全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1（思政智慧版）

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程3

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

新闻听力 | 读大学值得吗？

VOA慢速：读大学值得吗？Is College Worth It?慢速 | CET-4中等 | 751词 | 7min35s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main idea discussed in this report?A. The declining number of college applicants in recent years.B. The increasing doubts about higher education in the U.S.C. The political bias and indoctrination in American universities.D. The benefits of attending two-year community colleges over four-year universities.Q2. What percentage of adults in the 2024 study expressed strong confidence in higher education?A. 36 percent.B. 57 percent.C. 32 percent.D. 25 percent.Q3. What reason did Randy Hill mention for his nephew planning to pursue a welding apprenticeship instead of college?A. He wants to gain practical experience.B. College is too expensive and not job-oriented.C. He dislikes the liberal bias in colleges.D. He prefers hands-on learning.Q4. What is one of the potential consequences of fewer college graduates mentioned by experts?A. Higher unemployment rates.B. Increased economic stability.C. Worsening labor shortages.D. Improved lifetime earnings.Q5. Why do more people reportedly have confidence in two-year community colleges compared to four-year colleges?A. Two-year programs offer more diverse courses.B. Community colleges are less politically biased.D. They are seen as more cost-effective.C. They have better job placement rates.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs College Worth It?(Q1) A new study says that Americans have increasing questions about the value and cost of a college education. Most of the people taking part in the study felt that higher education in the U.S. is headed in the “wrong direction.”Gallup and the Lumina Foundation carried out the study. It found that (Q2) only 36 percent of adults said they had a “great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in higher education.That confidence level has decreased steadily from 57 percent in 2015. That was the first year in which Gallup measured confidence in higher education.The decline is seen in all subgroups of people including sex, age, and political ties. Some of the opinions in the study might show concerns about the high cost of college and how race and other subjects are taught.Fifty-nine-year-old Randy Hill is a registered Republican in Connecticut and a driver for a car service. (Q3) He told the Associated Press, “It’s so expensive, and I don’t think colleges are teaching people what they need to get a job.” Hill said his nephew plans to do a welding apprenticeship after high school instead of going to college.welding n. 焊接The June 2024 study found that 36 percent of adults feel strong confidence in higher education. That percentage is unchanged from the year before.But the researchers said they were concerned that fewer Americans were saying that they had “some” confidence, and more were reporting “very little” or “none.” This year’s findings show almost as many people have little or no confidence, 32 percent, as those with high confidence.(Q4) Experts say that fewer college graduates could worsen labor shortages in fields from health care to information technology. For those who do not go to college, it often means lower lifetime earnings.Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce said lifetime earnings for those without a bachelor’s degree could be 75 percent less than for those with a degree. The center also said that during an economic downturn, those without college degrees are more likely to lose their jobs.Courtney Brown is a vice president at Lumina, an education nonprofit group. It aims to increase the number of students who seek education beyond high school. She said, “What’s shocking to me is that the people who have low or no confidence is actually increasing..”This year’s study added new, detailed questions in an effort to understand why confidence is shrinking.Almost one-third of people in the study said college is “too expensive.” About 25 percent thought students are not getting the right education or taught what they need to succeed.The study did not ask about the protests against the war in Gaza this year that divided many college communities. But people who took part said they had concerns about indoctrination, political bias, and that colleges are too liberal. Among those who said they lack confidence in college, 41 percent said political activity was a reason.indoctrination n. 教导，教化Other findingsSixty-seven percent of adults in the study said colleges are headed in the “wrong direction.” That is more than two times higher than the 31 percent who think that colleges are going in the right direction.Gallup noted that when people express confidence in higher education, they are thinking of four-year colleges. But the study found that more people have confidence in two-year community colleges.(Q5) Forty-nine percent of adults said they have “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in two-year programs, compared with 33 percent of Americans who feel that way about four-year colleges.California college student Kristen Freeman said she understands why.“It’s about saving money. That’s why I went to a two-year. It’s more bang for your buck,” said Freeman who is a 22-year-old sociology major at Diablo Valley Community College. She plans to go to San Jose State University for the final two years of college.bang for one’s buck 钱花得合算；所有的努力都值得Freeman said she understands the concerns about indoctrination and whether college prepares students for life and work. But she feels the only way to change structural problems is from the inside.“I am learning about the world around me and developing useful skills in critical thinking,” Freeman said. “I think higher education can give students the spark to want to change the system.”Part III. KEYQ1. B. 主旨题。题目出处为“A new study says that Americans have increasing questions about the value and cost of a college education.” 意为：“一项新研究表明，美国人越来越质疑大学教育的价值和成本。” 整篇文章围绕这一主题展开，分析了不同群体的观点和数据。因此答案为B。Q2. A. 细节题。题目出处为“Only 36 percent of adults said they had a ‘great deal’ or ‘quite a lot’ of confidence in higher education.” 意为：“只有36%的成年人表示他们对高等教育有‘很大的’或‘相当多的’信心。” 因此答案为A。Q3. B. 细节题。题目出处为“He told the Associated Press, ‘It’s so expensive, and I don’t think colleges are teaching people what they need to get a job.’”意为：“他告诉美联社，‘费用太高了，我认为大学没有教人们获得工作的必备技能。’” 因此答案为B。Q4. C. 细节题。题目出处为“Experts say that fewer college graduates could worsen labor shortages in fields from health care to information technology.”意为：“专家表示，较少的大学毕业生可能会加剧从医疗保健到信息技术领域的劳动力短缺现象。” 因此答案为C。Q5. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Forty-nine percent of adults said they have ‘a great deal’ or ‘quite a lot’ of confidence in two-year programs... ‘It’s about saving money. That’s why I went to a two-year.’” 意为：“49%的成年人表示对两年制课程非常有信心……‘这是为了省钱。这就是我选择两年制学校的原因。’” 因此答案为D，cost-effective的意思是“划算的，有成本效益的”。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 小居室如何工作休息两不误？

VOA慢速：小居室如何工作休息两不误？Work, Sleep Well in a Small Place慢速 | CET-4偏易 | 846词 | 8min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What can make it difficult to get a good night’s sleep in a studio apartment?A. Lack of furniture.B. High cost of living.C. External noise from the street.D. The combined use of the room for living, cooking, and sleeping.Q2. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To describe the history of studio apartments.B. To advise on how to work and sleep well in a small apartment.C. To compare different types of bedding materials.D. To explain the cost of living in large cities.Q3. What are Murphy beds used for in studio apartments according to Andrea Morris?A. To provide additional storage.B. To improve room ventilation.C. To make more room during the dayD. To create a separate kitchen area.Q4. What does Jeff Kahn suggest to help the brain associate your bed with sleep?A. Avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.B. Use special pillows during sleep.C. Avoid eating in bed.D. Keep the room's temperature cool.Q5. What can be inferred about the importance of air quality in a small apartment?A. It can be ignored in favor of light control.B. It is less important than room décor.C. Good air flow and possible use of an air purifier are essential.D. It is only important if you do not cook in the same space.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWork, Sleep Well in a Small PlaceWorking from home in a small apartment is fine during the day. But when nighttime comes, it may be more difficult to turn off work and get a good night’s sleep.(Q1) This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room. These kinds of apartments are common in large cities with a high cost of living.With electronics, kitchen items, clothes and books all in one space, it can be hard to create a restful place for sleep.(Q2) Kim Cook, a reporter for the Associated Press, asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.Be honest about how you liveEveryone needs good sleep to stay healthy.“The primary rule, maybe the only rule of small space design, is people have to be honest about how they really live,” says Olivia Hosken. She is deputy managing editor of House Beautiful.She adds that when you have limited space, you need furniture that works well in the room.A good bed is important for good sleepShe suggests spending money on a high-quality bed. Even better is a high-quality sleep sofa that can double as a bed and couch. She does not suggest big tables or chairs that you may not use.Andrea Morris is an interior designer with Lancaster Place Interiors in Wilmington, North Carolina. (Q3) For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds, named after William Murphy. He came up with this idea in 1900 while living in his own studio apartment in San Francisco, California.Create a sleep areaTo separate your sleep area from the rest of the apartment, you can purchase a freestanding screen or room divider. And as much as you can, keep your sleep area strictly for sleeping, experts say.Jeff Kahn is co-founder of the Chicago-based sleep-research company Rise Science. His company developed a sleep-tracking app called Rise. (Q4) His suggestion is to “avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.” He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.However, that is not always possible. If you use your bed during the daytime, you can do small things to keep your daytime tasks and sleep separate. Lisa Strauss is a psychologist and expert in sleep disorders. She suggests using one side of the bed for reading and the other for sleeping. You can also bring out special blankets and pillows used only for sleeping. Freshen the air. Lower the lights. Cut the noise.Kahn also suggests keeping a clean, peaceful environment. For starters, he says to make sure the air flow is good.(Q5) “Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” says Kahn. He adds that this is especially important if you cook and sleep in the same place.ventilated adj. 通风的Another interior expert is Mia Ingui. She is editor at Spruce, a home design website. She suggests using calming smells like lavender or chamomile at bedtime, to “set the tone for restful sleep.”lavender n. 薰衣草chamomile n. 洋甘菊Also, be sure that computer, TV, and other electronic screens are turned off. In a small room, these devices are probably a short distance from the bed. Their light at night can affect our internal clocks, or circadian rhythm.circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的Do not forget about the sounds these devices make. If the buzz of nearby devices, appliances, or street sounds keep you awake, consider a noise machine. Ingui likes the Hatch Restore, a “sunrise lamp” that provides soothing sounds and lights up slowly in the morning. You can also buy noise cancelling curtains. These cut down on outside noises.buzz n. 嗡嗡声soothing adj. 抚慰的，使人宽心的Keep things clean and organizedAndrea Morris, the home designer, says one thing to avoid when it comes to studio living is leaving beds unmade.“It’s amazing how much better you feel after a hard day entering a space with a made bed,” she said.At night, she suggests putting away electronics. Side tables with plugs and ports for electronics help you store devices and keep things tidy ― or organized and clean. This is another example of choosing furniture that has multiple uses.Choose multi-use, storable beddingIf it difficult to control your studio apartment’s heating and cooling, Ingui recommends choosing materials for bedding that let the skin breathe. Such materials can keep you cool in warm weather and warm in cooler temperatures.She also suggests buying several pieces of bedding that are easy to store rather than big, bulky blankets. Studio apartments often do not have a lot of storage.With some thoughtful choices, your small space can have the feeling we all want from home life: calm, clean and good for both working and sleeping.Part III. KEYQ1. D. 细节题。题目出处为“This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room.” 意为：“这（即睡个好觉）在一居室公寓内会变得尤其困难，因为一居室公寓的客厅、厨房和睡眠区都在一个房间内。” 因此答案为D。Q2. B. 主旨题。题目出处为：“… asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.” 意为：“咨询睡眠专家和室内设计专家如何在一个小房间内有效工作和获得良好睡眠。”因此答案为B。Q3. C. 细节题。题目出处为“For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds.” 意为：“对于单间公寓，她喜欢壁床。这些床不用时可以折叠靠墙。它们更为人熟知的名字是墨菲床。” 因此答案为C。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“His suggestion is to ‘avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.’ He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.” 意为：“他的建议是‘避免在床上工作或做任何会产生压力的事情。’他说，这样有助于大脑将床与睡眠而非与清醒和工作联系起来。”因此答案为A。Q5. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” 意为：“确保你的房间通风良好，并考虑使用空气净化器。” 因此可以推断出良好的空气流通和使用空气净化器是很重要的。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 微塑料有害吗

VOA慢速：微塑料有害吗Are Microplastics Harmful? 慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 425词 | 4min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are microplastics and where can they be found, according to the text?A. They are natural sea organisms found only in oceans.B. They are tiny plastic pieces found in oceans, air, food, and human body tissues.C. They are a type of food additive used in processed foods.D. They are synthetic materials found only in manufactured products.Q2. What do some researchers believe about microplastics and human health?A. There is definitive evidence that microplastics harm human health.B. There are no concerns about microplastics and human health.C. There are concerns about potential health effects, but no clear evidence yet.D. Microplastics are beneficial to human health.Q3. What can be inferred about the current state of research on microplastics?A. It is in its early stages, and comprehensive conclusions about health effects are yet to be reached.B. It has definitively proved that microplastics are harmless.C. It has been extensively studied for decades with clear guidelines established.D. It shows that microplastics are beneficial for improving heart health.Q4. What is the primary focus of the text?A. The benefits of microplastics in daily life.B. The manufacturing process of microplastics.C. The presence and potential health effects of microplastics.D. Scientific advancements in plastic recycling.Q5. According to the text, how can people reduce their exposure to microplastics?A. By taking vitamins that reduce microplastics.B. By using plastic bottles and containers.C. By eating out frequently.D. By taking off shoes before entering the home and not heating food in plastic containers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAre Microplastics Harmful?(Q1) Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.(Q2/4) Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.Manufacturers mostly use oil or other petroleum products to make plastic. The material is used to make a huge number of different products: water bottles, car parts, children’s playthings, clothing, electronics and more. Heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller and smaller pieces.Microplastics can be 5 millimeters long at most or as small as one micrometer. A micrometer is one-one thousandth of a millimeter. Microplastics have been found in salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. They have also been found in milk, soil, and drinking water.micrometer n. 微米 Researchers disagree about how much plastic people might be breathing in or taking in as food and drink. Still, many studies find evidence of plastics in body tissues.Tracey Woodruff is a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco. She said, “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated.”Scientists are still trying to answer the question of how harmful microplastics might be. In 2022, a World Health Organization report found no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence.There is also not clear evidence of widespread public health effects.(Q3) However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects. Woodruff of U.C. San Francisco said it makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain poisonous chemicals. The researcher was part of an investigative team that examined nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California state lawmakers.Some evidence suggests plastics can increase inflammation and other changes in the body. Such changes could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.inflammation n. 炎症 Researchers say there are ways to reduce possible contact with microplastics.(Q5) Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside. Eat foods ― especially fresh fruits and vegetables ― that you prepare at home. Do not heat foods in plastic containers, Woodruff said. And, she added, use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.I’m Andrew Smith. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 意为：“极小的塑料碎片被称为微塑料，它们存在于海洋和空气以及我们的食物和水中。科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为：“Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.” 意为：“一些研究人员担心微塑料会危害人类健康，尽管他们表示科学尚未发现明确证据。不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康造成的影响，仍有许多问题有待解答。”因此答案为C。Q3. A. 推理题。题目出处为：“However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects.”意为：但是，研究人员最近才开始测量人体内的塑料水平并了解其可能的影响。”因此可以推断出，对于微塑料对健康影响的研究还处于早期阶段，尚未得出全面结论。因此答案为A。Q4. C. 主旨题。本文主要讨论了微塑料的存在以及它可能对健康产生的影响。题目出处为：“Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 和“Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.”意为：“科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”以及“不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康产生的影响，仍然有问题尚待解答。”因此答案为C。Q5. D. 细节题。题目出处为：“Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside... Do not heat foods in plastic containers… use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.”意为：“进家门之前脱鞋，这有助于防止微塑料在室内扩散……不要在塑料容器中加热食物……使用金属或玻璃水瓶，而不是塑料。”因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 锻炼真能减肥吗？

锻炼真能减肥吗？We Need to Rethink Exercise: The Workout Paradox常速 | CET-6中等| 1328词 | 9min19s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the talk and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What did scientists discover when comparing calorie burn between the Hadza and people in industrialized societies?A. The Hadza burn significantly more calories.B. Both groups burn about the same amount of calories.C. Industrialized societies burn more due to higher stress levels.D. Calorie consumption is irrelevant to lifestyle.Q2. According to the text, what is one reason why exercising might not lead to significant fat loss?A. Exercising burns too few calories.B. People tend to eat more after exercising.C. The body compensates by reducing activity levels at other times.D. Most exercises are not intense enough.Q3. How does chronic inflammation affect health according to the text?A. It boosts the immune system’s efficiency.B. It reduces the brain’s energy consumption.C. It helps in faster recovery from injuries.D. It can lead to serious diseases if not controlled.Q4. Based on the text, why do humans have a tendency to overeat in modern times?A. Because of their big brains and social skills training.B. Due to increased availability of food.C. Because they need more energy for physical activities.D. Because of genetic predisposition to obesity.Q5. What is the main focus of this text?A. The relationship between calorie intake and exercise.B. The benefits of different types of physical activities.C. The reasons why exercise alone may not be effective for weight loss.D. The impact of modern lifestyles on health and fitness.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWe Need to Rethink Exercise: The Workout ParadoxThe Myth of the WorkoutA few years ago, scientists began to compare populations in industrialized societies, which sit a lot, to hunter-gatherer communities who move around a lot. The Hadza people in Tanzania walk an average of 9 km a day to find wild plants and hunt animals, dig for tubers, climb trees for honey, or collect water. They can move more in a single day than an office worker in a week. So of course, they burn more calories, right? hunter-gatherer 采集狩猎者tuber n. 块茎（某些植物的肉质地下茎）(Q1) But it turns out that the Hadza burn the same amount of calories per day as a typical person in an industrialized country: around 1,900 for women and around 2,600 for men — which doesn’t make sense at all. It’s also not their genes, since it’s the same for other hunter-gatherer tribes.So the confused scientists looked at similar measurements in individual countries. It got even stranger: Active people who work out regularly do burn more than inactive people, but only very little, often as low as 100 calories, the equivalent of a single apple. For some strange reason, the amount of calories you burn is pretty much unrelated to your lifestyle. Per kilo of body weight, your body has a fixed calorie budget it wants to burn per day. Sure, if you want to gain muscles by pumping iron, you also need to eat more to build and sustain them or your new muscles wither away. But in total, your body keeps your calorie budget per unit of you pretty stable.And to make matters worse, if you want to lose fat your body sabotages you in small and big ways: (Q2) First of all, when you begin to work out regularly, maybe going for a run in the morning, your body may subconsciously make you move less when you don’t pay attention. Maybe you take the elevator instead of the stairs, you sit more when you meet your friends or you sleep longer — largely balancing out your burn again, preventing you from burning much fat. You can overcome this temporarily: If you do actually change your life after sitting around for years and suddenly start working out without eating more, this is a shock to your system. You actually do burn more calories and lose fat — so you can lose a few kilos or pounds through exercise! But this is very short-lived. Your body adapts and burns fewer and fewer extra calories each day until it restores its original calorie budget. After a few months you burn basically the same amount you did when you didn’t work out. Bizarre! And now we are getting to the actual reason why exercise is healthy.Why Your Body is Sabotaging YouSo your body has a hardwired activity budget per day that it wants to stick to. This setting evolved when humans had to move a lot. Not because they wanted to, but because they had to find food for survival. But when food is abundant and exercise is voluntary, what does your body do with the energy that you are not using to move around? We are simplifying a lot here, and this is relatively new science, but in a nutshell: There are many different systems in your body trying to do their job as well as possible. And if there’s extra energy, they seem to use it. Unfortunately, this is bad. When your immune cells detect injuries or infections, they trigger inflammation. Fighter cells, alarm chemicals and fluids flood into your tissue. This is crucial, but it also causes damage, so it needs to be cleaned up quickly or it can become chronic. (Q3) And chronic inflammation is one of the major contributors to many serious diseases, from cancer to heart failure. If your immune system is on a tight budget, it has to be efficient with inflammation — with lots of free calories though, it over-commits.inflammation n. 发炎；炎症Another thing is that your glands produce hormones you don’t need, like cortisol, the stress hormone, which triggers your fight or flight response. Crucial for survival, but if you have too much of it you get, well, very stressed, all the time. Chronic stress is a major cause for a bouquet of health issues including your mental state. gland n. 腺hormone n. 激素；荷尔蒙cortisol n. （生化）皮质醇For our ancestors, who moved a lot and had to deal with sudden bursts of activity, fleeing from a lion, attacking that bison, this cortisol was crucial — but if you live a modern, sedentary lifestyle your body is ready for action that doesn’t happen, hurting itself in the process.bison n. 野牛（分北美野牛和欧洲野牛两类）sedentary adj. 惯于久坐不动的Your body evolved to move regularly and is fine-tuned to a certain base level of activity. If this activity is missing, it still uses almost the identical amount of energy, just on stupid stuff. This is why you burn almost the same amount of calories whether you work out or not — by working out you are not doing anything extra, you are doing what your body is literally made to do.Working out is not a magic bullet, but it seems to restore an internal physical balance that seriously affects your body. And this is also why regular exercise is so incredibly healthy, the evidence is incredibly clear here. It reduces chronic inflammation and stress, it is good for your heart, may ease depression, and makes you live longer and better. Movement is not really made to burn your fat though.Why Humans Are So HungryWhen your ancestors evolved, they had to work hard for calories. Sometimes it would be easy, and they could afford to chill out quite a bit. But in hard times, they had to move quite a bit to feed themselves, walk longer to find prey, or dig longer to find tubers. chill out 放松，冷静If extra movement burned more calories, this would lead to a spiral of starvation. The less food you find, the more energy you need to find food — which doesn’t even fill you up, because you moved more. It’s like taking on more debt when you are in the red. It works for a while, but then you go bankrupt and die. So for your ancestors, being able to move a lot without burning extra calories was a matter of life and death.be in the red 负债，有赤字OK. But this means the obesity epidemic of the modern world is not primarily caused by laziness, but by overeating. Humans evolved to be mad for calories because of our extremely hungry brains and our extremely useless kids. Kids are cute, but unlike other species, human kids have to be fed and cared for by adults for years before they become even remotely useful. (Q4) Because the human brain not only eats up about 20% of all our calories at rest — twice as much as our closest ape relatives’ — it also takes a lot of time to develop through playing, learning and honing social skills — all the things that make us human.hone v. 磨练，训练Our species is so extremely calorie-expensive to maintain that we became super-efficient calorie harvesters. 5 hours of human hunter-gatherer foraging yields between 3,000 and 5,000 calories, while our ape relatives get no more than 1,500 in the same time. And we became so good at calorie harvesting precisely because of our big brains and years of social skill training. forage v. 觅（食）In a typical ancestral tribe, some members would spend the day searching for plants, others hunting or gathering honey, others nurturing kids. And at the end of the day, we’d share the calories so that no one would end up hungry.Being frenetic calorie harvesters seems to be deeply part of what makes us human. It’s not a bug, but a feature. But today, it seems as if that feature has turned on us — we can’t stop overproducing food and overeating. If you want to lose fat, food is the answer. We’ll cover diet in the next part.frenetic adj. 发狂似的；狂乱的So, to conclude: You’ll probably not lose nearly as much fat by working out as you hoped, but you will do something more important: give your body balance and make you more resilient and prevent or delay many of the diseases that will make your life miserable so you can enjoy a higher-quality of life, for much longer.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为“But it turns out that the Hadza burn the same amount of calories per day as a typical person in an industrialized country.”意为：“但事实证明，哈扎人每天消耗的卡路里与工业化国家的普通人相同。” 因此答案为B。Q2. C. 推理题。题目出处为“First of all, when you begin to work out regularly ... your body may subconsciously make you move less when you don’t pay attention.” 意为：“首先，当你开始定期锻炼时……你的身体可能会在你不注意的时候下意识地让你减少活动。” 因此答案为C。Q3. D. 推理题。题目出处为“And chronic inflammation is one of the major contributors to many serious diseases, from cancer to heart failure.” 意为：“慢性炎症是导致多种严重疾病的主要原因之一，这些疾病包括从癌症到心力衰竭。” 因此答案为D。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“Because the human brain not only eats up about 20% of all our calories at rest — twice as much as our closest ape relatives’ — it also takes a lot of time to develop through playing, learning and honing social skills — all the things that make us human.” 意为：“因为人类大脑在休息时不仅消耗所有卡路里的约20%——这是与我们最接近的猿类亲戚的两倍——人类还需要通过玩耍、学习和磨练社交技能来进化很长时间——这些都使我们成为了人。” 因此答案为A。Q5. C. 主旨题。文章主要讨论了为什么仅靠锻炼可能无法有效减肥的原因。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 小居室如何工作休息两不误？

VOA慢速：小居室如何工作休息两不误？Work, Sleep Well in a Small Place慢速 | CET-4偏易 | 846词 | 8min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What can make it difficult to get a good night’s sleep in a studio apartment?A. Lack of furniture.B. High cost of living.C. External noise from the street.D. The combined use of the room for living, cooking, and sleeping.Q2. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To describe the history of studio apartments.B. To advise on how to work and sleep well in a small apartment.C. To compare different types of bedding materials.D. To explain the cost of living in large cities.Q3. What are Murphy beds used for in studio apartments according to Andrea Morris?A. To provide additional storage.B. To improve room ventilation.C. To make more room during the dayD. To create a separate kitchen area.Q4. What does Jeff Kahn suggest to help the brain associate your bed with sleep?A. Avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.B. Use special pillows during sleep.C. Avoid eating in bed.D. Keep the room's temperature cool.Q5. What can be inferred about the importance of air quality in a small apartment?A. It can be ignored in favor of light control.B. It is less important than room décor.C. Good air flow and possible use of an air purifier are essential.D. It is only important if you do not cook in the same space.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWork, Sleep Well in a Small PlaceWorking from home in a small apartment is fine during the day. But when nighttime comes, it may be more difficult to turn off work and get a good night’s sleep.(Q1) This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room. These kinds of apartments are common in large cities with a high cost of living.With electronics, kitchen items, clothes and books all in one space, it can be hard to create a restful place for sleep.(Q2) Kim Cook, a reporter for the Associated Press, asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.Be honest about how you liveEveryone needs good sleep to stay healthy.“The primary rule, maybe the only rule of small space design, is people have to be honest about how they really live,” says Olivia Hosken. She is deputy managing editor of House Beautiful.She adds that when you have limited space, you need furniture that works well in the room.A good bed is important for good sleepShe suggests spending money on a high-quality bed. Even better is a high-quality sleep sofa that can double as a bed and couch. She does not suggest big tables or chairs that you may not use.Andrea Morris is an interior designer with Lancaster Place Interiors in Wilmington, North Carolina. (Q3) For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds, named after William Murphy. He came up with this idea in 1900 while living in his own studio apartment in San Francisco, California.Create a sleep areaTo separate your sleep area from the rest of the apartment, you can purchase a freestanding screen or room divider. And as much as you can, keep your sleep area strictly for sleeping, experts say.Jeff Kahn is co-founder of the Chicago-based sleep-research company Rise Science. His company developed a sleep-tracking app called Rise. (Q4) His suggestion is to “avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.” He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.However, that is not always possible. If you use your bed during the daytime, you can do small things to keep your daytime tasks and sleep separate. Lisa Strauss is a psychologist and expert in sleep disorders. She suggests using one side of the bed for reading and the other for sleeping. You can also bring out special blankets and pillows used only for sleeping. Freshen the air. Lower the lights. Cut the noise.Kahn also suggests keeping a clean, peaceful environment. For starters, he says to make sure the air flow is good.(Q5) “Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” says Kahn. He adds that this is especially important if you cook and sleep in the same place.ventilated adj. 通风的Another interior expert is Mia Ingui. She is editor at Spruce, a home design website. She suggests using calming smells like lavender or chamomile at bedtime, to “set the tone for restful sleep.”lavender n. 薰衣草chamomile n. 洋甘菊Also, be sure that computer, TV, and other electronic screens are turned off. In a small room, these devices are probably a short distance from the bed. Their light at night can affect our internal clocks, or circadian rhythm.circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的Do not forget about the sounds these devices make. If the buzz of nearby devices, appliances, or street sounds keep you awake, consider a noise machine. Ingui likes the Hatch Restore, a “sunrise lamp” that provides soothing sounds and lights up slowly in the morning. You can also buy noise cancelling curtains. These cut down on outside noises.buzz n. 嗡嗡声soothing adj. 抚慰的，使人宽心的Keep things clean and organizedAndrea Morris, the home designer, says one thing to avoid when it comes to studio living is leaving beds unmade.“It’s amazing how much better you feel after a hard day entering a space with a made bed,” she said.At night, she suggests putting away electronics. Side tables with plugs and ports for electronics help you store devices and keep things tidy ― or organized and clean. This is another example of choosing furniture that has multiple uses.Choose multi-use, storable beddingIf it difficult to control your studio apartment’s heating and cooling, Ingui recommends choosing materials for bedding that let the skin breathe. Such materials can keep you cool in warm weather and warm in cooler temperatures.She also suggests buying several pieces of bedding that are easy to store rather than big, bulky blankets. Studio apartments often do not have a lot of storage.With some thoughtful choices, your small space can have the feeling we all want from home life: calm, clean and good for both working and sleeping.Part III. KEYQ1. D. 细节题。题目出处为“This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room.” 意为：“这（即睡个好觉）在一居室公寓内会变得尤其困难，因为一居室公寓的客厅、厨房和睡眠区都在一个房间内。” 因此答案为D。Q2. B. 主旨题。题目出处为：“… asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.” 意为：“咨询睡眠专家和室内设计专家如何在一个小房间内有效工作和获得良好睡眠。”因此答案为B。Q3. C. 细节题。题目出处为“For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds.” 意为：“对于单间公寓，她喜欢壁床。这些床不用时可以折叠靠墙。它们更为人熟知的名字是墨菲床。” 因此答案为C。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“His suggestion is to ‘avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.’ He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.” 意为：“他的建议是‘避免在床上工作或做任何会产生压力的事情。’他说，这样有助于大脑将床与睡眠而非与清醒和工作联系起来。”因此答案为A。Q5. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” 意为：“确保你的房间通风良好，并考虑使用空气净化器。” 因此可以推断出良好的空气流通和使用空气净化器是很重要的。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 微塑料有害吗

VOA慢速：微塑料有害吗Are Microplastics Harmful? 慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 425词 | 4min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are microplastics and where can they be found, according to the text?A. They are natural sea organisms found only in oceans.B. They are tiny plastic pieces found in oceans, air, food, and human body tissues.C. They are a type of food additive used in processed foods.D. They are synthetic materials found only in manufactured products.Q2. What do some researchers believe about microplastics and human health?A. There is definitive evidence that microplastics harm human health.B. There are no concerns about microplastics and human health.C. There are concerns about potential health effects, but no clear evidence yet.D. Microplastics are beneficial to human health.Q3. What can be inferred about the current state of research on microplastics?A. It is in its early stages, and comprehensive conclusions about health effects are yet to be reached.B. It has definitively proved that microplastics are harmless.C. It has been extensively studied for decades with clear guidelines established.D. It shows that microplastics are beneficial for improving heart health.Q4. What is the primary focus of the text?A. The benefits of microplastics in daily life.B. The manufacturing process of microplastics.C. The presence and potential health effects of microplastics.D. Scientific advancements in plastic recycling.Q5. According to the text, how can people reduce their exposure to microplastics?A. By taking vitamins that reduce microplastics.B. By using plastic bottles and containers.C. By eating out frequently.D. By taking off shoes before entering the home and not heating food in plastic containers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAre Microplastics Harmful?(Q1) Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.(Q2/4) Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.Manufacturers mostly use oil or other petroleum products to make plastic. The material is used to make a huge number of different products: water bottles, car parts, children’s playthings, clothing, electronics and more. Heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller and smaller pieces.Microplastics can be 5 millimeters long at most or as small as one micrometer. A micrometer is one-one thousandth of a millimeter. Microplastics have been found in salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. They have also been found in milk, soil, and drinking water.micrometer n. 微米 Researchers disagree about how much plastic people might be breathing in or taking in as food and drink. Still, many studies find evidence of plastics in body tissues.Tracey Woodruff is a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco. She said, “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated.”Scientists are still trying to answer the question of how harmful microplastics might be. In 2022, a World Health Organization report found no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence.There is also not clear evidence of widespread public health effects.(Q3) However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects. Woodruff of U.C. San Francisco said it makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain poisonous chemicals. The researcher was part of an investigative team that examined nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California state lawmakers.Some evidence suggests plastics can increase inflammation and other changes in the body. Such changes could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.inflammation n. 炎症 Researchers say there are ways to reduce possible contact with microplastics.(Q5) Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside. Eat foods ― especially fresh fruits and vegetables ― that you prepare at home. Do not heat foods in plastic containers, Woodruff said. And, she added, use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.I’m Andrew Smith. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 意为：“极小的塑料碎片被称为微塑料，它们存在于海洋和空气以及我们的食物和水中。科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为：“Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.” 意为：“一些研究人员担心微塑料会危害人类健康，尽管他们表示科学尚未发现明确证据。不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康造成的影响，仍有许多问题有待解答。”因此答案为C。Q3. A. 推理题。题目出处为：“However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects.”意为：但是，研究人员最近才开始测量人体内的塑料水平并了解其可能的影响。”因此可以推断出，对于微塑料对健康影响的研究还处于早期阶段，尚未得出全面结论。因此答案为A。Q4. C. 主旨题。本文主要讨论了微塑料的存在以及它可能对健康产生的影响。题目出处为：“Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 和“Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.”意为：“科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”以及“不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康产生的影响，仍然有问题尚待解答。”因此答案为C。Q5. D. 细节题。题目出处为：“Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside... Do not heat foods in plastic containers… use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.”意为：“进家门之前脱鞋，这有助于防止微塑料在室内扩散……不要在塑料容器中加热食物……使用金属或玻璃水瓶，而不是塑料。”因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌授课

授课点评：潘紫萌老师在本次大赛中与来自全国各地的商务英语优秀教师展开激烈角逐，在教学理念、教学方法、课堂设计、英语素质、商务知识、教姿教态、师生互动等方面的表现都较突出，最后以总分第一荣获特等奖。潘老师以准确的英语发音先声夺人，丰富的表达方式、适中的语调语速和端庄的教姿教态也令人印象深刻。在课程设计环节，为实现其教学目标，她选择business ethics作为主题，介绍了教学目标、学生特征、以学生为中心和以产出为导向的教学理念，以及线上线下结合、传统和高科技媒体结合等丰富多彩的教学方式。这份介绍全面立体但简明扼要，为后面的演示（demo）课提供了一个很好的支撑。由于大赛的授课时间有限，潘老师突出重点，在演示课上只展示教学方案的第三步，即participatory learning 1 和 post assessment 1。她采用BOPPPS（bridge in, objectives, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post assessment, summary）模型，通过德国大众汽车减排作假、中国支付宝公益植树项目等案例，教学目标涵盖商务英语知识、技能、以及相关的伦理和价值观等。在短短的十几分钟里要达到这么多项教学目标绝非易事。潘老师通过一系列的短视频、多种教学方法（如听力填空、案例讨论、汉译英、样本对话补正等）以及活泼的师生互动，较好地实现了教学目标，显示出选手突出的课堂组织能力。商务英语教学起源于英美等国，因此基本使用本国素材、讲本国故事。传入中国后，主要使用外国素材、讲外国故事。令人欣喜的是，潘老师注意突出中国特色，多次引用中国案例，讲授中国故事，传播中国价值观。加上她出色的英语基本功和良好的师生互动，使得教学过程十分流畅，也没有不同文化同场展示的违和感。总而言之，潘紫萌老师在授课环节的各方面表现都很优秀。不足之处当然也有。首先， 8’13’’开始的讨论过于仓促，只有18秒， 8’31’’就结束了。由于讨论不充分，在随后的问答环节中，更多的回答似乎来自老师而不是学生。第二个是要增加教学过程的自然自发 (spontaneity)。不知是因为课前多次排练还是老师特意要求，学生的产出只有一次对话（17’40’’）相对自然，其他的多次回答虽准确无误，但都像中国小学生朗读课文或回答问题，语音、语调、语速都过于整齐合一，这不利于培养学生的英语实际表达能力。点评专家：陈准民

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

新世纪俄语专业本科生教材：俄语视听说教程 第3册 第15课 15

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