全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程1

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

教学素材 | 人生旅途轻装上阵

The Art of Traveling Light through Life人生旅途轻装上阵词汇：考研 | 句法：六级 | 文本：考研刘立军 供稿Ancient philosopher Socrates embodied simplicity, owning little and even forgoing shoes. Despite this, he frequented marketplaces not to acquire goods but to appreciate the abundance he could live without, as he famously noted to an inquiring friend. 古代哲学家苏格拉底以其简朴的生活方式著称，他几乎一无所有，甚至常常赤脚行走。然而，正如他曾对一位好奇的朋友所说，他经常光顾市场，不是为了购买商品，而是为了欣赏那些他能够舍弃的丰盛物资。In the context of travel, ‘traveling light’ means moving unencumbered by excessive belongings, which translates into a more pleasant journey with less burden and greater freedom. This idea extends beyond the physical realm into a philosophy for living. This concept encourages us to question what constitutes a life traveled lightly ― is it minimal ownership like Socrates, or is there more to it? 在旅行的语境中，“轻装上阵”意味着不被繁重的行李所累，从而享受更加轻松愉快的旅程，减少负担，获得更多自由。这一理念不仅仅局限于物质层面，它更是一种生活哲学。这种思想引导我们前去思考：什么是轻装上阵的生活——它是像苏格拉底那样过极简的物质生活，还是有更多的内涵？The tale of King Midas reveals that an insatiable desire for possessions can lead to downfall. His wish to turn everything to gold, granted by Dionysus, turns tragic when the things he treasures most are lost to his greed, teaching him the peril of material obsession. 迈达斯国王的故事向我们揭示了一个深刻的道理：对财富的贪得无厌可能导致灭亡。他祈求将一切变为黄金，这一愿望虽由狄俄尼索斯实现了，但当那些他最为珍视的事物因他的贪婪而失去时，这一愿望最终酿成一场悲剧，让他深刻体会到了痴迷物质的危险。Humans naturally accumulate more than necessary, often driven by an innate instinct for survival, from securing homes for shelter to stocking food against hunger. However, for some, this need tilts towards excess, acquiring vast properties and collections of vehicles far beyond necessity, echoing Midas’s folly. While possessions offer convenience, they can also anchor one’s life with responsibilities and maintenance demands, whether it’s the upkeep of a lavish villa or the financial strain of an expensive mortgage, trading freedom for security. 人类出于生存本能，往往会积累超过实际所需的物品，从确保住所的安全，到储备食物以防饥饿，皆出此因。然而，对一些人来说，这种需求逐渐演变为过度的占有欲，他们积累了大量远超必要的财产和车辆，重蹈迈达斯的覆辙。尽管拥有这些财物能带来便利，它们也带来了诸多责任和维护的需求，无论是豪华别墅的日常维护，还是高昂房贷带来的财务压力，都是在以自由换取所谓安全感。Epicurus argued that the pursuit of pleasure should not result in greater distress. Our attachment to both possessions and burdensome thoughts impedes progress. Ancient philosophies, such as Stoicism, Cynicism, and Buddhism, guide us toward letting go of these material and mental weights to alleviate our lives. 伊壁鸠鲁认为，追求快乐不应该导致更多的痛苦。我们对财物的执着以及内心的负担阻碍了我们的进步。斯多葛主义、犬儒主义和佛教等古老哲学都在教导我们：应学会放下这些物质和精神上的重负，让生活变得更加轻松自在。Desires and aversions exert their own weight, where fulfillment leads to contentment and a sense of lightness, while unmet desires breed dissatisfaction and burden. Philosophical traditions across Stoicism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam prioritize non-attachment to worldly goods, viewing them as distractions from a path meant for those unburdened. 欲望和厌恶会分别带来不同的负担：当欲望得到满足时，人们会感到轻松和满足；而未满足的欲望则会引发不满和沉重感。无论是斯多葛主义、佛教、基督教还是伊斯兰教，这些哲学传统都强调对世俗财物的淡泊，认为它们是那些追求心灵自由之人路上的障碍，只会分散他们的注意力。The minimalist approach isn’t only about reducing physical possessions but also mental clutter. Letting go of future anxieties and past regrets brings psychological lightness, enhancing our overall well-being and allowing us to navigate life with ease. 极简主义不仅仅意味着减少物质上的财物，它还包含洁净心灵上的杂念。放下对未来的焦虑和对过去的遗憾，可以带来心理上的轻松，进而提升整体幸福感，使我们更加从容地应对生活中的挑战。After periods of global turmoil, embracing a nomadic lifestyle underscored the value of minimalism. The capability to work remotely with minimal equipment exemplifies the physical and metaphysical lightness sought by many. Whether it be in a hotel room or traversing international borders, the ability to live and work with just a suitcase is liberating. 在全球动荡之后，拥抱游牧式的生活方式更加彰显了极简主义的价值。只需极少的装备即可实现远程工作，这体现了许多人所寻求的物质和精神上的双重轻盈。无论是在酒店房间，还是穿梭于国界线之间，仅凭一只手提箱便能自在生活与工作，这一能力赋予人们极大的自由。The agility afforded by traveling light is akin to the experience of playing games like Skyrim with a nimble character. In life, being agile equates to adaptability ― being able to change course rapidly without the encumbrance of possessions or obligations. Ultimately, true lightness is achieved when one’s mind is unburdened by worries and desires, transcending even the most minimalist lifestyle. 轻装上阵所带来的灵活性，就如同在玩《上古卷轴5：天际》游戏时操纵一个敏捷角色的体验。在生活中，灵活意味着适应能力——能够在不被物质所累或义务束缚的情况下迅速改变方向。最终，当一个人的心灵不再受忧虑和欲望所困时，真正的轻盈感就实现了，这种状态甚至超越了最简约的生活方式所带来的自由感。An uncluttered mind allows for a truly light life journey, wherein the absence of mental strain makes even the smallest suitcase seem weightless. 一颗没有杂念的心能让生活旅程真正变得轻盈起来，那时，即便是一个最小的手提箱，在没有精神压力的情况下，也仿佛轻如鸿毛。【词汇】1. forgo v. 放弃2. unencumbered adj. 无负担的；没有阻碍的3. the tale of King Midas 迈达斯的故事。传说，希腊神话中的弗里吉亚王迈达斯贪恋财富，求神赐予点物成金的法术，酒神狄俄尼索斯满足其愿望。最后连他的爱女和食物也都因被他手指点到而变成金子。他无法生活，又向神祈祷，一切才恢复原状。4. insatiable adj. 不知足的；无法满足的5. folly n. 愚蠢；愚笨6. upkeep n. 保养；维修7. villa n. 度假别墅8. Epicurus 伊壁鸠鲁，古希腊哲学家。9. Stoicism n. 斯多葛主义，古希腊罗马时期的重要哲学流派，强调理性、自律、坚忍以及接受命运。10. clutter n. 杂乱的东西；杂乱11. nomadic adj. 游牧的；流浪的12. metaphysical adj. 形而上学的；抽象的；玄学的 13. Skyrim 一款开放世界角色扮演游戏，全称The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim（《上古卷轴5：天际》，简称《天际》或《上古卷轴5》），由贝塞斯达游戏工作室开发。14. nimble adj. 思路敏捷的；机敏的15. agile adj.机敏的，机灵的16. encumbrance n. 妨碍者；累赘；障碍物（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | DeepSeek AI 是什么？为何如今备受瞩目？

What is DeepSeek AI and Why is it Gaining Attention?DeepSeek AI 是什么？为何如今备受瞩目？词汇：六级| 句法：六级| 文本：六级刘立军供稿Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to evolve rapidly, and a new AI model called DeepSeek is attracting significant global interest. Developed in China, DeepSeek has recently become the most downloaded AI app in the United States, even surpassing OpenAI’s ChatGPT. But what makes DeepSeek so popular, and how does it compare to other AI models? 人工智能（AI）持续快速进化，一款名为DeepSeek的新AI模型正在吸引全球的大量关注。这款在中国开发的DeepSeek最近成为了美国下载量最高的AI应用程序，甚至超过了OpenAI的ChatGPT。但是，是什么让DeepSeek如此火爆？它与其他AI模型相比有何不同？What is DeepSeek AI? 什么是DeepSeek AI？DeepSeek is an advanced AI model designed to generate human-like text and assist users with tasks such as answering questions, creating content, and solving problems. Like ChatGPT, it is built using machine learning techniques and large datasets. DeepSeek is available for free, with additional paid options for businesses. DeepSeek是一款先进的AI模型，旨在生成类似人类的文本，并帮助用户完成回答问题、创建内容和解决问题等任务。与ChatGPT一样，它是使用机器学习技术和大型数据集构建的。DeepSeek免费提供给用户，同时为企业用户提供付费选项。Although the exact details of DeepSeek’s technology are not fully disclosed, it is believed to focus on improving efficiency, accuracy, and contextual understanding in conversations. Some users have reported that DeepSeek processes queries faster and provides more precise responses than ChatGPT. 尽管DeepSeek的技术细节尚未完全公开，但它专注于提升对话中的效率、准确性和上下文理解能力。一些用户反馈称，DeepSeek处理查询的速度更快，并且相比ChatGPT能够提供更精确的回答。Why is DeepSeek Gaining Popularity? 为什么DeepSeek越来越受欢迎？Several factors contribute to DeepSeek’s rising popularity: 有几个因素促成了DeepSeek的日益流行：1. Advanced Performance: Users claim that DeepSeek provides more accurate responses and handles complex queries effectively. 先进性能：用户声称DeepSeek提供了更为准确的回答，并能有效处理复杂查询。2. Industry Specialization: Unlike general-purpose AI models, DeepSeek may be fine-tuned for specific fields such as healthcare, finance, and creative writing. 行业专业化：不同于通用型AI模型，DeepSeek可能针对医疗、金融和创意写作等特定领域进行了优化。3. Competition in AI Technology: As AI development becomes more competitive, new models like DeepSeek attract attention for their potential improvements over existing systems. AI技术竞争：随着AI发展的竞争加剧，像DeepSeek这样的新模型因其对现有系统的潜在改进而受到关注。4. Ethical and Safety Features: AI users are increasingly concerned about bias, privacy, and security. If DeepSeek prioritizes these aspects, it may appeal to a broader audience. 伦理与安全特性：AI用户越来越关心偏见、隐私和安全问题。如果DeepSeek重视这些方面，它会吸引更广泛的用户群。5. Free Access: DeepSeek offers a free-to-use version, making it accessible to a larger number of users. 免费访问：DeepSeek提供免费使用的版本，使更多的用户能够访问。How Does DeepSeek Compare to ChatGPT? DeepSeek与ChatGPT相比有何不同？While both DeepSeek and ChatGPT are powerful AI models, there are key differences: 虽然DeepSeek和ChatGPT都是强大的AI模型，但它们之间存在关键差异：1. Privacy and Data Security: DeepSeek is based in China and stores user data on Chinese servers. In contrast, ChatGPT is developed by OpenAI, based in the United States. 隐私与数据安全：DeepSeek位于中国，将用户数据存储在中国服务器上。相比之下，ChatGPT由位于美国的OpenAI开发。2. Training Data and Focus: DeepSeek may use specialized datasets for specific industries, whereas ChatGPT is trained on a broader range of internet content. 训练数据与焦点：DeepSeek可能使用特定行业的专业数据集进行训练，而ChatGPT则是基于更广泛的互联网内容进行训练。3. Processing Speed: Some reports suggest DeepSeek operates faster and requires less computing power than ChatGPT. 处理速度：一些报告显示DeepSeek运行速度更快，所需计算能力低于ChatGPT。4. Censorship and Content Restrictions: DeepSeek reportedly avoids discussing sensitive political topics, reflecting China’s internet regulations. 审查与内容限制：据报道，DeepSeek避免讨论敏感的政治话题，这反映了中国的互联网法规。Conclusion 结论DeepSeek represents the next generation of AI models, offering innovative features and strong competition to existing systems like ChatGPT. However, concerns about privacy, security, and reliability mean that users should carefully consider the risks before using the platform. As AI technology continues to advance, the competition between different models will shape the future of artificial intelligence. DeepSeek代表了下一代AI模型，提供了创新功能，并对现有的系统如ChatGPT构成了强有力的竞争。然而，对其隐私、安全性和可靠性方面的担忧依然存在，这意味着用户在使用该平台前应该仔细考虑相关风险。随着AI技术的不断进步，不同模型之间的竞争将塑造人工智能的未来。 【词汇】1. intelligence n. 智力，智慧；人工智能 2. effectively adv. 有效地；实际上 3. ethical adj. 道德的，伦理的 4. privacy n. 隐私，私密性 5. innovative adj. 创新的，革新的 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 借助习惯叠加，迈向健康生活

VOA慢速：借助习惯叠加，迈向健康生活Use Habit Stacking to Help Get Healthy慢速 | 高考 偏难| 535词 | 5min13s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What activity did Lindsay Kee initially add to her routine to foster a habit of exercise?A. Jumping jacks after each walk.B. Standing stretches before her dog walks.C. High-intensity interval training sessions.D. Cycling to various destinations.Q2. According to the passage, what is the essence of habit stacking?A. Creating entirely new routines.B. Focusing on replacing old habits with new ones.C. Attaching a new habit to an existing daily activity.D. Making drastic changes in one’s lifestyle.Q3. How does Dana Santas apply habit stacking in her personal health care routine?A. She does push-ups before every shower.B. She does waist exercises while brushing her teeth.C. She takes her vitamins next to the coffee machine.D. She integrates strength training into her work schedule.Q4. What recommendation does the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention make for weekly physical activity?A. Engaging in 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity.B. Participating in at least two hours of daily exercise for all adults.C. Combining strength training with flexibility exercises.D. Ensuring a minimum of 30 minutes of exercise each day.Q5. What strategy does Gretchen Rubin use to reinforce a “shaky” habit by linking it with a “strong” habit?A. She only allows herself to shower after exercising.B. She must listen to a podcast while exercising on a running machine.C. She places her vitamins next to the coffee machine.D. She integrates her exercise routine with her daily walk.Part II. TRANSCRIPTUse Habit Stacking to Help Get HealthyA woman in Portland, Oregon started her daily exercise habit with one activity — walking her dog. Lindsay Kee then added movements to this daily activity. (Q1) Before leaving on the walk, she did some standing stretches. On her return, she did other exercises such as jumping jacks.jumping jacks 开合跳Over time, Kee added more exercises around the dog walk. She said adding exercises to an existing activity took the pressure off of creating a whole new daily exercise. And now more than a year later, she consistently exercises around the dog walk.Kee said, “I’ve found it to be really effective in helping me be consistent with things that I really want to do.”What Kee did is called habit stacking. Writer S.J. Scott created this term for his 2014 book of the same name. (Q2) The idea behind habit stacking is to attach something you want to start doing to something you already do every day.habit stacking 习惯叠加A common example is flossing your teeth after brushing them. However, you can use habit stacking in many areas of your daily life. Kee, for example, places her vitamins next to the coffee machine. This helps her remember to take them every morning.Exercise experts say habit stacking is especially helpful if you are trying to increase exercise time.Dana Santas is a movement expert who has trained more than 50 professional sports teams. She combines exercise habits with personal health care. (Q3) For example, Santas does push-ups before every shower. And she does leg exercises while brushing her teeth. She says that her electric toothbrush makes a sound every 30 seconds to remind her to brush different teeth. But she uses the reminder to change her exercises. “It’s perfect,” she added.push-up n. 俯卧撑Two minutes of exercise may not get you in shape. But experts say, every little bit helps. (Q4) Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest getting 150 minutes of moderate activity, like a fast walk, every week. Or you could also get 75 minutes of very energetic activity, like jogging, every week. The health experts also suggest two days a week of strength training.moderate adj. 适度的，中等强度的Most people find keeping new habits difficult. And while habit stacking is not a perfect solution, it does help with one barrier — decision-making.Gretchen Rubin is the writer of Better Than Before: Mastering the Habits of Our Everyday Lives. She said habit stacking is one of the best ways to start and keep new habits. The technique helps to remove the barrier of deciding when or if to do something.Rubin shared a story of her college days. To help her stay active, she would only shower if she had exercised that day.She suggested combining the new, or what she calls “shaky” behavior with something you have to do or deeply want to do.(Q5) “So you have to do the shaky habit before you get to the strong habit,” Rubin said. (Q5) If she wants to listen to a podcast, her strong habit, she must do it while exercising on a running machine. For her, this will strengthen her shaky habit.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：Before leaving on the walk, she did some standing stretches. 意为：在开始遛狗前，她会做一些站立伸展运动。这表明Kee最初通过在遛狗前做站立伸展运动来培养锻炼的习惯。因此答案是B。Q2. C. 主旨题。题目出处为：The idea behind habit stacking is to attach something you want to start doing to something you already do every day. 意为：习惯叠加背后的理念在于，将你想要开始做的事与你每天已经在做的事联系起来。因此答案是C。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为：For example, Santas does push-ups before every shower. 意为：例如，Santas在每次淋浴前做俯卧撑。因此答案是A。Q4. A.细节题。题目出处为：Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest getting 150 minutes of moderate activity, like a fast walk, every week. Or you could also get 75 minutes of very energetic activity, like jogging, every week. 意为：美国疾病控制与预防中心的专家建议每周进行150分钟的中等强度活动，如快走；或者每周进行75分钟的高强度活动，如慢跑。因此答案是A。Q5. B. 细节题。题目出处为：If she (Rubin) wants to listen to a podcast, her strong habit, she must do it while exercising on a running machine. 意为：如果她想听播客——这是她常有的习惯，她必须在跑步机上锻炼时听。因此答案是B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 语言和传统是民族认同的核心

语言和传统是民族认同的核心Report: Language, Traditions Central to National Identity慢速 | 四级 高考 | 864词 | 9min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Based on the text, which of the following statements best reflects the views of those who participated in the Pew Research Center’s study?A. National identity is predominantly shaped by one’s language and traditions.B. Birthplace and religion have a negligible impact on national identity.C. National identity is a uniform concept across different cultures and societies.D.The importance of language and traditions to national identity is contested and varies by country.Q2. According to the text, which specific aspect of national identity do respondents from Mexico and Indonesia agree is central to being considered a true national, with a 91 percent consensus?A. Language proficiency.B. Shared customs and traditions.C. Birthplace significance.D. Adherence to the main religion.Q3. What does Janzen’s perspective on being Canadian imply about the national identity of Canada?A. It is primarily defined by speaking one of the official languages.B. It is inclusive and not strictly tied to any single criterion.C. It is strongly associated with being born within the country’s borders.D. It is mainly reflected through participation in the country’s customs and traditions.Q4. What is the implication of the Pew Research Center’s study findings on national identity for countries with a higher proportion of immigrants?A. They tend to prioritize language proficiency over birthplace for national identity.B. They are less likely to consider shared customs and traditions as important.C. They view religion as the most critical aspect of national identity.D. They believe that being born in the country is less important for national identity.Q5. How does the text suggest that the concept of national identity varies among individuals and countries?A. By showing that language and traditions are universally accepted as the core of national identity.B. By highlighting the uniform importance of birthplace and religion across all surveyed countries.C. By demonstrating the diverse opinions on the importance of language, birthplace, and religion.D. By indicating that shared customs and traditions are consistently valued over other aspects.Part II. TRANSCRIPTReport: Language, Traditions Central to National IdentityLuciana de Oliveira considers herself transnational. That means she is more than one nationality. de Oliveira grew up in Brazil, but she moved to the United States for her studies. She became a U.S. citizen in 2017.transnational adj. 跨国的；多国的de Oliveira has some strong feelings about national identity. She believes speaking a country’s majority language is a very important part of one’s national identity. de Oliveira speaks both Portuguese and English.A new study found that most people around the world share those feelings about language and national identity.The Pew Research Center carried out the study and released the results last month. Pew’s study centered on people’s ideas about national identity. It included answers from people in more than 20 countries.(Q1) Pew researchers asked study participants about four aspects, or parts, of national identity: language, traditions, birthplace and religion. They found that language is by far the most valued aspect of national identity.In fact, a median of 91 percent of people across 21 countries said that speaking a country’s most common language is “important for being considered a true national.”Traditions and customs are also key to national identity, the study found. Beliefs about the other two aspects – birthplace and religion – were more divided.VOA Learning English spoke with several people who live in countries that were included in the study. Among them is Jorge Catalan. He has lived in Mexico most of his life. The Pew study found that 93 percent of respondents from Mexico said that speaking the country’s main language – Spanish – is important to national identity.Catalan said he agrees that speaking Spanish is very important. But he added that it is regrettable.He said, “Mexico is a place where we have around 68 spoken languages besides Spanish.” He noted that the government has pushed Spanish as the main language throughout history and has turned it into a “must-have tool.”Agatha Janzen was born and raised in Canada. Pew researchers found that more than 80 percent of Canadians say that speaking the country’s language is important to national identity. In Canada, both French and English are official languages.Janzen said that “speaking one of the official languages is important to being Canadian for practical reasons.”(Q1) Traditions and customs are also a central aspect of national identity, the study found. Results showed 81 percent of people believe sharing their country’s customs and traditions is somewhat or very important to national identity.The Pew study found that 67 percent of Brazilians consider practicing customs and traditions an important part of national identity. That is the fourth lowest percentage of all the countries included in the study.But customs and traditions are important to de Oliveira. To feel closer to her Brazilian identity, she said she wears jewelry and shoes from Brazil and follows and supports Brazilian soccer.Mexico is tied with the highest percentage of respondents who answered that customs and traditions are an important aspect of national identity. But for Catalan, they are not so important. He noted that Mexican traditions have changed over time. He added that he does not take part in many Mexican traditions, “but I still feel proudly Mexican.”Beliefs about the two other aspects of national identity – birthplace and religion – were more mixed. A median of 58 percent of respondents from 23 countries said that being born in a country is important to national identity. An even lower number of respondents – 42 percent – said that being a member of the country’s main religion is important to national identity.(Q2) Respondents from Mexico and Indonesia had the strongest feelings about the importance of birthplace as central to national identity, at 91 percent.Calatan, who was born and lived most of his life in Mexico, agrees somewhat. “If you are born outside of Mexico and never lived in it, it would be difficult to get a real sense of what being Mexican means.”(Q3) But Janzen, the Canadian, said, “Being born in Canada has nothing to do with being Canadian.” For her, Canada is a melting pot and offers refuge to those who need it.refuge n. 庇护；避难These ideas match the results of the study. Countries where immigrants make up a smaller share of the population tend to see birthplace as a more important aspect of national identity. (Q4) Countries with a greater share of immigrants are more willing to accept those born outside of the country as true nationals.Less than half of people in most of the countries in the study do not feel religion is important to national identity. All of those who spoke with Learning English said they agreed that religion is not an important part of national identity.Christine Huang is a research associate at the Pew Research Center. She is one of the writers of the study. She told Learning English, “This question of belonging in a country is related to other work we have done to measure how connected people feel to each other.”Huang added, “When looking at how people relate to others in their community, in their country, and all over the world, people most frequently report feeling close to others in their country.”|Part III. KEYQ1. A. 主旨题。文本中提到：“Pew researchers asked study participants about four aspects, or parts, of national identity: language, traditions, birthplace and religion. They found that language is by far the most valued aspect of national identity.” 以及“Traditions and customs are also a central aspect of national identity, the study found.”这表明研究参与者普遍认为语言和传统是民族身份最重要的部分，所以民族身份主要由一个人的语言和传统塑造。因此答案为A。Q2. C. 细节题。文本中提到：“Respondents from Mexico and Indonesia had the strongest feelings about the importance of birthplace as central to national identity, at 91 percent.” 这表明墨西哥和印度尼西亚的受访者中有91%的人认为出生地对于民族身份认同至关重要。因此答案为C。Q3. B. 推理题。Janzen表示：“Being born in Canada has nothing to do with being Canadian. For her, Canada is a melting pot and offers refuge to those who need it.” 这表明 Janzen 认为出生在加拿大与成为加拿大人无关，加拿大是一个大熔炉，为需要的人提供庇护，这意味着加拿大的民族身份认同是包容性的，不严格依赖于任何单一标准，如出生地或语言。因此答案为B。Q4. D. 推理题。文本中提到：“Countries with a greater share of immigrants are more willing to accept those born outside of the country as true nationals.” 这意味着拥有更多移民的国家更愿意接受在外国出生的人作为真正的国民，可推测出他们认为出生地对于国家身份认同不那么重要。因此答案为D。Q5. C. 主旨题。文本通过展示不同国家和个体对于语言、出生地和宗教在民族身份中重要性的不同看法，表明民族身份的概念在不同人群和国家之间存在差异。特别是对于出生地和宗教的看法更为混合，这表明民族身份的构成因素在不同文化和个体中有着不同的解读。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 长新冠

长新冠What Is Long COVID?常速 | 四级 | 878词 | 5min1s刘立军 供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are some of the main symptoms experienced by typical Long COVID patients, according to Dr. Jamie Rylance?A. Difficulty in walking and hearing loss.B. Fatigue, brain fog, and shortness of breath.C. High fever and loss of appetite.D. Muscle aches and joint pain.Q2. What does Dr. Rylance say about the underlying causes of Long COVID?A. They are well understood and have a single cause.B. They are primarily linked to pre-existing health conditions.C. They are related to the severity of the initial COVID infection.D. They are varied and include many different abnormalities.Q3. What is the role of vaccination in relation to Long COVID, as discussed by Dr. Rylance?A. It increases the risk of developing Long COVID.B. It has no effect on the likelihood of experiencing Long COVID.C. It protects against severe COVID disease and Long COVID.D. It is ineffective once Long COVID symptoms have already begun.Q4. What can be inferred about the global impact of Long COVID and the need for healthcare recognition and support?A. Long COVID is a localized issue that requires specialized treatment centers.B. Long COVID is a widespread problem affecting diverse populations.C. Long COVID symptoms are universally recognized and treated the same way worldwide.D. Long COVID is not a significant concern for healthcare systems.Q5. What is the main idea of Dr. Rylance’s discussion on the challenges and support needed for managing Long COVID?A. The key is to raise awareness and ensure patients feel recognized and supported.B. The main focus should be on rehabilitation and improving quality of life.C. The primary challenge is developing a specific medical treatment for Long COVID.D. The most important aspect is to conduct more clinical trials for new treatments.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWHO’s Science in 5: What Is Long COVID?Vismita Gupta-Smith: If you have recovered from COVID but still have some symptoms, could that be Long COVID? How long do these symptoms last? Is there treatment available? Here to talk about Long COVID today is Dr. Jamie Rylance. Welcome, Jamie. Jamie, talk to us about Long COVID. How does it affect people?Dr. Jamie Rylance: Yeah. Thanks, Vismita, pleasure to be here. So Long COVID can happen to anybody after their acute illness. It can come on as a continuation of symptoms or new symptoms and it can last a long time. The problem is, the symptoms are very variable. Patients may have difficulty recognizing that they have it and healthcare workers, to be honest, can also struggle to identify it. (Q1) But if you’re a typical Long COVID patient, you might have fatigue, feeling tired all the time brain fog, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping, shortness of breath. Those are the main symptoms, but there are so many others. One of the problems is that those symptoms can also represent other medical illnesses. So it’s really important to get the diagnosis right and healthcare workers and patients need to work together to do that. So when scientists have looked for what are the underlying causes of Long COVID, there’s many different abnormalities that have been seen. (Q2) Things like very small blood clots or altered immune cell responses, abnormal triggering or responses within the nervous system or changes in the usual bugs, the microbiome that we usually carry around with us. And that being so many different possibilities, there’s no single one diagnostic test. That said, we need to get patients onto treatment. We focus on the things that are bothering them, the symptoms, and making sure their function comes back to normal.diagnosis n. 诊断；（问题原因的）判断blood clot 血凝块；血块Vismita Gupta-Smith: Jamie, do people experience Long COVID differently? Are symptoms different and why? Dr. Jamie Rylance: Well, the obvious thing is no two people are the same and it can be very different. That said, we do know some things that might predict whether you’re more at risk of having Long COVID or for how long the symptoms might last for.Vismita Gupta-Smith: Jamie, talk to us about vaccination.Dr. Jamie Rylance: (Q3) So vaccination does help. It protects you against severe COVID disease and it protects you against Long COVID. At the other end of the spectrum, people who’ve had particularly severe disease are more likely to have Long COVID and the symptoms are likely to last longer. And that’s people who have been admitted to hospital or particularly to Intensive Care Unit. But we know that, the health of people before COVID is really important as well. So long-standing or pre-existing health problems. Respiratory disease, mental health problems but many others can increase the risk that you suffer long COVID. And therefore, it’s really important to try and keep and maintain a healthy lifestyle as much as possible. (Q4) So we know that Long COVID is a global problem. It can occur to anyone, anywhere in the world. What we need is for primary healthcare professionals to be able to recognize, assess and treat patients with Long COVID. And the way people access their healthcare will vary around the world. Sometimes there may be specialty services for COVID, sometimes there may be specialist doctors. But very frequently, and particularly where resources are limited, there are not. And so it’s really important that we empower primary healthcare providers to give patient centred care close to home. And that’s what we’re doing at WHO, making guidance to help healthcare workers deliver high-quality care and the education materials to support them to do so.respiratory adj. 呼吸的Vismita Gupta-Smith: So Jamie, how long do the symptoms last and even though we don’t have a pill, per se, how can we help people who are suffering from Long COVID? Dr. Jamie Rylance: Well, the first thing is that most people recover fully and that can take months and of course some people we know are badly affected for years. Although there isn’t a specific medical treatment, what we really need to do is access and treat patients for the problems that they have. Often that’s associated with rehabilitation, getting people back to functional status to enjoy life and health. There are specific medical treatments for some people and overall, that goes a long way to helping increase quality of life. So I’m optimistic in the science delivering more treatments and that’s hundreds of clinical trials going on at present. And I’d encourage people to get involved where they feel able and where they’re offered. So there’s hope, I think, in terms of new treatments. (Q5) But apart from the medical treatment, I think the biggest obstacle that people with Long COVID feel at the moment is that their disease is not recognized. They’re told that their brain fog or other symptoms are not real, and that’s demoralizing. So what they need is kindness and support through their treatment. And that comes from their family, their friends, their employers, because it’s in everyone’s best interest that people with Long COVID don’t feel alone and feel that they’re supported throughout their recovery. demoralizing adj. 使丧失信心的，令人泄气的Vismita Gupta-Smith: Thank you, Jamie. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay health and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。根据文本中的描述：“But if you’re a typical Long COVID patient, you might have fatigue, feeling tired all the time brain fog, difficulty concentrating, difficulty sleeping, shortness of breath.”可知，典型的长新冠患者可能会经历疲劳、脑雾、难以集中注意力、睡眠困难和呼吸急促等症状。因此答案为B。Q2. D. 细节题。文本中提到：“there’s no single one diagnostic test.” 以及 “Things like very small blood clots or altered immune cell responses, abnormal triggering or responses within the nervous system or changes in the usual bugs, the microbiome that we usually carry around with us.” 这表明长新冠没有单一的诊断测试，造成它的的潜在原因多种多样，包括许多不同的异常情况，如微小的血凝块、免疫细胞反应改变、神经系统的异常触发或反应以及体内微生物群的变化等。因此答案为D。Q3. C. 细节题。根据文本中的信息：“So vaccination does help. It protects you against severe COVID disease and it protects you against Long COVID." 可知，疫苗接种有助于预防重症COVID疾病和长新冠。因此答案为C。Q4. B. 推理题。文本中提到：“So we know that Long COVID is a global problem. It can occur to anyone, anywhere in the world. What we need is for primary healthcare professionals to be able to recognize, assess and treat patients with Long COVID”这表明长新冠是一个全球性问题，可以影响世界上任何人，需要基层医疗保健专业人员能够识别、评估和治疗长新冠患者。答案为B。Q5. A. 主旨题。在讨论长新冠的挑战和所需支持时，Dr. Rylance提到：“The biggest obstacle that people with Long COVID feel at the moment is that their disease is not recognized.”以及 “what they need is kindness and support through their treatment.” 这表明，长新冠患者面临的主要挑战是他们的疾病没有得到认可，他们需要的是在治疗过程中的善意和支持。因此答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 花体字书写重返加州学校

花体字书写重返加州学校Handwriting Returns in California Schools慢速 | 四级（高考）| 554词 | 5min45s刘立军 供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. How old are the children in California required to learn cursive handwriting starting this year?A. Three to six years old.B. Six to twelve years old.C. Ten to fifteen years old.D. Twelve to eighteen years old.Q2. Who signed Assembly Bill 446 into law?A. A local mayor.B. A federal judge.C. A school principal.D. A state governor.Q3. Which statement best represents Pamela Keller’s view on teaching cursive?A. It is unnecessary and outdated.B. It is challenging but rewarding for students.C. It should be optional for students.D. It only benefits older students.Q4. What does the reaction “It’s cursive!” from a student during a school library visit imply about the effects of learning cursive?A. It reflects a sense of achievement and recognition.B. It suggests an inability to recognize cursive writing.C. It indicates confusion about historical documents.D. It shows a preference for other forms of writing.Q5. What is the primary reason behind the reintroduction of cursive handwriting in the educational system according to the text?A. To preserve traditional writing styles.B. To improve students’ artistic abilities.C. To enhance brain development and related skills.D. To ensure compliance with federal education standards.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHandwriting Returns in California Schools(Q1) Starting this year, six-to-twelve-year olds in California will be required to learn cursive handwriting. The return to handwriting comes after many years in which typing on computer keyboards was taught and handwriting was pushed aside. Cursive is a kind of handwriting in which all the letters in a word are connected to each other. cursive handwriting 英文花体Assembly Bill 446 requires that handwriting be taught to 2.6 million Californian students in grades one through six. And it requires cursive lessons in grades three and above. (Q2) Former elementary school teacher Sharon Quirk-Silva supported the bill and California Governor Gavin Newsom signed it into law in October.(Q5) Experts say learning cursive improves brain development, reading skills, and hand movement. Some educators also find value in teaching children to read historic documents and family letters from past generations.Pamela Keller teaches grades four to six at Orangethorpe Elementary School in Fullerton about 50 kilometers southeast of Los Angeles. She said she was already teaching cursive before the law took effect on January 1. (Q3) Some children complain about the difficulty, but Keller has a ready answer: “We tell them, well, it’s going to make you smarter, it’s going to make some connections in your brain, and it’s going to help you move to the next level. And then they get excited because students want to be smarter. They want to learn,” Keller said.(Q4) During a recent visit to the school library, Keller said one student got excited seeing an image of the U.S. Constitution, written in 1787, saying, “It’s cursive!” Several of Keller’s students say the subject was difficult, like the letter Z, but they enjoyed it anyways.“I love it, because I just feel it’s fancier to write, and it’s fun to learn new letters,” said Sophie Guardia, a 9-year-old in the fourth grade. In teacher Nancy Karcher’s class, her third-grade students said, “It’s fun,” “Now I can read my mom’s writing,” and “It’s for my secrets.”As computers and smart devices grew in popularity, cursive writing was pushed aside. In 2010, the national Common Core education standards were published to help students prepare for university. Cursive was left out. “They stopped teaching kids how to form any letters at all. Teacher colleges are not preparing teachers to teach handwriting,” said Kathleen Wright. She is the founder of the Handwriting Collective, a nonprofit group.But cursive is coming back. California became the 22nd U.S. state to require cursive handwriting and the 14th to pass a cursive teaching bill since 2014, said Lauren Gendill. She is a researcher at the National Conference of State Legislatures. Five states have introduced cursive bills so far in 2024.legislature n. 立法机关Leslie Zoroya is project director for reading language arts at the Los Angeles County Office of Education. (Q5) She said research has shown that learning cursive supports several linked skills that improve childhood development. Zoroya said, “You’re using different neural networks when you’re doing cursive rather than printing. And so, it’s creating those pathways in your brain.”neural adj. 神经的；神经系统的Zoroya said she got the idea from former California Governor Jerry Brown. California’s teaching standards always had cursive writing goals, but Quirk-Silva said cursive was not always taught and was weakening. She said, “The hope of the legislation is that by the time students leave sixth grade, they would be able to read and write it.”Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。文本提到：“Starting this year, six-to-twelve-year olds in California will be required to learn cursive handwriting.” 意为：“从今年开始，加利福尼亚州六到十二岁的孩子们将被要求学习花体字书写。” 因此答案为B。Q2. D. 细节题。文章中提到：“Former elementary school teacher Sharon Quirk-Silva supported the bill and California Governor Gavin Newsom signed it into law in October.” 意为：“前小学教师Sharon Quirk-Silva支持该提案，加州州长Gavin Newsom在十月将其签署成法。” 因此答案为D。Q3. B. 细节题。文本提到：“Some children complain about the difficulty, but Keller has a ready answer: ‘We tell them, well, it’s going to make you smarter...’” 意为：“一些孩子抱怨这很困难，但Keller有准备好的回答：‘我们告诉他们，好吧，这将使你更聪明……’” 因此，可知Keller认为教授花体字书写虽然具有挑战性，但对学生有益。因此答案为B。Q4. A. 推理题。文本描述了“During a recent visit to the school library, Keller said one student got excited seeing an image of the U.S. Constitution, written in 1787, saying, ‘It’s cursive!’”，即在学校图书馆参观期间，一个学生看到美国宪法的花体字书写时兴奋地说：“这是花体字书写！”， 这反映了学生因为能够识别并理解花体字而感到成就和认可。因此答案为A。Q5. C. 主旨题。文本中提到“Experts say learning cursive improves brain development, reading skills, and hand movement.”以及“She said research has shown that learning cursive supports several linked skills that improve childhood development”，意为：“专家表示，学习花体字书写有助于促进大脑发育、提升阅读技能以及手部运动能力。”和“她说，研究表明学习花体字书写有助于培养多种相关技能，从而促进儿童成长。” 也就是说，重新引入花体字书写是为了促进大脑发展和相关技能。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌说课

说课点评：在30分钟的准备时间里，读完、理解一篇800多词的商务英语文章，记住文章的结构和要点，设计出一套有理论指导、教学理念清晰、目标合理、结构完整、方法得当，最好再带点创新的教学方案，然后在10分钟的时间里，用英语条理清晰地把它展示出来，这对任何商务英语教师来讲都是一项重大的挑战。潘紫萌老师首先分析了课文，根据内容将其解构成三大部分。选手将第二部分（第3-8段）归纳成 promotion, price and place 和将第三部分（第9段）归纳成对计划进入中国市场的外国企业的忠告，这都是正确的。但是，她把第一部分（第1-2段）归纳成product，进而把前两部分归纳成营销学中著名的4P战略，这种做法有待商榷。因为课文的第1段主要讲两个问题：1）营销战略如何在中国成功，2）这些战略如何根据中国人的喜好以及对产品或服务的认知进行调整，而不是具体的产品。也许是准备的时间非常紧迫，选手对课文的理解和归纳出现了偏差。然后，潘老师分析了学生的特点。在教学模式上，她采取以学生为中心、以产出为导向的教学模式。其教学目标包括商务英语知识、商务技能和伦理价值。在具体的教学方法上，她例举了基于任务的教学、基于讨论的教学、案例教学、学生参与的测评等，并强调要综合利用线上线下教学资源。在学习测评上，她采用师生共同参与的方式，以增强教学效果。至于具体的教学步骤，她采用BOPPPS模式，再加课后作业。以上教学方案应该说中规中矩，显示出潘老师对商务英语教学的理论、模式、方法和测评等各要素有比较全面的了解。潘老师最亮眼的表现是在10分钟的时间里，用流利的英语将其教学方案展现出来，而且条理清晰，相关的教学理论、教学方法、商务知识、商务案例均了然于胸，信手拈来，同时口到手到，同步将所讲内容写到白板上，手起笔落，一气呵成。在提问阶段，潘老师的表现依旧出色，理解到位，回答中肯，表现出较高的英语基本功和商务、人文素养。不过有的回答可以再精炼一些。比如在回答第一个问题时，把EGP，EOP，EAP，ESP 的定义都讲了一遍，有点啰嗦。总而言之，潘紫萌在说课中表现突出，是一位素质比较全面、经验比较丰富的优秀商务英语教师。点评专家：陈准民

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

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