全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程1

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1（思政智慧版）

新闻听力 | 炎热天气让人变得迟钝

炎热天气让人变得迟钝Heat Might Cloud Your Brain常速 | 六级（易） | 526词 | 3min31s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one way extreme heat can affect people, according to the passage?A. It can increase the speed at which people complete tasks.B. It can improve people’s ability to solve difficult problems.C. It can help people remember information more easily.D. It can make it harder to think and make good decisions.Q2. What did the Boston study find about students without air conditioning?A. They were more comfortable while studying.B. They performed less well on the tests.C. They were better at solving numerical problems.D. They completed both tests in less time.Q3. Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the Boston study?A. To show that its findings should be interpreted with some caution.B. To suggest that the researchers used the wrong testing methods.C. To explain why high temperatures affect only university students.D. To prove that air conditioning has little effect on learning.Q4. What did the large study in China suggest about long-term exposure to extreme heat?A. It has little effect unless people suffer heat stroke.B. It mainly affects people’s physical strength.C. It may be linked to a decline in cognitive ability.D. It can improve memory after repeated exposure.Q5. What does the speaker suggest people do when they have to make an important decision on a very hot day?A. Avoid asking others for advice about the decision.B. Make the decision quickly before becoming tired.C. Trust their first reaction rather than overthink it.D. Cool down first and consider the decision carefully.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Heat Waves Affect Your BrainHeat waves are becoming more common in many parts of the world. Most people know that extreme heat can cause health problems, such as heart and breathing difficulties. In serious cases, it can even lead to heat stroke or death. But there is another effect of extreme heat that we may not think about: it can affect the way our brains work.When the temperature gets too high, our bodies try to keep us cool. More blood and energy are sent to parts of the body that help control our temperature. As a result, the brain may receive less blood than usual. Scientists are still studying exactly how this process affects the brain. (Q1) However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.One interesting study was carried out during a heat wave in Boston in 2016. Researchers studied university students living in different buildings. Some students had air conditioning, while others did not. The students with air conditioning stayed in rooms with an average temperature of about 21°C. The rooms without air conditioning were much warmer, with an average temperature of about 26°C.For 12 days, the students completed two simple tests each day. One test involved adding and subtracting numbers. The other was a test of attention. (Q2) The results were clear: students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.(Q3) Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students. However, other studies have found similar results. When people are exposed to high temperatures, they often have more difficulty paying attention and remembering information. They may also be slower at solving problems and making decisions.There is also evidence that long-term exposure to extreme heat may affect our brains. In one large study, researchers followed more than 53,000 people in China for eight years. (Q4) They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability. The researchers estimated that if the number of extremely hot days increases in the future, average human cognitive ability could decline.The effects of heat are not the same for everyone. Older people, for example, may be more strongly affected. People with certain physical conditions may also face greater risks. In addition, even a short period of extreme heat may affect our thinking for some time afterward.So what should we do? The simplest advice is to avoid making important decisions when we are extremely hot. If possible, wait until you are in a cooler environment. (Q5-1) When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.We often use the expression “in the heat of the moment” to describe a decision made without enough thought. As heat waves become more common, the expression may have a more literal meaning than we realize. (Q5-2) When the weather is extremely hot, cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.” 意为：“研究已经表明，高温会使人们更难集中注意力、记忆信息、解决问题和做出正确决定。”因此正确答案为D。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“... students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.” 意为：“……处在较热房间里的学生表现更差，他们答对的问题更少，完成注意力测试所花的时间也更长。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. A.【解析】推断题。题目出处为：“Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students.” 意为：“当然，一项研究不能说明所有问题，因为参与者人数较少，而且都是大学生。”由此可以推断，研究样本有限，因此其结果需要谨慎理解，不能简单推广到所有人群。故正确答案为A。Q4. C.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability.” 意为：“研究发现，经历更多高温天气的人，在记忆和数学能力测试中的表现往往更差。”由此可知，长期暴露于极端高温可能与认知能力下降有关，因此正确答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】细节与推断题。题目出处为：“When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.” 以及结尾处“… cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.” 意为：“如果一项重要决定无法推迟，反而应当慢慢考虑，仔细检查自己的思路，并向他人寻求建议。”以及“给身体降降温，可能也有助于让大脑更好地运转。”因此可以概括为在高温环境下做重要决定前，应先给自己降降温并认真思考，故正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 人工智能是否已经让毕业生失业了？

人工智能是否已经让毕业生失业了？Is AI putting graduates out of work already?文本难度：四级刘立军供稿If you are studying coding, we might have some bad news.如果你正在学习编程，我们可能得告诉你一个坏消息。“There’s no sign in the data that AI is costing anybody their job right now,” Kevin Hassett, a White House adviser, said on May 11th. Someone should tell America’s class of 2026. “It’s grim,” one professor says of the market for graduate jobs. Artificial intelligence is the popular villain. At a recent commencement ceremony in Florida a speaker was booed for mentioning it. And not without reason: our analysis suggests AI may indeed be harming some graduates’ job prospects.“目前没有任何数据表明人工智能正在导致任何人失业，”白宫顾问凯文·哈塞特（Kevin Hassett）5月11日表示。可这话恐怕得去告诉2026届的美国毕业生们。一位教授在谈及毕业生就业市场时直言：“形势很严峻。”人工智能成了众矢之的。最近在佛罗里达州的一场毕业典礼上，有演讲者一提到AI，就被台下的学生喝倒彩。而这种愤怒并非毫无道理：我们的分析表明，AI确实可能正在损害部分毕业生的就业前景。A university degree no longer seems to offer much protection from joblessness: recent graduates are likelier to be unemployed than the average American. The current cohort feels particularly gloomy. Less than a fifth of them think this is a good time to find a good job – the lowest share in over a decade, and well below the figure for Americans overall, at more than a quarter. A slump in on-campus recruiting is not helping. Job postings on Handshake, a search platform for university students, are 50% below their peak of 2022. 大学学位似乎不再能有效抵御失业风险：应届毕业生的失业率甚至比美国人的平均水平还要高。本届毕业生感到尤其悲观。他们中不足五分之一的人认为眼下是找到好工作的良机——这一比例创下十多年来的新低，也远低于美国整体超过四分之一的比例。校园招聘的低迷更是雪上加霜。在面向大学生的求职平台 Handshake 上，职位发布量比2022年的峰值暴跌了50%。Many suspect AI is to blame. More than half of employers say they have considered replacing entry-level workers with the technology. A recent poll by the Institute of Politics at Harvard University’s Kennedy School found that, similarly, more than half of young Americans see AI as a threat to their job prospects. 许多人怀疑罪魁祸首正是人工智能。超过半数的雇主表示，他们考虑用AI技术来取代初级岗位员工。哈佛大学肯尼迪学院政治研究所近期的一项民调也显示：超过半数的美国年轻人认为AI对他们的就业前景构成了威胁。Economists are more divided. A paper by Erik Brynjolfsson of Stanford University and colleagues, published in 2025, examined employment among young workers in AI-exposed jobs, such as software development. The authors found it had fallen by 16% relative to less-exposed fields. 经济学家们则对此意见不一。斯坦福大学的埃里克·布林约尔松（Erik Brynjolfsson）及其同事在2025年发表的一篇论文中，研究了软件开发等易受AI影响岗位的年轻工作者的就业情况。作者发现，其就业率相比受AI影响较小的领域下降了16%。But a paper published this year by Zanna Iscenko and Fabien Curto Millet, two economists at Google, casts doubt on the idea that young workers in particular are being displaced by AI. They found that job postings in AI-exposed occupations have declined just as sharply for senior workers as for junior ones, and that this trend predated the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022. Another study, by Morgan Frank of the University of Pittsburgh and colleagues, showed that labor-market outcomes have deteriorated for AI-exposed employees, but that this trend also began before ChatGPT was released. 不过，今年由谷歌的两位经济学家赞娜·伊森科（Zanna Iscenko）和法比安·库尔托·米莱（Fabien Curto Millet）发表的一篇论文，对“年轻员工尤其容易被AI取代”的观点提出了质疑。他们发现，在易受AI影响的岗位中，针对资深员工的岗位招聘数量下降幅度与初级员工一样剧烈，且这一趋势在2022年底 ChatGPT 推出之前就已经出现。匹兹堡大学的摩根·弗兰克（Morgan Frank）及其同事的另一项研究也表明，虽然易受AI影响的劳动者就业状况确实恶化了，但这种趋势同样始于 ChatGPT 发布之前。The Economist has conducted its own analysis, using a largely overlooked source of data: ten years’ worth of surveys of recent college graduates from the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Each year American universities ask new alumni whether they are working, unemployed or in graduate school. Using their responses, we compared labor-market outcomes in fields with differing levels of exposure to AI before and after the arrival of large language models.《经济学人》也开展了独立分析，采用的是长期被忽视的数据来源：美国高校与雇主协会（NACE）过去十年对应届大学毕业生的调查。每年，美国各高校都会询问新近校友是否已就业、失业，或正在攻读研究生。利用这些反馈，我们对比了在大语言模型出现前后，受AI影响程度不同的领域在就业市场中的表现。We found that graduates in fields more exposed to AI have suffered markedly worse outcomes. Between 2022 and 2024 graduates in the least-exposed quintile – studying subjects such as education, philosophy and civil engineering – saw their average full-time employment rate fall by just 1.5 percentage points. Those in the most exposed quintile – including computer science, computer engineering and information science – suffered a 6.6 percentage-point drop. 我们发现，受AI影响较大的专业，其毕业生的就业状况明显更差。在2022年至2024年间，受AI影响最小的20%的专业（如教育学、哲学和土木工程）毕业生，其平均全职就业率仅下降了1.5个百分点。而受AI影响最大的20%的专业（包括计算机科学、计算机工程和信息科学），则遭受了6.6个百分点的降幅。We updated these figures for the most exposed fields, using data from 13 universities, and found that the trend continued for the class of 2025. The rate of full-time employment fell from nearly 70% to 55% in three years – notably, the three years following ChatGPT’s release in 2022. Prior to that, it had been stable. 我们采用13所大学的数据，对受AI影响最大领域的就业数据进行了更新，发现2025届毕业生也延续了这一趋势。三年间，全职就业率从近70%下降到了55%——值得注意的是这是2022年 ChatGPT 发布之后的三年。而在那之前，该比率一直保持平稳。Students are already changing course. Data from the National Student Clearinghouse, a research group, show that undergraduate enrolment in computer science fell by 11% in 2025. Enrolment in computer programming, which focuses on coding skills rather than theory, dropped by 26%. 学生们已经开始“用脚投票”。研究机构“国家学生信息中心”的数据显示，2025年计算机科学专业的本科生入学人数下降了11%，而侧重于编码技能而非理论的计算机编程专业，入学人数更是大幅下滑了26%。The work done by computer-science graduates is changing, too. Less time is spent writing code; more is devoted to designing and organizing software systems at a higher level. Lana Yarosh, director of undergraduate studies in computer science at the University of Minnesota, says she understands students’ anxieties. “It’s always hard when things change. But computer science is a field where everything changes all the time.” 计算机科学专业的毕业生所从事的工作内容也在发生变化：写代码的时间变少了，更多精力被投入到更高层面的软件系统设计和架构组织之中。明尼苏达大学计算机科学本科项目主任拉娜·亚罗什（Lana Yarosh）表示，她理解学生们的焦虑：“当情况发生变化时，总是很难适应。但计算机科学本身就是一个日新月异的领域。”【词汇】 1. grim adj. 严峻的；惨淡的2. villain n. 罪魁祸首；反面人物3. boo v. 发嘘声；喝倒彩4. cohort n. 群体；一批人5. slump n. 急剧下滑；暴跌6. displace v. 取代；使流离失所7. predate v. 先于……发生；早于8. alumni n. 校友（alumnus的复数）9. quintile n. 五分之一组，即以数据的20%为一组（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 用运动对抗抑郁和焦虑能否等同于正规治疗？

用运动对抗抑郁和焦虑能否等同于正规治疗？Is exercise as effective as treatments for depression and anxiety?文本难度：六级刘立军供稿Is exercise as effective as treatments for depression and anxiety? Some big studies say yes. Many experts have reservations. 运动对抗抑郁、抗焦虑的疗效，能和正规治疗相媲美吗？一些大型研究给出了肯定的答案，但许多专家对此仍持保留意见。For those in the doldrums, few things are more tiresome than being told to exercise. But unwelcome advice is not necessarily wrong. Study after study has found that exercise boosts mood and reduces anxiety. Two large analyses published earlier this year go further, suggesting it works about as well as therapy or antidepressants. 对于那些正处于情绪低谷的人来说，几乎没有比听到别人劝自己“去运动”更让人心烦的了。但不中听的建议未必就是错的。一项又一项的研究发现，运动能够提振情绪，缓解焦虑。今年早些时候发表的两项大型分析进一步表明，运动的治疗效果与心理治疗、抗抑郁药物不相上下。The first, published in January by researchers based across Britain and Ireland, took the form of a Cochrane review — a well-regarded meta-analysis of health-care research. It pooled the results of 69 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to measure the effects of exercise on depression. The second paper, published in February in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, was a so-called meta-meta-analysis. It drew on more than 1,000 trials involving nearly 80,000 participants. Both concluded that exercise reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety by roughly as much as conventional treatments. 第一项研究由英国和爱尔兰的研究人员完成，于今年1月发表，采用了备受推崇的科克伦（Cochrane）系统评价形式——这是医疗领域广受认可的一种荟萃分析。该研究汇总了69项随机对照试验（RCTs）的数据，这些试验专门用来评估运动对抑郁症的作用。第二篇论文于2月发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上，采用了所谓的“二次荟萃分析”。研究参考了1000余项试验，受试者近8万名。两项研究均得出结论：运动在缓解抑郁、焦虑症状方面的效果，与常规治疗方法大致相当。There are important caveats. Meta-analyses are only as good as the studies they include, and exercise trials are prone to being skewed. For one thing, participants cannot be blinded — they know if they are doing kettlebell swings or not — which makes their self-reported mood vulnerable to any favorable expectations they might have. For this and other reasons, the Cochrane review judged all the studies it included to be at “high risk” of bias. 但该结论存在重要的限定条件。荟萃分析的可靠性完全取决于所纳入的原始研究，而运动类试验往往容易出现结果偏倚。首先，参与者无法实施“盲法”——自己是否完成壶铃摇摆这类运动，参与者心知肚明。这就导致参与者主动上报的情绪，很容易受到内心积极预期的影响。出于上述及其他因素，这份科克伦系统评价判定，其纳入的所有研究均存在“高偏倚风险”。What’s more, the meta-meta-analysis did not include any studies that tested exercise against other interventions. The findings from the exercise trials were, instead, compared against those from separate trials of antidepressants or therapy. But unlike exercise studies, RCTs of antidepressants are typically well blinded and have strong placebo effects, making it harder for them to achieve similarly impressive results. “I don’t think it’s a fair comparison,” says Jonathan Roiser, a professor of neuroscience at University College London. 此外，这项“二次荟萃分析”并未纳入任何将运动与其他干预措施进行直接对比的研究。它是把运动试验的结果，与另外独立开展的抗抑郁药、心理治疗试验的数据做比对。但与运动研究不同，抗抑郁药物的随机对照试验通常盲法设计完善，且安慰剂效应显著，这使得药物想要取得同样令人瞩目的疗效数据难度更大。伦敦大学学院的神经科学教授乔纳森·罗伊泽（Jonathan Roiser）表示：“我认为这样对比并不客观。”All the same, most researchers are confident that exercise helps improve mood. Aerobic workouts, such as running, walking or cycling, seem to be particularly beneficial across the board. For depression, group-based or supervised exercise is more effective than sweating alone, and the benefits of exercise accrue over several months. For anxiety, the best results seem to come from lower-intensity activity. 尽管如此，绝大多数研究人员仍认可运动有助于改善情绪。跑步、散步或骑车等有氧运动，总体来看大有裨益。针对抑郁症，团体运动或在专业人员指导下开展的运动，效果优于独自锻炼，且运动带来的益处会数月里不断累积。而对于焦虑症，低强度运动似乎能带来最佳效果。Why exercise works is less clear. The popular idea that exercise generates a “high” by causing the release of endorphins, a form of opioid, has little scientific support. A study published in 2021 found that blocking runners’ opioid receptors reduced neither the euphoria they reported after a session nor the drop in anxiety. Researchers instead think that endocannabinoids — chemicals produced by the body and brain that activate the same receptors as the active molecules in cannabis — might be responsible for these short-term boosts. 至于运动为何有效，具体机制尚不明确。有一种广为流传的说法：运动会促使内啡肽（一种阿片样物质）的释放，从而让人产生愉悦感，但这一说法缺乏足够的科学依据。2021年的一项研究发现，阻断跑步者体内的阿片类受体，既不会降低他们运动后的欣快感，也不会减弱焦虑的缓解程度。研究人员转而认为，内源性大麻素可能是带来这种短期情绪提升的原因；这类物质由人体和大脑合成，能激活与大麻有效成分相同的受体。Other pathways are also being triggered. Exercise seems to reduce inflammation and improve brain plasticity, as well as increasing the transmission of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is involved in the process of weighing effort against reward, and so increasing transmission may help reverse the loss of motivation associated with depression. 运动还会激活其他生理机制：它能够减轻炎症，提升大脑可塑性，并增加大脑内多巴胺的传递。多巴胺参与了“权衡付出与回报”这一心理过程，因此，增加多巴胺的传递有助于改善抑郁症患者典型的动力缺失问题。There are purely psychological benefits, too: exercise can provide people with a sense of achievement, agency and eventually mastery, all of which are known to lift mood. Plenty of reasons, then, to work up a sweat. 此外，运动还能带来纯粹的心理益处：它能给人带来成就感、自主感，最终获得一种掌控感，而这些都能够提振情绪。如此看来，我们完全有理由动起来，好好出一身汗。 【词汇】 1. in the doldrums 情绪低落2. meta-analysis n. 荟萃分析（一种循证医学研究方法，把多个独立的同类研究的数据汇总、合并分析，得到一个综合性结论，研究说服力高于单一试验）3. caveat n. 警告；提醒4. skew v. 使……有偏差；影响……的准确性5. placebo n. 安慰剂6. neuroscience n. 神经科学7. aerobic adj. 有氧的8. accrue v. 积累；增加9. endorphin n. 内啡肽10. opioid n. 阿片样物质（既可来源于外界毒品，也包含人体自身合成的内啡肽，能够起到镇痛、产生欣快感的作用）11. receptor n. 受体；感受器12. euphoria n. 欣快感；极度愉快13. cannabis n. 大麻14. inflammation n. 炎症15. dopamine n. 多巴胺（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 香烟如何影响身体？

香烟如何影响身体？How do cigarettes affect the body?常速 | 七级（偏易）| 699词 | 4min49s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What substance in cigarettes is responsible for making smoking highly addictive? A. Tar. B. Carbon monoxide. C. Nicotine. D. Arsenic. Q2. What is one of the immediate physical benefits of quitting smoking? A. Improved eyesight and bone strength. B. Stabilization of carbon monoxide levels. C. Restoration of DNA repair processes. D. Reduced risk of erectile dysfunction. Q3. What happens to the cilia in the lungs after quitting smoking for 9 months? A. They are permanently damaged. B. They start producing harmful chemicals. C. They become less effective in cleaning airways. D. They are restored and improve resistance to infection. Q4. What can be inferred about the long-term effects of quitting smoking? A. Quitting smoking has no impact on coronary heart disease. B. The body gradually regains its ability to repair DNA. C. Lung cancer risk remains unchanged after quitting smoking. D. The benefits of quitting smoking are limited to younger smokers. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the dangers of smoking and benefits of quitting. B. To explain the chemical composition of cigarettes. C. To discuss the psychological challenges of quitting smoking. D. To analyze the global impact of smoking-related diseases. Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow do cigarettes affect the body?Cigarettes aren’t good for us. That’s hardly news — we’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit physically when we finally give up smoking.With each inhalation, smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances into contact with the body’s tissues. From the start, tar, a black, resinous material, begins to coat the teeth and gums, damaging tooth enamel, and eventually causing decay. Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose, causing loss of smell.Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections, as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema. It does this by damaging the cilia, tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean. It then fills the alveoli, tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood, binding to hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen it would usually have transported around the body. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath.bronchitis n. 支气管炎 emphysema n. 肺气肿 alveoli n. 肺泡 sac n. 囊，气囊 membrane n. 膜 hemoglobin n. 血红蛋白 (Q1) Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters including endorphins that create the pleasurable sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette simultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining, restricting blood flow. These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness, increasing the likelihood that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes.dopamine n. 多巴胺 neurotransmitter n. 神经递质 endorphin n. 内啡肽 endothelial adj. 内皮的 lining n. 内衬，内膜 Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can trigger dangerous mutations in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. Additionally, ingredients like arsenic and nickel may disrupt the process of DNA repair, thus compromising the body’s ability to fight many cancers. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking.And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause erectile dysfunction.dysfunction n. 功能障碍 But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost immediate and long-lasting physical benefits.Just 20 minutes after a smoker’s final cigarette, their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal. (Q2) After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize, increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize. After two days, the nerve endings responsible for smell and taste start to recover.Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing and shortness of breath. (Q3) The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection.cilia n. 纤毛 By the one-year anniversary of quitting, heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves. Five years in, the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines, and the risk of stroke continues to reduce. (Q4) After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored. Fifteen years in, the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease is essentially the same as that of a non-smoker.plummet v. 暴跌，骤降 coronary adj. 冠状的，冠状动脉的 There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression, resulting from nicotine withdrawal. But fortunately, such effects are usually temporary. And quitting is getting easier, thanks to a growing arsenal of tools. Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges, and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes. They work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms, without the addition of other harmful chemicals. Counselling and support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free.lozenge n. 含片，润喉片 wean v. 使断奶，使戒掉 That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters.”，可知血液将一种叫尼古丁的刺激物输送到大脑，触发多巴胺和其他神经递质的释放，使人吸烟成瘾。正确答案为C。 Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize, increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.”，可知在戒烟后12小时，血液中的一氧化碳水平稳定下来，增加了血液携带氧气的能力，是戒烟后即时身体益处。正确答案为B。 Q3. D.【解析】细节题。根据“The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection.”，可知呼吸道和肺部的纤毛在几周内开始恢复，并在9个月后恢复，提高了对感染的抵抗力。正确答案为D。 Q4. B.【解析】推理题。根据“After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.”，可知在戒烟十年后，患致命肺癌的几率下降了50%，可能是因为身体修复DNA的能力再次恢复。从中可以推断，戒烟后身体会逐渐恢复修复DNA的能力。正确答案为B。 Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。文章主要讨论了吸烟对身体的危害以及戒烟带来的健康益处处。正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 献血为何重要

The gift of blood, why it matters 献血为何重要常速 | 四级（中等）| 661词 | 4min45s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to Dr. Yuyun Maryuningsih, why can one blood donation save multiple lives? A. Blood components are separated and used for different patients. B. Plasma can be stored for up to one year for emergencies. C. Blood donors are required to donate multiple times a year. D. Blood banks prioritize patients with severe conditions. Q2. What is the main reason why regular blood donation is critical, as explained in the text? A. Blood components have different expiration dates. B. Blood banks often face shortages during emergencies. C. Plasma storage requires advanced technology. D. Patients with chronic diseases rely on fresh blood supplies. Q3. What is one of the key advantages of voluntary unpaid blood donations mentioned in the text? A. They ensure higher blood quality through testing. B. They prevent exploitation of vulnerable individuals. C. They increase the frequency of donations. D. They reduce the cost of blood collection systems. Q4. What can be inferred about the challenges of maintaining safe blood donation systems? A. They require frequent updates to testing standards. B. They rely heavily on community-based traditions. C. They depend on the honesty and health of donors. D. They face difficulties in ensuring proper storage and distribution. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To discuss the benefits of regular blood donation. B. To explain how blood donation systems operate worldwide. C. To emphasize the importance of safe and voluntary blood donation. D. To highlight the medical uses of red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe gift of blood, why it mattersVGS: We’re talking about something powerful, invisible and life-saving. Your blood. It’s a gift only you can give. Our expert is Dr Yuyun Maryuningsih and we’re talking about blood donation. Welcome, Yuyun. As a student, I used to donate blood quite regularly and also throughout my work life. What about you?YM: Of course, I have, and I always tell people that donating blood is easy, safe and makes a real difference.VGS: But there’s something new I learned, that when you donate blood, you could be saving up to three lives, right?YM: Yes, exactly. You are right, because (Q1) when you donate blood, your blood will be separated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma. And each can be given to a different patient. For example, we can give the red blood cells for an anaemia patient. And then we can give the platelets to a bleeding patient and plasma for the infectious patients. All at once.platelet n. 血小板 plasma n. 血浆 anaemia n. 贫血 VGS: Wow. And there is an expiry date for the donated blood. Talk to us about that.expiry n. 到期YM: Yes, for example, (Q2) the platelets only last for five days, red blood cells for six weeks, and then plasma if frozen, it lasts for one year. That is why regular donation is very important to keep the blood stock of the blood bank, especially during emergency and outbreak situations.VGS: But it’s not just about emergencies, right?YM: Absolutely. So for cancer treatment and surgeries, and also for treatment of severe anaemia, and mothers who have complications during childbirth, none of these are possible without safe blood.VGS: So now, let’s talk about how to donate blood. It’s important that it’s voluntary, right?YM: (Q3) Voluntary unpaid donations are safer, because this donor is usually more honest about their health and it avoids exploiting vulnerable people, who might feel pressured to sell blood. And the voluntary blood donation systems, in general, are more reliable over the long term.VGS: So, Yuyun, when I was in university, I had a classmate who had haemophilia, and he needed regular blood donation. I think he needed blood plasma. And I’m talking about a few decades back when maybe the blood systems weren’t that safe. Unfortunately, he contracted HIV with infected blood. So talk to us about national blood donation systems. What does it take to keep it safe?haemophilia n. 血友病 YM: So the key is that the country needs to have a strong national blood system. (Q4) That means that each unit of blood should be tested and then should be processed, and of course, storage and distribution according to the standard.VGS: Yuyun I remember, I was in Sri Lanka many years ago and they have a beautiful tradition of donating blood on full moon nights. And this donation happens in communities, universities, temples, isn’t that amazing?YM: Yes, that is a wonderful tradition. And for those wondering actually, you can donate blood more than once. So for example, if you want to donate red blood cell you can donate every 8-12 weeks. And if you want to donate platelets or plasma, you can donate every 2-4 weeks.VGS: Let’s talk about who can donate blood.YM: Almost all can donate blood, from 18 to 65 years old and healthy, minimum 50 kilograms of body weight. And before donating blood, you will get a quick health check. So nothing scary.VGS: Okay, and it doesn’t take very long, right? Just ten minutes?YM: Yes, of course, just ten minutes to get blood to be drawn and then, to complete collecting the blood, it takes 35, 30 minutes to 40 minutes, including refreshments.VGS: Okay, that’s like your lunch break. You can go donate blood if you’re eligible during your lunch break. Take a friend with you, get an appointment, and please donate blood. That was science in five today. Thank you, Yuyun. Until next time then. Stay safe, stay healthy, and stick with science.eligible adj. 符合条件的，合格的 Part III. KEYQ1.A.【解析】细节题。根据“When you donate blood, your blood will be separated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma. And each can be given to a different patient.”，可知献血时，血液会被分离成红细胞、血小板和血浆，每一种都可以提供给不同的患者，因此能拯救多条生命。正确答案为A。Q2. A.【解析】细节题。根据“The platelets only last for five days, red blood cells for six weeks, and then plasma if frozen, it lasts for one year. That is why regular donation is very important to keep the blood stock of the blood bank.””，可知血小板只能存活五天，红细胞存活六周，而血浆如果冷冻，可以保存一年。三种血液成分保质期各不相同，因此定期献血十分重要。正确答案为A。Q3. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Voluntary unpaid donations are safer, because this donor is usually more honest about their health and it avoids exploiting vulnerable people, who might feel pressured to sell blood.”，可知自愿无偿献血更安全，因为这类献血者通常对自己的健康更诚实，并且避免剥削可能因压力而卖血的弱势群体，也就是可以防止剥削弱势群体。正确答案为B。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。根据“That means that each unit of blood should be tested and then should be processed, and of course, storage and distribution according to the standard.”，可知每一部分的血液都应该经过检测，然后进行加工，还要按照标准进行储存和分发。由此可以推断，血液的规范储存与分发是维持安全献血体系的一个重要挑战。正确答案为D。Q5.C.【解析】主旨题。整篇文章的核心内容是强调献血的价值、自愿无偿献血的优势、如何保持血液系统安全以及献血的具体过程，呼吁安全、自愿献血。正确答案为C。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 我们为何需要8小时睡眠？

我们为何需要8小时睡眠？Why do we need eight hours of sleep?常速 | 四级（偏易） | 809词 | 3min37s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does Dr. Sanjay Gupta say about the commonly recommended eight hours of sleep?A. It is the minimum amount required for all adults.B. It is mainly suitable for teenagers and children.C. It represents an average rather than a fixed standard.D. It has recently been proven to be scientifically inaccurate.Q2. Which stage of sleep occupies the largest proportion of an adult’s sleep cycle?A. Stage one sleep.B. Stage two sleep.C. Stage three sleep.D. REM sleep.Q3. Why does Dr. Gupta consider sleep especially important for students?A. It improves physical strength and athletic performance.B. It reduces the amount of study time students need.C. It helps transfer daily experiences into long-term memory.D. It allows the brain to remain active throughout the night.Q4. What can be inferred about irregular sleeping habits?A. They mainly affect people who travel frequently.B. They may interfere with the body’s natural rhythm.C. They can quickly increase the total amount of sleep.D. They are less harmful than excessive screen use.Q5. What is the main purpose of the conversation?A. To compare the sleeping habits of adults and children.B. To warn people about the long-term dangers of technology addiction.C. To discuss the relationship between exercise and brain development.D. To explain the functions of sleep and ways to improve sleep quality.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we need eight hours of sleep?I got 5 hours of sleep last night. Last night, this is not normal. I got about 6 and 1/2 hours of sleep. Last night, I slept four hours. I got 5 hours 45 minutes of sleep. Last night, I got about 5 hours of sleep. Usually, I try to shoot for 7 to 8. It seems like most people are not getting 8 hours of sleep. We got a wide range of answers today. I am on a mission to find out if that’s really what we need to do. And I’m bringing in a special guest, Dr. Sanjay Gupta.How are you? You missed this discussion. Oh man, you are the man I need to speak to. So why eight hours? Is this the optimal amount?optimal adj. 最佳的，最适宜的(Q1) So you know, like most things in life, it’s an average. The average is a range between 6 and 10 hours for most adults. The thing is, for kids, it’s actually even more than that—9 to 12 hours for elementary school kids and teenagers, back to sort of 8 to 10 hours.(Q5-1) Take us inside of our brains. What happens while we sleep?Sleep is actually a really fascinating time for the brain. It’s kind of interesting because people think it’s just at rest. It’s actually really active. And there are several stages of sleep. (Q2) Stage one, you spend about 5% of your time in stage one. That’s the lightest sleep, just sort of drifting off to sleep. Then stage two, a little bit deeper. About 45% of your sleep is stage two. Then there’s stage three, which is the most restful, about 25%. And then there’s this really interesting stage. It’s called REM—rapid eye movements. Literally, your eyes are moving behind your eyelids, and that’s when you’re dreamy. Yeah. And you cycle over and over again through these stages of sleep. About 90 minutes or so for all the stages.The other thing your brain is doing is clearing out waste from all the work that it’s done during the day. (Q3) And I think most importantly for students, that’s the time you take memories and experiences from your day and you put them in the long-term memory stores so you can remember these months, years down the road.So how do I know if I’ve gotten enough sleep for me, for my body?So, most people generally know because you are probably a little bit grumpier than you normally are. You’re always cheery though, aren’t you? I’ve never seen you grumpy. You know, you feel tired. I think one of the biggest tests—someone told me this years ago—is if you put yourself in a darkened room in a comfortable chair and right away you fall asleep within a couple of minutes; that’s a pretty sure sign that you’re sleep-deprived.grumpy adj. 脾气坏的，易怒的(Q5-2) So, give your boy some tips and all of us on getting great sleep.So, you’re an athlete, probably working out too close to when you go to bed; it’s probably going to keep you up. You’re sort of stimulating the body. Caffeine stimulates the body. So, in the morning, good idea. But later on in the afternoon, that’s probably going to keep you up. Screens, the blue light alone is something that’s going to keep you up. It just kind of wakes your brain up. Kind of wakes your brain up. Yeah. It’s like, hey, time to wake up. Time to actually do something.caffeine n. 咖啡因I think the biggest thing is the idea of sleeping around the same time and waking up at the same time every day. It’s like you’re confusing your brain. (Q4) If you go to bed 2 hours early or 2 hours later, your brain’s like, “Wait a second. Is it time to sleep or is it not time to sleep? I’m not sure.” If you get into a consistent pattern of whatever time, so let’s say 11 to 7, uh, every day, you’re likely to get good sleep. Your brain’s not confused, and you can stick with that pattern.Is that connected to that circadian rhythm we always have?circadian adj. 生理节律的And your circadian rhythm can get sort of messed up very quickly. You see that when you travel to LA or, you know, any kind of jet lag? You can essentially put yourself into jet lag right at home by confusing your brain like that all the time if you do nothing else. Well, get rid of the screens for sure, but after that, go to bed at the same time, wake up at the same time.You know my tip for great sleep? Hang out with people who just put you at ease. And for me, you’re one of those people. You’re the best sleep. You’re the best.I’m not sure. It’s good that I put you to sleep.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“So you know, like most things in life, it’s an average. The average is a range between 6 and 10 hours for most adults.” 意为：“就像生活中的很多事情一样，八小时只是一个平均值。对于大多数成年人来说，平均睡眠时间范围是6到10小时。”该句表明“八小时睡眠”并非绝对标准，而是一个平均参考值，因此正确答案为C。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Then stage two, a little bit deeper. About 45% of your sleep is stage two.” 意为：“第二阶段睡眠更深一些，大约占全部睡眠时间的45%。”结合前文“Stage one, you spend about 5% of your time in stage one”以及后文“Then there’s stage three, which is the most restful, about 25%”可知，第二阶段占比最高，因此正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“And I think most importantly for students, that’s the time you take memories and experiences from your day, and you put them in the long-term memory stores so you can remember these months, years down the road.” 意为：“我认为，对学生来说最重要的是，睡眠期间你的大脑会把白天的记忆和经历储存到长期记忆中，以便未来数月甚至数年后仍能记住。”该句直接说明了睡眠对学生的重要意义，因此正确答案为C。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“If you go to bed 2 hours early or 2 hours later and your brain’s like, ‘Wait a second. Is it time to sleep or is it not time to sleep? I’m not sure.’” 意为：“如果你提前两小时或推迟两小时睡觉，你的大脑就会想：‘等等，现在是该睡觉的时候，还是不该睡？我也不确定’。”由此可以推断，不规律的睡眠习惯会扰乱人体自然生物节律，因此正确答案为B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Take us inside of our brains. What happens while we sleep?”以及“… give your boy some tips and all of us on getting great sleep.” 主持人请Gupta博士解释睡眠期间大脑的活动并提供改善睡眠的建议，随后他们对睡眠阶段、大脑功能、记忆形成以及健康睡眠习惯进行了详细讨论，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌说课

说课点评：在30分钟的准备时间里，读完、理解一篇800多词的商务英语文章，记住文章的结构和要点，设计出一套有理论指导、教学理念清晰、目标合理、结构完整、方法得当，最好再带点创新的教学方案，然后在10分钟的时间里，用英语条理清晰地把它展示出来，这对任何商务英语教师来讲都是一项重大的挑战。潘紫萌老师首先分析了课文，根据内容将其解构成三大部分。选手将第二部分（第3-8段）归纳成 promotion, price and place 和将第三部分（第9段）归纳成对计划进入中国市场的外国企业的忠告，这都是正确的。但是，她把第一部分（第1-2段）归纳成product，进而把前两部分归纳成营销学中著名的4P战略，这种做法有待商榷。因为课文的第1段主要讲两个问题：1）营销战略如何在中国成功，2）这些战略如何根据中国人的喜好以及对产品或服务的认知进行调整，而不是具体的产品。也许是准备的时间非常紧迫，选手对课文的理解和归纳出现了偏差。然后，潘老师分析了学生的特点。在教学模式上，她采取以学生为中心、以产出为导向的教学模式。其教学目标包括商务英语知识、商务技能和伦理价值。在具体的教学方法上，她例举了基于任务的教学、基于讨论的教学、案例教学、学生参与的测评等，并强调要综合利用线上线下教学资源。在学习测评上，她采用师生共同参与的方式，以增强教学效果。至于具体的教学步骤，她采用BOPPPS模式，再加课后作业。以上教学方案应该说中规中矩，显示出潘老师对商务英语教学的理论、模式、方法和测评等各要素有比较全面的了解。潘老师最亮眼的表现是在10分钟的时间里，用流利的英语将其教学方案展现出来，而且条理清晰，相关的教学理论、教学方法、商务知识、商务案例均了然于胸，信手拈来，同时口到手到，同步将所讲内容写到白板上，手起笔落，一气呵成。在提问阶段，潘老师的表现依旧出色，理解到位，回答中肯，表现出较高的英语基本功和商务、人文素养。不过有的回答可以再精炼一些。比如在回答第一个问题时，把EGP，EOP，EAP，ESP 的定义都讲了一遍，有点啰嗦。总而言之，潘紫萌在说课中表现突出，是一位素质比较全面、经验比较丰富的优秀商务英语教师。点评专家：陈准民

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

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