全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学英语视听说教程2

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程第四册

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

教学素材 | 看电影学英语——流浪地球2的翻译之妙

看电影学英语---流浪地球2的翻译之妙供稿 刘伟要说今年最火的科幻电影，几乎所有人都会想到《流浪地球2》。今年贺岁电影档中，《流浪地球2》凭借精美震撼的视觉效果、动人心弦的故事情节，收获好评如潮，给观众奉上了一道视觉盛宴。它所展现的全人类团结起来面对危机、努力延续文明的图景也十分发人深省。电影的字幕翻译也是可圈可点。在电影中，刘培强和张鹏的师徒情戳中了很多人的泪点，而张鹏幽默风趣的方言也给电影增添了许多趣味。而要想翻译好方言，字对字翻译是行不通的，只有充分理解其在源语语境中的意思，才能在译语中找到合适的表达，达到近似源语中的效果。《流浪地球2》里有哪些“神翻译”？我们快来一起学习一下吧！1. 赶紧摇人。在太空电梯危机之中，诺夫被无人机追杀。由于无人机数量太多，张鹏大喊“摇人儿”。这是一句东北方言，指的是叫更多人来帮助自己。但是在电影当中，字幕翻译为：“Shake them off.”，那“shake off”是什么意思呢？Shake offIf you shake off someone who is following you, you manage to get away from them, for example by running faster than them. 甩掉，摆脱(跟随的人)例句：He was unaware that they had shaken off their pursuers.他不知道他们已经甩掉了追捕者。If you shake off someone who is touching you, you move your arm or body sharply so that they are no longer touching you. 甩开，甩掉(使不接触)例句：She shook off his restraining hand.她甩开了他的手。If you shake off something that you do not want such as an illness or a bad habit, you manage to recover from it or get rid of it. 治好(疾病)，摆脱(坏习惯等)例句：He was generally feeling bad. He just couldn't shake it off.他整个人感觉不太舒服，总是好不了。所以这里是翻译错误吗？不是的，这里应该是字幕组刻意为之，目的是突出他们携带的同声传译设备无法准确地处理跨文化翻译，只能翻译字面意思，而无法理解其文化内涵。张鹏喊的是“摇人儿”，诺夫接收到的指令却是“甩开他们”。正是因为这一差错，后面诺夫才会说“Working on it.”，然而对应的中文字幕是“我正摇着呢。”，这也是张鹏接收到的反馈。短短几句话形成了一个奇妙的闭环。明明是鸡同鸭讲的“跨服聊天”，结果彼此都没有发现沟通出了问题。最后诺夫大喊“乌拉”，没有去呼叫援军，反而是一通炫技甩掉了无人机。这样一个有趣的情节设计，凸显了电影的别具匠心，也给观众带来更多的欢乐。2. 当年全校第一，不是浪得虚名。诺夫甩掉无人机后开始洋洋得意地炫耀起自己的本领，说：“当年全校第一，不是浪得虚名。”这里出现了一个中国的成语“浪得虚名”，大家可以先想一想怎么翻译？评论区欢迎你的奇思妙想。成语和方言一样，可千万不能字对字翻译，而是要放到语境中充分理解它的内涵。更重要的是，字幕翻译要尽量简洁，最好长度和原文相差不大，在屏幕上展示的时间能够吻合。因此，如果去解释“浪”和“虚名”，译文就难免太过啰嗦。字幕组则直接译为“I was the top figure in school for a reason.”，指的是“我当年全校第一是有道理的”。“for a reason”用得很好，值得我们学习。英语中也经常会说：“Everything happens for a reason.（万事皆有因）”。3. 别浪了。正当诺夫洋洋得意之时，张鹏对诺夫说“别浪了，援军来了。”大家有没有发现，这里又出现一个“浪”字，但此“浪”非彼“浪”。“浪”在这个语境里指的是诺夫的得意忘形、自信膨胀的状态。那你能想到什么词来描述这种状态呢？译文这里用了“swagger”这个词，翻译为“cut the swagger.”我们来一起学习一下。Swaggerv．to walk in an extremely proud and confident way 神气十足地走；大摇大摆地走例句：They swaggered into the room.他们大摇大摆地走进了房间。n. a way of walking or behaving that seems too confident 神气十足；大摇大摆例句：Underneath all his swagger (= way of acting that shows he is very confident and thinks that he is important) , he's actually quite nervous.虽然表面上一副自命不凡的样子，但实际上他很紧张。4. 削他们。这句话估计大家一看就懂，然后会心一笑。英文当中类似意思的表达不少，如果直接翻译成“Attack them”未免太过平淡，没有传达出源语的语气。因此，字幕组在这里使用了一个英文俗语：“Give them hell!”。“hell”本意是“地狱”，“让他们下地狱吧！”既传达了意思，又带有恶狠狠的语气。give somebody hell(informal) to make life unpleasant for somebody 让某人受罪；使某人不好受例句：He used to give his mother hell when he was a teenager.他年少时常常给他妈妈找麻烦。2019年，《流浪地球》开启了中国电影“科幻元年”；2023年，《流浪地球2》再次创造票房奇迹。当张鹏喊出：“中国航天中队，五十岁以上出列”，无数人在电影院热泪盈眶；当周喆直坚定地说：“危难当前，唯有责任”，又有多少人为之动容！影片中好的台词总是令人津津乐道，让人感触颇深。而从这些台词的翻译当中，我们也可以学到很多知识。大家可以尽情挖掘，在评论区分享你们注意到的精妙翻译。不说啦，小编要去二刷三刷啦！（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 我们真的应该每天努力走一万步或者喝两升水吗？

【导读】我们真的需要每天努力走上一万步或者喝足两升水吗？本文介绍了一些广为接受的关于饮食和健康的观念以及目前科学的研究发现，了解了这些，您就可以开始做出明智的健康决策了。Should we really be aiming to walk 10,000 steps a day, or drink two litres of water?我们真的应该每天努力走一万步或者喝两升水吗？By Joel Snape刘立军 选编Here are some widely held dietary and health-based beliefs and what science says now - so you can start making informed health decisions this year.1. ‘Lifting weights will give you big muscles’This obviously isn’t true. To understand the scietnce, though, you have to realise that there are two main ways to get strong: increasing the size of individual muscle fibres or coaxing more of them into firing at the same time.Bodybuilders aim to do the first, by doing many repetitions in each set of exercises, lifting until their muscles fail. Athletes, who generally have smaller shoulders than bodybuilders, aim to do the second, by lifting heavier weights for fewer reps, and avoiding muscular failure.2. ‘Breakfast is the most important meal of the day’This is a tricky one. Although there is nothing about the first meal of the day that makes it especially magical, the timing of meals is increasingly recognised as an important factor in weight loss. One study found that those who ate a large breakfast saw greater weight loss than another group who had a low-calorie breakfast and larger dinner.“This might be because skipping breakfast leads to increased hunger levels later in the day, resulting in people overeating,” says Brady Holmer, a researcher in nutrition.3. ‘You should walk 10,000 steps a day’This number wasn’t based on any science when it was first used in the 1960s, but it might be good advice. A study released in 2022 found that walking may reduce the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Another study found similar results for dementia, with as little as 3,800 steps a day proving effective. But it’s also worth stepping up the pace, as the dementia study saw a power-walker’s pace showing benefits above and beyond the number of steps walked.4. ‘You need eight hours of sleep’It’s easy to think of sleep as an individual thing: some people need eight hours, while others can get by on seven. But in one of the largest ever sleep studies, launched in 2017, participants who reported sleeping seven to eight hours performed better cognitively than those who slept more or less than that, regardless of age. Those who slept four hours or less performed as if they were almost nine years older.5. ‘You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day’“Many studies have found that roughly this number is associated with improved health, but there is also evidence that up to 10 servings per day of these foods can be beneficial,” says Holmer. In general, those who consume more fruits and vegetables have lower risks for cognitive decline and dementia, and diabetes, and may even experience decreased levels of stress.6. ‘You need to drink two litres of water a day’Staying hydrated is important, but the recommendation to drink two litres of water a day, while reasonable advice, is not based on hard science. In 1974, a book by leading US nutritionist Dr. Frederick J. Stare stated: “How much water each day? For the average adult, somewhere around six to eight glasses, and this can be in the form of coffee, tea, milk, soft drinks, beer, etc. Fruits and vegetables are also good sources of water.” The bit about getting your hydration from lattes, celery or Fanta often gets lost – which is a shame because it’s still valid.7. ‘A daily glass of wine is better than abstinence’This one is a classic of the “correlation is not causation” genre. The old recommendation to have a glass each night is based on observational evidence that people who classify themselves as “moderate drinkers” (roughly 1-2 units a day) seem to have a lower risk for some diseases. However, recent research suggests that regular, small-scale drinking is far from ideal: one study found that even one or two drinks a day might decrease the chance of healthy ageing and reduce the size of your brain.That said, there are well-known health benefits that come from a lively social life – so if you are drinking the occasional wine with friends, it might be doing you more good than harm.8. ‘Abdominal exercises will give you a six-pack’“It makes a sort of sense that if you want to build your abs, you would do typical abdominal exercises like sit-ups,” says Emma Storey-Gordon, a personal trainer and sports scientist. “But the truth is that whether you have visible abs or not has far more to do with your body fat levels and where you are predisposed to store fat than the number of sit-ups you do.” Many resources will tell you that you need to be around the 10-15 per cent body fat range to start seeing the outline of your abs if you’re male, or 15-20 per cent if you’re female. In reality, it’s a bit more complicated. “A lot of women need to go below a healthy body fat range for abs; those with longer torsos, who don’t store fat around their midsection, may not.”9. ‘Dieting will slow your metabolism’It’s a common belief that eating a very low-calorie diet, or even fasting, will trigger “starvation mode”, where the body slows metabolism as a way to keep you from losing any more weight. “While there’s no such thing as ‘starvation mode’, there may be small changes to someone’s metabolic rate when they lose weight or go on a diet,” says Holmer. “It’s called adaptive thermogenesis - a process during which the body reduces its production of heat in order to conserve energy.” This might explain why some people have a hard time keeping weight off, or even regain weight after dieting. To lessen the chances of your metabolism slowing down due to dieting or weight loss, you should avoid rapid weight loss: gradual is better.10. ‘Red meat is bad for you’Red meat was often advised against because it contains a lot of saturated fat - but it’s not as simple as that. Several studies have shown an association between a higher intake of red meat and an increased risk of prostate cancer and heart disease, but it is now widely believed that the associations between red meat and disease risk might be proved wrong, because many studies don’t distinguish between processed (bacon, sausages, burgers, etc.) and unprocessed red meat intake.“Several recent studies have found that eating unprocessed red meat may not actually increase the risk for heart disease or cancer,” says Holmer. “And major health organisations have recommended that people can continue to eat unprocessed red meat.”Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/jan/04/truth-behind-10-of-the-biggest-health-beliefs【词汇】1. coax vt. to persuade sb to do sth by talking to them in a kind and gentle way 哄劝；劝诱 例如：It took almost an hour to coax the cat down from the tree. 花了近一个小时才把那只猫从树上哄下来。2. premature adj. happening before the normal or expected time 未成熟的；过早的；提前的 例如：his premature death at the age of 37他37岁时早逝3. cognitive adj. connected with mental processes of understanding 认知的；感知的；认识的 例如：a child's cognitive development儿童的认知开发4. correlation n. a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does 相互关系；关联 例如：the correlation of social power with wealth社会权力与财富的相关性5. genre n. (formal) a particular type or style of literature, art, film or music that you can recognize because of its special features （文学、艺术、电影或音乐的）体裁，类型6. metabolism n. (biology 生) the chemical processes in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth 新陈代谢 例如：The body's metabolism is slowed down by extreme cold. 严寒可以使身体新陈代谢的速度下降。7. saturated fat （来自肉类和乳类的）饱和脂肪【练习与参考答案】Choose the best answer.1. What is the difference between the way bodybuilders and athletes lift weights?A. Bodybuilders lift heavier weights for fewer reps.B. Athletes lift until their muscles fail.C. Bodybuilders aim to increase the size of individual muscle fibers.D. Athletes focus on increasing the number of muscle fibers that fire at the same time.【答案】D【解析】Athletes focus on increasing the number of muscle fibers that fire at the same time, while bodybuilders aim to increase the size of individual muscle fibers.2. What is the author’s view on the statement “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day”?A. The author believes it is true.B. The author believes it is false.C. The author is undecided.D. The author does not address it.【答案】B【解析】The passage explains that although breakfast is often touted as the most important meal of the day, the timing of meals is increasingly recognized as an important factor in weight loss. The study cited in the passage suggests that eating a larger breakfast can lead to greater weight loss, but this does not necessarily mean that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. The author’s view is that the statement is false.3. According to the passage, why is it recommended to walk 10,000 steps a day?A. It is based on scientific research.B. It reduces the risk of premature death.C. It prevents cardiovascular disease and cancer.D. It prevents dementia with a power-walker’s pace.【答案】B【解析】While the number of 10,000 steps per day was not based on scientific research, a study released in 2022 found that walking can reduce the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to walk 10,000 steps a day to reduce this risk.4. What is the main finding of the sleep study according to the passage?A. Sleeping for eight hours is essential for good health.B. Different people require different amounts of sleep.C. Sleeping for seven to eight hours a day is the best for cognitive performance.D. Sleeping less than four hours a day is equivalent to aging by nine years.【答案】C【解析】The passage states that in one of the largest ever sleep studies, participants who reported sleeping seven to eight hours performed better cognitively than those who slept more or less than that, regardless of age. Therefore, option C. is the correct answer. Option A. and B. are not supported by the passage, while option D. is true, but not the main finding of the study mentioned in the passage.5. According to the text, how many portions of fruit and vegetable should one aim to eat per day?A. Five.B. Ten.C. Twenty.D. It varies from person to person.【答案】A【解析】The text states that “You should aim to eat five portions of fruit and veg a day” and goes on to say that “Many studies have found that roughly this number is associated with improved health.” While there is evidence that up to 10 servings per day can be beneficial, the text does not suggest that one should aim for this higher number. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Five.6. According to the article, the recommendation to drink two litres of water a day ___________.A. is based on hard scienceB. is unreasonable adviceC. was first made in 1974 by Dr. Frederick J. StareD. is the only way to stay hydrated【答案】C【解析】The article states that the recommendation to drink two litres of water a day is not based on hard science, and that Dr. Frederick J. Stare first made the recommendation of “somewhere around six to eight glasses” in 1974. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.7. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea that a daily glass of wine is better than abstinence?A. The author believes that a daily glass of wine is better for health than abstinence.B. The author believes that there is no scientific evidence to support the claim that a daily glass of wine is better than abstinence.C. The author believes that a daily glass of wine is acceptable as long as it is consumed in moderation.D. The author believes that the health benefits of a daily glass of wine are outweighed by the risks.【答案】B【解析】The passage states that the idea that a daily glass of wine is better than abstinence is a “classic of the ‘correlation is not causation’ genre” and that recent research suggests that even one or two drinks a day might decrease the chance of healthy aging and reduce brain size. Therefore, the author’s attitude towards this idea is that there is no scientific evidence to support it.8. What does Emma Storey-Gordon say about building visible abs?A. It is only possible through typical abdominal exercises.B. It depends on the number of sit-ups you do.C. It is more related to body fat levels and predisposition to store fat.D. It is easier for women with longer torsos.【答案】C【解析】Emma Storey-Gordon, a personal trainer and sports scientist, says that whether you have visible abs or not has far more to do with your body fat levels and where you are predisposed to store fat than the number of sit-ups you do. Therefore, the correct answer is C.9. What is “adaptive thermogenesis” according to the passage?A. A process where the body increases heat production to burn more calories.B. A process where the body slows down metabolism to conserve energy.C. A process where the body burns fat instead of glucose for energy.D. A process where the body increases appetite to compensate for weight loss.【答案】B【解析】The passage explains that “adaptive thermogenesis” is a process where the body reduces its production of heat in order to conserve energy, resulting in small changes to someone’s metabolic rate when they lose weight or go on a diet.10. What is the common belief about red meat?A. It contains too much protein.B. It is hard to digest.C. It is high in calories.D. It is unhealthy due to high saturated fat.【答案】D【解析】The passage mentions that red meat was often advised against because it contains a lot of saturated fat. The belief is that it increases the risk of prostate cancer and heart disease. However, recent studies have shown that eating unprocessed red meat may not actually increase the risk for these diseases.（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 如何撰写学术论文（上）

【导读】如何撰写研究论文，一直困扰着很多写作者。本文中，受访者分享了他们撰写研究手稿的方法以及克服常见障碍的策略。How to write a research paperBY ELISABETH PAIN刘立军选编Condensing months or years of research into a few pages can be a mighty exercise even for experienced writers. Authors need to find the sweet spot between convincingly addressing their scientific questions and presenting their results in such detail the key message is lost. They must describe their methods succinctly and clearly so their experiments can be reproduced, and discuss the broader implications of their research without overselling their work.The feeling of being exposed that comes with publishing can also get in the way of writing, says Daniela Anahí Parker Yáñez, a fourth-year materials science Ph.D. student at Linköping University in Sweden. “It is definitely frightening to state something incorrect.” Especially if you are a newcomer, “one always feels like there is something one doesn’t know, or that your words are not the best.” For non-native English speakers like Parker, there is also an additional language barrier that requires being “proactive and willing to become better,” she adds. “But at the same time, keep in mind that publishing results is very helpful for others.”Science Careers asked early-career scientists in a range of disciplines to share their approaches for writing a researchmanuscriptand strategies for overcoming commonstumblingblocks. The answers have been edited for clarity and brevity.【练习与解析】1. What is not mentioned as a challenge in condensing research into a few pages?A. Finding the right balance between addressing scientific questions and presenting results.B. Describing methods clearly and succinctly for reproducibility.C. Not overselling the implications of the research.D. Being a non-native English speaker.【答案】D【解析】The article did mention that being a non-native English speaker can pose an additional challenge, but it is not specifically mentioned as a challenge in condensing research into a few pages. The other options are all mentioned as common challenges.How do you know when it’s time to start working on a paper? What is your overall writing process?Ideally, by the time I start writing a paper I have a strong foundation for why I decided to research this topic, therobustresults from different experiments that support my idea, and a good overview of how my research advances scientific knowledge. To be more certain that I have a consistent story to tell, I also like to put my findings to the test by trying to invalidate them experimentally or see if there is anything important missing. Then, writing the paper and getting it ready for submission may take me 3 to 6 months. I like separating the writing into three phases. The results and the methods go first, as this is the phase where I write what was done and how, and what the outcomes were. In a second phase, I tackle the introduction and refine the results section with input from my supervisor and collaborators on how we want to develop the story, which references should be included, and what the takeaway message is. In the last phase I write the abstractand work on providing a coherent ending in the conclusion.- Parker【练习与解析】2. What is the first thing the author likes to separate when writing a paper?A. Introduction and background information.B. Results and methods.C. Abstract and conclusion.D. Feedback from supervisor and collaborators.【答案】B【解析】According to the text, the author likes to separate the writing into three phases. The first phase is dedicated to writing down the results and the methods used to achieve them. This is where the author explains what was done and what the outcomes were.I first collate all the figures and data - both positive and negative - that I think are likely to be relevant to the story. I’m more a visual person, so the next step is to generate a coherent storyboard of my figures to get a big-picture view of the project. This process helps me formulate an outline of the manuscript that I can use as a guide during the writing. Once I start writing the draft - and consequently also spend time looking more closely at the data - I constantly go back and forth to the literature to make sure I’m not missing anything about my topic and that I’m citing the right studies. Sometimes during this process, the story narrative can change a little, and that’s OK! I just go with the flow and see where the data takes me.- Jessica S. Ho, postdoctoral researcher in microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai【练习与解析】3. What does the author do after collating relevant figures and data for a research project?A. Generate a coherent storyboard to get a big-picture view.B. Write the entire draft in one sitting.C. Focus on positive data only and discard negative data.D. Ignore the literature to avoid getting sidetracked.【答案】A【解析】According to the text, after collecting all relevant figures and data, the author generates a coherent storyboard to get a big-picture view of the project. This helps the author formulate an outline of the manuscript that they can use as a guide during the writing process.I feel ready to turn my research into a paper when I have a set of results forming a clear storyline. I start the writing process with an outline that serves more as a wish list for how I want the flow of the paper to go, bearing in mind the overall goal, specific aims, and main takeaways of the manuscript. I usually put all the results I have into the outline in one long, running results section with a summary of what they add to the storyline. Then the methods section is typically the first I write, as I find it relatively straightforward. During my research, I try to keep my code for data analysis organized and documented in such a way that writing the methods and results is effectively translating my scripts from nil into a storyline. I often write the results section at the same time as the methods to try and mirror the flow. In the results, I also include some text describing the figures I want to generate or preliminary, hand-drawn figures. Before writing the introduction and discussion, I take a day or two to really dive into the literature and refresh my vision of where my work fits in the current state of the science. The final aesthetically pleasing and well-formatted figures and tables are usually one of the last things I develop. I always save the abstract for the end. Assuming all analysis is complete before I start writing, preparing a paper usually takes me 2 to 3 months from blank page to submission.- Marissa Kosnik, group leader in environmental toxicology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology【练习与解析】4. What is the first section the author typically writes when starting the writing process?A. Introduction.B. Literature.C. Methods.D. Results.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the methods section is typically the first section the author writes when starting the writing process, as she finds it relatively straightforward. During her research, she tries to keep her code for data analysis organized and documented in such a way that writing the methods and results is effectively translating their scripts from nil into a storyline. She also often writes the results section at the same time as the methods to try and mirror the flow.I start to think about the publication when I am still carrying out the research because, depending on the audience we plan to reach, the datasets that we use to develop our model and the experimental evaluation that we present can vastly differ. The target journal is chosen long before the writing process begins, and putting the paper together usually takes me 3 to 6 weeks. But sometimes, we realize during the writing that we need to do a few further experiments to make a strong point, which can prolong the process.- Niklas Gebauer, Ph.D. student in machine learning at the Berlin Institute of Technology【练习与解析】5. What can prolong the process of putting a paper together?A. Choosing the target journal before starting the writing process.B. Considering the audience during the research.C. Developing a model with specific datasets.D. Realizing further experiments are needed during the writing.【答案】D【解析】According to the text, the author notes that sometimes during the writing process, he realizes that he needs to do a few further experiments to make a strong point, which can prolong the process.In my theoretical field, I begin by deciding how to split the content into sections. I usually think about accompanying tables and figures to illustrate my theoretical results and prepare them before even starting the draft. I very often go back to the literature and evaluate how my work fits into the broader research context to develop the scientific story. Then I work on the more technical core of the paper and only later write the introduction, broader perspectives, and conclusions. For me, the hardest section is the introduction, where the main theoretical questions need to be made clear while avoiding jargon and technicalities as much as possible. I usually list the relevant references for the scientific context and the key results of the work, and then build around this. The abstract is the very last thing I do.- Valentina Ros, researcher in statistical physics at Paris-Saclay University in France【练习与解析】6. What is the hardest section for the author when writing a paper in her theoretical field?A. Tables and figures.B. Technical core.C. Introduction.D. Broader perspectives and conclusions.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the author finds the introduction the hardest section when writing a paper in her theoretical field. The reason for this is that the introduction has to make the main theoretical questions clear while avoiding jargon and technicalities as much as possible.Any further specifics about what should go into each part of the manuscript, or how it should be presented?In the results section, in addition to describing the data I give a brief explanation of the rationale, hypothesis, and set up for each experiment to help the reader follow the logic of my work. The target journal does sometimes influence the writing and preparation of the manuscript, mostly in terms of the figures or dataset requirements, word counts, and reference formats.- Ho【练习与解析】7. What information does the author provide in the results section?A. A summary of the literature review.B. An explanation of the future implications of the work.C. The rationale, hypothesis, and setup for each experiment.D. A discussion of the limitations of the study.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, in the results section, in addition to describing the data, the author provides a brief explanation of the rationale, hypothesis, and set up for each experiment to help the reader follow the logic of their work.In the discussion, I try to explain how the data supports my assertions and how strongly. I feel it is the most difficult section since there is always a risk of under-explaining your data. Giving some thought to how to give a twist to the title or make it unique is important so the paper can be more easily found and remembered in the tide of research manuscripts. For the acknowledgments, I usually keep a spreadsheet with all the individuals and organizations that have supported the research. Finally, I consult with my supervisors or institute's legal office to fill in the declarations about funding, potential conflicts of interest, and compliance with ethical standards and reporting guidelines. The choice of journal may affect the length of the manuscript and order of the sections.- Roshan Paladugu, postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyAdapted fromhttps://www.science.org/content/article/how-write-research-paper【词汇】1.manuscriptn. a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed手稿；原稿。例如：an unpublished / original manuscript未经发表的/原始的手稿2.stumbling blockssomething that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim绊脚石3.robustadj. strong and full of determination; showing that you are sure about what you are doing or saying坚定的；信心十足的（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 情商

情商Emotional Intelligence刘立军 供稿u TRANSCRIPTNow let’s take a look at some ways in which we can increase the levels of our own emotional intelligence so that employers will be fighting over us!The first step is to label our own feelings rather than labelling situations or other people. We should say things like “I feel angry” instead of “This is a ridiculous situation”.Secondly, it is very important to know the difference between a thought and a feeling. In terms of language, we express thoughts by saying “I feel like” or “I feel as if”, but for feelings we say “I feel” and then a feeling word, an adjective ― happy, angry, frustrated.Next ― and this is a crucial point ― we should take more responsibility for our feelings. Instead of saying “You are making me jealous”, we ought to say “I feel jealous”.After this we need to learn how to use our feelings to help us make decisions. Ask yourselves “How will I feel if I do this?” or “How will I feel if I don’t?” Another important issue here is respect. We have to respect the feelings of others. We should ask ourselves questions like “How will this person feel if I do this?”And of course it isn’t enough to just respect the feelings of others. We have to show others that we care. We do this through empathy and understanding. And we should accept people’s feelings. They are just as valid as our own.Then we come to energy. We need to turn anger into energy and use it to take action ― productive action, that is.Finally, after getting used to understanding and analyzing our emotions, we should practice getting a positive value from them. Ask yourselves “How do I feel and what could help me feel better?” and don’t forget those around you ― “How do you feel?” and “What would help you feel better?”To sum up, I am going to leave you with two pieces of advice. Don’t criticize, advise, control or lecture others. Just listen with empathy and in a non-judgmental way.And what about people who invalidate you? Easy ― avoid them. And when it isn’t possible to avoid them altogether, try to spend less time with them and don’t let them get to you.Follow this advice and I am sure that you will soon increase your EQ level. You will feel happier and more positive and hopefully this will rub off on those around you.u VOCABULARY1. fight over: 争夺2. invalidate v. to deny, reject or dismiss someone’s feelings 否认、拒绝或忽视（某人的感受）3. rub off: (of personal qualities, behavior, opinions, etc.) to become part of a person’s character as a result of that person spending time with sb. who has those qualities, etc. 感染；传给。例如：Her sense of fun has rubbed off on her children. 她的幽默感已经传给了她的孩子。uQUESTIONSTASK 1: 填空Read the passage. Then listen to the news and fill in the blanks with the information (words, phrases or sentences) you hear.Now let’s take a look at some ways in which we can increase the levels of our own (Q1) ____________ so that employers will be fighting over us!The first step is to (Q2) _________________________ rather than labelling situations or other people. We should say things like “I feel angry” instead of “This is a ridiculous situation”.Secondly, it is very important to (Q3) ___________________________________________. In terms of language, we express thoughts by saying “I feel like” or “I feel as if”, but for feelings we say “I feel” and then a feeling word, an adjective ― happy, angry, frustrated.Next ― and this is a crucial point ― we should (Q4) _______________________________. Instead of saying “You are making me jealous”, we ought to say “I feel jealous”.After this we need to learn (Q5) ______________________________________________. Ask yourselves “How will I feel if I do this?” or “How will I feel if I don’t?” Another important issue here is respect. We have to respect the feelings of others. We should ask ourselves questions like “How will this person feel if I do this?”And of course it isn’t enough to just respect the feelings of others. We have to (Q6) ________________. We do this through empathy and understanding. And we should accept people’s feelings. They are just as valid as our own.Then we come to energy. We need to turn anger into energy and use it to take action ― productive action, that is.Finally, after getting used to understanding and analyzing our emotions, we should practice (Q7) ________________________ from them. Ask yourselves “How do I feel and what could help me feel better?” and don’t forget those around you ― “How do you feel?” and “What would help you feel better?”To sum up, I am going to leave you with two pieces of advice. Don’t criticize, advise, control or lecture others. Just listen with (Q8) _________________ and in a non-judgmental way.And what about people who invalidate you? Easy ― (Q9) ________________ them. And when it isn’t possible to avoid them altogether, try to spend less time with them and don’t let them get to you.Follow this advice and I am sure that you will soon increase your EQ level. You will feel happier and more (Q10) _______________ and hopefully this will rub off on those around you.TASK 2: 选择Choose the best answer.1. What is the first step in increasing emotional intelligence?A. Labeling situations or other people.B. Expressing thoughts with feeling words.C. Saying things like “I feel angry” instead of “This is a ridiculous situation”.D. Taking responsibility for others’ feelings.2. How do we express thoughts in terms of language?A. Saying “I feel like” or “I feel as if”.B. Using feeling words followed by an adjective.C. Asking ourselves questions about our feelings.D. Showing empathy and understanding.3. What is an important issue when using our feelings to make decisions?A. Respecting the feelings of others.B. Expressing thoughts with feeling words.C. Taking responsibility for others’ feelings.D. Showing empathy and understanding.4. How should we handle anger according to the passage?A. Turn it into energy and use it for productive actionB. Criticize, advise, control, or lecture othersC. Avoid people who invalidate usD. Spend less time with those who invalidate us and don’t let them affect us5. What should we do to get a positive value from our emotions?A. Criticize, advise, control, or lecture others.B. Avoid people who invalidate us.C. Ask ourselves how we feel and what could help us feel better.D. Spend less time with those who dismiss our feelings.u KEYTASK 1: 填空Read the passage. Then listen to the news and fill in the blanks with the information (words, phrases or sentences) you hear.Now let’s take a look at some ways in which we can increase the levels of our own (Q1) emotional intelligence so that employers will be fighting over us!The first step is to (Q2) label our own feelings rather than labelling situations or other people. We should say things like “I feel angry” instead of “This is a ridiculous situation”.Secondly, it is very important to (Q3) know the difference between a thought and a feeling. In terms of language, we express thoughts by saying “I feel like” or “I feel as if”, but for feelings we say “I feel” and then a feeling word, an adjective ― happy, angry, frustrated.Next ― and this is a crucial point ― we should (Q4) take more responsibility for our feelings. Instead of saying “You are making me jealous”, we ought to say “I feel jealous”.After this we need to learn (Q5) how to use our feelings to help us make decisions. Ask yourselves “How will I feel if I do this?” or “How will I feel if I don’t?” Another important issue here is respect. We have to respect the feelings of others. We should ask ourselves questions like “How will this person feel if I do this?”And of course it isn’t enough to just respect the feelings of others. We have to (Q6) show others that we care. We do this through empathy and understanding. And we should accept people’s feelings. They are just as valid as our own.Then we come to energy. We need to turn anger into energy and use it to take action ― productive action, that is.Finally, after getting used to understanding and analyzing our emotions, we should practice (Q7) getting a positive value from them. Ask yourselves “How do I feel and what could help me feel better?” and don’t forget those around you ― “How do you feel?” and “What would help you feel better?”To sum up, I am going to leave you with two pieces of advice. Don’t criticize, advise, control or lecture others. Just listen with (Q8) empathy and in a non-judgmental way.And what about people who invalidate you? Easy ― (Q9) avoid them. And when it isn’t possible to avoid them altogether, try to spend less time with them and don’t let them get to you.Follow this advice and I am sure that you will soon increase your EQ level. You will feel happier and more (Q10) positive and hopefully this will rub off on those around you.TASK 2: 选择Choose the best answer.1. What is the first step in increasing emotional intelligence?A. Labeling situations or other people.B. Expressing thoughts with feeling words.C. Saying things like “I feel angry” instead of “This is a ridiculous situation”.D. Taking responsibility for others’ feelings.【答案】C【解析】文章第二段提到的第一步是用自己的情感标签来描述自己的感受，而不是将情境或他人标签化。因此，选项C是正确答案，它与文章中的建议相符。2. How do we express thoughts in terms of language?A. Saying “I feel like” or “I feel as if”.B. Using feeling words followed by an adjective.C. Asking ourselves questions about our feelings.D. Showing empathy and understanding.【答案】A【解析】文章第三段中提到了在语言表达中，我们用“I feel like”或“I feel as if”来表示思想。因此，选项A是正确答案。3. What is an important issue when using our feelings to make decisions?A. Respecting the feelings of others.B. Expressing thoughts with feeling words.C. Taking responsibility for others’ feelings.D. Showing empathy and understanding.【答案】A【解析】文章第五段中提到了在使用自己的感觉来帮助做决策时，尊重他人的感受很重要。因此，选项A是正确答案。4. How should we handle anger according to the passage?A. Turn it into energy and use it for productive action.B. Criticize, advise, control, or lecture others.C. Avoid people who invalidate us.D. Spend less time with those who invalidate us and don’t let them affect us.【答案】A【解析】文章倒数第五段中提到了将愤怒转化为能量并将其用于积极的行动。因此，选项A是正确答案。5. What should we do to get a positive value from our emotions?A. Criticize, advise, control, or lecture others.B. Avoid people who invalidate us.C. Ask ourselves how we feel and what could help us feel better.D. Spend less time with those who dismiss our feelings.【答案】C【解析】文章倒数第四段中提到了从我们的情感中获取积极价值的方法是问自己感受如何以及什么可以帮助我们感觉更好。因此，选项C是正确答案。（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 越来越多的人靠ChatGPT出书赚稿酬

VOA慢速：越来越多的人靠ChatGPT出书赚稿酬刘立军 供稿u TRANSCRIPTA growing number of people are using ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence program, to create books for sale.Although sales have so far been slow, human writers are worried that ChatGPT-created books might hurt the writing and publishing industry.Until recently, Brett Schickler never imagined he could be a published author.But after learning about the ChatGPT artificial intelligence program, Schickler decided that he had a good chance.“The idea of writing a book finally seemed possible,” said Schickler, a salesman in Rochester, New York. “I thought ‘I can do this.’“Using the AI software, Schickler created a 30-page illustrated children’s e-book in a few hours.He offered it for sale in January through Amazon’s self-publishing section.The e-book, which is named The Wise Little Squirrel: A Tale of Saving and Investing, has made Schickler less than $100, he said.While that may not sound like much, it is enough to make him want to create other books using the software.“I could see people making a whole career out of this,” said Schickler.There were over 200 e-books in Amazon’s Kindle store as of mid-February that say ChatGPT is a writer or co-writer.And the number is rising daily.But due to the nature of ChatGPT and many writers’ failure to admit that they have used it, it is nearly impossible to get a full count of how many e-books may be written by AI.Some professional writers are becoming worried about the effects that ChatGPT could have on the book publishing industry.Mary Rasenberger is the executive director of the Authors Guild, a writer’s group.She said, “This is something we really need to be worried about, these books will flood the market and a lot of authors are going to be out of work.”Rasenberger noted that the industry has a long tradition of ghostwriting ― an accepted practice of paying someone to write books or speeches under another author’s name.But she is worried that the ability to create with AI could turn book writing from an art into a commodity ― a kind of simple raw material that is bought and sold.“There needs to be transparency from the authors and the platforms about how these books are created or you’re going to end up with a lot of low-quality books,” she said.When asked for comment by Reuters, Amazon did not say whether it has plans to change or look at policies around authors’ use of AI or other automated writing tools.Amazon spokeswoman Lindsay Hamilton said via email that books in the store must meet its guidelines regarding “intellectual property rights” and other laws.Amazon is by far the largest seller of both physical and e-books.It has well over half of the sales in the United States and, by some estimates, over 80 percent of the e-book market.In 2007, Amazon created Kindle Direct Publishing to enable anyone to sell and market a book without the expense of seeking out book agents or publishing houses.Generally, Amazon lets authors publish without any oversight.The company then splits whatever money is made with the writer.This service has drawn new AI-assisted writers like Kamil Banc to Amazon.He told his wife that he could make a book in less than one day.Using ChatGPT, an AI image creator and instructions like “write a bedtime story about a pink dolphin that teaches children how to be honest,” Banc published an illustrated 27-page book in December.Banc has since published two more AI-generated books, including an adult coloring book, with more in the works.“It actually is really simple,” he said, “I was surprised at how fast it went from concept to publishing.”Not everyone is impressed by the software.Mark Dawson, who has reportedly sold millions of copies of books he wrote himself through Kindle Direct Publishing, was quick to call ChatGPT-assisted novels “dull” in an email to Reuters.Dull means not interesting.Dawson said that merit ― a good quality that deserves to be praised ― is important in the book business.“Merit plays a part in how books are recommended to other readers. If a book gets bad reviews because the writing is dull then it’s quickly going to sink to the bottom.”I’m John Russell.u VOCABULARY1. ghostwrite n. to write a book, an article, etc., for another person who publishes it as their own work 代人写作；为人捉刀；代写2. transparency n. the quality of being easy to understand or know about 易懂；清楚；透明度3. oversight n. the state of being in charge of sb/sth 负责；照管uQUESTIONSTASK 1: 判断Read the statements. Then listen to the news and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Then correct the false statements.1. There are a growing number of people who are using ChatGPT to create and sell their own books.2. Human writers are concerned that ChatGPT-created books could hurt the writing and publishing industry.3. Using the AI software, Schickler was able to create a 13-page illustrated children’s e-book in a matter of hours.4. As of mid-February, there were more than 200 e-books in Amazon’s Kindle store that listed ChatGPT as an author or co-author.5. All professional writers are concerned about the impact that ChatGPT could have on the book publishing industry.6. Mary Rasenberger is concerned that the ability to create with artificial intelligence could turn the writing of books from an art into a commodity.7. When asked for comment by Reuters, Amazon said that it had some plans to change or review its policies on the use of AI by authors.8. For both physical and e-books, Amazon isn’t by far the largest seller.9. In general, Amazon allows authors to publish without any oversight whatsoever.10. Everyone is a fan of the ChatGPT software.TASK 2: 选择题Choose the best answer.1. What is ChatGPT?A. A book publisher.B. An artificial intelligence program.C. A book critic.D. A self-publishing website.2. How do human writers feel about ChatGPT-created books?A. They are excited to have new competition.B. They believe they will benefit from the program.C. They are concerned that the program will harm the writing and publishing industry.D. They think the program is a great way to make money.3. How did Brett Schickler feel about writing a book before he learned about ChatGPT?A. He believed it was impossible.B. He was excited to try.C. He was already a published author.D. He had never thought about it.4. What did Brett Schickler create using the AI software?A. A 30-page illustrated children’s e-book.B. A 100-page novel.C. A self-publishing website.D. An article about the writing industry.5. What is Mary Rasenberger worried about regarding the impact of ChatGPT on the book publishing industry?A. The inability to create quality books.B. A flood of books in the market.C. The rise of AI in the industry.D. A lack of transparency from authors and platforms.6. What is ghostwriting according to Mary Rasenberger?A. The process of selling books under another author’s name.B. The practice of hiring someone to write books under another author’s name.C. The art of turning book writing into a commodity.D. The act of buying and selling low-quality books.7. What is Amazon’s response to the question about its policies regarding authors’ use of AI or other automated writing tools?A. Amazon declined to comment on the matter.B. Amazon stated that it has no plans to change its policies.C. Amazon stated that it will investigate the use of AI in book writing.D. Amazon stated that it will require authors to disclose the use of AI in their books.8. What is Mark Dawson’s opinion about ChatGPT-assisted novels?A. He thinks they are interesting and exciting.B. He thinks they are innovative and creative.C. He thinks they are dull and lack merit.D. He thinks they are high-quality and deserving of praise.u KEYTASK 1: 判断Read the statements. Then listen to the news and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). Then correct the false statements.(T) 1. There are a growing number of people who are using ChatGPT to create and sell their own books.(T) 2. Human writers are concerned that ChatGPT-created books could hurt the writing and publishing industry.(F) 3. Using the AI software, Schickler was able to create a 13-page illustrated children’s e-book in a matter of hours.（正确表达）Using the AI software, Schickler was able to create a 30-page illustrated children’s e-book in a matter of hours.(T) 4. As of mid-February, there were more than 200 e-books in Amazon’s Kindle store that listed ChatGPT as an author or co-author.(F) 5. All professional writers are concerned about the impact that ChatGPT could have on the book publishing industry.（正确表达）Some professional writers are concerned about the impact that ChatGPT could have on the book publishing industry.(T) 6. Mary Rasenberger is concerned that the ability to create with artificial intelligence could turn the writing of books from an art into a commodity.(F) 7. When asked for comment by Reuters, Amazon said that it had some plans to change or review its policies on the use of AI by authors.（正确表达）When asked for comment by Reuters, Amazon did not say whether it had any plans to change or review its policies on the use of AI by authors.(F) 8. For both physical and e-books, Amazon isn’t by far the largest seller.（正确表达）For both physical and e-books, Amazon is by far the largest seller.(T) 9. In general, Amazon allows authors to publish without any oversight whatsoever.(F) 10. Everyone is a fan of the ChatGPT software.（正确表达）Not everyone is a fan of the ChatGPT software.TASK 2: 选择题Choose the best answer.1. What is ChatGPT?A. A book publisher.B. An artificial intelligence program.C. A book critic.D. A self-publishing website.【答案】B【解析】第一句提到ChatGPT是一种人工智能程序。2. How do human writers feel about ChatGPT-created books?A. They are excited to have new competition.B. They believe they will benefit from the program.C. They are concerned that the program will harm the writing and publishing industry.D. They think the program is a great way to make money.【答案】C【解析】第二句提到人类作家担心ChatGPT创作的书籍可能会损害写作和出版行业。3. How did Brett Schickler feel about writing a book before he learned about ChatGPT?A. He believed it was impossible.B. He was excited to try.C. He was already a published author.D. He had always thought about it.【答案】A【解析】第三句提到Brett Schickler以前从未想过自己能成为一名作家。4. What did Brett Schickler create using the AI software?A. A 30-page illustrated children’s e-book.B. A 100-page novel.C. A self-publishing website.D. An article about the writing industry.【答案】A【解析】第六句提到Brett Schickler使用AI软件创作了一本30页的儿童绘本。5. What is Mary Rasenberger worried about regarding the impact of ChatGPT on the book publishing industry?A. The inability to create quality books.B. A flood of books in the market.C. The rise of AI in the industry.D. A lack of transparency from authors and platforms.【答案】 B【解析】Mary Rasenberger担心ChatGPT可能对图书出版业产生影响，特别是书籍的大量增加。她认为，这些书籍将会充斥市场，导致许多作家失业。选项A、C、D在原文中并没有被提到。6. What is ghostwriting according to Mary Rasenberger?A. The process of selling books under another author’s name.B. The practice of hiring someone to write books or speeches under another author’s name.C. The art of turning book writing into a commodity.D. The act of buying and selling low-quality books.【答案】B【解析】在原文中，Mary Rasenberger提到了ghostwriting是一种为人所接受的做法，即雇佣他人代笔写稿或演讲辞，且使用另一位作者的名字。因此，选项B是正确的。选项A、C、D与原文描述不符。7. What is Amazon’s response to the question about its policies regarding authors’ use of AI or other automated writing tools?A. Amazon declined to comment on the matter.B. Amazon stated that it has no plans to change its policies.C. Amazon stated that it will investigate the use of AI in book writing.D. Amazon stated that it will require authors to disclose the use of AI in their books.【答案】A【解析】当被路透社要求发表评论时，亚马逊没有表示是否计划改变或审查关于作者使用AI或其他自动化写作工具的政策。因此，答案为A，即亚马逊拒绝就此事发表评论。8. What is Mark Dawson’s opinion about ChatGPT-assisted novels?A. He thinks they are interesting and exciting.B. He thinks they are innovative and creative.C. He thinks they are dull and lack merit.D. He thinks they are high-quality and deserving of praise.【答案】C【解析】马克·道森认为ChatGPT协助的小说“乏味”，并在给路透社的一封电子邮件中说道：“品质在书业中起着重要的作用。如果一本书因其乏味的写作而受到差评，那么它很快就会沉入谷底。”因此，答案为C，即马克·道森认为这些小说乏味且缺乏价值。（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

练习 | 公共健康的未来

公共健康的未来Future of health刘立军 供稿u TRANSCRIPTVismita Gupta-Smith2023 will mark the 75th year of WHO. While the world has achieved many public health milestones in these 75 years, in Science in 5 today we will take a look into the future. What are the innovations we can expect and what will be our biggest challenges? Hello and welcome to Science in 5. I am Vismita Gupta-Smith. We are talking to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan. Welcome, Soumya. Soumya, paint us a picture of what health for all will look like in the future.Dr. Soumya SwaminathanSo when I look 20, 25 years into the future Vismita, and I imagine a family living in a rural area in a village anywhere in the world, what I see is that this family has a proper house to live in, that the problem of air pollution has been handled so that people are breathing clean air, that the family uses renewable or clean sources of energy so that there's no more need to use solid fuel for their heating and cooking needs, that they have running water, safe water, as well as improved sanitation facilities that would have reduced the risks of infectious diseases.I imagine a community health worker living in that village or nearby who would know every family in the village and who would have the tools to deal with the common health problems that families face from children to the elderly. And it's not just about diagnosing and treating common diseases, but with much more of a focus on health promotion and preventive health care. So, for example, I imagine that people of all ages would receive vaccines, not just children; that there would be a regular screening program for things like high blood pressure, diabetes, as well as common cancers; that there would be attention to rehabilitation so that people who have had a stroke or have some kind of disabilities or people, in fact, who have aging related disorders like dementia actually have a place in the community where they can go, where they can get physiotherapy and rehabilitation, but also be able to spend quality time with other senior citizens.Preschool and a creche, again, would be in every village so that every newborn child with a working mother would have access to a facility where they get both physical care, but also cognitive stimulation and good nutrition. So I'm really imagining in the future that we have a much more holistic view towards a healthy life and well-being.Vismita Gupta-SmithSoumya what are the innovations we can expect which will help us achieve this goal of health for all?Dr. Soumya SwaminathanSo clearly that there will be many innovations, including ones that we cannot imagine just now. But I think of the existing technologies, I could say that a couple of them would play increasingly important roles. One of them is genomics, because we are getting a much better understanding now of the role of genomic technologies in prevention, but also in treatment of diseases and also in the area of pathogen surveillance so that we keep track of the bugs in our environment and are aware of the ones that may cause disease in the future.But also, we will have technologies like gene editing and the CRISPR Cas9 technologies that will make it more easy to do treatment of genetic diseases like sickle cell anaemia, for example.And I also see digital technologies expanding with more people having access to these tools, including healthcare workers. This will enable the latest information to reach people so that they can take better care of their health. But I can also see artificial intelligence algorithms helping doctors and health care workers in making diagnoses. I also imagine that we will have more vaccines, even for non-communicable diseases. Cancer vaccines, for example.Vismita Gupta-SmithSoumya, speak to us about the challenges. What would be our biggest challenges going forward?Dr. Soumya SwaminathanI think some of the bigger challenges are going to be in the areas of equity and ethics. Equity, because we've seen in the recent past that new technologies take a very long time to reach people in low income countries. And the world has to do better at providing equitable access to health products, which are essentially life saving products. Secondly, I think the area of ethics and the use of new scientific technologies, which are quite often a double edged sword, will become more important.And I hope that more debates in countries and the setting up of national bioethics committees will help to resolve this because Science will offer a lot of possibilities and new tools, but these have to be used wisely. And finally, I think that the whole area of misinformation, disinformation, mistrust in science needs to be handled. And I think the best way of doing that is by building scientific literacy, starting from schoolchildren.Vismita Gupta-SmithThank you. Soumya, that was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.u VOCABULARY1. milestone n. a very important stage or event in the development of sth. 重要事件；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑2. innovation n. the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing sth. （新事物、思想或方法的）创造；创新；改革。例如：an age of technological innovation技术革新的时代3. rehabilitation n. 修复4. stroke n. a sudden serious illness when a blood vessel (= tube) in the brain bursts or is blocked, which can cause death or the loss of the ability to move or to speak clearly 中风。例如：to have / suffer a stroke患中风5. dementia n. a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally 痴呆；精神错乱6. physiotherapy n. the treatment of disease, injury or weakness in the joints or muscles by exercises, massage and the use of light and heat 物理治疗法；理疗7. creche n. a place where babies and small children are taken care of while their parents are working, studying, shopping, etc. 日托托儿所8. working mother 在职母亲9. cognitive adj. connected with mental processes of understanding 认知的；感知的；认识的10. holistic adj. (medical 医) treating the whole person rather than just the symptoms (= effects) of a disease 功能整体性的。例如：holistic medicine整体医学11. well-being n. general health and happiness 健康；安乐；康乐。例如：emotional / physical / psychological well-being情绪 / 身体 / 心理健康12. genomics n. 基因组学13. pathogen surveillance 病原体监测14. sickle cell anaemia镰状细胞贫血15. algorithm n. (especially computing 计) a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem 算法；计算程序16. equitable adj. (formal) fair and reasonable; treating everyone in an equal way 公平合理的；公正的17. bioethics n. (technical 术语) the moral principles that influence research in medicine and biology 生物伦理学，生命伦理学（影响医学和生物学研究的道德准则）uQUESTIONSTASK 1: 填空Read the passage. Then listen to the news and fill in the blanks with the information (words, phrases or sentences) you hear.Vismita Gupta-Smith2023 will mark the 75th year of WHO. While the world has achieved many public health milestones in these 75 years, in Science in 5 today we will take a look into the future. What are the (Q1) ______ we can expect and what will be our biggest challenges? Hello and welcome to Science in 5. I am Vismita Gupta-Smith. We are talking to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan. Welcome, Soumya. Soumya, paint us a picture of what health for all will look like in the future.Dr. Soumya SwaminathanSo when I look 20, 25 years into the future Vismita, and I imagine a family living in a rural area in a village anywhere in the world, what I see is that this family has (Q2) _____________ to live in, that the problem of (Q3) _____________ has been handled so that people are breathing clean air, that the family uses (Q4) ____________________________________ so that there's no more need to use solid fuel for their heating and cooking needs, that they have running water, safe water, as well as (Q5) ___________________ that would have reduced the risks of infectious diseases.I imagine a community health worker living in that village or nearby who would know every family in the village and who would have the tools to deal with (Q6) ___________________ that families face from children to the elderly. And it's not just about diagnosing and treating common diseases, but with much more of a focus on (Q7) ____________________________________. So, for example, I imagine that people of all ages would receive vaccines, not just children; that there would be (Q8) ________________ for things like high blood pressure, diabetes, as well as common cancers; that there would be attention to rehabilitation so that people who have had a (Q9) ______________ or have some kind of disabilities or people, in fact, who have aging related disorders like dementia actually have a place in the community where they can go, where they can get physiotherapy and rehabilitation, but also be able to spend quality time with other senior citizens.Preschool and a creche, again, would be in every village so that every newborn child with a working mother would have access to a facility where they get both physical care, but also (Q10) __________. So I'm really imagining in the future that we have a much more holistic view towards (Q11) _________________________.Vismita Gupta-SmithSoumya what are the innovations we can expect which will help us achieve this goal of health for all?Dr. Soumya SwaminathanSo clearly that there will be many innovations, including ones that we cannot imagine just now. But I think of the existing technologies, I could say that a couple of them would play increasingly important roles. One of them is (Q12) ______________, because we are getting a much better understanding now of the role of genomic technologies in prevention, but also in treatment of diseases and also in the area of pathogen surveillance so that we keep track of the bugs in our environment and are aware of the ones that may cause disease in the future.But also, we will have technologies like (Q13) ________________ and the CRISPR Cas9 technologies that will make it more easy to do treatment of genetic diseases like sickle cell anaemia, for example.And I also see (Q14) ____________________ expanding with more people having access to these tools, including healthcare workers. This will enable the latest information to reach people so that they can take better care of their health. But I can also see (Q15) ____________________ algorithms helping doctors and health care workers in making diagnoses. I also imagine that we will have more (Q16) __________________, even for non-communicable diseases. Cancer vaccines, for example.Vismita Gupta-SmithSoumya, speak to us about the challenges. What would be our biggest challenges going forward?Dr. Soumya SwaminathanI think some of the bigger challenges are going to be in the areas of (Q17) _______________. Equity, because we've seen in the recent past that new technologies take a very long time to reach people in low income countries. And the world has to do better at providing equitable access to health products, which are essentially life saving products. Secondly, I think the area of (Q18) ___________________, which are quite often a double edged sword, will become more important.And I hope that more (Q19) ________________ in countries and the setting up of national bioethics committees will help to resolve this because Science will offer a lot of possibilities and new tools, but these have to be used wisely. And finally, I think that the whole area of misinformation, disinformation, mistrust in science needs to be handled. And I think the best way of doing that is by (Q20) ___________________________, starting from schoolchildren.Vismita Gupta-SmithThank you. Soumya, that was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.TASK 2: 选择Choose the best answer.1. According to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, which of the following technologies can play increasingly important roles in achieving the goal of health for all?A. Genomics and gene editing technologies.B. Digital technologies and artificial intelligence algorithms.C. Vaccines for non-communicable diseases.D. None of the above.2. What are the biggest challenges mentioned by Dr. Soumya Swaminathan going forward?A. Access to new technologies in low income countries.B. Equity and ethics.C. Setting up national bioethics committees.D. Building scientific literacy.u KEYTASK 1: 填空Read the passage. Then listen to the news and fill in the blanks with the information (words, phrases or sentences) you hear.Vismita Gupta-Smith2023 will mark the 75th year of WHO. While the world has achieved many public health milestones in these 75 years, in Science in 5 today we will take a look into the future. What are the (Q1) innovations we can expect and what will be our biggest challenges? Hello and welcome to Science in 5. I am Vismita Gupta-Smith. We are talking to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan. Welcome, Soumya. Soumya, paint us a picture of what health for all will look like in the future.Dr. Soumya SwaminathanSo when I look 20, 25 years into the future Vismita, and I imagine a family living in a rural area in a village anywhere in the world, what I see is that this family has (Q2) a proper house to live in, that the problem of (Q3) air pollution has been handled so that people are breathing clean air, that the family uses (Q4) renewable or clean sources of energy so that there's no more need to use solid fuel for their heating and cooking needs, that they have running water, safe water, as well as (Q5) improved sanitation facilities that would have reduced the risks of infectious diseases.I imagine a community health worker living in that village or nearby who would know every family in the village and who would have the tools to deal with (Q6) the common health problems that families face from children to the elderly. And it's not just about diagnosing and treating common diseases, but with much more of a focus on (Q7) health promotion and preventive health care. So, for example, I imagine that people of all ages would receive vaccines, not just children; that there would be (Q8) a regular screening program for things like high blood pressure, diabetes, as well as common cancers; that there would be attention to rehabilitation so that people who have had a (Q9) stroke or have some kind of disabilities or people, in fact, who have aging related disorders like dementia actually have a place in the community where they can go, where they can get physiotherapy and rehabilitation, but also be able to spend quality time with other senior citizens.Preschool and a creche, again, would be in every village so that every newborn child with a working mother would have access to a facility where they get both physical care, but also (Q10) cognitive stimulation and good nutrition. So I'm really imagining in the future that we have a much more holistic view towards (Q11) a healthy life and well-being.Vismita Gupta-SmithSoumya what are the innovations we can expect which will help us achieve this goal of health for all?Dr. Soumya SwaminathanSo clearly that there will be many innovations, including ones that we cannot imagine just now. But I think of the existing technologies, I could say that a couple of them would play increasingly important roles. One of them is (Q12) genomics, because we are getting a much better understanding now of the role of genomic technologies in prevention, but also in treatment of diseases and also in the area of pathogen surveillance so that we keep track of the bugs in our environment and are aware of the ones that may cause disease in the future.But also, we will have technologies like (Q13) gene editing and the CRISPR Cas9 technologies that will make it more easy to do treatment of genetic diseases like sickle cell anaemia, for example.And I also see (Q14) digital technologies expanding with more people having access to these tools, including healthcare workers. This will enable the latest information to reach people so that they can take better care of their health. But I can also see (Q15) artificial intelligence algorithms helping doctors and health care workers in making diagnoses. I also imagine that we will have more (Q16) vaccines, even for non-communicable diseases. Cancer vaccines, for example.Vismita Gupta-SmithSoumya, speak to us about the challenges. What would be our biggest challenges going forward?Dr. Soumya SwaminathanI think some of the bigger challenges are going to be in the areas of (Q17) equity and ethics. Equity, because we've seen in the recent past that new technologies take a very long time to reach people in low income countries. And the world has to do better at providing equitable access to health products, which are essentially life saving products. Secondly, I think the area of (Q18) ethics and the use of new scientific technologies, which are quite often a double edged sword, will become more important.And I hope that more (Q19) debates in countries and the setting up of national bioethics committees will help to resolve this because Science will offer a lot of possibilities and new tools, but these have to be used wisely. And finally, I think that the whole area of misinformation, disinformation, mistrust in science needs to be handled. And I think the best way of doing that is by (Q20) building scientific literacy, starting from schoolchildren.Vismita Gupta-SmithThank you. Soumya, that was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.TASK 2: 选择Choose the best answer.1. According to Dr. Soumya Swaminathan, which of the following technologies can play increasingly important roles in achieving the goal of health for all?A. Genomics and gene editing technologies.B. Digital technologies and artificial intelligence algorithms.C. Vaccines for non-communicable diseases.D. None of the above.【答案】A【解析】根据原文中提到的Dr. Soumya Swaminathan的观点，基因组学和基因编辑技术在实现全民健康目标中将发挥越来越重要的作用。因此，答案选项A “基因组学和基因编辑技术” 是正确答案。选项B “数字技术和人工智能算法” 和选项C “非传染性疾病的疫苗” 并未在原文中提及，选项D “以上都不是” 不符合原文内容。2. What are the biggest challenges mentioned by Dr. Soumya Swaminathan going forward?A. Access to new technologies in low income countries.B. Equity and ethics.C. Setting up national bioethics committees.D. Building scientific literacy.【答案】B【解析】根据原文中Dr. Soumya Swaminathan的观点，未来面临的最大挑战是公平和伦理。新技术在低收入国家中传播较慢，需要更好地提供平等的健康产品。此外，新科学技术的伦理问题也变得越来越重要，因为它们往往是一把双刃剑。因此，答案选项B “公平和伦理” 是正确答案。选项A “低收入国家中的新技术应用”、选项C “设置国家生物伦理委员会” 和选项D “建立科学素养” 都是原文中提到的具体挑战。（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

翻译专业本科生系列教材：翻译技术基础教程 第七章 Video 第七章5.4.2 创建项目翻译记忆库

中等职业学校公共基础课程 英语 基础模块 第1册 Unit 7 TOP课件