全新版大学英语视听说教程2

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程3

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

教学素材 | 锻炼的最佳时间真的存在吗？

锻炼的最佳时间真的存在吗？Is there a best time to exercise?词汇：四级 | 句法：四级 | 文本：四级刘立军供稿With our already busy lives, finding time to exercise can feel like one more thing on our ‘to do’ list. So maybe it would help if there was ‘a best time’ to exercise? Could exercising at certain times help maximize our fitness goals? The answer is ‘yes’, but it’s easier than you think — no matter who you are, or when you like to work out.在我们已经忙碌不堪的生活中，抽时间锻炼可能感觉像是又给我们的“待办清单”新增了一项任务。那么，是否存在一个“最佳锻炼时间”呢？在特定时间锻炼，是否能帮助我们最大化达成健身目标呢？答案是肯定的，而且比你想象的要简单——无论你是谁，或者你喜欢什么时候锻炼，都可以找到适合自己的方式。There are clear benefits to exercising in the morning. Many of us have more free time compared to later in the day, and it may therefore be easier for us to stick to a morning workout routine. 晨练有着明显的好处。与一天中的其他时段相比，许多人早晨的时间更充裕，因此更容易坚持晨练的习惯。A study published in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise found that participants who exercised in the morning increased their physical activity throughout the day, were less distracted by food, and slept better. Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism, which means you’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day. 发表在《运动医学与科学》上的一项研究发现，参与早晨锻炼的人在一整天中身体活动量增加，受到食物的干扰减少，并且睡眠质量更好。空腹晨练还能燃烧更多脂肪并提高新陈代谢，这意味着在一整天里都能持续消耗热量。So, good news for early birds, but what if you’re not a morning person?所以，早起确实有早起的好处，但如果你不是喜欢早起的人呢？Working out in the afternoon or evening also has benefits, just different ones. For example, your body’s ability to perform peaks in the afternoon, according to a 2010 study by the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 下午或晚上锻炼也有好处，只是优势有所不同。例如，根据《斯堪的纳维亚运动医学与科学杂志》2010年的一项研究，人体在下午时段的运动表现达到最佳状态。Also, in the afternoon and evening, your reaction time is quickest, and your heart rate and blood pressure are lowest, which reduce your chance of injury while improving performance.此外，在下午和晚上，你的反应速度最快，心率和血压最低，这不仅降低了受伤风险，还能提升运动表现。But does any of this change depending on whether you’re a man or a woman? Our bodies are different, after all, so the best time to exercise may be different too. A 2022 study from Skidmore College, New York, looked at exactly this question and the results showed that there are some differences.但这些结论是否会因性别不同而有所变化呢？毕竟，男性和女性的身体存在差异，因此锻炼的最佳时间也可能不同。纽约斯基德莫尔学院2022年的一项研究正好探讨了这个问题，结果显示确实存在一些差异。Want to reduce your blood pressure and you’re a woman? Exercise in the morning. Want to improve your heart health and you’re a man? Evening is better for you. But, ultimately, the study found that there are clear benefits for both sexes to exercising at either time of day.例如，如果你想降低血压，对于女性来说，早晨锻炼效果更佳；而如果你是男性，想改善心脏健康，晚上锻炼对你更有益。但最终，该研究发现，无论男女，在一天中的这两个时段锻炼都有明确的益处。So what time is best? It seems the answer is: whatever time is best for you!那么，什么时间锻炼最好呢？看来答案是：最适合你的时间，就是最佳时间！【词汇】1. maximize v. 最大化，使达到最大值2. workout n. 锻炼，健身活动3. metabolism n. 新陈代谢4. peak v. 达到高峰，达到最佳状态5. ultimately adv. 最终，从根本上来说 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

时文选读 | 我们为什么不喜欢接电话了

时文选读| 我们为什么不喜欢接电话了Why we’ve stopped answering the phone? 四级偏难 | 362词 刘立军供稿Part I. PassageSuddenly a sound rings out, stopping you in your tracks. Panicking, you search for where it could be coming from. It’s your phone, and if you’re like a quarter of 18 to 34-year-olds in a recent British study, you probably won’t answer it. The same study found that 70% of people in this age group prefer text messages to phone calls. Why do so many people hate phone calls?While previous generations grew up using landlines to talk to their friends, smartphone-equipped younger people have grown up accustomed to using text messages, group chats and voice notes for social conversations. What these media have in common is that they are asynchronous — they don’t need to happen in real time. When you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. It also means that you can reply when it’s best for you. Synchronous communication, like phone calls or face-to-face conversations, can lead people to feel a loss of control and the corresponding anxiety. Coupled to this is that fact that many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news.This means that new social codes are being established. Many people will now text someone to see if they’re available to take a phone call. If someone doesn’t feel able to sum something up in a few short messages, they might leave a long voice note. Could it be that not wanting to intrude on someone with a sudden phone call is just a question of good manners and respecting someone’s boundaries?Maybe, but this doesn’t mean that anxiety around communication has been eliminated. Texting may be asynchronous, but many people report tensions from being ‘left on read’ — when you know someone has read your message, but they don’t, or won’t, reply. Many would agree with British writer Daisy Buchanan, who reminds us how picking up the phone to talk to someone can be far more effective at relieving tension than a series of awkward messages. So, are these new social codes better at respecting boundaries, or are they just creating a whole new set of potential anxieties?【Vocabulary】1. asynchronous adj. 不同时发生的，非共时的2. craft v. 精心制作3. synchronous adj. 同步的，同时发生的Part II. QuestionsQ1. Why do younger generations prefer texting over phone calls, according to the text? A. Texting allows them to avoid bad news completely.B. Texting provides greater control over the timing and content of replies.C. Texting eliminates the need for voice notes in conversations.D. Texting is considered more polite and respectful than phone calls.Q2. What can be inferred about phone calls from the passage?A. They are mostly used by older generations now.B. They may cause discomfort due to their unexpected nature.C. They are still the preferred method for urgent messages.D. They help reduce social anxiety in communication.Q3. What social change is reflected in today’s phone etiquette?A. People avoid making any phone calls to others.B. Long voice notes are mainly used to express stress.C. It is polite to text first before calling someone.D. Calling without warning is now considered normal.Q4. What does Daisy Buchanan suggest about phone calls compared to texting?A. Phone calls are more effective at resolving communication anxiety.B. Phone calls are considered outdated by most young people.C. Texting is better at respecting boundaries in sensitive situations.D. Texting creates fewer misunderstandings than phone calls.Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：When you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. It also means that you can reply when it’s best for you. 意为：“当你能够不受干扰地构思回复内容时，你就能更好地掌控自己在对话中的表达。这也意味着你可以在对自身最有利的时候做出回应。”正确答案为B。Q2.【答案】B【解析】推断题。题目出处：… many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news. 暗示突如其来的电话让人紧张或不安。A 项虽可能正确但未在文中提及；C 项和D 项与原文意思相反。Q3.【答案】C【解析】细节题。文中指出，人们现在更倾向于先发短信确认对方是否方便接电话，以避免突然打扰，这种做法反映了一种新的社交礼仪。因此，正确答案是C。A项“避免所有通话”说法太绝对；B项“表达压力”并非语音信息的主要用途；D项则与文意相反，因为段末提出突然来电可能被认为不礼貌、不尊重他人边界。Q4.【答案】A【解析】推理题。题目出处：Many would agree with British writer Daisy Buchanan, who reminds us how picking up the phone to talk to someone can be far more effective at relieving tension than a series of awkward messages. 意为：“许多人会同意英国作家黛西·布坎南的观点，她提醒我们，与其发送一系列尴尬的信息，不如拿起电话与某人交谈，这可以更有效地缓解紧张情绪。”可以推断，她认为电话比短信更能有效缓解沟通焦虑。因此正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

时文选读 | 数字游民：自由与挑战并存的漂泊人生

时文选读| 数字游民：自由与挑战并存的漂泊人生Life as a digital nomad六级 偏易| 337词 刘立军供稿Part I. PassageIf you could work from any location in the world, where would you go? Picture filling in a spreadsheet on a sandy Caribbean island, or maybe a little rooftop cafe in Rome where you can sip an espresso while editing a social media video. More and more countries are offering digital nomad visas and therefore the chance to work remotely, from wherever you’d like to.This way of working is on the rise. A 2023 report found that 11% of US workers now consider themselves a digital nomad, and this type of worker is expected to increase in number by more than 20 million in the next five years. Traditionally, digital nomads have worked freelance. They might be social media managers, software developers or copywriters, but now even traditional professions like accountants and lawyers are taking the leap. But what is the life of a digital nomad really like?Rowena Hennigan, who writes for Harvard Business Review, is a digital nomad along with her family. They have a ‘home base’ in Spain but frequently go away for workcations that can last from weeks to months. She says that compared to a ‘traditional’ model of raising children, “remote working has allowed my family to move away from that kind of intensity, and this way, we all get to move at a more sustainable and healthy pace.” Plus, her family are regularly exposed to new cultures, languages and natural beauty.Though it doesn’t work for everyone. Francesca Specter, a writer for The Guardian, decided to country-hop where her ‘office’ included beaches, cafes and coworking spaces. But along with struggling to find reliable wi-fi and fighting bouts of loneliness, she wrote that she felt envious as she cooled her overheating laptop in the shade while holidaymakers relaxed by the pool. She said, “I was chronically firefighting unglamorous concerns such as missing luggage or sleep deprivation after an overnight flight delay.”So, it’s not for everyone, but if you ever feel like escaping the rat-race, why not give it a go?【Vocabulary】1. spreadsheet n. 电子表格2. espresso n. 浓缩咖啡3. nomad n. 游牧者，流浪者4. freelance adv. 自由职业地5. copywriter n. 文案撰稿人6. accountant n. 会计师7. workcation n. 边工作边度假8. country-hop v. 边工作边穿梭于不同国家旅行9. bout n.一阵（情绪）10. rat-race n. 激烈竞争的生活方式Part II. QuestionsQ1. According to the text, what is one reason digital nomad visas are becoming popular?A. They allow people to work without restrictions.B. They offer opportunities to work from any location.C. They guarantee reliable wi-fi and coworking spaces.D. They encourage traditional professions to go freelance.Q2. What does Rowena Hennigan say about remote working compared to traditional parenting models?A. It allows her family to travel without a home base.B. It exposes her family to fewer cultural experiences.C. It helps her family adopt a healthier and sustainable pace.D. It reduces the need for childcare and traditional schooling.Q3. What can be inferred about the lifestyle of digital nomads?A. It offers flexibility but comes with unique challenges.B. It is only suitable for people in creative industries.C. It eliminates the need for a permanent home base.D. It guarantees a glamorous and stress-free work life.Q4. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To encourage readers to adopt a digital nomad lifestyle.B. To explain how digital nomads overcome work challenges.C. To compare digital nomadism with traditional work models.D. To analyze the pros and cons of being a digital nomad.Part III. KEYQ1. 【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处为：More and more countries are offering digital nomad visas and therefore the chance to work remotely, from wherever you’d like to. 意为：“越来越多的国家开始提供数字游民签证，让人们可以远程工作，并在任何自己想去的地方办公。”这里明确指出数字游民签证提供了远程工作的机会，使人们得以“在任何地方工作”，因此正确答案为B。Q2. 【答案】C【解析】细节题。题目出处为：Remote working has allowed my family to move away from that kind of intensity, and this way, we all get to move at a more sustainable and healthy pace. 意为：“远程办公让我家人得以远离那种高强度的生活节奏，以更可持续、更健康的方式生活。”这里强调了远程工作对家庭节奏的积极影响，帮助Rowena Hennigan一家摆脱紧张状态并实现可持续的生活方式，因此正确答案为C。Q3. 【答案】A【解析】推理题。题目出处为：Though it doesn’t work for everyone. Francesca Specter, a writer for The Guardian, decided to country-hop … But along with struggling to find reliable wi-fi and fighting bouts of loneliness, she wrote that she felt envious as she cooled her overheating laptop in the shade while holidaymakers relaxed by the pool. 意为：“但这种生活方式并不适合所有人。《卫报》撰稿人弗朗西丝卡·斯派克特（Francesca Specter）决定在不同国家间“跳岛”旅行……但同时，她也在努力寻找可靠的无线网络并与孤独作斗争。她写道，当她在阴凉处给过热的笔记本降温时，看着度假者在泳池边放松，她感到羡慕。”这个案例指出了数字游民生活方式的灵活性及其伴随的挑战，如可能会孤独或遇到网络不畅等问题，因此可以推断，它既有优势也有挑战，因此正确答案为A。Q4. 【答案】D【解析】主旨题。文章分析了数字游民生活方式的优缺点，既指出了其灵活性和跨文化体验，又揭示了其背后的孤独和可能遇到的困难。整篇文章的核心是分析数字游民生活方式的优缺点，而不是单纯鼓励或比较，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 诺奖官网对2024年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主维克托·安布罗斯的电话访谈

诺奖官网对2024年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主维克托·安布罗斯的电话访谈Telephone Interview with Victor Ambros, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024常速| 四级（高考）难 | 782词 | 5min16s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. How did Victor Ambros initially find out about winning the Nobel Prize?A. From Thomas Perlmann of the Nobel Committee.B. From a journalist who called his son.C. From his son who called him directly.D. From a colleague at his workplace.Q2. What was Victor Ambros’s initial reaction to the news of winning the Nobel Prize?A. He felt it was a mistake.B. He was surprised and thought it was for his friends.C. He expected it because of his contributions.D. He was indifferent and focused on other work.Q3. What did Victor Ambros consider an appropriate prize for RNAi?A. A prize that included microRNAs.B. A prize that focused on basic science.C. A prize that celebrated the work of nematode researchers.D. A prize that recognized the versatility of RNA.Q4. How many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work with nematodes before this one?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.Q5. Who is Gary Ruvkun to Victor Ambros?A. A colleague he respects.B. A former mentor.C. A competitor in the field.D. A distant acquaintance.Q6. What kind of joy did Victor Ambros feel when he won the Nobel Prize?A. Muted joy.B. Overwhelming excitement.C. Relief.D. Pride.Q7. What did Victor Ambros learn from Edward Gruberg?A. How to read the literature.B. How to conduct routine experiments.C. How to be aware of what’s new in the field.D. All of the above.Q8. What was the main topic of the meeting Victor Ambros attended in Ottawa?A. The formation of RNA Canada.B. The celebration of RNA research.C. The impact of RNA on agriculture and climate change.D. A combination of all the above.Q9. What is the main idea of the interview?A. The versatility and importance of RNA.B. The importance of curiosity-driven research.C. The surprise and joy of winning the Nobel Prize.D. The impact of working with great scientists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTTelephone Interview with Victor Ambros, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024VA= Victor Ambros; AS= Adam SmithVA: Hello?AS: Hello, am I speaking with Victor Ambros?VA: You are. Morning!AS: Good morning. Very early morning, I know. Many congratulations on the news!VA: Well, thank you. Sorry that my phone was in the other room this morning, so I didn’t hear any earlier calls.AS: Not…not at all…VA: Thank you. AS: I mean, you haven’t yet spoken with Thomas Perlmann from the Nobel Committee, I guess?VA: No, I have not.AS: Did you actually receive the news by being called by a journalist?VA: (Q1) I received the news by being called by my son! Yeah, a journalist called my son. Right, and so my son called.AS: That’s a nice call to make to your dad.VA: I bet, yeah!AS: It must all be a bit bewildering, getting the news just as it’s all breaking, so everybody is all trying to reach you. But if I can ask, what are your initial thoughts?bewildering adj. 令人困惑的VA: (Q2) Well, I mean, my initial thought was great surprise because (Q3) I had understood the prize to my good friends Craig Mello and Andy Fire for RNAi, I considered that to be an appropriate prize which encompassed microRNAs. So I had kind of put the idea aside, although people from time to time do mention, you know, “Oh, you might win a Nobel Prize,” but I always dismissed that as, you know, “No, no, no, it’s OK. It’s all been covered, and appropriately,” you know.encompass v. 包含AS: (Q4) Well, this is also the fourth Nobel Prize for the nematode.nematode n. 线虫VA: Yeah, and that gives me incredible pride, you know, and (Q5) the fact that Ruvkun is, the other awardee, is incredible, because Gary is such a good friend. Yeah, I mean you ask me what my first sense was, it’s surprise. (Q6) And secondly, of course, it’s a kind of muted joy because, you know, whenever this kind of thing happens to basic scientists, especially scientists working on the nematode, it’s… I think it’s a wonderful thing for everybody doing this kind of work. We see it as a, in a way, as a celebration not really of the particular scientist in this case, but of the way of doing science, you know. Curiosity-driven, genetic studies of a complicated phenomenon and what you hope is you’ll learn a little bit more about how the phenomenon works.muted adj. 减弱的genetic adj. 遗传的AS: Yeah.VA: And it’s always amazing when the findings are new enough to be of interest broadly.AS: And I wondered whether that ability to be on the lookout for new phenomena and really take them seriously and investigate them — that’s a special art — is it something that you think was a particular benefit of having worked with, for instance, David Baltimore for your PhD, Bob Horvitz for your Postdoc? Did that train you in the art of looking for the unexpected?VA: Yes, yes, very much so. I mean (Q7) I was fortunate enough to work with a series of fantastic scientists, Bob and David, and before that, I worked with a postdoc named Edward Gruberg, and Gruberg was a fantastic mentor and really got me alerted to the fact that you can find out new things doing sort of routine experiments, you know. And he also taught me how to read the literature and therefore train myself, you know, to be aware of what’s known and what’s not known, so that you can notice what’s new.mentor n. 导师AS: It’s also a celebration of the versatility of RNA this prize, isn’t it, I mean, yet again, something unexpected?VA: Yeah, that’s actually very exciting to consider that, yeah, you made a really good point. (Q8) I just got back from a meeting in Ottawa, which is a meeting of the Riboclub, and there was over 500 people there, and they celebrated the formation of RNA Canada, which is the nationwide network of scientists and others promoting research around RNA, or else, agriculture, climate change and so forth. We all know that RNA is fascinating and incredibly versatile. It was the whole meeting was kind of like a celebration of RNA, especially when I went to the posters, there was poster sessions with young people doing incredibly diverse amount of you know, kinds of work.formation n. 形成versatile adj. 多才多艺的，多功能的AS: I guess today… today will help to boost that message then. I long to know what your son actually said to you when he called you?VA: (to someone off the phone) Hey Candy, what did Greg say? “Have you been getting calls from Sweden? You should answer the phone,” he said.AS: That’s nice! OK, well, thank you very much indeed, and once again, congratulations.VA: All right, OK, bye-bye. AS: Bye.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I received the news by being called by my son! Yeah, a journalist called my son. Right, and so my son called.” 可知Victor Ambros是通过他儿子的来电得知自己获奖消息的。答案是C。Q2. B. 【解析】细节题。根据：“Well, I mean, my initial thought was great surprise because I had understood the prize to my good friends Craig Mello and Andy Fire for RNAi...” 可知Victor Ambros的第一反应是非常惊讶，因为他以为这个奖颁发给了他的好朋友Craig Mello和Andy Fire的RNAi研究的。答案是B。Q3. A. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I had understood the prize to my good friends Craig Mello and Andy Fire for RNAi, I considered that to be an appropriate prize which encompassed microRNAs.” 可知Victor Ambros认为包含微小RNA 研究的奖项才是对 RNA 干扰研究合适的认可。答案是A。Q4. D. 【解析】细节题。根据：“Well, this is also the fourth Nobel Prize for the nematode.”这表明之前已经有三次诺贝尔奖是关于线虫研究的，加上这一次，总共是四次。答案是D。Q5. A. 【解析】细节题。根据：“the fact that Ruvkun is, the other awardee, is incredible, because Gary is such a good friend.”可知Gary Ruvkun是Victor Ambros非常尊重的同事和朋友。答案是A。Q6. A. 【解析】细节题。根据：“And secondly, of course, it’s a kind of muted joy because, you know ...” 可知Victor Ambros感到的是一种含蓄的喜悦。答案是A。Q7. D. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I worked with a postdoc named Edward Gruberg, and Gruberg was a fantastic mentor and really got me alerted to the fact that you can find out new things doing sort of routine experiments, you know. And he also taught me how to read the literature and therefore train myself, you know, to be aware of what’s known and what’s not known, so that you can notice what’s new.” 可知Victor Ambros与一个名叫Edward Gruberg的博士后一起工作过，Gruberg是一个了不起的导师，他让Victor意识到可以通过进行一些常规实验来发现新事物，还教会了他如何阅读文献，训练自身要了解已知和未知的事情，这表明Victor Ambros从Edward Gruberg那里学到了如何阅读文献、进行常规实验以及如何意识到领域内的新事物。答案是D。Q8. D. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I just got back from a meeting in Ottawa, which is a meeting of the Riboclub, and there was over 500 people there, and they celebrated the formation of RNA Canada, which is the nationwide network of scientists and others promoting research around RNA, or else, agriculture, climate change and so forth.” 可知Victor Ambros刚刚从渥太华的一个会议回来，会上还庆祝了 “加拿大 RNA” 组织的成立，这是一个全国性的网络组织，由科学家和其他人士组成，旨在推动 RNA 相关研究，以及农业、气候变化等领域的研究。答案是D。Q9. C. 【解析】主旨题。整个访谈主要围绕Victor Ambros得知自己获得诺贝尔奖的第一反应，以及他的感受和对这一成就的看法。虽然访谈中也提到了好奇心驱动的研究、RNA的多功能性以及与伟大科学家合作的影响，但这些都是围绕他获奖的情感体验展开的。因此，答案是C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 如何写提示词

如何写提示词How to write a prompt快速| 六级 易 | 1682词 | 8min30s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the primary purpose of the video?A. To introduce the formula for mastering prompts.B. To promote the speaker’s tech skills.C. To share personal anecdotes about tech.D. To compare ChatGPT with Google Bard.Q2. What is the most important component of a good prompt?A. Tone.B. Task.C. Context.D. Persona.Q3. How should the task component be structured?A. With a casual tone.B. With exemplars provided.C. With detailed context.D. With an action verb at the beginning.Q4. What does the speaker imply about the context component in prompts?A. It is optional.B. It is the easiest to get right.C. There is an infinite amount of information you can give.D. It is not as important as the task.Q5. What is the purpose of including exemplars in a prompt?A. To limit the AI's response.B. To improve the quality of the output.C. To provide additional context.D. To give the AI more tasks.Q6. What does the speaker suggest when determining the persona for a prompt?A. Think of a famous person.B. Consider the user’s background.C. Imagine someone with expertise relevant to the task.D. Use a persona only if necessary.Q7. What is an example of a comprehensive prompt given by the speaker?A. I'm a 70 kg male. Give me a 3-month training program.B. I need a report summary. Use H2 for section headers.C. Please provide a list of tone keywords for an email.D. Write an email from Batman for a team offsite.Q8. What does the speaker mean by the format of a prompt?A. The arrangement of the components.B. The desired outcome’s structure and appearance.C. The way the AI should address the user.D. The format in which the prompt is written.Q9. What is the key to using tone effectively in a prompt?A. Matching the tone to the desired output feeling.B. Being formal and professional.C. Using a tone that the AI can understand.D. Avoiding tone-related instructions.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow to write a promptI don’t usually overhide myself, but in this video, we’re going over the only formula you will ever need to master prompting on ChatGPT and Google Bard. So, let’s get started. Hey friends, welcome back to the channel. If you’re new here, my name is Jeff. I work full time in tech. And if you’re anything like me, a couple months ago, you know prompting is an important skill to learn, but you’re not exactly sure why some prompts generate outputs that are super generic, while others give you precisely what you’re looking for. Since then, I’ve spent hundreds of hours taking prompt engineering courses and applying what I’ve learned in my daily life. (Q1) And so in this video, I’m sharing the six building blocks that make up a good prompt so that you can use this formula to consistently generate high quality outputs. The 6 Prompt ComponentsThe BasicsFirst, it’s critical to not only know what the six components are, task, context, exemplars, persona, format, and tone, but also know that there’s an order of importance to these six components. To show you what I mean, let’s use this simple example. I’m a 70 kg male. Give me a 3-month training program. The first part is context, followed by the task. The reason why the task is higher up in the form, the hierarchy, is if we just input the task without the context, there’s still some sort of meaningful output. But if we just give ChatGPT the context, nothing really happens. Put another way, (Q2)it’s mandatory to have a task in your process prompt. It’s important to include relevant context and exemplars. And it’s nice to have persona, format, and tone. When you think of writing your prompt, go down this mental checklist. So this formula will act as a constant reminder for you to include just enough relevant information when writing prompts. And as you’ll see in this next part, you do not need all six components in every prompt to have a good output. mandatory adj. 强制的，义务的#1 TASKNow let’s break down each building block with specific examples. (Q3) Starting with the task, the rule of thumb is to always start the task sentence with an action verb, generate, give, write, analyze, etc., and clearly articulate what your end goal is. It could be one simple task like generating a three-month training program or a complex three-step task like analyzing hundreds of user feedback, sharing the top three takeaways, and categorizing the feedback based on the team responsible for following up. #2 CONTEXT(Q4) The second component, context, is the trickiest to get right because technically there’s an infinite amount of information you can give. So I found asking myself these three questions to be super helpful in coming up with just enough information to get a good result from ChatGPT. First, what’s the user’s background? Second, what does success look like? And third, what environment are they in? Back to the workout example we now have, I’m a 70 kg male looking to put on 5 kg of muscle mass over the next three months. I only have time to go to the gym twice a week and for one hour each session. Give me a three-month training program to follow. Could I have added more background information? Of course, only prioritize the muscle groups that make me look good on Instagram. But the key to staying productive with ChatGPT and Bard is giving just enough information to constrain the endless possibilities. By the way, although this video is not sponsored, it is supported by those of you who subscribe to my paid productivity newsletter on Google Workspace Tips. Link in the description to learn more. #3 EXEMPLARS = EXEMPLESMoving over to the exemplars component, it’s just a fancy way of saying examples. (Q5) Basically all the research on large language models, LLMs, have shown that including examples within the prompt drastically improves the quality of the output. Starting with a simple example, this is a poorly written bullet point from a resume. We can now ask ChatGPT to rewrite this bullet point using this structure. I accomplished X by the measure Y that resulted in Z, which is actually best practice by the way, so actually do this in your resume. For example, I lowered hospital mortality rate by 10% by educating nurses in new protocols, which translates to 200 lives saved per year. exemplar n. 范例，样本Here’s a slightly more complicated example for interview prep. Based on my own resume, write me an answer to the interview question. What’s your biggest weakness? Use the STAR answer framework, situation, task, action, and results. Here instead of using a full blown interview answer as an example, which would be overkill, the STAR framework acts as an example structure for ChatGPT to follow. overkill n. 过度，过犹不及Last example, let’s say you need to write a job description. You give some context around the opening and ask ChatGPT to reference an existing job description. You might use this one I found on LinkedIn. The output will follow the same formatting and use the same professional HRE language, saving me a bunch of time. Main takeaway here, exemplars are not necessary for every prompt, but including a relevant example or framework will greatly improve the quality of your output. #4 PERSONAMoving along, the persona component is basically who you want ChatGPT and Bard to be. (Q6) And the pro tip here is to think of someone you wish you had instant access to with the task you’re facing. If you injured yourself working out, that person might be a physical therapist with experience helping athletes recover. If you’re a job seeker, that person might be a recruiter or hiring manager. If you’re working on a creative brief, that person might be a senior product marketing manager who’s great at storytelling. Pro tip, you can also name specific individuals, but I found the results to be good only when they’re famous enough, like Warren Buffett, Steve Jobs, Jeff Su. By the way, I just have to share this. We have a team offsite with a superhero’s theme. (Q7) So I asked ChatGPT to draft an email from Batman and it even included things like, please let Alfred know and signed off as the Dark Knight. So fictional characters work as well. And I’m actually going to use this. persona n. 角色，人物形象#5 FORMAT(Q8) The fifth component, format. The pro tip here is to literally close your eyes and visualize how exactly you want the end result to look like. A million likes on my Thirst Bomb Instagram photo. Damn it, didn’t work. Back to the user feedback example, I don’t want to read each sentence. So I asked ChatGPT to take all the feedback and output a table with three headers. The original feedback, the team responsible for following up and priority. And now I can copy this directly and paste it into a Google sheet. So by priority and filter by team. Other common formats include emails, bullet points, and code blocks. header n. 标题，标头But the one I found to be the most useful as a full-time working professional is paragraphs and markdown. For example, I just received a lengthy industry report from my director. First give me the three key takeaways, then summarize based on topic. Use H2 as section headers. Here is the report. Pro tip, whenever I use ChatGPT to proofread any document, I specify that all changes need to be bolded so I can easily see exactly what has been changed. #6 TONELet’s quickly go through the last component, tone, before we put all this together in one example. (Q9) The good news is tone is easy to understand. Use a casual or formal tone of voice. Give me a witty output, show enthusiasm, sound pessimistic. The bad news is we’re usually not very good at recalling the thousands of potential adjectives and adverbs at a moment’s notice. (Q10) So here’s a pro tip. Tell ChatGPT the feeling you’re going for. For example, I’m writing an email to a team I haven’t worked with before and I want to be taken seriously without coming off as too stuck up and cringy. Can you please give me a list of five tone keywords I can include in a prompt for ChatGPT? And look, now in the actual prompt, I can say, use clear and concise language and write in a friendly yet confident tone. EXAMPLE PROMPTPutting all this together, let’s look at this comprehensive prompt. You are a senior product marketing manager at Apple [Persona] and you have just unveiled the latest Apple product in collaboration with Tesla, the Apple Car, and received 12,000 pre-orders, which is 200% higher than target. [Context] Write an email to your boss, Tim Cookie, sharing this positive news. [Task and Format], The email should include a TLDR, too long, didn’t read section. Project background, why this product came into existence, business results section, quantifiable business metrics, and end with a section thanking the product and engineering teams. [Example structure] Use clear and concise language and write in a confident yet friendly tone. [Tone] Note that if I had an existing email to reference, I could delete the instructions around the structure and simply tell ChatGPT the email should follow the exact same format as the one I will share below and paste the email from before. By the way, you can compare the output from this prompt to that of a simpler prompt. I just launched a new product, the Apple car. I received 12,000 pre-orders. Please run email to my boss with this update. There’s a pretty big difference in terms of how generic and usable the end result is. Now that you know the basics of prompting, my next video is going to take you from beginner to pro, so make sure you’re subscribed for that. Check out my top 5 ChatGPT productivity tips for work. See you on the next video. In the meantime, have a great one.Part III. KEYQ1. A. 主旨题。根据“I’m sharing the six building blocks that make up a good prompt so that you can use this formula to consistently generate high quality outputs.”可知是视频的主要目的是分分享构成优质提示的六个核心要素，让大家能用这个公式持续生成高质量内容。因此答案为A。Q2. B. 细节题。根据“it’s mandatory to have a task in your process prompt”可知提示中必须有一个任务，这表明任务是最重要的组成部分。因此答案为B。Q3.D. 细节题。根据“Starting with the task, the rule of thumb is to always start the task sentence with an action verb...”可知任务部分应该以一个动作动词开头。因此答案为D。Q4. C. 细节题。根据“The second component, context, is the trickiest to get right because technically there’s an infinite amount of information you can give.”可知上下文是最棘手的，因为理论上，你可以提供无限量的信息。这表明上下文部分可以有无限的信息。因此答案为C。Q5. B. 细节题。根据“Basically all the research on large language models, LLMs, have shown that including examples within the prompt drastically improves the quality of the output.”可知研究表明，在提示中包含示例能大幅提升输出质量。因此答案为B。Q6. C. 细节题。根据“And the pro tip here is to think of someone you wish you had instant access to with the task you’re facing.”可知讲话者建议确定提示的人物角色时，应该设定为一个与任务相关的专业人士。因此答案为C。Q7. D. 细节题。根据“So I asked ChatGPT to draft an email from Batman and it even included things like, please let Alfred know and signed off as the Dark Knight.”可知讲话者提到，他让ChatGPT起草一封来自蝙蝠侠的电子邮件，包含了请通知阿尔弗雷德并以黑暗骑士的名义签字等细节，这是给出的一个综合提示的例子，其中包含了任务、角色和场景3个要素。因此答案为D。Q8. B. 细节题。根据“The fifth component, format. The pro tip here is to literally close your eyes and visualize how exactly you want the end result to look like.” 可知格式是闭眼能想象到最终结果的样子，也就是输出结果的预期结构和外观。因此答案为B。Q9. B. 推理题。根据“So here’s a pro tip. Tell ChatGPT the feeling you’re going for.”可知在使用提示时，应该指定输出的期望情感，即语气应该与输出的预期感觉相匹配。因此答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 如何预防狂犬病

如何预防狂犬病WHO’s Science in 5: Rabies — Protect Yourself and Your Pets常速| 四级 难 | 836词 | 5min14s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is a key characteristic of rabies that makes it particularly dangerous?A. It is highly contagious through air.B. It is always symptomatic before fatal.C. It is fatal once symptoms appear.D. It can be cured with antibiotics.Q2. What behavior should be avoided to prevent rabies transmission from animals?A. Playing with vaccinated pets.B. Feeding stray animals.C. Walking pets in the park.D. Training pets at home.Q3. Why is it crucial to understand animal body language according to the text?A. It helps train animals more effectively.B. It allows for better pet entertainment.C. It reduces the need for vaccinations.D. It helps in avoiding situations that may lead to bites.Q4. What is the role of children in rabies prevention strategies?A. They can learn to avoid bites and promote responsible pet ownership.B. They are less likely to follow prevention guidelines.C. They are not affected by rabies.D. They should avoid all contact with animals.Q5. How has the rabies vaccine changed since the outdated version?A. It is now less effective.B. It is more painful.C. It is safer and less painful.D. It requires more doses.Q6. How can vaccines protect you if administered after a bite?A. By eliminating the virus immediately.B. By building immunity before the virus reaches the brain.C. By neutralizing all symptoms instantly.D. By preventing any future bites.Q7. What should you do immediately after being bitten by an animal?A. Cover the wound with a bandage.B. Apply ice to the wound.C. Wash the wound for 15 minutes with soap and water.D. Take painkillers.Q8. What percentage of rabies deaths are attributed to children?A. 10%.B. 20%.C. 40%.D. 50%.Q9. Why is it important to vaccinate animals against rabies?A. It prevents the spread of rabies to humans.B. It eliminates all viruses in animals.C. It cures infected animals.D. It makes animals immune to all diseases.Q10. What is the primary focus of rabies prevention efforts according to the text?A. Treating infected animals.B. Reducing travel to endemic areas.C. Developing new antibiotics.D. Vaccination and education to prevent bites.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWHO’s Science in 5: Rabies - Protect Yourself and Your PetsVismita Gupta-Smith: Hello and welcome to Science in 5. This is Orion and that’s Daft Punk. Orion has been a street dog as well as a pet. But the most important thing about Orion is that he’s vaccinated against rabies. We’re talking about rabies with Bernadette. Bernadette, what’s the most important thing that people should remember about rabies?vaccinate v. 接种疫苗rabies n. 狂犬病Bernadette Abela: Rabies kills. We have very good vaccines both for animals and for humans, so we should put them to use. We can prevent rabies. We can prevent the bite. And we can use our vaccines to protect us.Vismita Gupta-Smith: Bernadette, what is rabies? And just how serious a disease is this?Bernadette Abela: So rabies kills. It kills the human. It kills the animal. Usually, that happens rather quickly within ten days. Rabies is a viral disease, and it is spread mostly through the bites of dogs and actually other mammals. But the dogs are the principal source of rabies for human infection. Other mammals can be infected. There’s a whole diversity of different viruses. So we often think about the bat, for example. But most of the human cases are transmitted by dogs. (Q1) The scary thing about rabies is that it’s fatal. If you start showing symptoms, you die.viral adj. 病毒的Vismita Gupta-Smith: Sounds really serious. So talk to us about how we can prevent rabies.Bernadette Abela: The very first thing is you can avoid bites, animal bites in general. (Q2) You know, feeding animals that you don’t know. You should avoid that. Petting animals, which you don’t know. You should avoid that. Playing with puppies when there’s a mom and she’s not looking very happy. You should avoid that. (Q3) If we know how to behave around animals, if we can understand what they are telling us through their body language, we can actually avoid bites. And the best audience for this are the ones that are most affected by rabies, and those are children. So when we implement school programs around you know how to behave around animals, hygiene with animals, that is the audience we need to speak to. (Q4) And that also nurtures responsible animal ownership, which is actually the underlying need in most places. If you have an animal, you have a responsibility to care for it and also to provide it with the health care it needs.petting v. 抚摸puppy n. 小狗Vismita Gupta-Smith: Bernadette, growing up in India, I was bitten twice by street dogs. One of them was, a dog that had newborn pups and was very protective about them. And after I was bitten, I received 14 injections in my abdomen, which was very painful. How have vaccines changed since then?abdomen n. 腹部Bernadette Abela: The vaccine you got as a child, that is an outdated vaccine. It’s called nerve tissue vaccine. We do not use it anymore. WHO has stopped recommending this vaccine for decades already. (Q5) There is a new vaccine which is, very safe and effective and not painful. It is administered in the shoulder as with many other vaccines and can protect you against rabies. You can use vaccines after a bite to protect you against developing rabies. And that’s, as I said, (Q6)sort of fighting the virus by racing it to the brain so our body can build immunity before the virus reaches the brain. You won’t develop rabies. The other way is many people work with animals or work in laboratories or travel to exotic places where they may be exposed to rabies. In that case, you can also have vaccination to protect you in advance of any type of exposure being a bite or other.Vismita Gupta-Smith: When you’re bitten, what should be your next steps?Bernadette Abela: (Q7) Wash the wound for 15 minutes with soap and water, very simple. That is so important because you’ll be washing away the virus from the wound, which will clean the wound. That helps to wash away the virus. If you’re in an endemic area, then you should also seek medical advice so that they can assess whether you need vaccines and the sooner you can do this, the better.endemic adj. 地方性的，流行的Vismita Gupta-Smith: Very good. So if you’re a pet owner or even if you are around street dogs, things to remember is vaccinate the dogs and the animals if you can. And then prevent bites as much as you can.Bernadette Abela: Yes. 60,000 people still die of rabies. (Q8) 40% of those are mostly children. So it’s still very present. We should also remember that we have very powerful tools. (Q9) We’ve got vaccines that are so powerful, it can protect us and our animals from rabies. But most of all, we can also prevent the bites because that is the source of rabies. So if we learn how to behave with animals, we can already prevent bites which will never go away. But we can also prevent rabies.Vismita Gupta-Smith: Thank you very much, Bernadette. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 细节题。根据：“The scary thing about rabies is that it’s fatal. If you start showing symptoms, you die.”可知狂犬病的可怕之处在于它是致命的。一旦出现症状，就会死亡。因此答案是C。Q2. B. 细节题。根据：“You know, feeding animals that you don’t know. You should avoid that.” 可知我们应该避免喂食不认识的动物，流浪动物也属于我们不认识的动物。因此答案是B。Q3. D. 推理题。根据：“If we know how to behave around animals, if we can understand what they are telling us through their body language, we can actually avoid bites.”可知如果我们知道如何与动物相处，能通过它们的肢体语言理解它们在告诉我们什么，我们实际上可以避免被咬伤。因此答案是D。Q4. A. 细节题。根据：“And that also nurtures responsible animal ownership, which is actually the underlying need in most places.” 可知通过学校教育，可以培养儿童负责任的动物饲养意识。因此答案是A。Q5. C. 细节题。根据：“There is a new vaccine which is, very safe and effective and not painful.” 可知新疫苗非常安全有效，而且不痛苦。因此答案是C。Q6.B. 细节题。根据：“sort of fighting the virus by racing it to the brain so our body can build immunity before the virus reaches the brain” 可知疫苗相当于和病毒赛跑，在病毒到达大脑之前，让我们的身体建立起免疫力，这样就不会患上狂犬病。因此答案是B。Q7. C. 细节题。根据：“Wash the wound for 15 minutes with soap and water, very simple.”可知被咬伤后，我们应用肥皂和水清洗伤口15分钟。因此答案是C。Q8. C. 细节题。根据：“40% of those are mostly children.” 可知儿童占比为40%。因此答案是C。Q9. A. 细节题。根据：“We’ve got vaccines that are so powerful, it can protect us and our animals from rabies.” 可知我们有非常强大的疫苗，可以保护我们和我们的动物免受狂犬病的侵害。因此答案是A。Q10. D. 主旨题。根据整篇讨论，主要强调了通过疫苗接种和教育来预防咬伤，从而控制狂犬病。因此答案是D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

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