全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 炎热天气让人变得迟钝

炎热天气让人变得迟钝Heat Might Cloud Your Brain常速 | 六级（易） | 526词 | 3min31s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one way extreme heat can affect people, according to the passage?A. It can increase the speed at which people complete tasks.B. It can improve people’s ability to solve difficult problems.C. It can help people remember information more easily.D. It can make it harder to think and make good decisions.Q2. What did the Boston study find about students without air conditioning?A. They were more comfortable while studying.B. They performed less well on the tests.C. They were better at solving numerical problems.D. They completed both tests in less time.Q3. Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the Boston study?A. To show that its findings should be interpreted with some caution.B. To suggest that the researchers used the wrong testing methods.C. To explain why high temperatures affect only university students.D. To prove that air conditioning has little effect on learning.Q4. What did the large study in China suggest about long-term exposure to extreme heat?A. It has little effect unless people suffer heat stroke.B. It mainly affects people’s physical strength.C. It may be linked to a decline in cognitive ability.D. It can improve memory after repeated exposure.Q5. What does the speaker suggest people do when they have to make an important decision on a very hot day?A. Avoid asking others for advice about the decision.B. Make the decision quickly before becoming tired.C. Trust their first reaction rather than overthink it.D. Cool down first and consider the decision carefully.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Heat Waves Affect Your BrainHeat waves are becoming more common in many parts of the world. Most people know that extreme heat can cause health problems, such as heart and breathing difficulties. In serious cases, it can even lead to heat stroke or death. But there is another effect of extreme heat that we may not think about: it can affect the way our brains work.When the temperature gets too high, our bodies try to keep us cool. More blood and energy are sent to parts of the body that help control our temperature. As a result, the brain may receive less blood than usual. Scientists are still studying exactly how this process affects the brain. (Q1) However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.One interesting study was carried out during a heat wave in Boston in 2016. Researchers studied university students living in different buildings. Some students had air conditioning, while others did not. The students with air conditioning stayed in rooms with an average temperature of about 21°C. The rooms without air conditioning were much warmer, with an average temperature of about 26°C.For 12 days, the students completed two simple tests each day. One test involved adding and subtracting numbers. The other was a test of attention. (Q2) The results were clear: students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.(Q3) Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students. However, other studies have found similar results. When people are exposed to high temperatures, they often have more difficulty paying attention and remembering information. They may also be slower at solving problems and making decisions.There is also evidence that long-term exposure to extreme heat may affect our brains. In one large study, researchers followed more than 53,000 people in China for eight years. (Q4) They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability. The researchers estimated that if the number of extremely hot days increases in the future, average human cognitive ability could decline.The effects of heat are not the same for everyone. Older people, for example, may be more strongly affected. People with certain physical conditions may also face greater risks. In addition, even a short period of extreme heat may affect our thinking for some time afterward.So what should we do? The simplest advice is to avoid making important decisions when we are extremely hot. If possible, wait until you are in a cooler environment. (Q5-1) When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.We often use the expression “in the heat of the moment” to describe a decision made without enough thought. As heat waves become more common, the expression may have a more literal meaning than we realize. (Q5-2) When the weather is extremely hot, cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.” 意为：“研究已经表明，高温会使人们更难集中注意力、记忆信息、解决问题和做出正确决定。”因此正确答案为D。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“... students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.” 意为：“……处在较热房间里的学生表现更差，他们答对的问题更少，完成注意力测试所花的时间也更长。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. A.【解析】推断题。题目出处为：“Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students.” 意为：“当然，一项研究不能说明所有问题，因为参与者人数较少，而且都是大学生。”由此可以推断，研究样本有限，因此其结果需要谨慎理解，不能简单推广到所有人群。故正确答案为A。Q4. C.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability.” 意为：“研究发现，经历更多高温天气的人，在记忆和数学能力测试中的表现往往更差。”由此可知，长期暴露于极端高温可能与认知能力下降有关，因此正确答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】细节与推断题。题目出处为：“When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.” 以及结尾处“… cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.” 意为：“如果一项重要决定无法推迟，反而应当慢慢考虑，仔细检查自己的思路，并向他人寻求建议。”以及“给身体降降温，可能也有助于让大脑更好地运转。”因此可以概括为在高温环境下做重要决定前，应先给自己降降温并认真思考，故正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 人工智能是否已经让毕业生失业了？

人工智能是否已经让毕业生失业了？Is AI putting graduates out of work already?文本难度：四级刘立军供稿If you are studying coding, we might have some bad news.如果你正在学习编程，我们可能得告诉你一个坏消息。“There’s no sign in the data that AI is costing anybody their job right now,” Kevin Hassett, a White House adviser, said on May 11th. Someone should tell America’s class of 2026. “It’s grim,” one professor says of the market for graduate jobs. Artificial intelligence is the popular villain. At a recent commencement ceremony in Florida a speaker was booed for mentioning it. And not without reason: our analysis suggests AI may indeed be harming some graduates’ job prospects.“目前没有任何数据表明人工智能正在导致任何人失业，”白宫顾问凯文·哈塞特（Kevin Hassett）5月11日表示。可这话恐怕得去告诉2026届的美国毕业生们。一位教授在谈及毕业生就业市场时直言：“形势很严峻。”人工智能成了众矢之的。最近在佛罗里达州的一场毕业典礼上，有演讲者一提到AI，就被台下的学生喝倒彩。而这种愤怒并非毫无道理：我们的分析表明，AI确实可能正在损害部分毕业生的就业前景。A university degree no longer seems to offer much protection from joblessness: recent graduates are likelier to be unemployed than the average American. The current cohort feels particularly gloomy. Less than a fifth of them think this is a good time to find a good job – the lowest share in over a decade, and well below the figure for Americans overall, at more than a quarter. A slump in on-campus recruiting is not helping. Job postings on Handshake, a search platform for university students, are 50% below their peak of 2022. 大学学位似乎不再能有效抵御失业风险：应届毕业生的失业率甚至比美国人的平均水平还要高。本届毕业生感到尤其悲观。他们中不足五分之一的人认为眼下是找到好工作的良机——这一比例创下十多年来的新低，也远低于美国整体超过四分之一的比例。校园招聘的低迷更是雪上加霜。在面向大学生的求职平台 Handshake 上，职位发布量比2022年的峰值暴跌了50%。Many suspect AI is to blame. More than half of employers say they have considered replacing entry-level workers with the technology. A recent poll by the Institute of Politics at Harvard University’s Kennedy School found that, similarly, more than half of young Americans see AI as a threat to their job prospects. 许多人怀疑罪魁祸首正是人工智能。超过半数的雇主表示，他们考虑用AI技术来取代初级岗位员工。哈佛大学肯尼迪学院政治研究所近期的一项民调也显示：超过半数的美国年轻人认为AI对他们的就业前景构成了威胁。Economists are more divided. A paper by Erik Brynjolfsson of Stanford University and colleagues, published in 2025, examined employment among young workers in AI-exposed jobs, such as software development. The authors found it had fallen by 16% relative to less-exposed fields. 经济学家们则对此意见不一。斯坦福大学的埃里克·布林约尔松（Erik Brynjolfsson）及其同事在2025年发表的一篇论文中，研究了软件开发等易受AI影响岗位的年轻工作者的就业情况。作者发现，其就业率相比受AI影响较小的领域下降了16%。But a paper published this year by Zanna Iscenko and Fabien Curto Millet, two economists at Google, casts doubt on the idea that young workers in particular are being displaced by AI. They found that job postings in AI-exposed occupations have declined just as sharply for senior workers as for junior ones, and that this trend predated the launch of ChatGPT in late 2022. Another study, by Morgan Frank of the University of Pittsburgh and colleagues, showed that labor-market outcomes have deteriorated for AI-exposed employees, but that this trend also began before ChatGPT was released. 不过，今年由谷歌的两位经济学家赞娜·伊森科（Zanna Iscenko）和法比安·库尔托·米莱（Fabien Curto Millet）发表的一篇论文，对“年轻员工尤其容易被AI取代”的观点提出了质疑。他们发现，在易受AI影响的岗位中，针对资深员工的岗位招聘数量下降幅度与初级员工一样剧烈，且这一趋势在2022年底 ChatGPT 推出之前就已经出现。匹兹堡大学的摩根·弗兰克（Morgan Frank）及其同事的另一项研究也表明，虽然易受AI影响的劳动者就业状况确实恶化了，但这种趋势同样始于 ChatGPT 发布之前。The Economist has conducted its own analysis, using a largely overlooked source of data: ten years’ worth of surveys of recent college graduates from the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Each year American universities ask new alumni whether they are working, unemployed or in graduate school. Using their responses, we compared labor-market outcomes in fields with differing levels of exposure to AI before and after the arrival of large language models.《经济学人》也开展了独立分析，采用的是长期被忽视的数据来源：美国高校与雇主协会（NACE）过去十年对应届大学毕业生的调查。每年，美国各高校都会询问新近校友是否已就业、失业，或正在攻读研究生。利用这些反馈，我们对比了在大语言模型出现前后，受AI影响程度不同的领域在就业市场中的表现。We found that graduates in fields more exposed to AI have suffered markedly worse outcomes. Between 2022 and 2024 graduates in the least-exposed quintile – studying subjects such as education, philosophy and civil engineering – saw their average full-time employment rate fall by just 1.5 percentage points. Those in the most exposed quintile – including computer science, computer engineering and information science – suffered a 6.6 percentage-point drop. 我们发现，受AI影响较大的专业，其毕业生的就业状况明显更差。在2022年至2024年间，受AI影响最小的20%的专业（如教育学、哲学和土木工程）毕业生，其平均全职就业率仅下降了1.5个百分点。而受AI影响最大的20%的专业（包括计算机科学、计算机工程和信息科学），则遭受了6.6个百分点的降幅。We updated these figures for the most exposed fields, using data from 13 universities, and found that the trend continued for the class of 2025. The rate of full-time employment fell from nearly 70% to 55% in three years – notably, the three years following ChatGPT’s release in 2022. Prior to that, it had been stable. 我们采用13所大学的数据，对受AI影响最大领域的就业数据进行了更新，发现2025届毕业生也延续了这一趋势。三年间，全职就业率从近70%下降到了55%——值得注意的是这是2022年 ChatGPT 发布之后的三年。而在那之前，该比率一直保持平稳。Students are already changing course. Data from the National Student Clearinghouse, a research group, show that undergraduate enrolment in computer science fell by 11% in 2025. Enrolment in computer programming, which focuses on coding skills rather than theory, dropped by 26%. 学生们已经开始“用脚投票”。研究机构“国家学生信息中心”的数据显示，2025年计算机科学专业的本科生入学人数下降了11%，而侧重于编码技能而非理论的计算机编程专业，入学人数更是大幅下滑了26%。The work done by computer-science graduates is changing, too. Less time is spent writing code; more is devoted to designing and organizing software systems at a higher level. Lana Yarosh, director of undergraduate studies in computer science at the University of Minnesota, says she understands students’ anxieties. “It’s always hard when things change. But computer science is a field where everything changes all the time.” 计算机科学专业的毕业生所从事的工作内容也在发生变化：写代码的时间变少了，更多精力被投入到更高层面的软件系统设计和架构组织之中。明尼苏达大学计算机科学本科项目主任拉娜·亚罗什（Lana Yarosh）表示，她理解学生们的焦虑：“当情况发生变化时，总是很难适应。但计算机科学本身就是一个日新月异的领域。”【词汇】 1. grim adj. 严峻的；惨淡的2. villain n. 罪魁祸首；反面人物3. boo v. 发嘘声；喝倒彩4. cohort n. 群体；一批人5. slump n. 急剧下滑；暴跌6. displace v. 取代；使流离失所7. predate v. 先于……发生；早于8. alumni n. 校友（alumnus的复数）9. quintile n. 五分之一组，即以数据的20%为一组（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 用运动对抗抑郁和焦虑能否等同于正规治疗？

用运动对抗抑郁和焦虑能否等同于正规治疗？Is exercise as effective as treatments for depression and anxiety?文本难度：六级刘立军供稿Is exercise as effective as treatments for depression and anxiety? Some big studies say yes. Many experts have reservations. 运动对抗抑郁、抗焦虑的疗效，能和正规治疗相媲美吗？一些大型研究给出了肯定的答案，但许多专家对此仍持保留意见。For those in the doldrums, few things are more tiresome than being told to exercise. But unwelcome advice is not necessarily wrong. Study after study has found that exercise boosts mood and reduces anxiety. Two large analyses published earlier this year go further, suggesting it works about as well as therapy or antidepressants. 对于那些正处于情绪低谷的人来说，几乎没有比听到别人劝自己“去运动”更让人心烦的了。但不中听的建议未必就是错的。一项又一项的研究发现，运动能够提振情绪，缓解焦虑。今年早些时候发表的两项大型分析进一步表明，运动的治疗效果与心理治疗、抗抑郁药物不相上下。The first, published in January by researchers based across Britain and Ireland, took the form of a Cochrane review — a well-regarded meta-analysis of health-care research. It pooled the results of 69 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to measure the effects of exercise on depression. The second paper, published in February in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, was a so-called meta-meta-analysis. It drew on more than 1,000 trials involving nearly 80,000 participants. Both concluded that exercise reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety by roughly as much as conventional treatments. 第一项研究由英国和爱尔兰的研究人员完成，于今年1月发表，采用了备受推崇的科克伦（Cochrane）系统评价形式——这是医疗领域广受认可的一种荟萃分析。该研究汇总了69项随机对照试验（RCTs）的数据，这些试验专门用来评估运动对抑郁症的作用。第二篇论文于2月发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上，采用了所谓的“二次荟萃分析”。研究参考了1000余项试验，受试者近8万名。两项研究均得出结论：运动在缓解抑郁、焦虑症状方面的效果，与常规治疗方法大致相当。There are important caveats. Meta-analyses are only as good as the studies they include, and exercise trials are prone to being skewed. For one thing, participants cannot be blinded — they know if they are doing kettlebell swings or not — which makes their self-reported mood vulnerable to any favorable expectations they might have. For this and other reasons, the Cochrane review judged all the studies it included to be at “high risk” of bias. 但该结论存在重要的限定条件。荟萃分析的可靠性完全取决于所纳入的原始研究，而运动类试验往往容易出现结果偏倚。首先，参与者无法实施“盲法”——自己是否完成壶铃摇摆这类运动，参与者心知肚明。这就导致参与者主动上报的情绪，很容易受到内心积极预期的影响。出于上述及其他因素，这份科克伦系统评价判定，其纳入的所有研究均存在“高偏倚风险”。What’s more, the meta-meta-analysis did not include any studies that tested exercise against other interventions. The findings from the exercise trials were, instead, compared against those from separate trials of antidepressants or therapy. But unlike exercise studies, RCTs of antidepressants are typically well blinded and have strong placebo effects, making it harder for them to achieve similarly impressive results. “I don’t think it’s a fair comparison,” says Jonathan Roiser, a professor of neuroscience at University College London. 此外，这项“二次荟萃分析”并未纳入任何将运动与其他干预措施进行直接对比的研究。它是把运动试验的结果，与另外独立开展的抗抑郁药、心理治疗试验的数据做比对。但与运动研究不同，抗抑郁药物的随机对照试验通常盲法设计完善，且安慰剂效应显著，这使得药物想要取得同样令人瞩目的疗效数据难度更大。伦敦大学学院的神经科学教授乔纳森·罗伊泽（Jonathan Roiser）表示：“我认为这样对比并不客观。”All the same, most researchers are confident that exercise helps improve mood. Aerobic workouts, such as running, walking or cycling, seem to be particularly beneficial across the board. For depression, group-based or supervised exercise is more effective than sweating alone, and the benefits of exercise accrue over several months. For anxiety, the best results seem to come from lower-intensity activity. 尽管如此，绝大多数研究人员仍认可运动有助于改善情绪。跑步、散步或骑车等有氧运动，总体来看大有裨益。针对抑郁症，团体运动或在专业人员指导下开展的运动，效果优于独自锻炼，且运动带来的益处会数月里不断累积。而对于焦虑症，低强度运动似乎能带来最佳效果。Why exercise works is less clear. The popular idea that exercise generates a “high” by causing the release of endorphins, a form of opioid, has little scientific support. A study published in 2021 found that blocking runners’ opioid receptors reduced neither the euphoria they reported after a session nor the drop in anxiety. Researchers instead think that endocannabinoids — chemicals produced by the body and brain that activate the same receptors as the active molecules in cannabis — might be responsible for these short-term boosts. 至于运动为何有效，具体机制尚不明确。有一种广为流传的说法：运动会促使内啡肽（一种阿片样物质）的释放，从而让人产生愉悦感，但这一说法缺乏足够的科学依据。2021年的一项研究发现，阻断跑步者体内的阿片类受体，既不会降低他们运动后的欣快感，也不会减弱焦虑的缓解程度。研究人员转而认为，内源性大麻素可能是带来这种短期情绪提升的原因；这类物质由人体和大脑合成，能激活与大麻有效成分相同的受体。Other pathways are also being triggered. Exercise seems to reduce inflammation and improve brain plasticity, as well as increasing the transmission of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is involved in the process of weighing effort against reward, and so increasing transmission may help reverse the loss of motivation associated with depression. 运动还会激活其他生理机制：它能够减轻炎症，提升大脑可塑性，并增加大脑内多巴胺的传递。多巴胺参与了“权衡付出与回报”这一心理过程，因此，增加多巴胺的传递有助于改善抑郁症患者典型的动力缺失问题。There are purely psychological benefits, too: exercise can provide people with a sense of achievement, agency and eventually mastery, all of which are known to lift mood. Plenty of reasons, then, to work up a sweat. 此外，运动还能带来纯粹的心理益处：它能给人带来成就感、自主感，最终获得一种掌控感，而这些都能够提振情绪。如此看来，我们完全有理由动起来，好好出一身汗。 【词汇】 1. in the doldrums 情绪低落2. meta-analysis n. 荟萃分析（一种循证医学研究方法，把多个独立的同类研究的数据汇总、合并分析，得到一个综合性结论，研究说服力高于单一试验）3. caveat n. 警告；提醒4. skew v. 使……有偏差；影响……的准确性5. placebo n. 安慰剂6. neuroscience n. 神经科学7. aerobic adj. 有氧的8. accrue v. 积累；增加9. endorphin n. 内啡肽10. opioid n. 阿片样物质（既可来源于外界毒品，也包含人体自身合成的内啡肽，能够起到镇痛、产生欣快感的作用）11. receptor n. 受体；感受器12. euphoria n. 欣快感；极度愉快13. cannabis n. 大麻14. inflammation n. 炎症15. dopamine n. 多巴胺（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 通过明确的小目标建立长期习惯的方法

Small steps to build long-lasting habits 通过明确的小目标建立长期习惯的方法常速 | 五级（偏易）| 376词 | 2min20s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to James Clear, what is the main reason people fail to maintain good habits? A. They lack willpower. B. They do not set SMART goals. C. Their system is flawed. D. Their goals are too ambitious. Q2. What is an example of a SMART goal mentioned in the text? A. Exercising more during the week. B. Walking for 20 minutes every weekday evening. C. Reading a book every month. D. Going to the gym three times a week. Q3. What is the purpose of ‘habit stacking’ as explained in the text? A. To identify ineffective habits. B. To eliminate bad habits completely. C. To prioritize daily routines. D. To attach new habits to existing ones. Q4. What can be inferred about setbacks in building habits? A. They indicate that the system is ineffective. B. They are unavoidable and part of the process. C. They should be avoided at all costs. D. They make it impossible to maintain habits. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To discuss strategies for building and maintaining long-lasting habits. B. To explain why SMART goals are essential for habit formation. C. To highlight the importance of willpower in achieving goals. D. To emphasize the role of spontaneity in daily routines. Part II. TRANSCRIPTSmall steps to build long-lasting habitsIt’s day one of a healthier, smarter, better you. You’re full of zest and good intentions. You woke up at 5am to run before work, you read a book in your lunchbreak, and you listened to an English podcast on your commute. Now, fast forward three months. Life is getting in the way, and you’ve slipped into old habits… snoozing your alarm and eating chocolate for breakfast. Sound familiar?zest n. 热情，兴趣 podcast n. 播客，音频节目 commute n. 通勤，往返于工作地点和住所之间 Don’t be hard on yourself. It’s unrealistic to rely on willpower alone. (Q1) As James Clear, author of the bestselling book Atomic Habits, writes, “The problem isn’t you. The problem is your system.” Our habits come from goals, so start by getting really clear. Goals, according to George T Doran, should be SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. It’s not enough to say, “I’ll exercise more” – that’s too vague! (Q2) A SMART goal would be “I’m going to walk for 20 minutes in the evenings on weekdays.” Now you have a clear action that you can stick to.vague adj. 模糊的，不明确的 Once you’re clear on your goals, you need to make the associated habits as automatic as possible. (Q3) Try ‘habit stacking’, a technique popularised in the book Atomic Habits, which involves attaching a new habit onto something you already do regularly. For example, if you already make coffee every morning, use that moment to read your book for 20 minutes. That way, your new reading habit is now intertwined with something you’re going to do anyway. Another key strategy is to reward yourself, to transform the habit from a chore into something pleasurable. If it’s hard to get yourself to the gym, promise yourself that after each visit, you’ll allow yourself a treat – a takeaway meal or an episode of your favourite TV show.stack v. 堆叠，堆积 (Q4) Even with our best intentions and a great system, stress and interruptions to your routine like social events can still make keeping habits feel like an uphill battle. If or when you have setbacks, accept it as part of the process. Life is full of spontaneity and uncertainty – one could argue that’s what keeps it interesting! Use setbacks as a pause for reflection and review. What about your system is working? What’s no longer serving you? Then, get back on track.spontaneity n. 自发性，自然性 Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。根据“As James Clear, author of the bestselling book Atomic Habits, writes, “The problem isn’t you. The problem is your system.” ”，可知詹姆斯·克利尔认为，人们无法坚持好习惯，问题不在于人本身，而在于自身的体系存在缺陷。因此正确答案为C。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“A SMART goal would be “I’m going to walk for 20 minutes in the evenings on weekdays.””，可知一个SMART目标可以是“我打算在工作日的晚上步行20分钟。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. D.【解析】细节题。根据“Try ‘habit stacking’, a technique popularised in the book Atomic Habits, which involves attaching a new habit onto something you already do regularly.”，可知habit stacking是指“习惯叠加”，即将一个新习惯附加到你已经经常做的事情上。因此正确答案为D。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。根据“Even with our best intentions and a great system, stress and interruptions to your routine like social events can still make keeping habits feel like an uphill battle. If or when you have setbacks, accept it as part of the process.”，可知即使我们有最好的意图和很好的系统，压力和社交活动等对日常生活的干扰仍然会让保持习惯感觉像是一场艰难的战斗。在培养习惯的过程中遭遇挫折是过程的一部分。因此正确答案为B。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。整篇文章的核心内容是讨论如何通过明确目标、习惯叠加和奖励机制等策略来建立和维持长期的习惯。“Small steps to build long-lasting habits” 的标题以及文章内容都围绕这一主题展开，因此正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 月亮隐藏的神奇力量

月亮隐藏的神奇力量The Moon’s Hidden Magic常速 | 六级（中等） | 450词 | 2min58s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the passage, what natural phenomenon about the Sun and the Moon did Isaac Asimov describe as “the most unlikely coincidence imaginable”?A. The Sun is 400 times larger in size than the Moon.B. The Moon is 400 times closer to Earth than the Sun.C. The Sun and Moon appear the same size from Earth.D. The Sun and Moon have the same distance from Earth.Q2. What does the passage say about the origin of the word “lunacy”?A. It comes from a Greek word meaning night light.B. It is derived from a Latin word meaning moonstruck.C. It was invented by scientists in the 18th century.D. It refers to the calming effect of the Moon.Q3. According to the passage, how do scientists explain the rise in crime rates around a full moon?A. They prefer to attribute it to convenient light levels.B. They believe it is caused by increased fertility rates.C. They attribute it to the Moon’s pull on the human brain.D. They consider it a myth with no supporting evidence.Q4. What can be inferred about the Moon’s influence on human beings from the passage?A. The Moon has no real effect on human behavior or culture.B. The Moon only influences the physical tides, not human activities.C. The Moon affects humans in many ways, though not all are proven.D. The Moon’s influence is entirely a product of modern imagination.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Scientists have now fully understood the Moon’s mysteries.B. The Moon has a single fixed meaning across all human cultures.C. The Moon is mainly responsible for causing human madness.D. The Moon means different things and reflects human experience.Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe Moon’s Hidden MagicIt is our constant companion, influencing many aspects of our culture, thought and being – ever-present in design, art, music, science, technology, religion.But what is the Moon?It depends who you ask. The ancient Mesopotamians would speak of Nanna, the god of the Moon and creator of all things, while a present-day cosmologist might describe the stabilizing influence of our Earth’s tilt. And most of us picture the Moon as being closer than it actually is. Hm, quite a squeeze for a textbook.cosmologist n. 宇宙学家(Q1) Strangely, the Sun is 400 times further away from the Earth than the Moon and is 400 times its size. This means that, viewed from the Earth, they appear to be exactly the same size. Science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov described this natural quirk as “the most unlikely coincidence imaginable”.quirk n. 怪事；巧合These correlations didn’t go unnoticed by early stargazing cultures. Notably, 108 is an auspicious number for Hindus who count 108 marma points or sacred places in the body. (Q4-1) Many believe the Moon affects our bodies. We know its push and pull affects the tides, and we are organic creatures made largely of water who evolved in an ecosystem reliant on this celestial neighbor.auspicious adj. 吉利的；吉祥的marma point 重要穴位（印度传统医学中的概念）celestial adj. 天空的；天体的What about the Moon’s effect on our state of mind? (Q2) The word lunacy is derived from the Latin word “lunaticus”, meaning “moonstruck”. (Q3+Q4-4) Statistics do show a consistent rise in crime rates around a full moon. Scientists prefer to attribute this to convenient light levels for the plying of nefarious activity. And it’s not only our minds in question. The perceived connection between fertility and the cycles of the Moon goes back a long time. Perhaps that’s just because the lunar and menstrual cycles correlate so closely. In the ancient world, the Moon was generally personified as male, with the shift of female deities and ideas happening more recently, relatively speaking.lunacy n. 精神失常；愚蠢的行为ply v. 从事（活动）；忙于做nefarious adj. 罪恶的；不道德的menstrual cycle 月经周期personify v. 拟人化；把……人格化Then there’s the melancholic reflective Moon. Around the turn of the 18th century, as we adjusted to the brave, new world of science and discovery, artists became increasingly focused on our place in the natural world. Paintings from the likes of Caspar David Friedrich and Joseph Wright of Derby turned to the Moon as a central theme, often with small human figures, their backs to the viewer in quiet reflection. Finally, in July 1969, we successfully landed two men on the Moon, and we discovered what she’d been silently gazing upon for all this time.melancholic adj. 忧郁的；抑郁的So what is the Moon? Male, female, a life support system, inducer of madness, a conspiracy, a symbol of peace? What if it’s all these things, embodying all the light and shade of human experience? It seems the Moon is whatever we choose to see: a constant reflection of us.conspiracy n. 阴谋；密谋Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。命题出处为原文第四段：“Strangely, the Sun is 400 times further away from the Earth than the Moon and is 400 times its size. This means that, viewed from the Earth, they appear to be exactly the same size. Science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov described this natural quirk as ‘the most unlikely coincidence imaginable’.” 意为：“奇妙的是，太阳到地球的距离恰好是月球到地球距离的400倍，而太阳的直径也正好约为月球的400倍。这意味着，从地球上看，它们大小完全相同。科幻作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫曾称这一自然巧合是‘可以想象到的最不可思议的巧合’。” 该句明确指出阿西莫夫描述的奇观是从地球上看太阳和月亮大小完全相同，因此正确答案为C。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。命题出处为原文第七段：“The word lunacy is derived from the Latin word ‘lunaticus’, meaning ‘moonstruck’.” 意为：“lunacy这个词源自拉丁语‘lunaticus’，意思是‘被月亮影响的’。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。命题出处为原文第七段：“Statistics do show a consistent rise in crime rates around a full moon. Scientists prefer to attribute this to convenient light levels for the plying of nefarious activity.” 意为：“统计数据确实显示，在满月前后犯罪率持续上升。科学家更愿意将此归因于明亮的月光为不法活动提供了便利条件。” 因此正确答案为A。Q4. C.【解析】推理题。命题出处为原文第五段：“Many believe the Moon affects our bodies. We know its push and pull affects the tides, and we are organic creatures made largely of water.” 意为：“许多人相信月亮会影响我们的身体。我们知道月亮的引力能引起潮汐涨落，而作为主要由水构成的有机生命体，人类自然也可能受到这种力量的影响。”第七段中，统计数据显示，在满月前后犯罪率持续上升。由此推断，月亮对人类的影响是多方面的，但并非所有影响都得到科学证实，例如满月与犯罪率的因果关系仍存在争议。因此正确答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。文章开篇指出月亮是人类永恒的伴侣，影响着文化、思想、存在等多个方面。月亮没有单一固定的含义，不同时代、不同文化、不同领域的人们赋予它不同的意义，它实际上是人类多元经验和认知的投射。因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 炎热天气让人变得迟钝

炎热天气让人变得迟钝Heat Might Cloud Your Brain常速 | 六级（易） | 526词 | 3min31s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one way extreme heat can affect people, according to the passage?A. It can increase the speed at which people complete tasks.B. It can improve people’s ability to solve difficult problems.C. It can help people remember information more easily.D. It can make it harder to think and make good decisions.Q2. What did the Boston study find about students without air conditioning?A. They were more comfortable while studying.B. They performed less well on the tests.C. They were better at solving numerical problems.D. They completed both tests in less time.Q3. Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the Boston study?A. To show that its findings should be interpreted with some caution.B. To suggest that the researchers used the wrong testing methods.C. To explain why high temperatures affect only university students.D. To prove that air conditioning has little effect on learning.Q4. What did the large study in China suggest about long-term exposure to extreme heat?A. It has little effect unless people suffer heat stroke.B. It mainly affects people’s physical strength.C. It may be linked to a decline in cognitive ability.D. It can improve memory after repeated exposure.Q5. What does the speaker suggest people do when they have to make an important decision on a very hot day?A. Avoid asking others for advice about the decision.B. Make the decision quickly before becoming tired.C. Trust their first reaction rather than overthink it.D. Cool down first and consider the decision carefully.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Heat Waves Affect Your BrainHeat waves are becoming more common in many parts of the world. Most people know that extreme heat can cause health problems, such as heart and breathing difficulties. In serious cases, it can even lead to heat stroke or death. But there is another effect of extreme heat that we may not think about: it can affect the way our brains work.When the temperature gets too high, our bodies try to keep us cool. More blood and energy are sent to parts of the body that help control our temperature. As a result, the brain may receive less blood than usual. Scientists are still studying exactly how this process affects the brain. (Q1) However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.One interesting study was carried out during a heat wave in Boston in 2016. Researchers studied university students living in different buildings. Some students had air conditioning, while others did not. The students with air conditioning stayed in rooms with an average temperature of about 21°C. The rooms without air conditioning were much warmer, with an average temperature of about 26°C.For 12 days, the students completed two simple tests each day. One test involved adding and subtracting numbers. The other was a test of attention. (Q2) The results were clear: students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.(Q3) Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students. However, other studies have found similar results. When people are exposed to high temperatures, they often have more difficulty paying attention and remembering information. They may also be slower at solving problems and making decisions.There is also evidence that long-term exposure to extreme heat may affect our brains. In one large study, researchers followed more than 53,000 people in China for eight years. (Q4) They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability. The researchers estimated that if the number of extremely hot days increases in the future, average human cognitive ability could decline.The effects of heat are not the same for everyone. Older people, for example, may be more strongly affected. People with certain physical conditions may also face greater risks. In addition, even a short period of extreme heat may affect our thinking for some time afterward.So what should we do? The simplest advice is to avoid making important decisions when we are extremely hot. If possible, wait until you are in a cooler environment. (Q5-1) When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.We often use the expression “in the heat of the moment” to describe a decision made without enough thought. As heat waves become more common, the expression may have a more literal meaning than we realize. (Q5-2) When the weather is extremely hot, cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.” 意为：“研究已经表明，高温会使人们更难集中注意力、记忆信息、解决问题和做出正确决定。”因此正确答案为D。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“... students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.” 意为：“……处在较热房间里的学生表现更差，他们答对的问题更少，完成注意力测试所花的时间也更长。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. A.【解析】推断题。题目出处为：“Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students.” 意为：“当然，一项研究不能说明所有问题，因为参与者人数较少，而且都是大学生。”由此可以推断，研究样本有限，因此其结果需要谨慎理解，不能简单推广到所有人群。故正确答案为A。Q4. C.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability.” 意为：“研究发现，经历更多高温天气的人，在记忆和数学能力测试中的表现往往更差。”由此可知，长期暴露于极端高温可能与认知能力下降有关，因此正确答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】细节与推断题。题目出处为：“When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.” 以及结尾处“… cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.” 意为：“如果一项重要决定无法推迟，反而应当慢慢考虑，仔细检查自己的思路，并向他人寻求建议。”以及“给身体降降温，可能也有助于让大脑更好地运转。”因此可以概括为在高温环境下做重要决定前，应先给自己降降温并认真思考，故正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

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