全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

新闻听力 | 澳大利亚计划禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体

澳大利亚计划禁止16岁以下儿童使用社交媒体Australia Plans Social Media Ban for Children under 16慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 593词 | 6min16s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main purpose of the new bill introduced by the Australian Parliament?A. To ban social media for children under 16.B. To promote social media use among children.C. To increase social media engagement.D. To support social media companies financially.Q2. What is Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s main concern regarding social media?A. The economic impact of social media.B. The safety of children online.C. The popularity of social media platforms.D. The technological advancements in social media.Q3. What is Antigone Davis’s position regarding the age limit proposal?A. She opposes the age limit completely.B. She believes social media should be banned for everyone.C. She supports respecting the government’s age limits.D. She thinks social media is not harmful to children.Q4. What is the main idea of the opposition to the social media age limit?A. The ban will improve children’s mental health.B. The age limit will enhance digital literacy.C. The age limit will increase online harm.D. The ban is not an effective way to address social media risks.Q5. Why does child psychologist Philip Tam believe enforcing a ban for children under 16 might be challenging?A. Children under 16 do not use social media.B. The problem might be driven underground.C. The technology to enforce the ban does not exist.D. Parents will not support the ban.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAustralia Plans Social Media Ban for Children under 16The Australian government recently announced plans to ban the use of social media by children under the age of 16.Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said, “Social media is doing harm to our kids.” He added that now is the time for the government to intervene.The country’s Parliament will introduce a new bill during the final two weeks of its meeting starting on November 18. (Q1) The bill will set an age limit of 16 for children to use social media and make the services responsible for enforcement.parliament n. 议会，国会enforcement v. 执行，实施Albanese told reporters that the age limit would take effect 12 months after the bill is passed. And social media services, including X, TikTok, Instagram and Facebook, would need to use the year to work out how to put age controls in place.(Q2) “I’ve spoken to thousands of parents, grandparents, aunties and uncles. They, like me, are worried sick about the safety of our kids online,” Albanese said.be worried sick 非常担心The proposal comes at a time when governments around the world are considering ways to control how young people use smartphones and social media.Under the Australian proposal, social media companies would face penalties for violating the age limit. However, under-age children and their parents would not face penalties.(Q3) Antigone Davis is the head of safety at Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram. Davis said the company would respect any age limits the government wants to put in place. She added that officials need to discuss the ways social media can make the age limit happen. She suggested that stronger tools in app stores and computer systems for parents could be a “simple and effective solution.”effective adj. 有效的X did not immediately answer a request from The Associated Press (AP) for comment. TikTok said it would not offer a comment to the AP.Some groups oppose the age limitMore than 140 experts in fields related to technology and children signed an open letter to Albanese last month opposing a social media age limit. (Q4) The letter said a ban would not be an effective way to deal with the risks of social media use.Sunita Bose is a director at the Digital Industry Group in Australia. Bose said in a statement, “Rather than blocking access through bans, we need to take a balanced approach to create age-appropriate spaces, build digital literacy and protect young people from online harm.”literacy n. 读写能力，文化水平Jackie Hallan is a director at the youth mental health service ReachOut. She also opposed the ban. She noted that 73 percent of young people across Australia seeking mental health support get it through social media. She added that young people are likely to find ways to use social media even with a ban in place.Child psychologist Philip Tam said it would have been easier to enforce the ban for children under the age of 12 or 13. (Q5) Tam said, “My real fear honestly is that the problem of social media will simply be driven underground.”Prime Minister Albanese said there would be rules to permit social media use in some situations, such as a need to connect with educational services.Earlier this year, the government began testing age-restriction technologies among a group of users. Officials will use the test results to guide what reasonable steps social media services can take.Lawmaker Paul Fletcher said the services already have the technology to enforce such an age ban. He added that if the law for controlling social media use is well written, Australia can get the results it wants.Part III. KEYQ1. A. 细节题。题目出处为：The bill will set an age limit of 16 for children to use social media and make the services responsible for enforcement. 意为：“该法案将设定16岁的年龄限制，禁止16岁以下的儿童使用社交媒体，并要求这些服务提供商负责执行这一规定。”因此答案是A。Q2. B. 细节题。题目出处为：I’ve spoken to thousands of parents, grandparents, aunties and uncles. They, like me, are worried sick about the safety of our kids online,’ Albanese said. 意为：“我和成千上万的父母、祖父母、叔叔和阿姨交谈过。他们和我一样，非常担心孩子们在网络上的安全问题，”阿尔巴尼斯说。因此答案是B。Q3. C. 细节题。题目出处为：Antigone Davi... said the company would respect any age limits the government wants to put in place. 意为：安提戈涅·戴维斯……说公司会尊重政府决定实施的任何年龄限制。因此答案是C。Q4. D. 主旨题。题目出处为：The letter said a ban would not be an effective way to deal with the risks of social media use. 意为：这封信表示，禁止使用社交媒体并不是应对社交媒体风险的有效方法。因此答案是D。Q5. B. 推理题。题目出处为：Tam said, ‘My real fear honestly is that the problem of social media will simply be driven underground.’ 意为：Tam说，“我真正担心的是，社交媒体的问题将被直接转入地下（以更隐蔽的形式存在）。”因此答案是B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | DeepSeek AI 是什么？为何如今备受瞩目？

What is DeepSeek AI and Why is it Gaining Attention?DeepSeek AI 是什么？为何如今备受瞩目？词汇：六级| 句法：六级| 文本：六级刘立军供稿Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve rapidly, and a new AI model called DeepSeek is attracting significant global interest. Developed in China, DeepSeek has recently become the most downloaded AI app in the United States, even surpassing OpenAI’s ChatGPT. But what makes DeepSeek so popular, and how does it compare to other AI models? 人工智能（AI）持续快速进化，一款名为DeepSeek的新AI模型正在吸引全球的大量关注。这款在中国开发的DeepSeek最近成为了美国下载量最高的AI应用程序，甚至超过了OpenAI的ChatGPT。但是，是什么让DeepSeek如此火爆？它与其他AI模型相比有何不同？What is DeepSeek AI? 什么是DeepSeek AI？DeepSeek is an advanced AI model designed to generate human-like text and assist users with tasks such as answering questions, creating content, and solving problems. Like ChatGPT, it is built using machine learning techniques and large datasets. DeepSeek is available for free, with additional paid options for businesses. DeepSeek是一款先进的AI模型，旨在生成类似人类的文本，并帮助用户完成回答问题、创建内容和解决问题等任务。与ChatGPT一样，它是使用机器学习技术和大型数据集构建的。DeepSeek免费提供给用户，同时为企业用户提供付费选项。Although the exact details of DeepSeek’s technology are not fully disclosed, it is believed to focus on improving efficiency, accuracy, and contextual understanding in conversations. Some users have reported that DeepSeek processes queries faster and provides more precise responses than ChatGPT. 尽管DeepSeek的技术细节尚未完全公开，但它专注于提升对话中的效率、准确性和上下文理解能力。一些用户反馈称，DeepSeek处理查询的速度更快，并且相比ChatGPT能够提供更精确的回答。Why is DeepSeek Gaining Popularity? 为什么DeepSeek越来越受欢迎？Several factors contribute to DeepSeek’s rising popularity: 有几个因素促成了DeepSeek的日益流行：1. Advanced Performance: Users claim that DeepSeek provides more accurate responses and handles complex queries effectively. 先进性能：用户声称DeepSeek提供了更为准确的回答，并能有效处理复杂查询。2. Industry Specialization: Unlike general-purpose AI models, DeepSeek may be fine-tuned for specific fields such as healthcare, finance, and creative writing. 行业专业化：不同于通用型AI模型，DeepSeek可能针对医疗、金融和创意写作等特定领域进行了优化。3. Competition in AI Technology: As AI development becomes more competitive, new models like DeepSeek attract attention for their potential improvements over existing systems. AI技术竞争：随着AI发展的竞争加剧，像DeepSeek这样的新模型因其对现有系统的潜在改进而受到关注。4. Ethical and Safety Features: AI users are increasingly concerned about bias, privacy, and security. If DeepSeek prioritizes these aspects, it may appeal to a broader audience. 伦理与安全特性：AI用户越来越关心偏见、隐私和安全问题。如果DeepSeek重视这些方面，它会吸引更广泛的用户群。5. Free Access: DeepSeek offers a free-to-use version, making it accessible to a larger number of users. 免费访问：DeepSeek提供免费使用的版本，使更多的用户能够访问。How Does DeepSeek Compare to ChatGPT? DeepSeek与ChatGPT相比有何不同？While both DeepSeek and ChatGPT are powerful AI models, there are key differences: 虽然DeepSeek和ChatGPT都是强大的AI模型，但它们之间存在关键差异：1. Privacy and Data Security: DeepSeek is based in China and stores user data on Chinese servers. In contrast, ChatGPT is developed by OpenAI, based in the United States. 隐私与数据安全：DeepSeek位于中国，将用户数据存储在中国服务器上。相比之下，ChatGPT由位于美国的OpenAI开发。2. Training Data and Focus: DeepSeek may use specialized datasets for specific industries, whereas ChatGPT is trained on a broader range of internet content. 训练数据与焦点：DeepSeek可能使用特定行业的专业数据集进行训练，而ChatGPT则是基于更广泛的互联网内容进行训练。3. Processing Speed: Some reports suggest DeepSeek operates faster and requires less computing power than ChatGPT. 处理速度：一些报告显示DeepSeek运行速度更快，所需计算能力低于ChatGPT。4. Censorship and Content Restrictions: DeepSeek reportedly avoids discussing sensitive political topics, reflecting China’s internet regulations. 审查与内容限制：据报道，DeepSeek避免讨论敏感的政治话题，这反映了中国的互联网法规。Conclusion 结论DeepSeek represents the next generation of AI models, offering innovative features and strong competition to existing systems like ChatGPT. However, concerns about privacy, security, and reliability mean that users should carefully consider the risks before using the platform. As AI technology continues to advance, the competition between different models will shape the future of artificial intelligence. DeepSeek代表了下一代AI模型，提供了创新功能，并对现有的系统如ChatGPT构成了强有力的竞争。然而，对其隐私、安全性和可靠性方面的担忧依然存在，这意味着用户在使用该平台前应该仔细考虑相关风险。随着AI技术的不断进步，不同模型之间的竞争将塑造人工智能的未来。 【词汇】1. intelligence n. 智力，智慧；人工智能 2. effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 3. ethical adj. 道德的，伦理的 4. privacy n. 隐私，私密性 5. innovative adj. 创新的，革新的 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 借助习惯叠加，迈向健康生活

VOA慢速：借助习惯叠加，迈向健康生活Use Habit Stacking to Help Get Healthy慢速 | 高考 偏难| 535词 | 5min13s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What activity did Lindsay Kee initially add to her routine to foster a habit of exercise?A. Jumping jacks after each walk.B. Standing stretches before her dog walks.C. High-intensity interval training sessions.D. Cycling to various destinations.Q2. According to the passage, what is the essence of habit stacking?A. Creating entirely new routines.B. Focusing on replacing old habits with new ones.C. Attaching a new habit to an existing daily activity.D. Making drastic changes in one’s lifestyle.Q3. How does Dana Santas apply habit stacking in her personal health care routine?A. She does push-ups before every shower.B. She does waist exercises while brushing her teeth.C. She takes her vitamins next to the coffee machine.D. She integrates strength training into her work schedule.Q4. What recommendation does the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention make for weekly physical activity?A. Engaging in 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity.B. Participating in at least two hours of daily exercise for all adults.C. Combining strength training with flexibility exercises.D. Ensuring a minimum of 30 minutes of exercise each day.Q5. What strategy does Gretchen Rubin use to reinforce a “shaky” habit by linking it with a “strong” habit?A. She only allows herself to shower after exercising.B. She must listen to a podcast while exercising on a running machine.C. She places her vitamins next to the coffee machine.D. She integrates her exercise routine with her daily walk.Part II. TRANSCRIPTUse Habit Stacking to Help Get HealthyA woman in Portland, Oregon started her daily exercise habit with one activity — walking her dog. Lindsay Kee then added movements to this daily activity. (Q1) Before leaving on the walk, she did some standing stretches. On her return, she did other exercises such as jumping jacks.jumping jacks 开合跳Over time, Kee added more exercises around the dog walk. She said adding exercises to an existing activity took the pressure off of creating a whole new daily exercise. And now more than a year later, she consistently exercises around the dog walk.Kee said, “I’ve found it to be really effective in helping me be consistent with things that I really want to do.”What Kee did is called habit stacking. Writer S.J. Scott created this term for his 2014 book of the same name. (Q2) The idea behind habit stacking is to attach something you want to start doing to something you already do every day.habit stacking 习惯叠加A common example is flossing your teeth after brushing them. However, you can use habit stacking in many areas of your daily life. Kee, for example, places her vitamins next to the coffee machine. This helps her remember to take them every morning.Exercise experts say habit stacking is especially helpful if you are trying to increase exercise time.Dana Santas is a movement expert who has trained more than 50 professional sports teams. She combines exercise habits with personal health care. (Q3) For example, Santas does push-ups before every shower. And she does leg exercises while brushing her teeth. She says that her electric toothbrush makes a sound every 30 seconds to remind her to brush different teeth. But she uses the reminder to change her exercises. “It’s perfect,” she added.push-up n. 俯卧撑Two minutes of exercise may not get you in shape. But experts say, every little bit helps. (Q4) Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest getting 150 minutes of moderate activity, like a fast walk, every week. Or you could also get 75 minutes of very energetic activity, like jogging, every week. The health experts also suggest two days a week of strength training.moderate adj. 适度的，中等强度的Most people find keeping new habits difficult. And while habit stacking is not a perfect solution, it does help with one barrier — decision-making.Gretchen Rubin is the writer of Better Than Before: Mastering the Habits of Our Everyday Lives. She said habit stacking is one of the best ways to start and keep new habits. The technique helps to remove the barrier of deciding when or if to do something.Rubin shared a story of her college days. To help her stay active, she would only shower if she had exercised that day.She suggested combining the new, or what she calls “shaky” behavior with something you have to do or deeply want to do.(Q5) “So you have to do the shaky habit before you get to the strong habit,” Rubin said. (Q5) If she wants to listen to a podcast, her strong habit, she must do it while exercising on a running machine. For her, this will strengthen her shaky habit.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：Before leaving on the walk, she did some standing stretches. 意为：在开始遛狗前，她会做一些站立伸展运动。这表明Kee最初通过在遛狗前做站立伸展运动来培养锻炼的习惯。因此答案是B。Q2. C. 主旨题。题目出处为：The idea behind habit stacking is to attach something you want to start doing to something you already do every day. 意为：习惯叠加背后的理念在于，将你想要开始做的事与你每天已经在做的事联系起来。因此答案是C。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为：For example, Santas does push-ups before every shower. 意为：例如，Santas在每次淋浴前做俯卧撑。因此答案是A。Q4. A.细节题。题目出处为：Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest getting 150 minutes of moderate activity, like a fast walk, every week. Or you could also get 75 minutes of very energetic activity, like jogging, every week. 意为：美国疾病控制与预防中心的专家建议每周进行150分钟的中等强度活动，如快走；或者每周进行75分钟的高强度活动，如慢跑。因此答案是A。Q5. B. 细节题。题目出处为：If she (Rubin) wants to listen to a podcast, her strong habit, she must do it while exercising on a running machine. 意为：如果她想听播客——这是她常有的习惯，她必须在跑步机上锻炼时听。因此答案是B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 语言和传统是民族认同的核心

语言和传统是民族认同的核心Report: Language, Traditions Central to National Identity慢速 | 四级 高考 | 864词 | 9min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Based on the text, which of the following statements best reflects the views of those who participated in the Pew Research Center’s study?A. National identity is predominantly shaped by one’s language and traditions.B. Birthplace and religion have a negligible impact on national identity.C. National identity is a uniform concept across different cultures and societies.D.The importance of language and traditions to national identity is contested and varies by country.Q2. According to the text, which specific aspect of national identity do respondents from Mexico and Indonesia agree is central to being considered a true national, with a 91 percent consensus?A. Language proficiency.B. Shared customs and traditions.C. Birthplace significance.D. Adherence to the main religion.Q3. What does Janzen’s perspective on being Canadian imply about the national identity of Canada?A. It is primarily defined by speaking one of the official languages.B. It is inclusive and not strictly tied to any single criterion.C. It is strongly associated with being born within the country’s borders.D. It is mainly reflected through participation in the country’s customs and traditions.Q4. What is the implication of the Pew Research Center’s study findings on national identity for countries with a higher proportion of immigrants?A. They tend to prioritize language proficiency over birthplace for national identity.B. They are less likely to consider shared customs and traditions as important.C. They view religion as the most critical aspect of national identity.D. They believe that being born in the country is less important for national identity.Q5. How does the text suggest that the concept of national identity varies among individuals and countries?A. By showing that language and traditions are universally accepted as the core of national identity.B. By highlighting the uniform importance of birthplace and religion across all surveyed countries.C. By demonstrating the diverse opinions on the importance of language, birthplace, and religion.D. By indicating that shared customs and traditions are consistently valued over other aspects.Part II. TRANSCRIPTReport: Language, Traditions Central to National IdentityLuciana de Oliveira considers herself transnational. That means she is more than one nationality. de Oliveira grew up in Brazil, but she moved to the United States for her studies. She became a U.S. citizen in 2017.transnational adj. 跨国的；多国的de Oliveira has some strong feelings about national identity. She believes speaking a country’s majority language is a very important part of one’s national identity. de Oliveira speaks both Portuguese and English.A new study found that most people around the world share those feelings about language and national identity.The Pew Research Center carried out the study and released the results last month. Pew’s study centered on people’s ideas about national identity. It included answers from people in more than 20 countries.(Q1) Pew researchers asked study participants about four aspects, or parts, of national identity: language, traditions, birthplace and religion. They found that language is by far the most valued aspect of national identity.In fact, a median of 91 percent of people across 21 countries said that speaking a country’s most common language is “important for being considered a true national.”Traditions and customs are also key to national identity, the study found. Beliefs about the other two aspects – birthplace and religion – were more divided.VOA Learning English spoke with several people who live in countries that were included in the study. Among them is Jorge Catalan. He has lived in Mexico most of his life. The Pew study found that 93 percent of respondents from Mexico said that speaking the country’s main language – Spanish – is important to national identity.Catalan said he agrees that speaking Spanish is very important. But he added that it is regrettable.He said, “Mexico is a place where we have around 68 spoken languages besides Spanish.” He noted that the government has pushed Spanish as the main language throughout history and has turned it into a “must-have tool.”Agatha Janzen was born and raised in Canada. Pew researchers found that more than 80 percent of Canadians say that speaking the country’s language is important to national identity. In Canada, both French and English are official languages.Janzen said that “speaking one of the official languages is important to being Canadian for practical reasons.”(Q1) Traditions and customs are also a central aspect of national identity, the study found. Results showed 81 percent of people believe sharing their country’s customs and traditions is somewhat or very important to national identity.The Pew study found that 67 percent of Brazilians consider practicing customs and traditions an important part of national identity. That is the fourth lowest percentage of all the countries included in the study.But customs and traditions are important to de Oliveira. To feel closer to her Brazilian identity, she said she wears jewelry and shoes from Brazil and follows and supports Brazilian soccer.Mexico is tied with the highest percentage of respondents who answered that customs and traditions are an important aspect of national identity. But for Catalan, they are not so important. He noted that Mexican traditions have changed over time. He added that he does not take part in many Mexican traditions, “but I still feel proudly Mexican.”Beliefs about the two other aspects of national identity – birthplace and religion – were more mixed. A median of 58 percent of respondents from 23 countries said that being born in a country is important to national identity. An even lower number of respondents – 42 percent – said that being a member of the country’s main religion is important to national identity.(Q2) Respondents from Mexico and Indonesia had the strongest feelings about the importance of birthplace as central to national identity, at 91 percent.Calatan, who was born and lived most of his life in Mexico, agrees somewhat. “If you are born outside of Mexico and never lived in it, it would be difficult to get a real sense of what being Mexican means.”(Q3) But Janzen, the Canadian, said, “Being born in Canada has nothing to do with being Canadian.” For her, Canada is a melting pot and offers refuge to those who need it.refuge n. 庇护；避难These ideas match the results of the study. Countries where immigrants make up a smaller share of the population tend to see birthplace as a more important aspect of national identity. (Q4) Countries with a greater share of immigrants are more willing to accept those born outside of the country as true nationals.Less than half of people in most of the countries in the study do not feel religion is important to national identity. All of those who spoke with Learning English said they agreed that religion is not an important part of national identity.Christine Huang is a research associate at the Pew Research Center. She is one of the writers of the study. She told Learning English, “This question of belonging in a country is related to other work we have done to measure how connected people feel to each other.”Huang added, “When looking at how people relate to others in their community, in their country, and all over the world, people most frequently report feeling close to others in their country.”|Part III. KEYQ1. A. 主旨题。文本中提到：“Pew researchers asked study participants about four aspects, or parts, of national identity: language, traditions, birthplace and religion. They found that language is by far the most valued aspect of national identity.” 以及“Traditions and customs are also a central aspect of national identity, the study found.”这表明研究参与者普遍认为语言和传统是民族身份最重要的部分，所以民族身份主要由一个人的语言和传统塑造。因此答案为A。Q2. C. 细节题。文本中提到：“Respondents from Mexico and Indonesia had the strongest feelings about the importance of birthplace as central to national identity, at 91 percent.” 这表明墨西哥和印度尼西亚的受访者中有91%的人认为出生地对于民族身份认同至关重要。因此答案为C。Q3. B. 推理题。Janzen表示：“Being born in Canada has nothing to do with being Canadian. For her, Canada is a melting pot and offers refuge to those who need it.” 这表明 Janzen 认为出生在加拿大与成为加拿大人无关，加拿大是一个大熔炉，为需要的人提供庇护，这意味着加拿大的民族身份认同是包容性的，不严格依赖于任何单一标准，如出生地或语言。因此答案为B。Q4. D. 推理题。文本中提到：“Countries with a greater share of immigrants are more willing to accept those born outside of the country as true nationals.” 这意味着拥有更多移民的国家更愿意接受在外国出生的人作为真正的国民，可推测出他们认为出生地对于国家身份认同不那么重要。因此答案为D。Q5. C. 主旨题。文本通过展示不同国家和个体对于语言、出生地和宗教在民族身份中重要性的不同看法，表明民族身份的概念在不同人群和国家之间存在差异。特别是对于出生地和宗教的看法更为混合，这表明民族身份的构成因素在不同文化和个体中有着不同的解读。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 美大学运动员将获薪

VOA慢速：美大学运动员将获薪US College Athletes May Soon Get Paid慢速| 四级 | 高考 | 6min7s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the role of the NCAA according to the text?A. It represents the interests of college athletes in legal cases.B. It is the organization that runs college sports in the United States.C. It is a group of schools that share television revenue.D. It is a federal agency that regulates education in the U.S.Q2. Why did the legal files argue against the NCAA and the conferences over the past 10 years?A. Because they were preventing athletes from joining labor unions.B. Because they claimed the athletes were not receiving fair compensation.C. Because the athletes were being treated as school employees.D. Because the athletes were being denied the right to vote on union matters.Q3. What does the settlement imply for the future status of student-athletes if approved?A. They will be considered employees of their schools.B. They will receive a one-time payment of $2.8 billion.C. They will be able to negotiate their contracts like professional athletes.D. They will be prohibited from receiving payments from outside groups.Q4. What is the main concern of the union representing the Dartmouth basketball players?A. The athletes should be allowed to receive payments from schools.B. The agreement does not clarify if student-athletes are considered employees.C. The settlement does not address the issue of equal pay for women.D. The NCAA should not be involved in the negotiation process.Q5. What is the potential impact of the settlement on less profitable sports, according to Tim Walton?A. They might receive a smaller share of the settlement funds.B. They will be dropped by the schools due to financial constraints.C. They will benefit equally from the new payment structure.D. They will be able to negotiate better contracts with the schools.Part II. TRANSCRIPTUS College Athletes May Soon Get PaidThe National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the five biggest college sports conferences recently agreed to pay almost $2.8 billion to settle claims from college athletes.collegiate adj. 大学的；学院的；大学生的(Q1) The NCAA is the organization that runs college sports in the United States. It oversees about 500,000 college athletes from some 1,100 schools.The claims came up over the past 10 years. (Q2) The legal files argued that the NCAA and the conferences prevented college athletes from making money while playing sports for the schools.The greement calls for the NCAA and the conferences to pay $2.77 billion over 10 years to more than 14,000 former and current college athletes.The settlement still needs approval from a U.S. federal judge and different parties to the legal case. (Q3) If it is approved, students who play sports for their colleges will be permitted to be paid, like professional athletes, directly by the schools.Under current NCAA rules, college athletes, also known as student-athletes, can only receive payments from outside groups that use their names, images, and likenesses in commercial efforts, such as advertisements.In a statement, NCAA President Charlie Baker and the school representatives said the agreement was “an important step in the continuing reform of college sports.”Steve Berman, a leading lawyer in the cases, said with the settlement, “college athletes are finally able to receive a fair share of the billions of dollars of revenue that they generate for their schools.”Ramogi Huma, a strong supporter of college athlete’ rights, played football at the University of California, Los Angeles in the 1990s. He called the decision “groundbreaking”, adding that “there’s no going back from there.”More questions remainAlthough the decision provides a reason for celebration for some current and former students, it leaves more questions for others.Earlier in 2024, members of Dartmouth College’s basketball team voted to join a labor organization, called a union. The move means that the student-athletes on the team could have the right to negotiate a working contract like other university employees.Chris Peck is the leader of the union that represents the Dartmouth basketball players. He criticized the decision to settle by calling it “a workaround.”(Q4) Peck noted that the agreement, calling for universities to share money from television deals and ticket sales with athletes, does not answer whether students who play sports are school employees. The union wants a clear answer. Are students who play sports employees? Or, are they more like those who participate in non-study activities like singing in a group?Dartmouth has yet to accept the students’ union vote. And the NCAA is asking the U.S. Congress to step in and say student-athletes are not employees.Tim Walton coaches the women’s softball team at the University of Florida. The school belongs to one of the large conferences that will have to pay millions of dollars into the settlement.softball n. 垒球 (Q5) Walton wants to know what will happen to sports like women’s softball that do not bring in money like men’s football or basketball. He asked: “Are they dropping programs? Are they dropping sports?”In addition, there is a law in the U.S. known as Title IX that requires women and men to have equal rights in education. Does the law require female student-athletes to get paid like men?Michael LeRoy is a sports law professor at the University of Illinois. He said there will be a concern if “women get short-changed.”Christina Stylianou is a sports lawyer in New York. She and LeRoy both said regular payments from universities to students will make it easier for the students to argue that they are indeed employees.LeRoy said the NCAA would like to be able to pay student-athletes but not consider them employees. That, he noted, would mean the NCAA “is going to be treated differently than any other business in America. You cannot have separate pay.”But one college softball player, Tiare Jennings of the University of Oklahoma, did not seem too concerned about the legal questions. She was celebrating the fact that she might have some money saved after college.She said it will be nice for players to know they have money to, in her words, “kick-start your life.”kick-start v. 促使……开始；使（项目）尽快启动I’m Dan Friedell. And I’m Jill Robbins.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。根据：“The NCAA is the organization that runs college sports in the United States.”可知，NCAA在美国管理大学体育的组织，所以答案是B。Q2. B. 细节题。根据：“The legal files argued that the NCAA and the conferences prevented college athletes from making money while playing sports for the schools.” 意为：“法律文件认为NCAA和会议阻止了大学生运动员在为学校参加体育活动时赚钱。”也就是说运动员没有得到公平的补偿，因此答案是B。Q3. A. 推理题。根据：“...students who play sports for their colleges will be permitted to be paid, like professional athletes, directly by the schools.” 意为：“如果获得批准，为大学参加体育活动的学生将被允许像职业运动员一样直接从学校获得报酬。”可以推断，和解协议意味着如果获得批准，学生运动员可能会被视为学校的雇员，因此答案是A。Q4. B. 细节题。根据：“Peck noted that the agreement...does not answer whether students who play sports are school employees.” 可知，工会主要关心的问题是学生运动员是否被视为雇员，因此答案是B。Q5. D. 推理题。根据：“Walton wants to know what will happen to sports like women’s softball that do not bring in money like men’s football or basketball.” 意为：“Walton想知道像女子垒球这样不像男子足球或篮球那样赚钱的运动会发生什么。”可知，Tim Walton 担心像女子垒球这样不赚钱的运动项目可能会因为学校财务压力而被取消，因此答案是D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 长新冠

长新冠What Is Long COVID?常速 | 四级 | 878词 | 5min1s刘立军 供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are some of the main symptoms experienced by typical Long COVID patients, according to Dr. Jamie Rylance?A. Difficulty in walking and hearing loss.B. Fatigue, brain fog, and shortness of breath.C. High fever and loss of appetite.D. Muscle aches and joint pain.Q2. What does Dr. Rylance say about the underlying causes of Long COVID?A. They are well understood and have a single cause.B. They are primarily linked to pre-existing health conditions.C. They are related to the severity of the initial COVID infection.D. They are varied and include many different abnormalities.Q3. What is the role of vaccination in relation to Long COVID, as discussed by Dr. Rylance?A. It increases the risk of developing Long COVID.B. It has no effect on the likelihood of experiencing Long COVID.C. It protects against severe COVID disease and Long COVID.D. It is ineffective once Long COVID symptoms have already begun.Q4. What can be inferred about the global impact of Long COVID and the need for healthcare recognition and support?A. Long COVID is a localized issue that requires specialized treatment centers.B. Long COVID is a widespread problem affecting diverse populations.C. Long COVID symptoms are universally recognized and treated the same way worldwide.D. Long COVID is not a significant concern for healthcare systems.Q5. What is the main idea of Dr. Rylance’s discussion on the challenges and support needed for managing Long COVID?A. The key is to raise awareness and ensure patients feel recognized and supported.B. The main focus should be on rehabilitation and improving quality of life.C. The primary challenge is developing a specific medical treatment for Long COVID.D. The most important aspect is to conduct more clinical trials for new treatments.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWHO’s Science in 5: What Is Long COVID?Vismita Gupta-Smith: If you have recovered from COVID but still have some symptoms, could that be Long COVID? How long do these symptoms last? Is there treatment available? Here to talk about Long COVID today is Dr. Jamie Rylance. Welcome, Jamie. Jamie, talk to us about Long COVID. How does it affect people?Dr. Jamie Rylance: Yeah. Thanks, Vismita, pleasure to be here. So Long COVID can happen to anybody after their acute illness. It can come on as a continuation of symptoms or new symptoms and it can last a long time. The problem is, the symptoms are very variable. Patients may have difficulty recognizing that they have it and healthcare workers, to be honest, can also struggle to identify it. (Q1) But if you’re a typical Long COVID patient, you might have fatigue, feeling tired all the time brain fog, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping, shortness of breath. Those are the main symptoms, but there are so many others. One of the problems is that those symptoms can also represent other medical illnesses. So it’s really important to get the diagnosis right and healthcare workers and patients need to work together to do that. So when scientists have looked for what are the underlying causes of Long COVID, there’s many different abnormalities that have been seen. (Q2) Things like very small blood clots or altered immune cell responses, abnormal triggering or responses within the nervous system or changes in the usual bugs, the microbiome that we usually carry around with us. And that being so many different possibilities, there’s no single one diagnostic test. That said, we need to get patients onto treatment. We focus on the things that are bothering them, the symptoms, and making sure their function comes back to normal.diagnosis n. 诊断；（问题原因的）判断blood clot 血凝块；血块Vismita Gupta-Smith: Jamie, do people experience Long COVID differently? Are symptoms different and why? Dr. Jamie Rylance: Well, the obvious thing is no two people are the same and it can be very different. That said, we do know some things that might predict whether you’re more at risk of having Long COVID or for how long the symptoms might last for.Vismita Gupta-Smith: Jamie, talk to us about vaccination.Dr. Jamie Rylance: (Q3) So vaccination does help. It protects you against severe COVID disease and it protects you against Long COVID. At the other end of the spectrum, people who’ve had particularly severe disease are more likely to have Long COVID and the symptoms are likely to last longer. And that’s people who have been admitted to hospital or particularly to Intensive Care Unit. But we know that, the health of people before COVID is really important as well. So long-standing or pre-existing health problems. Respiratory disease, mental health problems but many others can increase the risk that you suffer long COVID. And therefore, it’s really important to try and keep and maintain a healthy lifestyle as much as possible. (Q4) So we know that Long COVID is a global problem. It can occur to anyone, anywhere in the world. What we need is for primary healthcare professionals to be able to recognize, assess and treat patients with Long COVID. And the way people access their healthcare will vary around the world. Sometimes there may be specialty services for COVID, sometimes there may be specialist doctors. But very frequently, and particularly where resources are limited, there are not. And so it’s really important that we empower primary healthcare providers to give patient centred care close to home. And that’s what we’re doing at WHO, making guidance to help healthcare workers deliver high-quality care and the education materials to support them to do so.respiratory adj. 呼吸的Vismita Gupta-Smith: So Jamie, how long do the symptoms last and even though we don’t have a pill, per se, how can we help people who are suffering from Long COVID? Dr. Jamie Rylance: Well, the first thing is that most people recover fully and that can take months and of course some people we know are badly affected for years. Although there isn’t a specific medical treatment, what we really need to do is access and treat patients for the problems that they have. Often that’s associated with rehabilitation, getting people back to functional status to enjoy life and health. There are specific medical treatments for some people and overall, that goes a long way to helping increase quality of life. So I’m optimistic in the science delivering more treatments and that’s hundreds of clinical trials going on at present. And I’d encourage people to get involved where they feel able and where they’re offered. So there’s hope, I think, in terms of new treatments. (Q5) But apart from the medical treatment, I think the biggest obstacle that people with Long COVID feel at the moment is that their disease is not recognized. They’re told that their brain fog or other symptoms are not real, and that’s demoralizing. So what they need is kindness and support through their treatment. And that comes from their family, their friends, their employers, because it’s in everyone’s best interest that people with Long COVID don’t feel alone and feel that they’re supported throughout their recovery. demoralizing adj. 使丧失信心的，令人泄气的Vismita Gupta-Smith: Thank you, Jamie. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay health and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。根据文本中的描述：“But if you’re a typical Long COVID patient, you might have fatigue, feeling tired all the time brain fog, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping, shortness of breath.”可知，典型的长新冠患者可能会经历疲劳、脑雾、难以集中注意力、睡眠困难和呼吸急促等症状。因此答案为B。Q2. D. 细节题。文本中提到：“there’s no single one diagnostic test.” 以及 “Things like very small blood clots or altered immune cell responses, abnormal triggering or responses within the nervous system or changes in the usual bugs, the microbiome that we usually carry around with us.” 这表明长新冠没有单一的诊断测试，造成它的的潜在原因多种多样，包括许多不同的异常情况，如微小的血凝块、免疫细胞反应改变、神经系统的异常触发或反应以及体内微生物群的变化等。因此答案为D。Q3. C. 细节题。根据文本中的信息：“So vaccination does help. It protects you against severe COVID disease and it protects you against Long COVID." 可知，疫苗接种有助于预防重症COVID疾病和长新冠。因此答案为C。Q4. B. 推理题。文本中提到：“So we know that Long COVID is a global problem. It can occur to anyone, anywhere in the world. What we need is for primary healthcare professionals to be able to recognize, assess and treat patients with Long COVID”这表明长新冠是一个全球性问题，可以影响世界上任何人，需要基层医疗保健专业人员能够识别、评估和治疗长新冠患者。答案为B。Q5. A. 主旨题。在讨论长新冠的挑战和所需支持时，Dr. Rylance提到：“The biggest obstacle that people with Long COVID feel at the moment is that their disease is not recognized.”以及 “what they need is kindness and support through their treatment.” 这表明，长新冠患者面临的主要挑战是他们的疾病没有得到认可，他们需要的是在治疗过程中的善意和支持。因此答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌授课

授课点评：潘紫萌老师在本次大赛中与来自全国各地的商务英语优秀教师展开激烈角逐，在教学理念、教学方法、课堂设计、英语素质、商务知识、教姿教态、师生互动等方面的表现都较突出，最后以总分第一荣获特等奖。潘老师以准确的英语发音先声夺人，丰富的表达方式、适中的语调语速和端庄的教姿教态也令人印象深刻。在课程设计环节，为实现其教学目标，她选择business ethics作为主题，介绍了教学目标、学生特征、以学生为中心和以产出为导向的教学理念，以及线上线下结合、传统和高科技媒体结合等丰富多彩的教学方式。这份介绍全面立体但简明扼要，为后面的演示（demo）课提供了一个很好的支撑。由于大赛的授课时间有限，潘老师突出重点，在演示课上只展示教学方案的第三步，即participatory learning 1 和 post assessment 1。她采用BOPPPS（bridge in, objectives, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post assessment, summary）模型，通过德国大众汽车减排作假、中国支付宝公益植树项目等案例，教学目标涵盖商务英语知识、技能、以及相关的伦理和价值观等。在短短的十几分钟里要达到这么多项教学目标绝非易事。潘老师通过一系列的短视频、多种教学方法（如听力填空、案例讨论、汉译英、样本对话补正等）以及活泼的师生互动，较好地实现了教学目标，显示出选手突出的课堂组织能力。商务英语教学起源于英美等国，因此基本使用本国素材、讲本国故事。传入中国后，主要使用外国素材、讲外国故事。令人欣喜的是，潘老师注意突出中国特色，多次引用中国案例，讲授中国故事，传播中国价值观。加上她出色的英语基本功和良好的师生互动，使得教学过程十分流畅，也没有不同文化同场展示的违和感。总而言之，潘紫萌老师在授课环节的各方面表现都很优秀。不足之处当然也有。首先， 8’13’’开始的讨论过于仓促，只有18秒， 8’31’’就结束了。由于讨论不充分，在随后的问答环节中，更多的回答似乎来自老师而不是学生。第二个是要增加教学过程的自然自发 (spontaneity)。不知是因为课前多次排练还是老师特意要求，学生的产出只有一次对话（17’40’’）相对自然，其他的多次回答虽准确无误，但都像中国小学生朗读课文或回答问题，语音、语调、语速都过于整齐合一，这不利于培养学生的英语实际表达能力。点评专家：陈准民

全新版大学进阶英语：视听阅读（第二版）第4册 12 Unit 4 Cave Artists

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