全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 每天步行多少步能防止发胖？

每天步行多少步能防止发胖？How many daily steps can help keep weight off?常速 | 五级（偏难） | 443词 | 2min59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What daily step goal does the study suggest may help people maintain weight loss?A. Around 6,000 steps each day.B. Around 7,000 steps each day.C. Around 8,500 steps each day.D. Around 10,000 steps each day.Q2. What kind of data did the researchers analyze in the study?A. Medical records from several health institutions.B. Data collected from eighteen earlier studies.C. Survey responses from daily fitness users.D. Interviews with doctors at obesity clinics.Q3. According to the study, what did researchers discover about walking during weight loss programs?A. It immediately improved participants’ overall health.B. It replaced the need for diet changes.C. It helped people lose weight much faster.D. It showed limited effect on additional weight loss.Q4. What can be inferred about the role of physical activity in weight management?A. It works best when combined with medical treatment.B. It is more helpful for keeping weight off long term.C. It is mainly useful for people with severe obesity.D. It is more effective than diet control at first.Q5. What does Dr. Tara Narula mainly suggest about the study findings?A. They should be considered a useful but preliminary result.B. They should guide people to exercise exactly 8,500 steps.C. They should replace traditional weight loss advice.D. They should be applied to every adult immediately.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow many daily steps can help keep weight off?(Q1) A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.(Q2) The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.(Q3) Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs. However, people who continued taking more steps each day were more likely to keep the weight off over time.Over an average follow-up period of about 1.5 years, researchers found participants maintained roughly 1% of weight loss for every additional 1,000 steps they walked daily, with the average participant starting at about 7,400 steps per day at baseline.The study noted that an average of 8,500 daily steps appeared to help participants maintain weight loss the longest, though researchers stressed that it is not a strict target or prescription for everyone.prescription n. 处方；建议；规定The increased activity happened as part of structured lifestyle programs that also included diet changes and behavioral counseling.“This was a lifestyle modification program, and it really is a multifactorial approach when it comes to weight loss. So these individuals got diet and behavioral counseling in addition to really moving more. And so you really need all of that,” ABC News medical contributor Dr. Tara Narula said on “Good Morning America” Monday.multifactorial adj. 多因素的；由多种因素造成的(Q5) Narula noted that researchers described the findings as “hypothesis-generating” and said more research is needed.“The researchers say, look, this is really hypothesis-generating; it should push us to do more research,” she explained. “It is not a prescription that everyone should go out and now do 8,500 steps. But it is helpful information.”(Q4) Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.The study also had several limitations. The analysis only included adults who were overweight or obese and relied on pooled population data, meaning the findings show correlation rather than direct cause and effect.correlation n. 相互关系；关联“Certainly if you’re planning to do a weight loss program, talk to your doctor about what is right for you in terms of your movement and goals overall,” Narula said. “And healthy habits build on each other. The more you lose weight, the more you want to exercise, and you feel better. But it really is helpful to know that just that little bit of increase might be all you need.”Part III. KEYQ1.C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.” 意为：“一项新的研究表明，增加每日步数或许有助于长期保持减重效果，建议将每日步数目标设置为每天8500步左右。”该句直接给出了研究所建议的步数目标，因此正确答案为C。Q2.B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.” 意为：“这项研究发表在《国际环境研究与公共健康期刊》上，并于上周在欧洲肥胖大会上做了报告。研究分析了此前18项探讨减重和身体活动关系的相关数据。”该句明确说明研究的数据来源，因此正确答案为B。Q3.D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs.” 意为：“研究人员发现，在减重计划进行阶段，多走路与进一步减轻体重之间并没有很强的联系。”由此可知，在减重过程中增加步数并不会显著带来额外的减重效果，因此正确答案为D。Q4.B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.” 意为：“研究人员得出结论，在减重阶段限制热量摄入的作用可能更为显著，而更高强度的运动则与长期维持减重成果关系更为密切。”由此可以推断，运动对于维持长期减重更为有效，因此正确答案为B。Q5.A.【解析】观点题。题目出处为：“Narula noted that researchers described the findings as ‘hypothesis generating’ and said more research is needed.” 意为：“纳鲁拉指出，研究人员将这些发现定性为‘生成假说’性质，并强调仍需要进一步研究。” 该句表明研究结果具有一定参考价值，但仍属于初步发现，需要进一步研究验证，因此正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 用运动对抗抑郁和焦虑能否等同于正规治疗？

用运动对抗抑郁和焦虑能否等同于正规治疗？Is exercise as effective as treatments for depression and anxiety?文本难度：六级刘立军供稿Is exercise as effective as treatments for depression and anxiety? Some big studies say yes. Many experts have reservations. 运动对抗抑郁、抗焦虑的疗效，能和正规治疗相媲美吗？一些大型研究给出了肯定的答案，但许多专家对此仍持保留意见。For those in the doldrums, few things are more tiresome than being told to exercise. But unwelcome advice is not necessarily wrong. Study after study has found that exercise boosts mood and reduces anxiety. Two large analyses published earlier this year go further, suggesting it works about as well as therapy or antidepressants. 对于那些正处于情绪低谷的人来说，几乎没有比听到别人劝自己“去运动”更让人心烦的了。但不中听的建议未必就是错的。一项又一项的研究发现，运动能够提振情绪，缓解焦虑。今年早些时候发表的两项大型分析进一步表明，运动的治疗效果与心理治疗、抗抑郁药物不相上下。The first, published in January by researchers based across Britain and Ireland, took the form of a Cochrane review — a well-regarded meta-analysis of health-care research. It pooled the results of 69 randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to measure the effects of exercise on depression. The second paper, published in February in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, was a so-called meta-meta-analysis. It drew on more than 1,000 trials involving nearly 80,000 participants. Both concluded that exercise reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety by roughly as much as conventional treatments. 第一项研究由英国和爱尔兰的研究人员完成，于今年1月发表，采用了备受推崇的科克伦（Cochrane）系统评价形式——这是医疗领域广受认可的一种荟萃分析。该研究汇总了69项随机对照试验（RCTs）的数据，这些试验专门用来评估运动对抑郁症的作用。第二篇论文于2月发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上，采用了所谓的“二次荟萃分析”。研究参考了1000余项试验，受试者近8万名。两项研究均得出结论：运动在缓解抑郁、焦虑症状方面的效果，与常规治疗方法大致相当。There are important caveats. Meta-analyses are only as good as the studies they include, and exercise trials are prone to being skewed. For one thing, participants cannot be blinded — they know if they are doing kettlebell swings or not — which makes their self-reported mood vulnerable to any favorable expectations they might have. For this and other reasons, the Cochrane review judged all the studies it included to be at “high risk” of bias. 但该结论存在重要的限定条件。荟萃分析的可靠性完全取决于所纳入的原始研究，而运动类试验往往容易出现结果偏倚。首先，参与者无法实施“盲法”——自己是否完成壶铃摇摆这类运动，参与者心知肚明。这就导致参与者主动上报的情绪，很容易受到内心积极预期的影响。出于上述及其他因素，这份科克伦系统评价判定，其纳入的所有研究均存在“高偏倚风险”。What’s more, the meta-meta-analysis did not include any studies that tested exercise against other interventions. The findings from the exercise trials were, instead, compared against those from separate trials of antidepressants or therapy. But unlike exercise studies, RCTs of antidepressants are typically well blinded and have strong placebo effects, making it harder for them to achieve similarly impressive results. “I don’t think it’s a fair comparison,” says Jonathan Roiser, a professor of neuroscience at University College London. 此外，这项“二次荟萃分析”并未纳入任何将运动与其他干预措施进行直接对比的研究。它是把运动试验的结果，与另外独立开展的抗抑郁药、心理治疗试验的数据做比对。但与运动研究不同，抗抑郁药物的随机对照试验通常盲法设计完善，且安慰剂效应显著，这使得药物想要取得同样令人瞩目的疗效数据难度更大。伦敦大学学院的神经科学教授乔纳森·罗伊泽（Jonathan Roiser）表示：“我认为这样对比并不客观。”All the same, most researchers are confident that exercise helps improve mood. Aerobic workouts, such as running, walking or cycling, seem to be particularly beneficial across the board. For depression, group-based or supervised exercise is more effective than sweating alone, and the benefits of exercise accrue over several months. For anxiety, the best results seem to come from lower-intensity activity. 尽管如此，绝大多数研究人员仍认可运动有助于改善情绪。跑步、散步或骑车等有氧运动，总体来看大有裨益。针对抑郁症，团体运动或在专业人员指导下开展的运动，效果优于独自锻炼，且运动带来的益处会数月里不断累积。而对于焦虑症，低强度运动似乎能带来最佳效果。Why exercise works is less clear. The popular idea that exercise generates a “high” by causing the release of endorphins, a form of opioid, has little scientific support. A study published in 2021 found that blocking runners’ opioid receptors reduced neither the euphoria they reported after a session nor the drop in anxiety. Researchers instead think that endocannabinoids — chemicals produced by the body and brain that activate the same receptors as the active molecules in cannabis — might be responsible for these short-term boosts. 至于运动为何有效，具体机制尚不明确。有一种广为流传的说法：运动会促使内啡肽（一种阿片样物质）的释放，从而让人产生愉悦感，但这一说法缺乏足够的科学依据。2021年的一项研究发现，阻断跑步者体内的阿片类受体，既不会降低他们运动后的欣快感，也不会减弱焦虑的缓解程度。研究人员转而认为，内源性大麻素可能是带来这种短期情绪提升的原因；这类物质由人体和大脑合成，能激活与大麻有效成分相同的受体。Other pathways are also being triggered. Exercise seems to reduce inflammation and improve brain plasticity, as well as increasing the transmission of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is involved in the process of weighing effort against reward, and so increasing transmission may help reverse the loss of motivation associated with depression. 运动还会激活其他生理机制：它能够减轻炎症，提升大脑可塑性，并增加大脑内多巴胺的传递。多巴胺参与了“权衡付出与回报”这一心理过程，因此，增加多巴胺的传递有助于改善抑郁症患者典型的动力缺失问题。There are purely psychological benefits, too: exercise can provide people with a sense of achievement, agency and eventually mastery, all of which are known to lift mood. Plenty of reasons, then, to work up a sweat. 此外，运动还能带来纯粹的心理益处：它能给人带来成就感、自主感，最终获得一种掌控感，而这些都能够提振情绪。如此看来，我们完全有理由动起来，好好出一身汗。 【词汇】 1. in the doldrums 情绪低落2. meta-analysis n. 荟萃分析（一种循证医学研究方法，把多个独立的同类研究的数据汇总、合并分析，得到一个综合性结论，研究说服力高于单一试验）3. caveat n. 警告；提醒4. skew v. 使……有偏差；影响……的准确性5. placebo n. 安慰剂6. neuroscience n. 神经科学7. aerobic adj. 有氧的8. accrue v. 积累；增加9. endorphin n. 内啡肽10. opioid n. 阿片样物质（既可来源于外界毒品，也包含人体自身合成的内啡肽，能够起到镇痛、产生欣快感的作用）11. receptor n. 受体；感受器12. euphoria n. 欣快感；极度愉快13. cannabis n. 大麻14. inflammation n. 炎症15. dopamine n. 多巴胺（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

猫薄荷为何让猫“疯狂”？

猫薄荷为何让猫“疯狂”？Why Does Catnip Make Cats Go Crazy?文本难度：考研刘立军供稿Of the many bewildering behaviors cats display, one of the strangest is their obsession with a specific species of plant. After just one whiff, even the most stoic cat can start pawing, drooling, biting, and wriggling in a state of pure feline euphoria. So, why do cats go crazy for catnip? This is the question cat behavior expert Masao Miyazaki and chemist Toshio Nishikawa set out to answer in 2013. Along with their research teams from Iwate and Nagoya University, they began by studying silvervine – a plant that sparks a similar response to catnip.猫咪有着许多令人费解的行为，其中最奇特的莫过于对某一特定植物的痴迷。即便是最冷静自持的猫，哪怕只是闻上一口，也会瞬间陷入抓挠、流口水、啃咬、翻滚的状态，沉浸在纯粹的猫咪欢愉中。那么，猫咪究竟为什么会为猫薄荷神魂颠倒？2013年，猫咪行为学家宫崎正夫与化学家西川俊夫便带着这一问题展开了研究。他们与来自岩手大学与名古屋大学的研究团队携手，先从木天蓼这种植物入手——这是一种同样能在猫身上引发和猫薄荷相似反应的植物。First, the researchers painstakingly extracted chemical compounds from the plant and dribbled various combinations of them onto filter paper. Then they brought in some cats and studied which compounds they were drawn to. Overwhelmingly, their feline testers pounced on the papers containing nepetalactol. And when Miyazaki and his student Reiko Uenoyama ran blood tests on the cats who’d interacted with nepetalactol, they found their systems were flooded with endorphins. These hormones block pain signals, relieve stress, and generally create a happy, calming effect. And catnip triggers the same endorphin rush with a similar chemical called nepetalactone, and it’s this flood of happy hormones that gives catnip and silvervine their signature drug-like response.研究人员先是费尽心力，从木天蓼中提取各类化合物，再把不同配比的提取物滴在滤纸上。随后，他们找来猫咪，观察哪些化学成分会吸引它们。结果显而易见，绝大多数受试猫咪都径直扑向含有荆芥内酯醇（nepetalactol）的滤纸。宫崎正夫和他的学生上野山怜子对接触过荆芥内酯醇的猫咪进行血液检测，发现它们体内会大量分泌内啡肽。这类激素能够阻断痛觉信号、缓解压力，带来愉悦、镇定的感受。而猫薄荷则是借助一种结构相近的物质——荆芥内酯，同样能刺激猫体内大量释放内啡肽。正是这种快乐激素的迸发，让猫薄荷和木天蓼产生了标志性的、类似药物带来的反应。These compounds don’t just trigger this effect in small cats. When the researchers brought nepetalactol-treated filter paper to a few zoos, leopards, lynxes, and jaguars all dove face-first into the compound. This was big news. If these different cat species reacted to nepetalactol the same way, the response was likely a shared evolutionary trait, potentially something important to cat survival that stretched back millions of years. When the silvervine researchers presented their work at a conference, one evolutionary biologist raised a compelling theory. In chemical terms, both nepetalactol and nepetalactone are classified as iridoids – a type of natural compound known to contain insect-repelling properties. So perhaps cats rubbing their faces in silvervine and catnip were applying an ancient form of bug spray.这类化合物并非只对小型猫科动物生效。当研究人员把滴有荆芥内酯醇的滤纸带到几家动物园时，豹子、猞猁和美洲豹全都一头埋上去嗅闻。这是一项重大发现。既然这么多不同种类的猫科动物都对荆芥内酯醇产生相同反应，说明该行为极有可能是共有的进化特征，或许关乎猫科动物生存的重要本能，其根源可追溯至数百万年前。当木天蓼研究团队在学术会议上展示成果时，一位进化生物学家提出了一个极具说服力的假说：从化学分类来看，荆芥内酯醇与荆芥内酯都属于环烯醚萜类化合物，这类天然物质具备驱虫特性。所以，猫咪把脸在木天蓼和猫薄荷上蹭来蹭去的行为，或许正是在涂抹一种古老的驱虫剂。To test this, researchers set up cages of mosquitoes that cats could stick their heads into. And sure enough, the cats that had been treated with nepetalactol got fewer mosquito bites than the cats in the control group. The same effect was true for the scientists who’d volunteered their arms in solidarity with their feline subjects. These mosquito-repelling properties are currently our best explanation for why cats love silvervine and catnip. But researchers still had one more question: in their state of euphoria, cats tend to vigorously bite, lick, and rub against these plants. But do cats really need to go this crazy to get their bug-repelling effects?为验证这一猜想，研究人员搭建了放有蚊子的笼子，猫咪可以把头伸进笼内。结果证实，体表接触过荆芥内酯醇的猫咪，被蚊子叮咬的次数少于对照组。就连主动挽起袖子、甘愿和猫咪一同参与实验的科研人员，手臂上的叮咬次数也同样大幅减少。目前，这种驱蚊特性是我们解释猫咪喜爱木天蓼与猫薄荷最合理的假说。但研究者还有一个疑问：当猫咪在亢奋状态下，往往会使劲啃咬、舔舐并用力蹭擦这类植物。可它们真的需要表现得如此“上头”，才能真正发挥驱虫功效吗？To investigate rubbing, they provided cats with filter papers treated with microscopic amounts of nepetalactol. And sure enough, even these tiny doses made the papers irresistible, suggesting that microscopic amounts of bug repellent can be transferred by rubbing alone. As for biting and licking, the researchers found that when cats damage the plant, the leaves actually produce more mosquito-repellent chemicals. So your cat isn’t just ripping open their bags of catnip to be annoying; their evolutionary instincts are just trying to get even more of that bug protection.为研究摩擦行为，研究人员向猫咪提供了只沾有微量荆芥内酯醇的滤纸。不出所料，即便剂量微乎其微，这些滤纸依旧对猫咪有着极强吸引力。这说明，仅靠蹭一蹭，就能沾上微量的驱虫物质。至于啃咬和舔舐，研究人员发现，当猫咪啃破植物组织时，叶片反而会生成更多驱蚊化学成分。所以，你的猫咪扒开猫薄荷袋子并不是故意捣乱，而是在进化本能驱使下，想要获取更多驱虫保护。Cats are far from the only animal to use natural plants for purposes like this. Apes swallow scratchy and hairy leaves to dislodge parasites from their guts. Sheep munch on tannin-rich plants to kill intestinal worms, and monarch butterflies use toxic milkweed to kill parasites that normally impair their flight. Just like cats’ ability to find mosquito repellent, these behaviors can help humans identify useful plants and ingredients in the natural world. So, the next time you see your feline friend on a catnip binge, don’t worry – it’s only medicinal.并非只有猫咪会利用天然植物达成这类目的。猿类会直接吞下粗糙多毛的叶片，借此刮擦并排出肠道寄生虫；绵羊会食用富含单宁的植物来杀灭肠道蠕虫；帝王蝶则会采食有毒的马利筋，清除会削弱自身飞行能力的体内寄生虫。和猫咪寻找天然驱蚊植物的本能一样，这类动物行为，也能帮助人类发掘自然界里有价值的植物与成分。所以，下次看到你的猫主子沉迷猫薄荷，不必担心——这只是它在“用药”而已。【词汇】1.stoic adj. 坚忍的；沉着的2.whiff n. 一闻；一股气味3.drool v. 流口水4.wriggle v. 扭动；蠕动5.feline adj. 猫科的；猫的6.euphoria n. 欣快；极度愉悦7.catnip n. 猫薄荷8.painstaking adj. 煞费苦心的；极其仔细的9.dribble v. 使滴下；滴落10.pounce v. 猛扑；突然袭击11.endorphin n. 内啡肽12.lynx n. 猞猁13.jaguar n. 美洲豹14.dislodge v. 驱逐；移开15.munch v. 大声咀嚼16.intestinal adj. 肠的17.milkweed n. 马利筋（一种植物）18.binge n. 狂欢；放纵行为 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 每天步行多少步能防止发胖？

每天步行多少步能防止发胖？How many daily steps can help keep weight off?常速 | 五级（偏难） | 443词 | 2min59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What daily step goal does the study suggest may help people maintain weight loss?A. Around 6,000 steps each day.B. Around 7,000 steps each day.C. Around 8,500 steps each day.D. Around 10,000 steps each day.Q2. What kind of data did the researchers analyze in the study?A. Medical records from several health institutions.B. Data collected from eighteen earlier studies.C. Survey responses from daily fitness users.D. Interviews with doctors at obesity clinics.Q3. According to the study, what did researchers discover about walking during weight loss programs?A. It immediately improved participants’ overall health.B. It replaced the need for diet changes.C. It helped people lose weight much faster.D. It showed limited effect on additional weight loss.Q4. What can be inferred about the role of physical activity in weight management?A. It works best when combined with medical treatment.B. It is more helpful for keeping weight off long term.C. It is mainly useful for people with severe obesity.D. It is more effective than diet control at first.Q5. What does Dr. Tara Narula mainly suggest about the study findings?A. They should be considered a useful but preliminary result.B. They should guide people to exercise exactly 8,500 steps.C. They should replace traditional weight loss advice.D. They should be applied to every adult immediately.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow many daily steps can help keep weight off?(Q1) A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.(Q2) The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.(Q3) Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs. However, people who continued taking more steps each day were more likely to keep the weight off over time.Over an average follow-up period of about 1.5 years, researchers found participants maintained roughly 1% of weight loss for every additional 1,000 steps they walked daily, with the average participant starting at about 7,400 steps per day at baseline.The study noted that an average of 8,500 daily steps appeared to help participants maintain weight loss the longest, though researchers stressed that it is not a strict target or prescription for everyone.prescription n. 处方；建议；规定The increased activity happened as part of structured lifestyle programs that also included diet changes and behavioral counseling.“This was a lifestyle modification program, and it really is a multifactorial approach when it comes to weight loss. So these individuals got diet and behavioral counseling in addition to really moving more. And so you really need all of that,” ABC News medical contributor Dr. Tara Narula said on “Good Morning America” Monday.multifactorial adj. 多因素的；由多种因素造成的(Q5) Narula noted that researchers described the findings as “hypothesis-generating” and said more research is needed.“The researchers say, look, this is really hypothesis-generating; it should push us to do more research,” she explained. “It is not a prescription that everyone should go out and now do 8,500 steps. But it is helpful information.”(Q4) Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.The study also had several limitations. The analysis only included adults who were overweight or obese and relied on pooled population data, meaning the findings show correlation rather than direct cause and effect.correlation n. 相互关系；关联“Certainly if you’re planning to do a weight loss program, talk to your doctor about what is right for you in terms of your movement and goals overall,” Narula said. “And healthy habits build on each other. The more you lose weight, the more you want to exercise, and you feel better. But it really is helpful to know that just that little bit of increase might be all you need.”Part III. KEYQ1.C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.” 意为：“一项新的研究表明，增加每日步数或许有助于长期保持减重效果，建议将每日步数目标设置为每天8500步左右。”该句直接给出了研究所建议的步数目标，因此正确答案为C。Q2.B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.” 意为：“这项研究发表在《国际环境研究与公共健康期刊》上，并于上周在欧洲肥胖大会上做了报告。研究分析了此前18项探讨减重和身体活动关系的相关数据。”该句明确说明研究的数据来源，因此正确答案为B。Q3.D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs.” 意为：“研究人员发现，在减重计划进行阶段，多走路与进一步减轻体重之间并没有很强的联系。”由此可知，在减重过程中增加步数并不会显著带来额外的减重效果，因此正确答案为D。Q4.B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.” 意为：“研究人员得出结论，在减重阶段限制热量摄入的作用可能更为显著，而更高强度的运动则与长期维持减重成果关系更为密切。”由此可以推断，运动对于维持长期减重更为有效，因此正确答案为B。Q5.A.【解析】观点题。题目出处为：“Narula noted that researchers described the findings as ‘hypothesis generating’ and said more research is needed.” 意为：“纳鲁拉指出，研究人员将这些发现定性为‘生成假说’性质，并强调仍需要进一步研究。” 该句表明研究结果具有一定参考价值，但仍属于初步发现，需要进一步研究验证，因此正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 我们为何需要8小时睡眠？

我们为何需要8小时睡眠？Why do we need eight hours of sleep?常速 | 四级（偏易） | 809词 | 3min37s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does Dr. Sanjay Gupta say about the commonly recommended eight hours of sleep?A. It is the minimum amount required for all adults.B. It is mainly suitable for teenagers and children.C. It represents an average rather than a fixed standard.D. It has recently been proven to be scientifically inaccurate.Q2. Which stage of sleep occupies the largest proportion of an adult’s sleep cycle?A. Stage one sleep.B. Stage two sleep.C. Stage three sleep.D. REM sleep.Q3. Why does Dr. Gupta consider sleep especially important for students?A. It improves physical strength and athletic performance.B. It reduces the amount of study time students need.C. It helps transfer daily experiences into long-term memory.D. It allows the brain to remain active throughout the night.Q4. What can be inferred about irregular sleeping habits?A. They mainly affect people who travel frequently.B. They may interfere with the body’s natural rhythm.C. They can quickly increase the total amount of sleep.D. They are less harmful than excessive screen use.Q5. What is the main purpose of the conversation?A. To compare the sleeping habits of adults and children.B. To warn people about the long-term dangers of technology addiction.C. To discuss the relationship between exercise and brain development.D. To explain the functions of sleep and ways to improve sleep quality.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we need eight hours of sleep?I got 5 hours of sleep last night. Last night, this is not normal. I got about 6 and 1/2 hours of sleep. Last night, I slept four hours. I got 5 hours 45 minutes of sleep. Last night, I got about 5 hours of sleep. Usually, I try to shoot for 7 to 8. It seems like most people are not getting 8 hours of sleep. We got a wide range of answers today. I am on a mission to find out if that’s really what we need to do. And I’m bringing in a special guest, Dr. Sanjay Gupta.How are you? You missed this discussion. Oh man, you are the man I need to speak to. So why eight hours? Is this the optimal amount?optimal adj. 最佳的，最适宜的(Q1) So you know, like most things in life, it’s an average. The average is a range between 6 and 10 hours for most adults. The thing is, for kids, it’s actually even more than that—9 to 12 hours for elementary school kids and teenagers, back to sort of 8 to 10 hours.(Q5-1) Take us inside of our brains. What happens while we sleep?Sleep is actually a really fascinating time for the brain. It’s kind of interesting because people think it’s just at rest. It’s actually really active. And there are several stages of sleep. (Q2) Stage one, you spend about 5% of your time in stage one. That’s the lightest sleep, just sort of drifting off to sleep. Then stage two, a little bit deeper. About 45% of your sleep is stage two. Then there’s stage three, which is the most restful, about 25%. And then there’s this really interesting stage. It’s called REM—rapid eye movements. Literally, your eyes are moving behind your eyelids, and that’s when you’re dreamy. Yeah. And you cycle over and over again through these stages of sleep. About 90 minutes or so for all the stages.The other thing your brain is doing is clearing out waste from all the work that it’s done during the day. (Q3) And I think most importantly for students, that’s the time you take memories and experiences from your day and you put them in the long-term memory stores so you can remember these months, years down the road.So how do I know if I’ve gotten enough sleep for me, for my body?So, most people generally know because you are probably a little bit grumpier than you normally are. You’re always cheery though, aren’t you? I’ve never seen you grumpy. You know, you feel tired. I think one of the biggest tests—someone told me this years ago—is if you put yourself in a darkened room in a comfortable chair and right away you fall asleep within a couple of minutes; that’s a pretty sure sign that you’re sleep-deprived.grumpy adj. 脾气坏的，易怒的(Q5-2) So, give your boy some tips and all of us on getting great sleep.So, you’re an athlete, probably working out too close to when you go to bed; it’s probably going to keep you up. You’re sort of stimulating the body. Caffeine stimulates the body. So, in the morning, good idea. But later on in the afternoon, that’s probably going to keep you up. Screens, the blue light alone is something that’s going to keep you up. It just kind of wakes your brain up. Kind of wakes your brain up. Yeah. It’s like, hey, time to wake up. Time to actually do something.caffeine n. 咖啡因I think the biggest thing is the idea of sleeping around the same time and waking up at the same time every day. It’s like you’re confusing your brain. (Q4) If you go to bed 2 hours early or 2 hours later, your brain’s like, “Wait a second. Is it time to sleep or is it not time to sleep? I’m not sure.” If you get into a consistent pattern of whatever time, so let’s say 11 to 7, uh, every day, you’re likely to get good sleep. Your brain’s not confused, and you can stick with that pattern.Is that connected to that circadian rhythm we always have?circadian adj. 生理节律的And your circadian rhythm can get sort of messed up very quickly. You see that when you travel to LA or, you know, any kind of jet lag? You can essentially put yourself into jet lag right at home by confusing your brain like that all the time if you do nothing else. Well, get rid of the screens for sure, but after that, go to bed at the same time, wake up at the same time.You know my tip for great sleep? Hang out with people who just put you at ease. And for me, you’re one of those people. You’re the best sleep. You’re the best.I’m not sure. It’s good that I put you to sleep.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“So you know, like most things in life, it’s an average. The average is a range between 6 and 10 hours for most adults.” 意为：“就像生活中的很多事情一样，八小时只是一个平均值。对于大多数成年人来说，平均睡眠时间范围是6到10小时。”该句表明“八小时睡眠”并非绝对标准，而是一个平均参考值，因此正确答案为C。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Then stage two, a little bit deeper. About 45% of your sleep is stage two.” 意为：“第二阶段睡眠更深一些，大约占全部睡眠时间的45%。”结合前文“Stage one, you spend about 5% of your time in stage one”以及后文“Then there’s stage three, which is the most restful, about 25%”可知，第二阶段占比最高，因此正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“And I think most importantly for students, that’s the time you take memories and experiences from your day, and you put them in the long-term memory stores so you can remember these months, years down the road.” 意为：“我认为，对学生来说最重要的是，睡眠期间你的大脑会把白天的记忆和经历储存到长期记忆中，以便未来数月甚至数年后仍能记住。”该句直接说明了睡眠对学生的重要意义，因此正确答案为C。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“If you go to bed 2 hours early or 2 hours later and your brain’s like, ‘Wait a second. Is it time to sleep or is it not time to sleep? I’m not sure.’” 意为：“如果你提前两小时或推迟两小时睡觉，你的大脑就会想：‘等等，现在是该睡觉的时候，还是不该睡？我也不确定’。”由此可以推断，不规律的睡眠习惯会扰乱人体自然生物节律，因此正确答案为B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Take us inside of our brains. What happens while we sleep?”以及“… give your boy some tips and all of us on getting great sleep.” 主持人请Gupta博士解释睡眠期间大脑的活动并提供改善睡眠的建议，随后他们对睡眠阶段、大脑功能、记忆形成以及健康睡眠习惯进行了详细讨论，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 疫苗：科学与恐慌之争

Vaccines: Science vs. Scare疫苗：科学与恐慌之争常速 | 五级（难）| 784词 | 5min22s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the only disease that humanity has eradicated? A. Polio. B. Smallpox. C. Measles. D. Malaria. Q2. What does Dr. Kate O’Brien suggest about the concept of “natural immunity”? A. It is more effective than vaccination. B. It is a safer way to develop immunity. C. It involves the immune system responding to germs. D. It is recommended for children by most scientists. Q3. What can be inferred about the immune system from the discussion? A. It is constantly exposed to microbes. B. It is overwhelmed by multiple vaccines. C. It cannot mature without vaccination. D. It is weaker in children than in adults. Q4. What is the main purpose of timing the vaccination schedule? A. To ensure vaccines are given at the lowest cost. B. To align with WHO global recommendations. C. To provide protection when children are most at risk. D. To avoid interference between different vaccines. Q5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce the global smallpox eradication campaign and its achievements.B. To answer parents’ common worries and misunderstandings about vaccination.C. To explain the complete standards of WHO’s official vaccine schedule.D. To compare natural immunity and vaccine immunity in detail.Part II. TRANSCRIPTVaccines: Science vs. ScareVGS: We’re standing here in front of the statue commemorating the smallpox eradication campaign. (Q1) Smallpox being the only disease that the world, humanity, has eradicated. This WHO-led campaign was the first mass vaccination campaign that brought together countries, experts and communities. Today, we have 30 vaccines that can prevent many many diseases. And 154 million lives have been saved, in the last 50 years, by just 14 of those vaccines. So if you’re a new parent, you may have questions about vaccines. We have Doctor Kate O'Brien here with us to answer your questions. Kate, let’s start with — parents may have heard what if we let our child get sick and develop immunity rather than vaccinate them? What is your advice regarding that?smallpox n. 天花 vaccinate v. 接种疫苗 KOB: The first thing I want to say is that the vaccines that have been developed that are in our program, are vaccines against serious diseases. Sometimes we hear the term natural immunity. And I really want to address this question. (Q2) Some people think that getting infected is somehow more natural than it is to develop your immunity from a vaccination. And I really want to disavow this. It’s the immune system in either circumstance is responding to either a germ or the vaccine itself. What’s most important is that exposing children to infections and risking the consequences of serious disease, and in the worst circumstances, death, is not what any parent would want to do.disavow v. 否认，拒绝承认 VGS: Another question that young parents may have is if you give a child many vaccines at the same time, you might overwhelm their immune system. What would you say to that?KOB: (Q3) Children are exposed to, in fact, millions of different microbes in the natural environment around us, in their foods, in the environment, by touching things, in their own bodies. We all have, in fact, more microbes in our body than we do human cells. This is an important way that children’s immune systems develop. The issue is, how to allow children to develop immunity against those germs that are consequential, that are serious, that cause disease. So the point around the vaccines is, children’s immune systems are more than able to respond to multiple vaccines, given at the same time, and multiple doses that are given over the course of their lifetime. Although we perceive that they’re being given “a lot of vaccines” in fact, on a daily basis, children are being exposed and sampling that outside world of those microbes all the time. The immune system is an incredibly powerful system. It’s amazing the way that it matures and identifies which is friend and which is foe in the environment. And vaccines are the safest way to actually derive protection for children, adolescents and adults against the consequential germs.consequential adj. 重要的，意义重大的 VGS: Can parents maybe stagger the schedule? Give a little space? Would that still have the same impact that you are seeking in protecting the child?KOB: Yeah. So this seems like a common sense, logical thing to do. We have studies that tell us in what sequence the vaccines should be given, how many doses should be given and how far apart they should be. Now, when you mess around with that schedule, there are consequences of doing that. First, it means that children may miss the doses that they should get. Second, it means that they may not get the vaccines at the time when they most need them. (Q4) We time the schedule so that the protection is developed before the period of time when children are most at risk of the particular disease that the vaccine is protecting against. And third, there are some vaccines that need to be timed relative to other vaccines that are in the schedule. They don’t work as well if they’re timed incorrectly. So that’s the reason why we have pediatricians, scientists, epidemiologists who make the recommendations within each country for what the schedule should be.VGS: So WHO makes a recommendation, right? But who is deciding on what vaccinations a citizen receives?KOB: Countries are the ones who decide on their schedule. What WHO does is, because we’re a global recommending body, we pull together experts from around the world. We ask them to look at all of the evidence that is available and we provide recommendations to countries. They can rely on the aggregated evidence that we’ve put together, so they can also deliberate on what makes most sense for their particular circumstance.VGS: Thank you Kate. I have additional questions. I’m sure our viewers have additional questions. So we will take this in part two where we will answer some of your questions on vaccines. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Smallpox being the only disease that the world, humanity, has eradicated.”， 此句明确指出天花是人类唯一消灭的疾病，因此正确答案为B。 Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Some people think that getting infected is somehow more natural than it is to develop your immunity from a vaccination… It’s the immune system in either circumstance is responding to either a germ or the vaccine itself.”，该句说明无论是自然感染还是接种疫苗，免疫系统都会对外来病菌产生反应，因此正确答案为C。 Q3. A.【解析】推理题。根据“Children are exposed to, in fact, millions of different microbes in the natural environment around us, in their foods, in the environment, by touching things, in their own bodies.”，此处说明孩子在日常环境、食物、身体中时刻接触数百万微生物，免疫系统长期接触各类细菌，因此可以推断正确答案为A。 Q4. C.【解析】细节题。根据“We time the schedule so that the protection is developed before the period of time when children are most at risk of the particular disease that the vaccine is protecting against”，该句明确指出安排疫苗接种时间是为了在儿童高危阶段前建立防护，因此正确答案为C。 Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。文章主要围绕疫苗对儿童的重要性以及父母对疫苗的常见顾虑展开，专家逐一破除误区、解答疑惑，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

新农科英语系列：新农科学术英语 综合教程 上册 Unit 6 Video

全新版大学进阶英语系列：综合教程（第二版）第1册 Unit 6 TOP课件-Mac版