全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 小睡也许并没有你想的那么好

小睡也许并没有你想的那么好Naps might not be as good for you as you think 常速 | 五级 中等 | 327词 | 1min53s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one benefit of taking a short nap mentioned in the text? A. It reduces the risk of insomnia. B. It improves memory and concentration. C. It eliminates the need for night sleep. D. It prevents cardiac problems. Q2. According to the text, what is the recommended length for a power nap? A. Less than half an hour. B. Between 30 and 60 minutes. C. At least one hour. D. Over two hours. Q3. What is one potential negative impact of napping after 2 or 3 in the afternoon? A. It increases productivity at work. B. It leads to higher levels of concentration. C. It disrupts the sleep cycle and causes bad habits. D. It improves cardiac health. Q4. What can be inferred about frequent daytime naps? A. They suggest a well-regulated sleep cycle. B. They may indicate underlying health issues or stress. C. They improve nighttime sleep quality. D. They are recommended for all age groups. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the importance of avoiding naps entirely. B. To discuss the link between naps and cardiac health. C. To analyze the role of circadian rhythms in sleep. D. To explain the benefits and drawbacks of napping. Part II. TRANSCRIPTNaps might not be as good for you as you think Surely, they're called power naps for a reason? Aren't naps the key to feeling alert, improving your memory and just generally having a great life? Well, they can be, but things aren't quite that simple.(Q1) It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. Our circadian rhythms are responsible for the notorious lull that many of us feel in the early afternoon. This is the best time for a nap. Some companies have installed sleep pods for their employees, hoping to benefit from increased productivity and cognitive performance. But it is also true that naps can cause problems.circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的 notorious adj. 声名狼藉的，众所周知的（常指不好的事情） lull n. 间歇，平静期 pod n. 小舱，隔间 cognitive adj. 认知的 Let's start by thinking about the length. (Q2) A true power nap should be less than half an hour. Any longer, and it becomes hard to rouse yourself from. Any benefits in terms of alertness are likely to disappear with the grogginess that results from a longer period of slumber.grogginess n. 昏昏沉沉，虚弱无力slumber n. 睡眠，微睡 This isn't the only issue. Naps have been linked to conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiac problems. However, it's not clear whether these are direct results, or stem from the impact of napping on our sleep habits. (Q3) If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained.cardiac adj. 心脏的 ingrain v. 使根深蒂固 Of course, in the same way that naps can lead to bad sleep, it's also true that bad sleep can lead to wanting to take more naps. (Q4) So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressure stopping you from getting enough sleep?insomnia n. 失眠 Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. 意为：“的确，小睡片刻能帮助人们更加清醒，提升记忆力和专注力，还能降低操作重型机械等作业时的风险。” 因此正确答案为B。 Q2.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：A true power nap should be less than half an hour. 意为：“真正的有效小憩时间应控制在半小时以内。。” 文章明确指出，有效小睡的时间应该少于半小时，超过这个时间可能会导致昏昏沉沉，并抵消小睡的益处，因此正确答案为A。 Q3.【答案】C【解析】细节题。题目出处：If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained. 意为：“如果你在下午两三点之后小睡，很可能会对夜间入睡能力产生负面影响。打乱睡眠周期会导致不良的睡眠习惯，而这些习惯本身又会变得根深蒂固。”因此正确答案为C。 Q4.【答案】B【解析】推理题。题目出处：So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressures stopping you from getting enough sleep? 意为：“因此，如果你发现自己经常需要在白天睡觉，专家建议你思考原因。是否存在可能导致失眠的潜在健康问题？或者工作压力是否阻碍你获得足够的睡眠？从中可以推断，频繁白天小睡可能表明存在潜在健康问题或压力，因此正确答案为B。 Q5.【答案】D【解析】主旨题。文章主要讨论了小睡的好处和可能引发的问题，包括提高注意力和记忆力的益处，以及可能导致睡眠周期紊乱和健康问题。因此正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | 锻炼的最佳时间真的存在吗？

锻炼的最佳时间真的存在吗？Is there a best time to exercise?词汇：四级 | 句法：四级 | 文本：四级刘立军供稿With our already busy lives, finding time to exercise can feel like one more thing on our ‘to do’ list. So maybe it would help if there was ‘a best time’ to exercise? Could exercising at certain times help maximize our fitness goals? The answer is ‘yes’, but it’s easier than you think — no matter who you are, or when you like to work out.在我们已经忙碌不堪的生活中，抽时间锻炼可能感觉像是又给我们的“待办清单”新增了一项任务。那么，是否存在一个“最佳锻炼时间”呢？在特定时间锻炼，是否能帮助我们最大化达成健身目标呢？答案是肯定的，而且比你想象的要简单——无论你是谁，或者你喜欢什么时候锻炼，都可以找到适合自己的方式。There are clear benefits to exercising in the morning. Many of us have more free time compared to later in the day, and it may therefore be easier for us to stick to a morning workout routine. 晨练有着明显的好处。与一天中的其他时段相比，许多人早晨的时间更充裕，因此更容易坚持晨练的习惯。A study published in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise found that participants who exercised in the morning increased their physical activity throughout the day, were less distracted by food, and slept better. Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism, which means you’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day. 发表在《运动医学与科学》上的一项研究发现，参与早晨锻炼的人在一整天中身体活动量增加，受到食物的干扰减少，并且睡眠质量更好。空腹晨练还能燃烧更多脂肪并提高新陈代谢，这意味着在一整天里都能持续消耗热量。So, good news for early birds, but what if you’re not a morning person?所以，早起确实有早起的好处，但如果你不是喜欢早起的人呢？Working out in the afternoon or evening also has benefits, just different ones. For example, your body’s ability to perform peaks in the afternoon, according to a 2010 study by the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. 下午或晚上锻炼也有好处，只是优势有所不同。例如，根据《斯堪的纳维亚运动医学与科学杂志》2010年的一项研究，人体在下午时段的运动表现达到最佳状态。Also, in the afternoon and evening, your reaction time is quickest, and your heart rate and blood pressure are lowest, which reduce your chance of injury while improving performance.此外，在下午和晚上，你的反应速度最快，心率和血压最低，这不仅降低了受伤风险，还能提升运动表现。But does any of this change depending on whether you’re a man or a woman? Our bodies are different, after all, so the best time to exercise may be different too. A 2022 study from Skidmore College, New York, looked at exactly this question and the results showed that there are some differences.但这些结论是否会因性别不同而有所变化呢？毕竟，男性和女性的身体存在差异，因此锻炼的最佳时间也可能不同。纽约斯基德莫尔学院2022年的一项研究正好探讨了这个问题，结果显示确实存在一些差异。Want to reduce your blood pressure and you’re a woman? Exercise in the morning. Want to improve your heart health and you’re a man? Evening is better for you. But, ultimately, the study found that there are clear benefits for both sexes to exercising at either time of day.例如，如果你想降低血压，对于女性来说，早晨锻炼效果更佳；而如果你是男性，想改善心脏健康，晚上锻炼对你更有益。但最终，该研究发现，无论男女，在一天中的这两个时段锻炼都有明确的益处。So what time is best? It seems the answer is: whatever time is best for you!那么，什么时间锻炼最好呢？看来答案是：最适合你的时间，就是最佳时间！【词汇】1. maximize v. 最大化，使达到最大值2. workout n. 锻炼，健身活动3. metabolism n. 新陈代谢4. peak v. 达到高峰，达到最佳状态5. ultimately adv. 最终，从根本上来说 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

时文选读 | 我们为什么不喜欢接电话了

时文选读| 我们为什么不喜欢接电话了Why we’ve stopped answering the phone? 四级偏难 | 362词 刘立军供稿Part I. PassageSuddenly a sound rings out, stopping you in your tracks. Panicking, you search for where it could be coming from. It’s your phone, and if you’re like a quarter of 18 to 34-year-olds in a recent British study, you probably won’t answer it. The same study found that 70% of people in this age group prefer text messages to phone calls. Why do so many people hate phone calls?While previous generations grew up using landlines to talk to their friends, smartphone-equipped younger people have grown up accustomed to using text messages, group chats and voice notes for social conversations. What these media have in common is that they are asynchronous — they don’t need to happen in real time. When you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. It also means that you can reply when it’s best for you. Synchronous communication, like phone calls or face-to-face conversations, can lead people to feel a loss of control and the corresponding anxiety. Coupled to this is that fact that many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news.This means that new social codes are being established. Many people will now text someone to see if they’re available to take a phone call. If someone doesn’t feel able to sum something up in a few short messages, they might leave a long voice note. Could it be that not wanting to intrude on someone with a sudden phone call is just a question of good manners and respecting someone’s boundaries?Maybe, but this doesn’t mean that anxiety around communication has been eliminated. Texting may be asynchronous, but many people report tensions from being ‘left on read’ — when you know someone has read your message, but they don’t, or won’t, reply. Many would agree with British writer Daisy Buchanan, who reminds us how picking up the phone to talk to someone can be far more effective at relieving tension than a series of awkward messages. So, are these new social codes better at respecting boundaries, or are they just creating a whole new set of potential anxieties?【Vocabulary】1. asynchronous adj. 不同时发生的，非共时的2. craft v. 精心制作3. synchronous adj. 同步的，同时发生的Part II. QuestionsQ1. Why do younger generations prefer texting over phone calls, according to the text? A. Texting allows them to avoid bad news completely.B. Texting provides greater control over the timing and content of replies.C. Texting eliminates the need for voice notes in conversations.D. Texting is considered more polite and respectful than phone calls.Q2. What can be inferred about phone calls from the passage?A. They are mostly used by older generations now.B. They may cause discomfort due to their unexpected nature.C. They are still the preferred method for urgent messages.D. They help reduce social anxiety in communication.Q3. What social change is reflected in today’s phone etiquette?A. People avoid making any phone calls to others.B. Long voice notes are mainly used to express stress.C. It is polite to text first before calling someone.D. Calling without warning is now considered normal.Q4. What does Daisy Buchanan suggest about phone calls compared to texting?A. Phone calls are more effective at resolving communication anxiety.B. Phone calls are considered outdated by most young people.C. Texting is better at respecting boundaries in sensitive situations.D. Texting creates fewer misunderstandings than phone calls.Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：When you can craft a reply free of interruption, you have greater control over your contributions to a conversation. It also means that you can reply when it’s best for you. 意为：“当你能够不受干扰地构思回复内容时，你就能更好地掌控自己在对话中的表达。这也意味着你可以在对自身最有利的时候做出回应。”正确答案为B。Q2.【答案】B【解析】推断题。题目出处：… many young people report associating phone calls, particularly those without prior warning, with bad news. 暗示突如其来的电话让人紧张或不安。A 项虽可能正确但未在文中提及；C 项和D 项与原文意思相反。Q3.【答案】C【解析】细节题。文中指出，人们现在更倾向于先发短信确认对方是否方便接电话，以避免突然打扰，这种做法反映了一种新的社交礼仪。因此，正确答案是C。A项“避免所有通话”说法太绝对；B项“表达压力”并非语音信息的主要用途；D项则与文意相反，因为段末提出突然来电可能被认为不礼貌、不尊重他人边界。Q4.【答案】A【解析】推理题。题目出处：Many would agree with British writer Daisy Buchanan, who reminds us how picking up the phone to talk to someone can be far more effective at relieving tension than a series of awkward messages. 意为：“许多人会同意英国作家黛西·布坎南的观点，她提醒我们，与其发送一系列尴尬的信息，不如拿起电话与某人交谈，这可以更有效地缓解紧张情绪。”可以推断，她认为电话比短信更能有效缓解沟通焦虑。因此正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 小睡也许并没有你想的那么好

小睡也许并没有你想的那么好Naps might not be as good for you as you think 常速 | 五级 中等 | 327词 | 1min53s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one benefit of taking a short nap mentioned in the text? A. It reduces the risk of insomnia. B. It improves memory and concentration. C. It eliminates the need for night sleep. D. It prevents cardiac problems. Q2. According to the text, what is the recommended length for a power nap? A. Less than half an hour. B. Between 30 and 60 minutes. C. At least one hour. D. Over two hours. Q3. What is one potential negative impact of napping after 2 or 3 in the afternoon? A. It increases productivity at work. B. It leads to higher levels of concentration. C. It disrupts the sleep cycle and causes bad habits. D. It improves cardiac health. Q4. What can be inferred about frequent daytime naps? A. They suggest a well-regulated sleep cycle. B. They may indicate underlying health issues or stress. C. They improve nighttime sleep quality. D. They are recommended for all age groups. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the importance of avoiding naps entirely. B. To discuss the link between naps and cardiac health. C. To analyze the role of circadian rhythms in sleep. D. To explain the benefits and drawbacks of napping. Part II. TRANSCRIPTNaps might not be as good for you as you think Surely, they're called power naps for a reason? Aren't naps the key to feeling alert, improving your memory and just generally having a great life? Well, they can be, but things aren't quite that simple.(Q1) It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. Our circadian rhythms are responsible for the notorious lull that many of us feel in the early afternoon. This is the best time for a nap. Some companies have installed sleep pods for their employees, hoping to benefit from increased productivity and cognitive performance. But it is also true that naps can cause problems.circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的 notorious adj. 声名狼藉的，众所周知的（常指不好的事情） lull n. 间歇，平静期 pod n. 小舱，隔间 cognitive adj. 认知的 Let's start by thinking about the length. (Q2) A true power nap should be less than half an hour. Any longer, and it becomes hard to rouse yourself from. Any benefits in terms of alertness are likely to disappear with the grogginess that results from a longer period of slumber.grogginess n. 昏昏沉沉，虚弱无力slumber n. 睡眠，微睡 This isn't the only issue. Naps have been linked to conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiac problems. However, it's not clear whether these are direct results, or stem from the impact of napping on our sleep habits. (Q3) If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained.cardiac adj. 心脏的 ingrain v. 使根深蒂固 Of course, in the same way that naps can lead to bad sleep, it's also true that bad sleep can lead to wanting to take more naps. (Q4) So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressure stopping you from getting enough sleep?insomnia n. 失眠 Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. 意为：“的确，小睡片刻能帮助人们更加清醒，提升记忆力和专注力，还能降低操作重型机械等作业时的风险。” 因此正确答案为B。 Q2.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：A true power nap should be less than half an hour. 意为：“真正的有效小憩时间应控制在半小时以内。。” 文章明确指出，有效小睡的时间应该少于半小时，超过这个时间可能会导致昏昏沉沉，并抵消小睡的益处，因此正确答案为A。 Q3.【答案】C【解析】细节题。题目出处：If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained. 意为：“如果你在下午两三点之后小睡，很可能会对夜间入睡能力产生负面影响。打乱睡眠周期会导致不良的睡眠习惯，而这些习惯本身又会变得根深蒂固。”因此正确答案为C。 Q4.【答案】B【解析】推理题。题目出处：So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressures stopping you from getting enough sleep? 意为：“因此，如果你发现自己经常需要在白天睡觉，专家建议你思考原因。是否存在可能导致失眠的潜在健康问题？或者工作压力是否阻碍你获得足够的睡眠？从中可以推断，频繁白天小睡可能表明存在潜在健康问题或压力，因此正确答案为B。 Q5.【答案】D【解析】主旨题。文章主要讨论了小睡的好处和可能引发的问题，包括提高注意力和记忆力的益处，以及可能导致睡眠周期紊乱和健康问题。因此正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 诺奖官网对2024年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主维克托·安布罗斯的电话访谈

诺奖官网对2024年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主维克托·安布罗斯的电话访谈Telephone Interview with Victor Ambros, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024常速| 四级（高考）难 | 782词 | 5min16s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. How did Victor Ambros initially find out about winning the Nobel Prize?A. From Thomas Perlmann of the Nobel Committee.B. From a journalist who called his son.C. From his son who called him directly.D. From a colleague at his workplace.Q2. What was Victor Ambros’s initial reaction to the news of winning the Nobel Prize?A. He felt it was a mistake.B. He was surprised and thought it was for his friends.C. He expected it because of his contributions.D. He was indifferent and focused on other work.Q3. What did Victor Ambros consider an appropriate prize for RNAi?A. A prize that included microRNAs.B. A prize that focused on basic science.C. A prize that celebrated the work of nematode researchers.D. A prize that recognized the versatility of RNA.Q4. How many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work with nematodes before this one?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.Q5. Who is Gary Ruvkun to Victor Ambros?A. A colleague he respects.B. A former mentor.C. A competitor in the field.D. A distant acquaintance.Q6. What kind of joy did Victor Ambros feel when he won the Nobel Prize?A. Muted joy.B. Overwhelming excitement.C. Relief.D. Pride.Q7. What did Victor Ambros learn from Edward Gruberg?A. How to read the literature.B. How to conduct routine experiments.C. How to be aware of what’s new in the field.D. All of the above.Q8. What was the main topic of the meeting Victor Ambros attended in Ottawa?A. The formation of RNA Canada.B. The celebration of RNA research.C. The impact of RNA on agriculture and climate change.D. A combination of all the above.Q9. What is the main idea of the interview?A. The versatility and importance of RNA.B. The importance of curiosity-driven research.C. The surprise and joy of winning the Nobel Prize.D. The impact of working with great scientists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTTelephone Interview with Victor Ambros, Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2024VA= Victor Ambros; AS= Adam SmithVA: Hello?AS: Hello, am I speaking with Victor Ambros?VA: You are. Morning!AS: Good morning. Very early morning, I know. Many congratulations on the news!VA: Well, thank you. Sorry that my phone was in the other room this morning, so I didn’t hear any earlier calls.AS: Not…not at all…VA: Thank you. AS: I mean, you haven’t yet spoken with Thomas Perlmann from the Nobel Committee, I guess?VA: No, I have not.AS: Did you actually receive the news by being called by a journalist?VA: (Q1) I received the news by being called by my son! Yeah, a journalist called my son. Right, and so my son called.AS: That’s a nice call to make to your dad.VA: I bet, yeah!AS: It must all be a bit bewildering, getting the news just as it’s all breaking, so everybody is all trying to reach you. But if I can ask, what are your initial thoughts?bewildering adj. 令人困惑的VA: (Q2) Well, I mean, my initial thought was great surprise because (Q3) I had understood the prize to my good friends Craig Mello and Andy Fire for RNAi, I considered that to be an appropriate prize which encompassed microRNAs. So I had kind of put the idea aside, although people from time to time do mention, you know, “Oh, you might win a Nobel Prize,” but I always dismissed that as, you know, “No, no, no, it’s OK. It’s all been covered, and appropriately,” you know.encompass v. 包含AS: (Q4) Well, this is also the fourth Nobel Prize for the nematode.nematode n. 线虫VA: Yeah, and that gives me incredible pride, you know, and (Q5) the fact that Ruvkun is, the other awardee, is incredible, because Gary is such a good friend. Yeah, I mean you ask me what my first sense was, it’s surprise. (Q6) And secondly, of course, it’s a kind of muted joy because, you know, whenever this kind of thing happens to basic scientists, especially scientists working on the nematode, it’s… I think it’s a wonderful thing for everybody doing this kind of work. We see it as a, in a way, as a celebration not really of the particular scientist in this case, but of the way of doing science, you know. Curiosity-driven, genetic studies of a complicated phenomenon and what you hope is you’ll learn a little bit more about how the phenomenon works.muted adj. 减弱的genetic adj. 遗传的AS: Yeah.VA: And it’s always amazing when the findings are new enough to be of interest broadly.AS: And I wondered whether that ability to be on the lookout for new phenomena and really take them seriously and investigate them — that’s a special art — is it something that you think was a particular benefit of having worked with, for instance, David Baltimore for your PhD, Bob Horvitz for your Postdoc? Did that train you in the art of looking for the unexpected?VA: Yes, yes, very much so. I mean (Q7) I was fortunate enough to work with a series of fantastic scientists, Bob and David, and before that, I worked with a postdoc named Edward Gruberg, and Gruberg was a fantastic mentor and really got me alerted to the fact that you can find out new things doing sort of routine experiments, you know. And he also taught me how to read the literature and therefore train myself, you know, to be aware of what’s known and what’s not known, so that you can notice what’s new.mentor n. 导师AS: It’s also a celebration of the versatility of RNA this prize, isn’t it, I mean, yet again, something unexpected?VA: Yeah, that’s actually very exciting to consider that, yeah, you made a really good point. (Q8) I just got back from a meeting in Ottawa, which is a meeting of the Riboclub, and there was over 500 people there, and they celebrated the formation of RNA Canada, which is the nationwide network of scientists and others promoting research around RNA, or else, agriculture, climate change and so forth. We all know that RNA is fascinating and incredibly versatile. It was the whole meeting was kind of like a celebration of RNA, especially when I went to the posters, there was poster sessions with young people doing incredibly diverse amount of you know, kinds of work.formation n. 形成versatile adj. 多才多艺的，多功能的AS: I guess today… today will help to boost that message then. I long to know what your son actually said to you when he called you?VA: (to someone off the phone) Hey Candy, what did Greg say? “Have you been getting calls from Sweden? You should answer the phone,” he said.AS: That’s nice! OK, well, thank you very much indeed, and once again, congratulations.VA: All right, OK, bye-bye. AS: Bye.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I received the news by being called by my son! Yeah, a journalist called my son. Right, and so my son called.” 可知Victor Ambros是通过他儿子的来电得知自己获奖消息的。答案是C。Q2. B. 【解析】细节题。根据：“Well, I mean, my initial thought was great surprise because I had understood the prize to my good friends Craig Mello and Andy Fire for RNAi...” 可知Victor Ambros的第一反应是非常惊讶，因为他以为这个奖颁发给了他的好朋友Craig Mello和Andy Fire的RNAi研究的。答案是B。Q3. A. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I had understood the prize to my good friends Craig Mello and Andy Fire for RNAi, I considered that to be an appropriate prize which encompassed microRNAs.” 可知Victor Ambros认为包含微小RNA 研究的奖项才是对 RNA 干扰研究合适的认可。答案是A。Q4. D. 【解析】细节题。根据：“Well, this is also the fourth Nobel Prize for the nematode.”这表明之前已经有三次诺贝尔奖是关于线虫研究的，加上这一次，总共是四次。答案是D。Q5. A. 【解析】细节题。根据：“the fact that Ruvkun is, the other awardee, is incredible, because Gary is such a good friend.”可知Gary Ruvkun是Victor Ambros非常尊重的同事和朋友。答案是A。Q6. A. 【解析】细节题。根据：“And secondly, of course, it’s a kind of muted joy because, you know ...” 可知Victor Ambros感到的是一种含蓄的喜悦。答案是A。Q7. D. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I worked with a postdoc named Edward Gruberg, and Gruberg was a fantastic mentor and really got me alerted to the fact that you can find out new things doing sort of routine experiments, you know. And he also taught me how to read the literature and therefore train myself, you know, to be aware of what’s known and what’s not known, so that you can notice what’s new.” 可知Victor Ambros与一个名叫Edward Gruberg的博士后一起工作过，Gruberg是一个了不起的导师，他让Victor意识到可以通过进行一些常规实验来发现新事物，还教会了他如何阅读文献，训练自身要了解已知和未知的事情，这表明Victor Ambros从Edward Gruberg那里学到了如何阅读文献、进行常规实验以及如何意识到领域内的新事物。答案是D。Q8. D. 【解析】细节题。根据：“I just got back from a meeting in Ottawa, which is a meeting of the Riboclub, and there was over 500 people there, and they celebrated the formation of RNA Canada, which is the nationwide network of scientists and others promoting research around RNA, or else, agriculture, climate change and so forth.” 可知Victor Ambros刚刚从渥太华的一个会议回来，会上还庆祝了 “加拿大 RNA” 组织的成立，这是一个全国性的网络组织，由科学家和其他人士组成，旨在推动 RNA 相关研究，以及农业、气候变化等领域的研究。答案是D。Q9. C. 【解析】主旨题。整个访谈主要围绕Victor Ambros得知自己获得诺贝尔奖的第一反应，以及他的感受和对这一成就的看法。虽然访谈中也提到了好奇心驱动的研究、RNA的多功能性以及与伟大科学家合作的影响，但这些都是围绕他获奖的情感体验展开的。因此，答案是C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 如何写提示词

如何写提示词How to write a prompt快速| 六级 易 | 1682词 | 8min30s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the primary purpose of the video?A. To introduce the formula for mastering prompts.B. To promote the speaker’s tech skills.C. To share personal anecdotes about tech.D. To compare ChatGPT with Google Bard.Q2. What is the most important component of a good prompt?A. Tone.B. Task.C. Context.D. Persona.Q3. How should the task component be structured?A. With a casual tone.B. With exemplars provided.C. With detailed context.D. With an action verb at the beginning.Q4. What does the speaker imply about the context component in prompts?A. It is optional.B. It is the easiest to get right.C. There is an infinite amount of information you can give.D. It is not as important as the task.Q5. What is the purpose of including exemplars in a prompt?A. To limit the AI's response.B. To improve the quality of the output.C. To provide additional context.D. To give the AI more tasks.Q6. What does the speaker suggest when determining the persona for a prompt?A. Think of a famous person.B. Consider the user’s background.C. Imagine someone with expertise relevant to the task.D. Use a persona only if necessary.Q7. What is an example of a comprehensive prompt given by the speaker?A. I'm a 70 kg male. Give me a 3-month training program.B. I need a report summary. Use H2 for section headers.C. Please provide a list of tone keywords for an email.D. Write an email from Batman for a team offsite.Q8. What does the speaker mean by the format of a prompt?A. The arrangement of the components.B. The desired outcome’s structure and appearance.C. The way the AI should address the user.D. The format in which the prompt is written.Q9. What is the key to using tone effectively in a prompt?A. Matching the tone to the desired output feeling.B. Being formal and professional.C. Using a tone that the AI can understand.D. Avoiding tone-related instructions.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow to write a promptI don’t usually overhide myself, but in this video, we’re going over the only formula you will ever need to master prompting on ChatGPT and Google Bard. So, let’s get started. Hey friends, welcome back to the channel. If you’re new here, my name is Jeff. I work full time in tech. And if you’re anything like me, a couple months ago, you know prompting is an important skill to learn, but you’re not exactly sure why some prompts generate outputs that are super generic, while others give you precisely what you’re looking for. Since then, I’ve spent hundreds of hours taking prompt engineering courses and applying what I’ve learned in my daily life. (Q1) And so in this video, I’m sharing the six building blocks that make up a good prompt so that you can use this formula to consistently generate high quality outputs. The 6 Prompt ComponentsThe BasicsFirst, it’s critical to not only know what the six components are, task, context, exemplars, persona, format, and tone, but also know that there’s an order of importance to these six components. To show you what I mean, let’s use this simple example. I’m a 70 kg male. Give me a 3-month training program. The first part is context, followed by the task. The reason why the task is higher up in the form, the hierarchy, is if we just input the task without the context, there’s still some sort of meaningful output. But if we just give ChatGPT the context, nothing really happens. Put another way, (Q2)it’s mandatory to have a task in your process prompt. It’s important to include relevant context and exemplars. And it’s nice to have persona, format, and tone. When you think of writing your prompt, go down this mental checklist. So this formula will act as a constant reminder for you to include just enough relevant information when writing prompts. And as you’ll see in this next part, you do not need all six components in every prompt to have a good output. mandatory adj. 强制的，义务的#1 TASKNow let’s break down each building block with specific examples. (Q3) Starting with the task, the rule of thumb is to always start the task sentence with an action verb, generate, give, write, analyze, etc., and clearly articulate what your end goal is. It could be one simple task like generating a three-month training program or a complex three-step task like analyzing hundreds of user feedback, sharing the top three takeaways, and categorizing the feedback based on the team responsible for following up. #2 CONTEXT(Q4) The second component, context, is the trickiest to get right because technically there’s an infinite amount of information you can give. So I found asking myself these three questions to be super helpful in coming up with just enough information to get a good result from ChatGPT. First, what’s the user’s background? Second, what does success look like? And third, what environment are they in? Back to the workout example we now have, I’m a 70 kg male looking to put on 5 kg of muscle mass over the next three months. I only have time to go to the gym twice a week and for one hour each session. Give me a three-month training program to follow. Could I have added more background information? Of course, only prioritize the muscle groups that make me look good on Instagram. But the key to staying productive with ChatGPT and Bard is giving just enough information to constrain the endless possibilities. By the way, although this video is not sponsored, it is supported by those of you who subscribe to my paid productivity newsletter on Google Workspace Tips. Link in the description to learn more. #3 EXEMPLARS = EXEMPLESMoving over to the exemplars component, it’s just a fancy way of saying examples. (Q5) Basically all the research on large language models, LLMs, have shown that including examples within the prompt drastically improves the quality of the output. Starting with a simple example, this is a poorly written bullet point from a resume. We can now ask ChatGPT to rewrite this bullet point using this structure. I accomplished X by the measure Y that resulted in Z, which is actually best practice by the way, so actually do this in your resume. For example, I lowered hospital mortality rate by 10% by educating nurses in new protocols, which translates to 200 lives saved per year. exemplar n. 范例，样本Here’s a slightly more complicated example for interview prep. Based on my own resume, write me an answer to the interview question. What’s your biggest weakness? Use the STAR answer framework, situation, task, action, and results. Here instead of using a full blown interview answer as an example, which would be overkill, the STAR framework acts as an example structure for ChatGPT to follow. overkill n. 过度，过犹不及Last example, let’s say you need to write a job description. You give some context around the opening and ask ChatGPT to reference an existing job description. You might use this one I found on LinkedIn. The output will follow the same formatting and use the same professional HRE language, saving me a bunch of time. Main takeaway here, exemplars are not necessary for every prompt, but including a relevant example or framework will greatly improve the quality of your output. #4 PERSONAMoving along, the persona component is basically who you want ChatGPT and Bard to be. (Q6) And the pro tip here is to think of someone you wish you had instant access to with the task you’re facing. If you injured yourself working out, that person might be a physical therapist with experience helping athletes recover. If you’re a job seeker, that person might be a recruiter or hiring manager. If you’re working on a creative brief, that person might be a senior product marketing manager who’s great at storytelling. Pro tip, you can also name specific individuals, but I found the results to be good only when they’re famous enough, like Warren Buffett, Steve Jobs, Jeff Su. By the way, I just have to share this. We have a team offsite with a superhero’s theme. (Q7) So I asked ChatGPT to draft an email from Batman and it even included things like, please let Alfred know and signed off as the Dark Knight. So fictional characters work as well. And I’m actually going to use this. persona n. 角色，人物形象#5 FORMAT(Q8) The fifth component, format. The pro tip here is to literally close your eyes and visualize how exactly you want the end result to look like. A million likes on my Thirst Bomb Instagram photo. Damn it, didn’t work. Back to the user feedback example, I don’t want to read each sentence. So I asked ChatGPT to take all the feedback and output a table with three headers. The original feedback, the team responsible for following up and priority. And now I can copy this directly and paste it into a Google sheet. So by priority and filter by team. Other common formats include emails, bullet points, and code blocks. header n. 标题，标头But the one I found to be the most useful as a full-time working professional is paragraphs and markdown. For example, I just received a lengthy industry report from my director. First give me the three key takeaways, then summarize based on topic. Use H2 as section headers. Here is the report. Pro tip, whenever I use ChatGPT to proofread any document, I specify that all changes need to be bolded so I can easily see exactly what has been changed. #6 TONELet’s quickly go through the last component, tone, before we put all this together in one example. (Q9) The good news is tone is easy to understand. Use a casual or formal tone of voice. Give me a witty output, show enthusiasm, sound pessimistic. The bad news is we’re usually not very good at recalling the thousands of potential adjectives and adverbs at a moment’s notice. (Q10) So here’s a pro tip. Tell ChatGPT the feeling you’re going for. For example, I’m writing an email to a team I haven’t worked with before and I want to be taken seriously without coming off as too stuck up and cringy. Can you please give me a list of five tone keywords I can include in a prompt for ChatGPT? And look, now in the actual prompt, I can say, use clear and concise language and write in a friendly yet confident tone. EXAMPLE PROMPTPutting all this together, let’s look at this comprehensive prompt. You are a senior product marketing manager at Apple [Persona] and you have just unveiled the latest Apple product in collaboration with Tesla, the Apple Car, and received 12,000 pre-orders, which is 200% higher than target. [Context] Write an email to your boss, Tim Cookie, sharing this positive news. [Task and Format], The email should include a TLDR, too long, didn’t read section. Project background, why this product came into existence, business results section, quantifiable business metrics, and end with a section thanking the product and engineering teams. [Example structure] Use clear and concise language and write in a confident yet friendly tone. [Tone] Note that if I had an existing email to reference, I could delete the instructions around the structure and simply tell ChatGPT the email should follow the exact same format as the one I will share below and paste the email from before. By the way, you can compare the output from this prompt to that of a simpler prompt. I just launched a new product, the Apple car. I received 12,000 pre-orders. Please run email to my boss with this update. There’s a pretty big difference in terms of how generic and usable the end result is. Now that you know the basics of prompting, my next video is going to take you from beginner to pro, so make sure you’re subscribed for that. Check out my top 5 ChatGPT productivity tips for work. See you on the next video. In the meantime, have a great one.Part III. KEYQ1. A. 主旨题。根据“I’m sharing the six building blocks that make up a good prompt so that you can use this formula to consistently generate high quality outputs.”可知是视频的主要目的是分分享构成优质提示的六个核心要素，让大家能用这个公式持续生成高质量内容。因此答案为A。Q2. B. 细节题。根据“it’s mandatory to have a task in your process prompt”可知提示中必须有一个任务，这表明任务是最重要的组成部分。因此答案为B。Q3.D. 细节题。根据“Starting with the task, the rule of thumb is to always start the task sentence with an action verb...”可知任务部分应该以一个动作动词开头。因此答案为D。Q4. C. 细节题。根据“The second component, context, is the trickiest to get right because technically there’s an infinite amount of information you can give.”可知上下文是最棘手的，因为理论上，你可以提供无限量的信息。这表明上下文部分可以有无限的信息。因此答案为C。Q5. B. 细节题。根据“Basically all the research on large language models, LLMs, have shown that including examples within the prompt drastically improves the quality of the output.”可知研究表明，在提示中包含示例能大幅提升输出质量。因此答案为B。Q6. C. 细节题。根据“And the pro tip here is to think of someone you wish you had instant access to with the task you’re facing.”可知讲话者建议确定提示的人物角色时，应该设定为一个与任务相关的专业人士。因此答案为C。Q7. D. 细节题。根据“So I asked ChatGPT to draft an email from Batman and it even included things like, please let Alfred know and signed off as the Dark Knight.”可知讲话者提到，他让ChatGPT起草一封来自蝙蝠侠的电子邮件，包含了请通知阿尔弗雷德并以黑暗骑士的名义签字等细节，这是给出的一个综合提示的例子，其中包含了任务、角色和场景3个要素。因此答案为D。Q8. B. 细节题。根据“The fifth component, format. The pro tip here is to literally close your eyes and visualize how exactly you want the end result to look like.” 可知格式是闭眼能想象到最终结果的样子，也就是输出结果的预期结构和外观。因此答案为B。Q9. B. 推理题。根据“So here’s a pro tip. Tell ChatGPT the feeling you’re going for.”可知在使用提示时，应该指定输出的期望情感，即语气应该与输出的预期感觉相匹配。因此答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

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