全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2（思政智慧版）

新闻听力 | 美国各州推动在高中禁止使用手机

VOA慢速：美国各州推动在高中禁止使用手机US States Push for Cell Phone Ban in High Schools 慢速 | 四级 偏难 | 677词 | 6min48s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main focus of this report?A. The benefits of allowing cell phone use in high schools.B. The push for cell phone bans in U.S. high schools.C. The technological advancements in educational tools.D. The differences in educational policies across states.Q2. What reason did Governor Glenn Youngkin give for restricting cell phone use in Virginia schools?A. To reduce the amount of time spent on social media.B. To align with federal educational guidelines.C. To increase physical activities among students.D. Because students who use phones during class learn less and achieve lower grades.Q3. What was a common issue reported by teachers regarding student cell phone use?A. Students frequently make phone calls during class.B. Students use phones to cheat on exams.C. Students are distracted by the content on their phones.D. Students refuse to bring phones to school.Q4. Why does James Granger believe that physically removing cellphones from students is effective?A. It prevents students from losing their phones.B. It ensures students follow school policies.C. It eliminates the possibility of phone usage during class.D. It teaches students to be more responsible.Q5. How do some students feel about policies banning cell phone use in schools?A. They believe it helps them focus better.B. They think it increases their independence.C. They feel it enhances communication with parents.D. They see no benefit to such policies.Part II. TRANSCRIPTUS States Push for Cell Phone Ban in High Schools(Q1) More American states are pushing for cell phone restrictions in high schools. The move comes as teachers say it is a major problem in the classroom. In July, Virginia became the latest in a growing number of U.S. states to restrict cell phone use in public schools. The state’s governor, Glenn Youngkin, issued an executive order to establish guidance and policies for local school systems to follow by January.executive n. 有执行权的；实施的；行政的(Q2) Youngkin’s order said, “Studies indicate that students who use their phones during class learn less and achieve lower grades.” It also cited an “alarming mental health crisis” among young people driven by the use of cell phones and social media.Last year, Florida became the first state to restrict the use of cell phones in school. A law that took effect in July requires all Florida public schools to ban student cell phone use during class time and block social media on the school’s wi-fi.The states of Indiana and Ohio passed their own laws this year. Several others, including Oklahoma, Vermont, and Kansas, have also recently introduced what is being called “phone-free schools” legislation. New York Governor Kathy Hochul said she will push for legislation to ban cell phone use in the coming legislative session in 2025.Cell phone distractionIn a recent public study, the Pew Research Center reported that 72 percent of U.S. high school teachers say cell phone distraction is a major problem in the classroom.Teachers report less of a problem with younger students. About 33 percent of middle school teachers and six percent of elementary school teachers see cell phone use as problematic.(Q3-1) The Associated Press (AP) reported that a California teacher complained of students watching Netflix during class. In Maryland, a teacher said students used gambling apps to place bets during the school day.(Q3-2) Many educators in the U.S. said students used social media, listened to music, and shopped online during the school day.James Granger is a science teacher at a Los Angeles-area high school. He told the AP, “Students used to have an understanding that you aren’t supposed to be on your phone in class. Those days are gone.” (Q4) Granger added, “The only solution that works is to physically remove the cellphone from the student.”Some students say such policies take away their independence and cut off their main method of communication with family and friends. Opposition also has come from parents who fear being cut off from their kids if there is a school emergency.Jaden Willoughey is a student at Delta High School in rural Utah. He shares the concern about being out of contact with his parents if there is an emergency. But he also sees the upside, or good result, of turning in his phone at school.upside n. 好的一面，积极面At Delta High School, students are required to leave their phones at the door when entering every class. (Q5) “It helps you focus on your work, and it’s easier to pay attention in class,” Jaden said.Kim Whitman is a leader of the Phone-Free Schools Movement, a group that advises schools. She told the AP she urges educators to make exceptions for students with special educational and medical needs.Back in VirginiaBack in Virginia, school systems have been increasingly banning or severely restricting students’ phone use.For example, Loudoun County Public Schools, in northern Virginia, passed a new policy last month that generally bans elementary school students from using phones during the school day.Middle school students are permitted to use their phones before or after school, but they are expected to store their phones in their lockers. In high school, students are expected to silence their phones and place them in storage during instructional time.In Richmond, Virginia, the school system started a cell phone ban last year in some of its high schools and middle schools.Jason Kamras is head of the Richmond school system. He said, “We saw more student engagement in class and fewer distractions throughout the day.” Additionally, he said, “Students reported spending more time talking with their peers.”Part III. KEYQ1. B. 主旨题。题目出处为“More American states are pushing for cell phone restrictions in high schools. The move comes as teachers say it is a major problem in the classroom.”以及整篇文章内容。文章主要讨论了美国各州推动高中禁止使用手机的情况。因此答案为B。Q2. D. 细节题。题目出处为“Youngkin’s order said, ‘Studies indicate that students who use their phones during class learn less and achieve lower grades.’” 意为：“Youngkin的行政令上写道，‘研究表明，在课堂上使用手机的学生学习效果较差，成绩也较低。’” 因此答案为D。Q3. C. 细节题。题目出处为“The Associated Press (AP) reported that a California teacher complained of students watching Netflix during class. In Maryland, a teacher said students used gambling apps to place bets during the school day. Many educators in the U.S. said students used social media, listened to music, and shopped online during the school day.”意为：“美联社报道，加利福尼亚的一位老师抱怨学生在课堂上看Netflix。在马里兰州，一位老师说学生们在上课时使用赌博应用程序下注。美国还有很多教育者称，学生在上学日使用社交媒体，听音乐，网购。”因此答案为C，即学生会被手机里的内容吸引而分心。Q4. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Granger added, ‘The only solution that works is to physically remove the cellphone from the student.’” 意为：“格兰杰补充道，‘唯一有效的解决方案是把手机从学生身边拿掉。’” 推理可知，这样才能彻底阻止学生在课堂上使用手机，因此答案为C。Q5. A. 细节题。题目出处为“It helps you focus on your work, and it’s easier to pay attention in class,” 意为：“它可以帮助你专注于你的工作，并且更容易在课堂上集中注意力。” 因此答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 读大学值得吗？

VOA慢速：读大学值得吗？Is College Worth It?慢速 | CET-4中等 | 751词 | 7min35s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main idea discussed in this report?A. The declining number of college applicants in recent years.B. The increasing doubts about higher education in the U.S.C. The political bias and indoctrination in American universities.D. The benefits of attending two-year community colleges over four-year universities.Q2. What percentage of adults in the 2024 study expressed strong confidence in higher education?A. 36 percent.B. 57 percent.C. 32 percent.D. 25 percent.Q3. What reason did Randy Hill mention for his nephew planning to pursue a welding apprenticeship instead of college?A. He wants to gain practical experience.B. College is too expensive and not job-oriented.C. He dislikes the liberal bias in colleges.D. He prefers hands-on learning.Q4. What is one of the potential consequences of fewer college graduates mentioned by experts?A. Higher unemployment rates.B. Increased economic stability.C. Worsening labor shortages.D. Improved lifetime earnings.Q5. Why do more people reportedly have confidence in two-year community colleges compared to four-year colleges?A. Two-year programs offer more diverse courses.B. Community colleges are less politically biased.D. They are seen as more cost-effective.C. They have better job placement rates.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs College Worth It?(Q1) A new study says that Americans have increasing questions about the value and cost of a college education. Most of the people taking part in the study felt that higher education in the U.S. is headed in the “wrong direction.”Gallup and the Lumina Foundation carried out the study. It found that (Q2) only 36 percent of adults said they had a “great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in higher education.That confidence level has decreased steadily from 57 percent in 2015. That was the first year in which Gallup measured confidence in higher education.The decline is seen in all subgroups of people including sex, age, and political ties. Some of the opinions in the study might show concerns about the high cost of college and how race and other subjects are taught.Fifty-nine-year-old Randy Hill is a registered Republican in Connecticut and a driver for a car service. (Q3) He told the Associated Press, “It’s so expensive, and I don’t think colleges are teaching people what they need to get a job.” Hill said his nephew plans to do a welding apprenticeship after high school instead of going to college.welding n. 焊接The June 2024 study found that 36 percent of adults feel strong confidence in higher education. That percentage is unchanged from the year before.But the researchers said they were concerned that fewer Americans were saying that they had “some” confidence, and more were reporting “very little” or “none.” This year’s findings show almost as many people have little or no confidence, 32 percent, as those with high confidence.(Q4) Experts say that fewer college graduates could worsen labor shortages in fields from health care to information technology. For those who do not go to college, it often means lower lifetime earnings.Georgetown University’s Center on Education and the Workforce said lifetime earnings for those without a bachelor’s degree could be 75 percent less than for those with a degree. The center also said that during an economic downturn, those without college degrees are more likely to lose their jobs.Courtney Brown is a vice president at Lumina, an education nonprofit group. It aims to increase the number of students who seek education beyond high school. She said, “What’s shocking to me is that the people who have low or no confidence is actually increasing..”This year’s study added new, detailed questions in an effort to understand why confidence is shrinking.Almost one-third of people in the study said college is “too expensive.” About 25 percent thought students are not getting the right education or taught what they need to succeed.The study did not ask about the protests against the war in Gaza this year that divided many college communities. But people who took part said they had concerns about indoctrination, political bias, and that colleges are too liberal. Among those who said they lack confidence in college, 41 percent said political activity was a reason.indoctrination n. 教导，教化Other findingsSixty-seven percent of adults in the study said colleges are headed in the “wrong direction.” That is more than two times higher than the 31 percent who think that colleges are going in the right direction.Gallup noted that when people express confidence in higher education, they are thinking of four-year colleges. But the study found that more people have confidence in two-year community colleges.(Q5) Forty-nine percent of adults said they have “a great deal” or “quite a lot” of confidence in two-year programs, compared with 33 percent of Americans who feel that way about four-year colleges.California college student Kristen Freeman said she understands why.“It’s about saving money. That’s why I went to a two-year. It’s more bang for your buck,” said Freeman who is a 22-year-old sociology major at Diablo Valley Community College. She plans to go to San Jose State University for the final two years of college.bang for one’s buck 钱花得合算；所有的努力都值得Freeman said she understands the concerns about indoctrination and whether college prepares students for life and work. But she feels the only way to change structural problems is from the inside.“I am learning about the world around me and developing useful skills in critical thinking,” Freeman said. “I think higher education can give students the spark to want to change the system.”Part III. KEYQ1. B. 主旨题。题目出处为“A new study says that Americans have increasing questions about the value and cost of a college education.” 意为：“一项新研究表明，美国人越来越质疑大学教育的价值和成本。” 整篇文章围绕这一主题展开，分析了不同群体的观点和数据。因此答案为B。Q2. A. 细节题。题目出处为“Only 36 percent of adults said they had a ‘great deal’ or ‘quite a lot’ of confidence in higher education.” 意为：“只有36%的成年人表示他们对高等教育有‘很大的’或‘相当多的’信心。” 因此答案为A。Q3. B. 细节题。题目出处为“He told the Associated Press, ‘It’s so expensive, and I don’t think colleges are teaching people what they need to get a job.’”意为：“他告诉美联社，‘费用太高了，我认为大学没有教人们获得工作的必备技能。’” 因此答案为B。Q4. C. 细节题。题目出处为“Experts say that fewer college graduates could worsen labor shortages in fields from health care to information technology.”意为：“专家表示，较少的大学毕业生可能会加剧从医疗保健到信息技术领域的劳动力短缺现象。” 因此答案为C。Q5. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Forty-nine percent of adults said they have ‘a great deal’ or ‘quite a lot’ of confidence in two-year programs... ‘It’s about saving money. That’s why I went to a two-year.’” 意为：“49%的成年人表示对两年制课程非常有信心……‘这是为了省钱。这就是我选择两年制学校的原因。’” 因此答案为D，cost-effective的意思是“划算的，有成本效益的”。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 微塑料有害吗

VOA慢速：微塑料有害吗Are Microplastics Harmful? 慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 425词 | 4min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are microplastics and where can they be found, according to the text?A. They are natural sea organisms found only in oceans.B. They are tiny plastic pieces found in oceans, air, food, and human body tissues.C. They are a type of food additive used in processed foods.D. They are synthetic materials found only in manufactured products.Q2. What do some researchers believe about microplastics and human health?A. There is definitive evidence that microplastics harm human health.B. There are no concerns about microplastics and human health.C. There are concerns about potential health effects, but no clear evidence yet.D. Microplastics are beneficial to human health.Q3. What can be inferred about the current state of research on microplastics?A. It is in its early stages, and comprehensive conclusions about health effects are yet to be reached.B. It has definitively proved that microplastics are harmless.C. It has been extensively studied for decades with clear guidelines established.D. It shows that microplastics are beneficial for improving heart health.Q4. What is the primary focus of the text?A. The benefits of microplastics in daily life.B. The manufacturing process of microplastics.C. The presence and potential health effects of microplastics.D. Scientific advancements in plastic recycling.Q5. According to the text, how can people reduce their exposure to microplastics?A. By taking vitamins that reduce microplastics.B. By using plastic bottles and containers.C. By eating out frequently.D. By taking off shoes before entering the home and not heating food in plastic containers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAre Microplastics Harmful?(Q1) Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.(Q2/4) Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.Manufacturers mostly use oil or other petroleum products to make plastic. The material is used to make a huge number of different products: water bottles, car parts, children’s playthings, clothing, electronics and more. Heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller and smaller pieces.Microplastics can be 5 millimeters long at most or as small as one micrometer. A micrometer is one-one thousandth of a millimeter. Microplastics have been found in salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. They have also been found in milk, soil, and drinking water.micrometer n. 微米 Researchers disagree about how much plastic people might be breathing in or taking in as food and drink. Still, many studies find evidence of plastics in body tissues.Tracey Woodruff is a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco. She said, “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated.”Scientists are still trying to answer the question of how harmful microplastics might be. In 2022, a World Health Organization report found no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence.There is also not clear evidence of widespread public health effects.(Q3) However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects. Woodruff of U.C. San Francisco said it makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain poisonous chemicals. The researcher was part of an investigative team that examined nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California state lawmakers.Some evidence suggests plastics can increase inflammation and other changes in the body. Such changes could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.inflammation n. 炎症 Researchers say there are ways to reduce possible contact with microplastics.(Q5) Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside. Eat foods ― especially fresh fruits and vegetables ― that you prepare at home. Do not heat foods in plastic containers, Woodruff said. And, she added, use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.I’m Andrew Smith. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 意为：“极小的塑料碎片被称为微塑料，它们存在于海洋和空气以及我们的食物和水中。科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为：“Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.” 意为：“一些研究人员担心微塑料会危害人类健康，尽管他们表示科学尚未发现明确证据。不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康造成的影响，仍有许多问题有待解答。”因此答案为C。Q3. A. 推理题。题目出处为：“However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects.”意为：但是，研究人员最近才开始测量人体内的塑料水平并了解其可能的影响。”因此可以推断出，对于微塑料对健康影响的研究还处于早期阶段，尚未得出全面结论。因此答案为A。Q4. C. 主旨题。本文主要讨论了微塑料的存在以及它可能对健康产生的影响。题目出处为：“Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 和“Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.”意为：“科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”以及“不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康产生的影响，仍然有问题尚待解答。”因此答案为C。Q5. D. 细节题。题目出处为：“Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside... Do not heat foods in plastic containers… use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.”意为：“进家门之前脱鞋，这有助于防止微塑料在室内扩散……不要在塑料容器中加热食物……使用金属或玻璃水瓶，而不是塑料。”因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 美法官裁定谷歌垄断搜索市场

BBC新闻：美法官裁定谷歌垄断搜索市场US Judge Rules Google Monopolized Search Market 常速 | CET-6 偏难 | 146词 | 57s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the text mainly about?A. Legal actions against tech companies for violating environmental laws.B. Alphabet’s strategic moves to dominate the internet.C. The judicial ruling on Google’s monopolistic practices in online searches.D. Changes in antitrust laws under different US administrations.Q2. What was the main accusation against Google by the Department of Justice?A. Overcharging for online advertisements.B. Unfairly dominating the online search market.C. Sharing user data without consent.D. Undermining cybersecurity measures.Q3. Who did Alphabet make payments to in order to secure Google search as the default option?A. Apple and Samsung.B. Yahoo and Amazon.C. Microsoft and Hulu.D. Facebook and Twitter.Q4. What was the intended effect of Alphabet’s payments to Apple and Samsung according to the federal judge?A. To improve the user experience.B. To finance new innovations.C. To enhance data privacy.D. To block market rivals.Q5. What can be inferred about the future actions of the Justice Department from the text?A. They will soften their stance on tech companies’ market dominance.B. They will likely continue to enforce antitrust laws rigorously.C. They will shift focus to international tech regulations.D. They will stop pursuing cases started under the Trump administration.Part II. TRANSCRIPTUS Judge Rules Google Monopolized Search Market(Q1) A district judge in the United States has ruled that Google acted illegally to maintain a monopoly in online searches and related advertising. (Q2) Antitrust regulators from the Department of Justice had sued Google over its control of 90% of the online search market. sue v. 起诉Michelle Flurry has more details. (Q3) A federal judge ruled that payments by Alphabet to the likes of Apple and Samsung to make Google search the default option on their smartphones and web browsers violated US antitrust law. (Q4) He said Google was a monopolist and the money it had spent in effect blocked rivals from succeeding in the market. The ruling represents a major setback for Alphabet which plans to appeal. (Q5) The Justice Department, which filed the case nearly four years ago when Donald Trump was president, hailed the outcome as an historic win and said it would continue to vigorously enforce antitrust laws.default adj. 默认的monopolist n. 垄断者hail v. 赞扬Part III. KEYQ1. C. 主旨题。这段文字主要讨论了法院对谷歌非法垄断行为的裁决。题目出处为：“A district judge in the United States has ruled that Google acted illegally to maintain a monopoly in online searches and related advertising.” 意为：“美国的一名地方法官裁定，谷歌为了维持在线搜索和相关广告的垄断地位采用了非法行为。”因此答案为C。Q2. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Antitrust regulators from the Department of Justice had sued Google over its control of 90% of the online search market.” 意为：“美国司法部的反垄断监管机构因谷歌对90%的在线搜索市场拥有控制权而起诉了谷歌。” 由此可以看出答案为B。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为：“A federal judge ruled that payments by Alphabet to the likes of Apple and Samsung to make Google search the default option on their smartphones and web browsers violated US antitrust law.” 意为：“一名联邦法官裁定，Alphabet向苹果和三星等公司支付费用以使其搜索引擎成为其智能手机和网络浏览器上的默认选项的行为违反了美国的反垄断法。” 因此答案为A。Q4. D. 细节题。题目出处为：“He said Google was a monopolist and the money it had spent in effect blocked rivals from succeeding in the market.” 意为：“他说谷歌是一家垄断企业，并且其所花费的资金实际上阻断了竞争对手在市场上取得成功的机会。” 因此答案为D。Q5. B. 推理题。题目出处为：“The Justice Department ... hailed the outcome as an historic win and said it would continue to vigorously enforce antitrust laws.” 意为：“司法部称结果是具有历史意义的胜利，并表示将继续大力执行反垄断法。” 由此可以推断出司法部坚定打击垄断行为，因此答案为B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 锻炼真能减肥吗？

锻炼真能减肥吗？We Need to Rethink Exercise: The Workout Paradox常速 | CET-6中等| 1328词 | 9min19s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the talk and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What did scientists discover when comparing calorie burn between the Hadza and people in industrialized societies?A. The Hadza burn significantly more calories.B. Both groups burn about the same amount of calories.C. Industrialized societies burn more due to higher stress levels.D. Calorie consumption is irrelevant to lifestyle.Q2. According to the text, what is one reason why exercising might not lead to significant fat loss?A. Exercising burns too few calories.B. People tend to eat more after exercising.C. The body compensates by reducing activity levels at other times.D. Most exercises are not intense enough.Q3. How does chronic inflammation affect health according to the text?A. It boosts the immune system’s efficiency.B. It reduces the brain’s energy consumption.C. It helps in faster recovery from injuries.D. It can lead to serious diseases if not controlled.Q4. Based on the text, why do humans have a tendency to overeat in modern times?A. Because of their big brains and social skills training.B. Due to increased availability of food.C. Because they need more energy for physical activities.D. Because of genetic predisposition to obesity.Q5. What is the main focus of this text?A. The relationship between calorie intake and exercise.B. The benefits of different types of physical activities.C. The reasons why exercise alone may not be effective for weight loss.D. The impact of modern lifestyles on health and fitness.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWe Need to Rethink Exercise: The Workout ParadoxThe Myth of the WorkoutA few years ago, scientists began to compare populations in industrialized societies, which sit a lot, to hunter-gatherer communities who move around a lot. The Hadza people in Tanzania walk an average of 9 km a day to find wild plants and hunt animals, dig for tubers, climb trees for honey, or collect water. They can move more in a single day than an office worker in a week. So of course, they burn more calories, right? hunter-gatherer 采集狩猎者tuber n. 块茎（某些植物的肉质地下茎）(Q1) But it turns out that the Hadza burn the same amount of calories per day as a typical person in an industrialized country: around 1,900 for women and around 2,600 for men — which doesn’t make sense at all. It’s also not their genes, since it’s the same for other hunter-gatherer tribes.So the confused scientists looked at similar measurements in individual countries. It got even stranger: Active people who work out regularly do burn more than inactive people, but only very little, often as low as 100 calories, the equivalent of a single apple. For some strange reason, the amount of calories you burn is pretty much unrelated to your lifestyle. Per kilo of body weight, your body has a fixed calorie budget it wants to burn per day. Sure, if you want to gain muscles by pumping iron, you also need to eat more to build and sustain them or your new muscles wither away. But in total, your body keeps your calorie budget per unit of you pretty stable.And to make matters worse, if you want to lose fat your body sabotages you in small and big ways: (Q2) First of all, when you begin to work out regularly, maybe going for a run in the morning, your body may subconsciously make you move less when you don’t pay attention. Maybe you take the elevator instead of the stairs, you sit more when you meet your friends or you sleep longer — largely balancing out your burn again, preventing you from burning much fat. You can overcome this temporarily: If you do actually change your life after sitting around for years and suddenly start working out without eating more, this is a shock to your system. You actually do burn more calories and lose fat — so you can lose a few kilos or pounds through exercise! But this is very short-lived. Your body adapts and burns fewer and fewer extra calories each day until it restores its original calorie budget. After a few months you burn basically the same amount you did when you didn’t work out. Bizarre! And now we are getting to the actual reason why exercise is healthy.Why Your Body is Sabotaging YouSo your body has a hardwired activity budget per day that it wants to stick to. This setting evolved when humans had to move a lot. Not because they wanted to, but because they had to find food for survival. But when food is abundant and exercise is voluntary, what does your body do with the energy that you are not using to move around? We are simplifying a lot here, and this is relatively new science, but in a nutshell: There are many different systems in your body trying to do their job as well as possible. And if there’s extra energy, they seem to use it. Unfortunately, this is bad. When your immune cells detect injuries or infections, they trigger inflammation. Fighter cells, alarm chemicals and fluids flood into your tissue. This is crucial, but it also causes damage, so it needs to be cleaned up quickly or it can become chronic. (Q3) And chronic inflammation is one of the major contributors to many serious diseases, from cancer to heart failure. If your immune system is on a tight budget, it has to be efficient with inflammation — with lots of free calories though, it over-commits.inflammation n. 发炎；炎症Another thing is that your glands produce hormones you don’t need, like cortisol, the stress hormone, which triggers your fight or flight response. Crucial for survival, but if you have too much of it you get, well, very stressed, all the time. Chronic stress is a major cause for a bouquet of health issues including your mental state. gland n. 腺hormone n. 激素；荷尔蒙cortisol n. （生化）皮质醇For our ancestors, who moved a lot and had to deal with sudden bursts of activity, fleeing from a lion, attacking that bison, this cortisol was crucial — but if you live a modern, sedentary lifestyle your body is ready for action that doesn’t happen, hurting itself in the process.bison n. 野牛（分北美野牛和欧洲野牛两类）sedentary adj. 惯于久坐不动的Your body evolved to move regularly and is fine-tuned to a certain base level of activity. If this activity is missing, it still uses almost the identical amount of energy, just on stupid stuff. This is why you burn almost the same amount of calories whether you work out or not — by working out you are not doing anything extra, you are doing what your body is literally made to do.Working out is not a magic bullet, but it seems to restore an internal physical balance that seriously affects your body. And this is also why regular exercise is so incredibly healthy, the evidence is incredibly clear here. It reduces chronic inflammation and stress, it is good for your heart, may ease depression, and makes you live longer and better. Movement is not really made to burn your fat though.Why Humans Are So HungryWhen your ancestors evolved, they had to work hard for calories. Sometimes it would be easy, and they could afford to chill out quite a bit. But in hard times, they had to move quite a bit to feed themselves, walk longer to find prey, or dig longer to find tubers. chill out 放松，冷静If extra movement burned more calories, this would lead to a spiral of starvation. The less food you find, the more energy you need to find food — which doesn’t even fill you up, because you moved more. It’s like taking on more debt when you are in the red. It works for a while, but then you go bankrupt and die. So for your ancestors, being able to move a lot without burning extra calories was a matter of life and death.be in the red 负债，有赤字OK. But this means the obesity epidemic of the modern world is not primarily caused by laziness, but by overeating. Humans evolved to be mad for calories because of our extremely hungry brains and our extremely useless kids. Kids are cute, but unlike other species, human kids have to be fed and cared for by adults for years before they become even remotely useful. (Q4) Because the human brain not only eats up about 20% of all our calories at rest — twice as much as our closest ape relatives’ — it also takes a lot of time to develop through playing, learning and honing social skills — all the things that make us human.hone v. 磨练，训练Our species is so extremely calorie-expensive to maintain that we became super-efficient calorie harvesters. 5 hours of human hunter-gatherer foraging yields between 3,000 and 5,000 calories, while our ape relatives get no more than 1,500 in the same time. And we became so good at calorie harvesting precisely because of our big brains and years of social skill training. forage v. 觅（食）In a typical ancestral tribe, some members would spend the day searching for plants, others hunting or gathering honey, others nurturing kids. And at the end of the day, we’d share the calories so that no one would end up hungry.Being frenetic calorie harvesters seems to be deeply part of what makes us human. It’s not a bug, but a feature. But today, it seems as if that feature has turned on us — we can’t stop overproducing food and overeating. If you want to lose fat, food is the answer. We’ll cover diet in the next part.frenetic adj. 发狂似的；狂乱的So, to conclude: You’ll probably not lose nearly as much fat by working out as you hoped, but you will do something more important: give your body balance and make you more resilient and prevent or delay many of the diseases that will make your life miserable so you can enjoy a higher-quality of life, for much longer.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为“But it turns out that the Hadza burn the same amount of calories per day as a typical person in an industrialized country.”意为：“但事实证明，哈扎人每天消耗的卡路里与工业化国家的普通人相同。” 因此答案为B。Q2. C. 推理题。题目出处为“First of all, when you begin to work out regularly ... your body may subconsciously make you move less when you don’t pay attention.” 意为：“首先，当你开始定期锻炼时……你的身体可能会在你不注意的时候下意识地让你减少活动。” 因此答案为C。Q3. D. 推理题。题目出处为“And chronic inflammation is one of the major contributors to many serious diseases, from cancer to heart failure.” 意为：“慢性炎症是导致多种严重疾病的主要原因之一，这些疾病包括从癌症到心力衰竭。” 因此答案为D。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“Because the human brain not only eats up about 20% of all our calories at rest — twice as much as our closest ape relatives’ — it also takes a lot of time to develop through playing, learning and honing social skills — all the things that make us human.” 意为：“因为人类大脑在休息时不仅消耗所有卡路里的约20%——这是与我们最接近的猿类亲戚的两倍——人类还需要通过玩耍、学习和磨练社交技能来进化很长时间——这些都使我们成为了人。” 因此答案为A。Q5. C. 主旨题。文章主要讨论了为什么仅靠锻炼可能无法有效减肥的原因。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 微塑料有害吗

VOA慢速：微塑料有害吗Are Microplastics Harmful? 慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 425词 | 4min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are microplastics and where can they be found, according to the text?A. They are natural sea organisms found only in oceans.B. They are tiny plastic pieces found in oceans, air, food, and human body tissues.C. They are a type of food additive used in processed foods.D. They are synthetic materials found only in manufactured products.Q2. What do some researchers believe about microplastics and human health?A. There is definitive evidence that microplastics harm human health.B. There are no concerns about microplastics and human health.C. There are concerns about potential health effects, but no clear evidence yet.D. Microplastics are beneficial to human health.Q3. What can be inferred about the current state of research on microplastics?A. It is in its early stages, and comprehensive conclusions about health effects are yet to be reached.B. It has definitively proved that microplastics are harmless.C. It has been extensively studied for decades with clear guidelines established.D. It shows that microplastics are beneficial for improving heart health.Q4. What is the primary focus of the text?A. The benefits of microplastics in daily life.B. The manufacturing process of microplastics.C. The presence and potential health effects of microplastics.D. Scientific advancements in plastic recycling.Q5. According to the text, how can people reduce their exposure to microplastics?A. By taking vitamins that reduce microplastics.B. By using plastic bottles and containers.C. By eating out frequently.D. By taking off shoes before entering the home and not heating food in plastic containers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAre Microplastics Harmful?(Q1) Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.(Q2/4) Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.Manufacturers mostly use oil or other petroleum products to make plastic. The material is used to make a huge number of different products: water bottles, car parts, children’s playthings, clothing, electronics and more. Heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller and smaller pieces.Microplastics can be 5 millimeters long at most or as small as one micrometer. A micrometer is one-one thousandth of a millimeter. Microplastics have been found in salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. They have also been found in milk, soil, and drinking water.micrometer n. 微米 Researchers disagree about how much plastic people might be breathing in or taking in as food and drink. Still, many studies find evidence of plastics in body tissues.Tracey Woodruff is a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco. She said, “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated.”Scientists are still trying to answer the question of how harmful microplastics might be. In 2022, a World Health Organization report found no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence.There is also not clear evidence of widespread public health effects.(Q3) However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects. Woodruff of U.C. San Francisco said it makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain poisonous chemicals. The researcher was part of an investigative team that examined nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California state lawmakers.Some evidence suggests plastics can increase inflammation and other changes in the body. Such changes could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.inflammation n. 炎症 Researchers say there are ways to reduce possible contact with microplastics.(Q5) Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside. Eat foods ― especially fresh fruits and vegetables ― that you prepare at home. Do not heat foods in plastic containers, Woodruff said. And, she added, use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.I’m Andrew Smith. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 意为：“极小的塑料碎片被称为微塑料，它们存在于海洋和空气以及我们的食物和水中。科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为：“Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.” 意为：“一些研究人员担心微塑料会危害人类健康，尽管他们表示科学尚未发现明确证据。不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康造成的影响，仍有许多问题有待解答。”因此答案为C。Q3. A. 推理题。题目出处为：“However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects.”意为：但是，研究人员最近才开始测量人体内的塑料水平并了解其可能的影响。”因此可以推断出，对于微塑料对健康影响的研究还处于早期阶段，尚未得出全面结论。因此答案为A。Q4. C. 主旨题。本文主要讨论了微塑料的存在以及它可能对健康产生的影响。题目出处为：“Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 和“Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.”意为：“科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”以及“不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康产生的影响，仍然有问题尚待解答。”因此答案为C。Q5. D. 细节题。题目出处为：“Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside... Do not heat foods in plastic containers… use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.”意为：“进家门之前脱鞋，这有助于防止微塑料在室内扩散……不要在塑料容器中加热食物……使用金属或玻璃水瓶，而不是塑料。”因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌授课

授课点评：潘紫萌老师在本次大赛中与来自全国各地的商务英语优秀教师展开激烈角逐，在教学理念、教学方法、课堂设计、英语素质、商务知识、教姿教态、师生互动等方面的表现都较突出，最后以总分第一荣获特等奖。潘老师以准确的英语发音先声夺人，丰富的表达方式、适中的语调语速和端庄的教姿教态也令人印象深刻。在课程设计环节，为实现其教学目标，她选择business ethics作为主题，介绍了教学目标、学生特征、以学生为中心和以产出为导向的教学理念，以及线上线下结合、传统和高科技媒体结合等丰富多彩的教学方式。这份介绍全面立体但简明扼要，为后面的演示（demo）课提供了一个很好的支撑。由于大赛的授课时间有限，潘老师突出重点，在演示课上只展示教学方案的第三步，即participatory learning 1 和 post assessment 1。她采用BOPPPS（bridge in, objectives, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post assessment, summary）模型，通过德国大众汽车减排作假、中国支付宝公益植树项目等案例，教学目标涵盖商务英语知识、技能、以及相关的伦理和价值观等。在短短的十几分钟里要达到这么多项教学目标绝非易事。潘老师通过一系列的短视频、多种教学方法（如听力填空、案例讨论、汉译英、样本对话补正等）以及活泼的师生互动，较好地实现了教学目标，显示出选手突出的课堂组织能力。商务英语教学起源于英美等国，因此基本使用本国素材、讲本国故事。传入中国后，主要使用外国素材、讲外国故事。令人欣喜的是，潘老师注意突出中国特色，多次引用中国案例，讲授中国故事，传播中国价值观。加上她出色的英语基本功和良好的师生互动，使得教学过程十分流畅，也没有不同文化同场展示的违和感。总而言之，潘紫萌老师在授课环节的各方面表现都很优秀。不足之处当然也有。首先， 8’13’’开始的讨论过于仓促，只有18秒， 8’31’’就结束了。由于讨论不充分，在随后的问答环节中，更多的回答似乎来自老师而不是学生。第二个是要增加教学过程的自然自发 (spontaneity)。不知是因为课前多次排练还是老师特意要求，学生的产出只有一次对话（17’40’’）相对自然，其他的多次回答虽准确无误，但都像中国小学生朗读课文或回答问题，语音、语调、语速都过于整齐合一，这不利于培养学生的英语实际表达能力。点评专家：陈准民

新世纪商务英语专业本科系列教材（第二版）商务英语综合教程（智慧版） 第4册 Unit 1 Listen, Watch and Discuss

新目标大学英语系列教材（第二版）：科技英语教程（第2版）Unit 9 PPT课件（试用版）