideal, but his findings nonetheless indicate that the microbiotic changes brought about by dog ownership influence the brain. If the conclusions hold, it seems that the path to a healthier mind may begin not with introspection, but with a nuzzle and a few licks.令人惊讶的是，携带养狗青少年的微生物的小鼠，会花多达14秒的时间去嗅探陌生小鼠；而携带不养狗青少年的微生物的小鼠，这一时间仅有6秒。在有关“靠近痛苦鼠友”的测试中，也出现了类似结果：前者常常花超过21秒的时间去查看处于痛苦状态的鼠友，而后者从未超过3秒。菊水博士坦言，将小鼠行为直接与人类行为类比并不算理想，但研究结果依然清晰表明：养狗所引发的肠道菌群变化，确实会影响大脑功能。如果这些结论经得起进一步验证，那似乎可以说，通往更健康的精神状态的路，或许并非始于内省，而是始于狗狗的一次依偎和几次舔舐。【词汇】1. microbe n. 微生物2. microbiota n. 微生物群3. aggression n. 攻击性4. delinquent adj. 违法的；不良行为的5. saliva n. 唾液6. infuse v. 注入；灌输7. ethically adj. 伦理地；道德地8. culture v. 培养（细胞或细菌）9. paltry adj. 微不足道的；很少的10. murine adj. 鼠类的；鼠的11. introspection n. 内省；反省12. nuzzle n. 用鼻子轻触；依偎（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 教育网红猝然离世，他曾为千万学子规划“成功路径”

教育网红猝然离世，他曾为千万学子规划“成功路径”The Sudden Death of a Man Who Told Chinese Kids How to Succeed常速 | 六级 偏难 | 596词 | 3min27s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What was Zhang Xuefeng known for as China’s most famous education influencer?A. Teaching students how to improve their physical health.B. Giving direct and harsh advice on how to achieve success.C. Encouraging students to pursue their idealistic dreams.D. Writing best-selling books about liberal arts education.Q2. According to the passage, how did Zhang Xuefeng view the liberal arts and finance?A. Liberal arts are good for high-paying jobs, and finance requires luck.B. Liberal arts only suit rich students, and finance is a safe choice.C. Liberal arts mainly lead to service jobs, and finance needs connections.D. Liberal arts offer many opportunities, and finance is easy to enter.Q3. What questions did people on social media ask after Zhang Xuefeng’s sudden death?A. Whether his advice helped young people or discouraged their idealism.B. Whether he regretted being too harsh in his public comments.C. Whether his family would continue his consulting company.D. Whether the government would regulate education influencers.Q4. What can be inferred about Zhang Xuefeng’s attitude towards career choices for students from ordinary families?A. He believed they should pursue their dreams regardless of money.B. He thought they should choose practical majors to support living.C. He suggested they should avoid going to any university at all.D. He argued that only wealthy families have the right to choose.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Zhang believed students should study journalism despite poor job prospects.B. Zhang was the most popular influencer who helped wealthy students.C. Zhang’s videos and livestreams were banned by the government.D. Zhang’s sudden death made people rethink his advice and work culture.Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe Sudden Death of a Man Who Told Chinese Kids How to SucceedAny Chinese parent or student fixated on education — so, basically, most Chinese parents and students — knew the name Zhang Xuefeng. (Q1) As China’s most famous education influencer, Mr. Zhang was known for dispensing ruthlessly blunt advice about how to maximize a student’s chances at success.fixate v. 专注于；对……过分执著(Q2) The liberal arts? Only good for service jobs, he declared. Finance? Don’t bother unless your family has connections. Fast-talking and sharp-tongued, to his detractors, he was cynical and utilitarian. But to his tens of millions of fans, he embodied a rare willingness to acknowledge the harsh realities facing less privileged students, especially in the face of steep inequality and a slowing economy.detractor n. 贬低者；诋毁者utilitarian adj. 功利的；实用主义的So when Mr. Zhang suddenly died on Tuesday at age 41, of cardiac arrest, it prompted an outpouring — not only of shock, but also of reflection.cardiac adj. 心脏的；心脏病的outpouring n. （情感的）涌出，迸发(Q3) On social media, people asked: Had he steered young Chinese to better lives or discouraged their idealism? (5) What did his abrupt death, after he had long complained of being exhausted and overworked, say about China’s hypercompetitive work culture? And if life was so unpredictable, did planning so carefully for success that seemed increasingly out of reach even matter?hypercompetitive adj. 高度竞争的；竞争异常激烈的“Zhang Xuefeng’s lesson to lost young people: Enjoy your life,” was one of the top hashtags on Chinese social media on Wednesday, where news of Mr. Zhang’s death dominated discussion. “Excessive self-discipline” was another, a response to state media reports that Mr. Zhang had collapsed after going for a run in Suzhou, the city in eastern China where he lived.Another popular education influencer, Zhu Wei, posted a long tribute online, praising Mr. Zhang’s vigor and sincerity. Mr. Zhu urged his own students to slow down in their pursuit of test scores and jobs.“But I also know, what’s the cruelest thing about the age of internet traffic? It’s that nothing lasts even a month before it’s forgotten,” Mr. Zhu wrote. “Everyone will soon go back to their usual state, endlessly striving and slogging, never able to stop.”slog v. 埋头苦干；坚持不懈地努力Mr. Zhang was born in a small town in northern China. His real name was Zhang Zibiao, though he later adopted the name Xuefeng. He tested into a middling university, where he studied water supply and drainage, for which he had little enthusiasm, according to interviews he gave. After graduation, he turned to tutoring and college counseling.He shot to fame in 2016, for a video in which he — in what would become his signature rapid-fire, snark-infused patter — summarized China’s top 34 universities in seven minutes. He started a consulting company where he helped students choose majors, internships, and careers based on cold-eyed considerations of their test scores, family backgrounds, and whether they prioritized money or stability. His livestreams attracted hundreds of thousands of views, and his courses could cost thousands of dollars.patter n. 顺口溜；（饶舌的）念叨internship n. 实习；实习期His celebrity came as much from his advice as his willingness to provoke. A comment in 2023 that parents should knock their children unconscious rather than let them study journalism, because of the weak job prospects, set off days of online debate. Critics said he misunderstood the point of education or was suggesting that poorer students shouldn’t follow their dreams.“I come from an ordinary family,” Mr. Zhang wrote in response. (Q4) “If you come from a wealthy family, you have more choices, you can’t choose wrongly. But most families aren’t that well-off, and when choosing a major, you have to choose one that’s suitable and will put food on the table.”Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“As China’s most famous education influencer, Mr. Zhang was known for dispensing ruthlessly blunt advice about how to maximize a student’s chances at success.”。意为：“作为中国最著名的教育类网红，张雪峰以提供直截了当的建议而闻名，这些建议聚焦于如何最大限度地提升学生未来成功的几率。”因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The liberal arts? Only good for service jobs, he declared. Finance? Don’t bother unless your family has connections.”。意为：“人文学科？他宣称只适合服务业。金融？除非家里有关系，否则别费劲了。”该句明确指出张雪峰认为人文学科主要通向服务类工作，而金融行业需要家庭人脉，因此正确答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“On social media, people asked: Had he steered young Chinese to better lives or discouraged their idealism?”。 意为：“在社交媒体上，人们纷纷发问：他究竟是引导了中国年轻人走向更好的生活，还是打击了他们的理想主义？”因此正确答案为A。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“If you come from a wealthy family, you have more choices, you can’t choose wrongly. But most families aren’t that well-off, and when choosing a major, you have to choose one that’s suitable and will put food on the table.”。意为：“如果你来自富裕家庭，你有更多选择，你不会选错。但大多数家庭并不那么富裕，在选择专业时，你必须选择一个合适的、能养家糊口的专业。”该句明确指出张雪峰认为普通家庭的学生应该选择实际且能维持生计的专业，因此正确答案为B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。文章的核心内容是张雪峰的突然离世引发了人们对其各种教育建议以及中国高度竞争性的工作文化的反思，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 朋友为何有时不可靠

朋友为何有时不可靠Why friends are sometimes unreliable 常速 | 五级（难）| 336词 | 2min8s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the text, what is one personality trait linked to being unreliable? A. Being overly organized. B. Being less conscientious. C. Being more extroverted. D. Being highly agreeable. Q2. What is one reason technology makes it easier for people to cancel plans? A. It eliminates the need for real-life interaction. B. It provides instant gratification through social media. C. It allows people to cancel plans with minimal effort. D. It encourages people to confront their friends directly. Q3. What does the 2017 study suggest about American millennials? A. They are more likely to withdraw from social commitments. B. They prefer face-to-face communication over text messages. C. They are less likely to use social media for cancellations. D. They value real-life interactions more than older generations. Q4. What can be inferred about older generations compared to millennials regarding social commitments? A. They are more likely to use technology to cancel plans. B. They are less likely to withdraw from social arrangements. C. They are equally comfortable with last-minute cancellations. D. They are more likely to overbook themselves socially. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explore why people are reluctant to confront their friends. B. To analyze the reasons behind people being unreliable. C. To suggest ways to improve time management skills. D. To compare social habits across different generations. Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy friends are sometimes unreliable Do you have a friend who happily agrees to your plans, only to disappear when the time eventually comes? Maybe they flake on you and cancel last minute, or just don’t tell you and then ghost you completely. Or just maybe, it’s you that sometimes lets people down. What lies behind this reluctance to keep to engagements?flake v. 爽约，失信 reluctance n. 不情愿，勉强 It could be our personality traits. (Q1) According to psychology professor Richard Koestner, less conscientious or agreeable people tend to have less concern for others and are more likely to overbook themselves socially. While this can be due to bad time management, it can also be because people are afraid of confrontation and saying no to their friends, so end up agreeing to things that they don’t really want to do.trait n. 特性，特点 Technology could be another factor behind people’s willingness to back out of social commitments. Firstly, (Q2) being able to cancel plans with a simple text message or pressing a ‘not attending’ button on an invitation, rather than doing it face-to-face or through an awkward phone call, is a much more frictionless way to say you have changed your mind. On top of this, people have become used to the instant gratification offered by social media and streaming platforms. Does this make real-life interaction seem mundane and arduous by comparison? Could it be generational? (Q3) A 2017 study found that 45% of American millennials saw nothing wrong with withdrawing from social arrangements. (Q4) Older generations were less likely to pull out of events that they had been invited to.mundane adj. 平凡的，乏味的 arduous adj. 艰难的，费力的 Whatever lies behind it, psychologists have advice for us. Kurt Gray from the University of North Carolina recommends a simple phone call to reinforce human connection. Andrea Bonior from Georgetown University tells us to gently let our friends know that being let down disrupts us and makes us feel less valued. Caution is important though. Life coach Kira Asatryan reminds us that sometime people withdraw, not out of disrespect, but because they themselves feel anxious, stressed or sad.disrespect n. 不尊重，轻视 Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“According to psychology professor Richard Koestner, less conscientious or agreeable people tend to have less concern for others and are more likely to overbook themselves socially.”，可知缺乏责任心或不太随和的人往往不太关心他人，更可能在社交上安排过度，更容易失信。正确答案为B。 Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Being able to cancel plans with a simple text message or pressing a ‘not attending’ button on an invitation, rather than doing it face-to-face or through an awkward phone call, is a much more frictionless way to say you have changed your mind.”，可知科技发展使得通过简单的短信或点击按钮就能取消计划，无需当面沟通或通过尴尬的电话，也就是说花费极少精力就能取消计划。正确答案为C。 Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“A 2017 study found that 45% of American millennials saw nothing wrong with withdrawing from social arrangements.”，可知2017年的研究发现，45%的美国千禧一代认为退出社交安排并无不妥，说明他们更容易反悔爽约。正确答案为A。 Q4. B.【解析】推理题。根据“Older generations were less likely to pull out of events that they had been invited to.”，可知老一辈人不太可能退出他们被邀请的活动，从中可以推断，老一辈人相比千禧一代更少取消已定的社交活动，因此正确答案为B。 Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。根据全文，文章主要讨论了人们有时不可靠的原因，包括性格特质、科技和代际差异的影响，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 何为智者？

何为智者？What makes a person wise?常速 | 五级（易）| 350词 | 2min18s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the text, what do all cultures not agree on regarding wisdom? A. Its importance in society. B. Its definition and components. C. Its connection to intelligence. D. Its role in spiritual practices. Q2. What are the two characteristics associated with wisdom according to the study? A. Emotional stability and logical reasoning. B. Intelligence and cultural adaptability. C. Compassionate love and spiritual understanding. D. Socio-emotional awareness and reflective orientation. Q3. What can be inferred about the role of emotions in being perceived as wise? A. Emotions should always be suppressed to appear wise. B. Emotions are irrelevant to the perception of wisdom. C. Emotions need to be balanced with logical thinking. D. Emotions are more important than reflective orientation. Q4. What does the apple pie analogy in ‘The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom’ illustrate? A. Different cultures have their own unique wisdom traditions. B. Wisdom is like an apple pie that everyone enjoys equally. C. Wisdom is universally agreed upon across cultures. D. Wisdom is best understood through spiritual practices. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explore the universal definition of wisdom. B. To discuss how wisdom is perceived across cultures. C. To highlight the importance of emotional intelligence. D. To explain the relationship between wisdom and intelligence. Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhat makes a person wise?Think of the wisest person you know. What is it that makes them wise? What qualities do they have? Does wisdom mean the same for you as it does for me? (Q1) All cultures value wisdom, but not all cultures agree on its definition. For some, the focus is on intelligence, while others emphasise compassionate love for others. In some cultures, a spiritual component is required to be considered wise. Are there any aspects of wisdom that all cultures can agree on?compassionate adj. 富有同情心的 A group of 34 researchers from all over the world and from fields like psychology, philosophy and anthropology got together to explore ‘Dimensions of wisdom perception across twelve countries on five continents’. The study found two characteristics that everyone — from urban university students in Peru to villagers in rural India — associated with wisdom.anthropology n. 人类学 perception n. 感知，认识 (Q2-1) The first quality a wise person must have is ‘socio-emotional awareness’. This is about the ability to understand others’ point of view and really care about their thoughts and feelings.(Q2-2) However, this person must also have the second quality: ‘reflective orientation’, which is about using logic and past experience to make judgments. (Q3) If you are mindlessly driven by emotions and don’t think before you act, then you are unlikely to be perceived as wise. So, if you want to be wise, learn to both keep your cool and put yourself in others’ shoes.But, while this study helps us build a more unified definition of wisdom, the world is vast and cultures vary hugely. In ‘The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom’, the authors make an apple pie analogy, comparing pie to wisdom. Imagine your grandmother makes your favourite apple pie — she represents the wisdom you think is best. Now, imagine you take this apple pie to the Amazon rainforest, where apples don’t grow. For the locals, the pie isn’t as good as their own traditional desserts; they’ve grown up with different flavours and ingredients, (Q4) just as different cultures have developed their own wisdom traditions. Ultimately, the way wisdom is experienced, shared, and valued depends on the cultural ingredients involved.analogy n. 类比，比喻 Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“All cultures value wisdom, but not all cultures agree on its definition.”，可见所有文化都重视智慧，但都对智慧的定义看法不一致。正确答案为B。 Q2. D.【解析】细节题。根据“The first quality a wise person must have is ‘socio-emotional awareness’.”以及“However, this person must also have the second quality: ‘reflective orientation’”，可知研究将智慧与两大特质联系起来。第一个特质是“社会情感认知”，第二个特质是“反思思辨能力”。正确答案为D。 Q3. C.【解析】推理题。根据“If you are mindlessly driven by emotions and don’t think before you act, then you are unlikely to be perceived as wise.”，可知如果被情绪盲目驱使，且在行动前不假思索就不算有智慧，由此可推断，情绪需要与逻辑思维相互平衡，因此正确答案为C。 Q4. A.【解析】细节题。根据“Just as different cultures have developed their own wisdom traditions.”，可知不同文化发展了自己的智慧传统。苹果派的类比意在说明不同文化拥有各自独特的智慧传统，因此正确答案为A。 Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。根据全文，文章主要探讨了智慧在不同文化中的定义和感知方式，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

新文科英语系列：音乐英语教程 第2册 全册Video 25 Unit 4_Spark Musical Interest_II

新标准职业本科英语：综合教程 第2册 Unit 5 PPT课件（试用版）