新闻听力 | 禽流感
禽流感Avian Influenza常速| 考研 偏易 | 701词 | 5min21s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main focus of this report?A. The benefits of vaccination against bird flu.B. The global economic impact of bird flu.C. The risks, concerns, and preventative measures related to avian influenza.D. The history of pandemics caused by different viruses.Q2. Why is the WHO concerned about avian influenza even though human infections are rare?A. The virus has no impact on animals.B. Each human infection is an attempt of the virus to establish itself in the human population.C. The number of human infections is extremely high.D. The virus is not evolving.Q3. What activities put people at risk of catching bird flu according to Dr. Wenqing Zhang?A. Consuming cooked poultry.B. Walking in the park.C. Gardening.D. Slaughtering, de-feathering, handling carcasses and preparing poultry for consumption.Q4. Based on the text, why might a dairy worker need to be aware of the risk of bird flu?A. Bird flu has recently been detected in cows in the US.B. Bird flu does not affect mammals.C. Dairy workers frequently handle raw poultry.D. Dairy farming increases the spread of the virus.Q5. According to the text, which foods should be avoided during an outbreak of avian influenza?A. Pasteurized milk.B. Raw milk, eggs, and meat.C. Thoroughly cooked eggs and meat.D. Canned vegetables.Q6. What should the public do to protect themselves during an outbreak according to Dr. Wenqing Zhang?A. Avoid going to crowded places.B. Take antiviral medication daily.C. Minimize contact with animals in affected areas.D. Get vaccinated immediately.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAvian InfluenzaVismita Gupta-Smith: We’ve been hearing about avian influenza or bird flu. (Q1) Why is WHO concerned about it? Who is at risk and how can you protect yourself? Here to talk about it is Doctor Wenqing Zhang. Welcome, Wenqing, talk to us about avian influenza and how it’s affecting humans.avian adj. 鸟（类）的；关于鸟（类）的Dr. Wenqing Zhang: Avian influenza or bird flu is a disease in birds caused by a virus. Sometimes the virus makes them sick, but sometimes the birds don’t get sick from the disease but act as carriers of the virus. We’ve also seen this virus in mammals such as foxes, minks, seals and sea lions, and most recently in cows in the US. In rare cases, people have also been infected when in contact with infected birds or mammals or contaminated environments.mink n. 水貂Vismita Gupta-Smith: So, Wenqing, if human infections are so rare, why is WHO concerned about it?Dr. Wenqing Zhang: So far, close to 900 human infections have been reported. (Q2) Although the number may appear not as big as many other outbreaks, we need to bear into mind is that each infection in human is an attempt of the virus to try to establish itself in human population. Although the chances are slim so far, as long as it succeeds once, just once, it is a start of an influenza pandemic, which can be as mild as the 2009 pandemic, but equally, it could also be devastating, like the 1918 one, also called the Spanish flu. That’s why, Vismita, we are concerned about the avian influenza and are watching it very closely.pandemic n.（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病Vismita Gupta-Smith: Talk to us about who is at risk of bird flu.Dr. Wenqing Zhang: Anyone exposed to infected live or dead poultry or infected animals or contaminated environments such as live bird markets is at risk. (Q3) Slaughtering, de-feathering, handling carcasses and preparing poultry for consumption, especially in household settings, are also risk factors. So, if you are a poultry farmer or have chickens in your backyard, you need to be aware that you are at a potential risk of catching bird flu. (Q4) With avian influenza detected in cows in the US recently, if you are a dairy worker, you’ll also need to be aware that you are at a potential risk of catching bird flu.carcass n. 动物尸体；（尤指供食用的）畜体Vismita Gupta-Smith: Wenqing, we know that this virus is evolving constantly. Talk to us about how WHO is preparing countries for a possible pandemic.Dr. Wenqing Zhang: The risk of an influenza pandemic is persistent and is being watched closely by a long-standing global system called the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System, also called GISRS. This system will rapidly detect an influenza pandemic virus once it enters into human population, and from there it will trigger a series of response, including the development of laboratory diagnostics and vaccines. In addition, WHO will rapidly release a series of practical guidance to countries tailored to the specific pandemic response needs.diagnostics n. 诊断学Vismita Gupta-Smith: So that’s why it’s important to keep an eye on the virus to see how it’s changing. Tell us in case of an outbreak, which foods are safe to eat?Dr. Wenqing Zhang: (Q5) Avoid consuming raw milk, eggs, and meat. Make sure you consume pasteurized or properly boiled milk and thoroughly cooked eggs and meat. If you’re handling raw products, make sure you wash your hands before and after, and follow other good food safety practices. This is, in fact, our standing advice, with or without avian influenza, because these practices protect you from many diseases.pasteurized adj.（牛奶等）巴氏消毒的Vismita Gupta-Smith: So, tell us what else the public needs to do in case of an outbreak to protect themselves.Dr. Wenqing Zhang: Be vigilant. (Q6) Minimize contact with animals in areas affected with avian influenza. Avoid contact with surfaces contaminated with animal feces. Strictly avoid contact with dead or sick animals, including wild birds. Report dead animals or request their removal by contacting local authorities. And wash your hands frequently and thoroughly, especially after contact with animals and their environments.vigilant adj. 警觉的；警惕的；警戒的；谨慎Vismita Gupta-Smith: Thank you, Wenqing. There you have it, Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 主旨题。文章主要围绕禽流感展开，开门见山提出了“Why is WHO concerned about it? Who is at risk and how can you protect yourself?”，可知文章主要讨论了与禽流感相关的风险、担忧和预防措施。因此答案为C。Q2. B. 细节题。根据“...each infection in human is an attempt of the virus to try to establish itself in human population.” 可知每一次人类感染都是病毒试图在人类群体中立足的一次尝试，因此答案为B。Q3. D. 细节题。根据“Slaughtering, de-feathering, handling carcasses and preparing poultry for consumption, especially in household settings, are also risk factors.” 可知屠宰、拔毛、处理家禽尸体以及准备食用家禽等行为，尤其是在家庭环境中，会使人们面临感染禽流感的风险。因此答案为D。Q4. A. 推理题。根据“With avian influenza detected in cows in the US recently, if you are a dairy worker, you’ll also need to be aware that you are at a potential risk of catching bird flu.”可知因为最近在美国的奶牛中发现了禽流感，所以奶牛场工人也需要意识到自己有感染禽流感的风险。因此答案为A。Q5. B. 细节题。根据“Avoid consuming raw milk, eggs, and meat.”可知要避免食用生牛奶、生鸡蛋和生肉。因此答案为B。Q6. C. 细节题。根据“Minimize contact with animals in areas affected with avian influenza.” 可知在受禽流感爆发期间，公众要尽量减少与受影响地区动物的接触以保护自己。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)