全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3（思政智慧版）

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

新闻听力 | 小睡也许并没有你想的那么好

小睡也许并没有你想的那么好Naps might not be as good for you as you think 常速 | 五级 中等 | 327词 | 1min53s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one benefit of taking a short nap mentioned in the text? A. It reduces the risk of insomnia. B. It improves memory and concentration. C. It eliminates the need for night sleep. D. It prevents cardiac problems. Q2. According to the text, what is the recommended length for a power nap? A. Less than half an hour. B. Between 30 and 60 minutes. C. At least one hour. D. Over two hours. Q3. What is one potential negative impact of napping after 2 or 3 in the afternoon? A. It increases productivity at work. B. It leads to higher levels of concentration. C. It disrupts the sleep cycle and causes bad habits. D. It improves cardiac health. Q4. What can be inferred about frequent daytime naps? A. They suggest a well-regulated sleep cycle. B. They may indicate underlying health issues or stress. C. They improve nighttime sleep quality. D. They are recommended for all age groups. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the importance of avoiding naps entirely. B. To discuss the link between naps and cardiac health. C. To analyze the role of circadian rhythms in sleep. D. To explain the benefits and drawbacks of napping. Part II. TRANSCRIPTNaps might not be as good for you as you think Surely, they're called power naps for a reason? Aren't naps the key to feeling alert, improving your memory and just generally having a great life? Well, they can be, but things aren't quite that simple.(Q1) It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. Our circadian rhythms are responsible for the notorious lull that many of us feel in the early afternoon. This is the best time for a nap. Some companies have installed sleep pods for their employees, hoping to benefit from increased productivity and cognitive performance. But it is also true that naps can cause problems.circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的 notorious adj. 声名狼藉的，众所周知的（常指不好的事情） lull n. 间歇，平静期 pod n. 小舱，隔间 cognitive adj. 认知的 Let's start by thinking about the length. (Q2) A true power nap should be less than half an hour. Any longer, and it becomes hard to rouse yourself from. Any benefits in terms of alertness are likely to disappear with the grogginess that results from a longer period of slumber.grogginess n. 昏昏沉沉，虚弱无力slumber n. 睡眠，微睡 This isn't the only issue. Naps have been linked to conditions such as diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiac problems. However, it's not clear whether these are direct results, or stem from the impact of napping on our sleep habits. (Q3) If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained.cardiac adj. 心脏的 ingrain v. 使根深蒂固 Of course, in the same way that naps can lead to bad sleep, it's also true that bad sleep can lead to wanting to take more naps. (Q4) So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressure stopping you from getting enough sleep?insomnia n. 失眠 Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：It is true that a short nap can help people be more alert, improve their memory and concentration, and reduce risks around tasks with heavy machinery. 意为：“的确，小睡片刻能帮助人们更加清醒，提升记忆力和专注力，还能降低操作重型机械等作业时的风险。” 因此正确答案为B。 Q2.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：A true power nap should be less than half an hour. 意为：“真正的有效小憩时间应控制在半小时以内。。” 文章明确指出，有效小睡的时间应该少于半小时，超过这个时间可能会导致昏昏沉沉，并抵消小睡的益处，因此正确答案为A。 Q3.【答案】C【解析】细节题。题目出处：If you take a nap after about two or three in the afternoon, it's likely to have a negative effect on your ability to get to sleep at night. Breaking your sleep cycle can lead to bad sleeping habits, which themselves become ingrained. 意为：“如果你在下午两三点之后小睡，很可能会对夜间入睡能力产生负面影响。打乱睡眠周期会导致不良的睡眠习惯，而这些习惯本身又会变得根深蒂固。”因此正确答案为C。 Q4.【答案】B【解析】推理题。题目出处：So, if you find yourself frequently needing to sleep during the day, experts suggest that you consider why that's the case. Are there any potential health issues that could be causing insomnia? Or are work pressures stopping you from getting enough sleep? 意为：“因此，如果你发现自己经常需要在白天睡觉，专家建议你思考原因。是否存在可能导致失眠的潜在健康问题？或者工作压力是否阻碍你获得足够的睡眠？从中可以推断，频繁白天小睡可能表明存在潜在健康问题或压力，因此正确答案为B。 Q5.【答案】D【解析】主旨题。文章主要讨论了小睡的好处和可能引发的问题，包括提高注意力和记忆力的益处，以及可能导致睡眠周期紊乱和健康问题。因此正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | 人工智能会让你变笨吗？

Will AI Make You Stupid? 人工智能会让你变笨吗？难度：CET-6 偏难刘立军供稿Artificial intelligence (AI) promises greater efficiency and convenience—but is it silently weakening our ability to think? 人工智能（AI）会带来更高的效率和便利——但它是否也在悄悄削弱我们的思考能力？Early Warning Signs from Research 研究中的早期预警信号A recent MIT study raises serious concerns. Students using ChatGPT during essay-writing sessions displayed significantly reduced brain activity in regions tied to creativity and attention, as measured by EEG scans. They also struggled to recall specific parts of the content they had just written. This suggests that while AI may speed up tasks, it may also impair memory and critical engagement. 麻省理工学院最近的一项研究引发了严重担忧。研究发现，在撰写文章的过程中使用 ChatGPT 的学生，通过脑电图扫描测量的其与创造力和注意力相关的脑区活动显著减少。他们还难以回忆起自己刚刚写过的内容的具体部分。这表明，尽管人工智能可能加快任务的完成速度，但也可能损害记忆力和深度思考能力。This isn’t an isolated finding. Microsoft Research surveyed 319 professionals regularly using generative AI for over 900 tasks. Only around 60% of those tasks required deep thinking—most were routine and described as “mindless.” The majority of respondents admitted they exerted significantly less mental effort when using AI tools like ChatGPT, Gemini, or Copilot. 这并非孤立现象。微软研究院对319名经常使用生成式人工智能完成900多项任务的专业人士进行了调查。结果显示，只有大约60%的任务需要深入思考——大多数任务都是例行公事，被描述为“不动脑筋”的工作。大多数受访者承认，使用 ChatGPT、Gemini 或 Copilot 等 AI 工具时，他们的脑力投入明显减少。Similarly, a study by Michael Gerlich at SBS Swiss Business School found that heavy AI users scored lower on critical-thinking assessments. Hundreds of educators reached out to him afterward, confirming they’ve seen the same trend in classrooms: students increasingly dependent on AI struggle with independent reasoning. 同样，SBS 瑞士商学院Michael Gerlich博士的研究也发现，频繁使用人工智能的人在批判性思维评估中的得分较低。研究发表后，数百名教育工作者联系了他，证实他们在课堂上也观察到了类似趋势：越来越依赖 AI 的学生在独立思考方面遇到了困难。Is AI the Cause—or Just a Symptom? 是 AI 导致的，还是只是表象？Researchers caution that these studies don’t yet prove a direct causal link. The MIT study had only 54 participants, and Gerlich’s findings may reflect a different issue: perhaps those who already lack strong critical thinking skills are more likely to rely on AI. Still, the consistent pattern across different studies makes this an issue worth urgent attention. 研究人员警告说，这些研究尚未证明人工智能使用与思维能力下降之间存在直接的因果关系。麻省理工的研究仅涉及54名参与者，而 Gerlich博士的发现可能反映了另一个问题：也许那些原本缺乏批判性思维能力的人更倾向于依赖 AI。尽管如此，不同研究中一致的结果表明，这个问题值得高度关注。The Bigger Risk: Outsourcing Thought 更大的风险：外包思考Throughout history, technological tools have helped reduce mental workload—writing, calculators, GPS. But as psychologist Evan Risko notes, generative AI introduces a new level of cognitive offloading. While it’s harmless to delegate arithmetic, offloading complex thinking—like writing, decision-making, or problem-solving—could weaken our cognitive endurance over time. 纵观历史，技术工具一直在帮助人们减轻脑力负担——从文字书写、计算器到 GPS。但正如心理学家 Evan Risko 所指出的，生成式 AI 引入了一种新的“认知外包”层次。虽然将算术任务交给机器无伤大雅，但将写作、决策或解决问题等涉及复杂思考的任务外包，可能会逐渐削弱我们的认知耐力。This could lead to a self-reinforcing loop of “cognitive miserliness,” where users consistently choose the path of least effort. As AI becomes the default, our brains grow accustomed to underperforming. One participant in Gerlich’s study admitted: “I rely so much on AI that I don’t think I’d know how to solve certain problems without it.” 这可能导致一种“认知懒惰”的循环，即用户总是选择最省力的方式，且这一循环会自我强化。当 AI 成为默认选项，我们的大脑也会逐渐习惯低效运作。Gerlich博士的研究中有一位参与者坦言：“我对 AI 如此依赖，甚至我觉得没有它我都不知道怎么解决一些问题。”The Economic and Creative Cost 经济与创造力的代价Businesses are betting heavily on AI for productivity gains. But there’s a catch. Barbara Larson of Northeastern University warns that a long-term decline in critical thinking could reduce competitiveness—and make workers more replaceable. 企业正大力押注 AI 来提升生产力。但这也存在隐患。东北大学的 Barbara Larson教授警告说，长期来看，批判性思维能力的下降可能会削弱企业的竞争力，让员工更容易被取代。Creativity is also at risk. In one study, participants were asked to come up with novel uses for objects like a car tyre or a pair of trousers. Those exposed to AI suggestions gave less original answers. For example, ChatGPT proposed using trousers as part of a scarecrow—essentially, trousers as trousers. A human, unaided, turned them into a quirky bird feeder. Clearly, relying on AI can narrow the scope of imagination. 创造力也面临威胁。在一项研究中，参与者被要求想象一个汽车轮胎或一条裤子有什么新的用途。接受过 AI 建议的人给出的答案缺乏原创性。例如，ChatGPT 提议将裤子用作稻草人的一部分——本质上还是作为裤子的用途。而一个没有借助 AI 的人则将其改造成了一种有趣的鸟食器。显然，过度依赖 AI 会限制想象力的广度。Smarter Ways to Use AI 更聪明地使用 AI 的方法The solution isn’t to abandon AI—but to use it more wisely. Dr. Larson advises treating AI as a helpful but naive assistant, not an expert. Dr. Gerlich recommends prompting AI step by step, rather than asking for a final answer. Instead of “Where should I go for a sunny holiday?” start with “Which destinations have the least rainfall?” This preserves the user’s role as the thinker. 解决方案不是放弃 AI，而是更聪明地使用它。Larson 博士建议将 AI 视为一个有用但不够成熟的助手，而不是专家。Gerlich博士则建议分步骤向 AI 提问，而不是直接要一个最终答案。例如，不要问“我该去哪里度假？”而是先问“哪些地方降雨最少？”，这样可以保留用户作为思考者的角色。Microsoft researchers are also exploring AI designs that encourage critical thinking. Some experimental chatbots interrupt users with challenging prompts or probing questions—transforming them from passive answer machines into interactive thought partners. A concept that Socrates, the father of inquiry-based learning, would likely applaud. 微软的研究人员也在探索鼓励批判性思维的 AI 设计。一些实验性聊天机器人会通过带有挑战性的提示词或探究性的提问来打断用户，将自身从被动的回答机器转变为互动型的思考伙伴。这种理念或许会受到苏格拉底——探究式学习之父——的赞赏。The Limits of Forcing Engagement 强制参与的局限性Yet even thoughtful interventions can backfire. A study found that AI “provocations” reduced performance in weaker programmers. And more forceful methods—like requiring users to generate their own response before accessing AI—are unlikely to be welcomed. As Microsoft’s Zana Buçinca explains, “People don’t like to be pushed to engage.” Indeed, a global survey by Oliver Wyman showed that 47% of respondents would use generative AI tools even if banned by their employer. 然而，即使是经过深思熟虑的干预也可能适得其反。一项研究发现，AI 的“挑战性提问”反而会降低编程能力较弱者的表现。而更强制性的方法——比如要求用户在访问 AI 前必须先自行生成答案——也不太可能受欢迎。正如来自微软的Zana Buçinca 所说：“人们不喜欢被强迫去思考。”事实上，奥纬咨询公司（Oliver Wyman）的一项全球调查显示，47%的受访者即使雇主禁止，也会继续使用生成式 AI 工具。A Tool, Not a Crutch AI：工具，而非拐杖AI is still young, and for now, the human brain remains the most versatile tool we have. But we must be careful not to trade long-term mental sharpness for short-term convenience. If strong evidence continues to show that AI dulls critical and creative thinking, we’ll face a choice: adjust how we use it—or risk becoming intellectually dependent on it. 人工智能仍处于早期阶段，目前，人类大脑仍然是我们最灵活的工具。但我们必须小心，不要为了短期便利而牺牲长期的思维敏锐性。如果越来越多的证据显示 AI 确实削弱了批判性与创造性思维，我们将面临一个选择：调整使用方式——或冒着在智力上对AI愈加依赖的风险。The question is not just can AI make us less intelligent—but will we notice before it does? 问题不仅仅是 AI 是否会让人类变笨——而在于我们是否在它将我们变笨之前就能察觉到？【词汇】 1. offload v. 卸载，转移 2. miserliness n. 吝啬 3. quirky adj. 匆匆做成的，速成的 4. backfire v. 事与愿违，产生反效果 5. crutch n. 拐杖，依赖物 （本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

新闻听力 | 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？

Outdoor shoes in the house: What are the dangers? 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？常速 | 六级 中等| 350词 | 2min8s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the research review, what is a major concern regarding shoe soles?A. They contain visible urban dust and mud.B. They may carry dangerous bacteria leading to illness.C. They are often made of harmful chemicals.D. They can cause allergies in children under five.Q2. What negative effects can be caused by exposure to pesticides and herbicides brought in by shoes?A. Headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.B. Respiratory issues and hay fever.C. Developing immune system problems in children.D. Muscle weakness and balance issues.Q3. What benefit of walking barefoot is mentioned in the text?A. It prevents allergies caused by pollen.B. It enhances respiratory health.C. It reduces exposure to harmful bacteria.D. It improves balance and muscle stability.Q4. What can be inferred about cultures with a shoe-free home policy?A. They prioritize aesthetics over hygiene.B. Their practices are supported by scientific evidence.C. They are less likely to suffer from respiratory issues.D. Their social norms are ambiguous and inconsistent.Q5. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To explain the health benefits of walking barefoot.B. To discuss the cultural differences in shoe removal practices.C. To highlight the dangers of wearing outdoor shoes indoors.D. To provide tips on maintaining household cleanliness.Part II. TRANSCRIPTOutdoor shoes in the house: What are the dangers? “Welcome! Shoes off please.” In many Asian countries, removing shoes when you enter someone’s home is expected – it shows respect and ensures cleanliness. In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. Some Brits might have a strict “shoes off” rule, while others may be squeamish about seeing others’ socks or bare feet. What do the scientists say?squeamish adj. 易感到不适的，易受惊的If you remove your shoes at the door for cleanliness, you’re probably thinking about the visible dirt – urban dust, mud and grass that has hitched a ride from the outside world on the sole of your shoe. But the real problems are microscopic. (Q1) A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. Children under five are particularly at risk because of their closeness to the floor and developing immune systems.sole n. 鞋底vector n. 传播媒介，载体pathogen n. 病原体 Germs aside, shoe soles can also bring in nasty chemicals like pesticides and herbicides, (Q2) exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. Allergens such as pollen can also enter your home via your shoes, which can be a big issue if you suffer with hay fever or have respiratory issues. Isn’t your home meant to be a safe haven?herbicide n. 除草剂allergen n. 过敏原pollen n. 花粉hay fever 花粉病But it’s not just about hygiene. (Q3) Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles, according to a medically reviewed article called ‘Does Walking Barefoot Have Health Benefits?’. “In theory, walking barefoot more closely restores our ‘natural’ walking pattern, also known as our gait,” explains foot and ankle specialist Jonathan Kaplan.gait n. 步态，步法(Q4) In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. And in places where the rules are less clear, maybe it’s time to think about leaving our outdoor shoes at the threshold. There’s an old African proverb that states “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.”Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. 意为：一项名为“鞋底作为病原体传播潜在载体”的研究发现，鞋底上存在大量危险细菌，这可能导致疾病。正确答案为B。Q2.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：Exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. 意为：根据Muhammad Sarwar发表在Cogent Medicine上的研究，接触这些化学物质可能导致头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐。正确答案为A。Q3.【答案】D【解析】细节题。题目出处：Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles. 意为：不穿鞋可以改善平衡、身体意识以及肌肉的力量和稳定性。正确答案为D。Q4.【答案】B【解析】推理题。题目出处：In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. 意为：在家中不穿鞋成为习惯的文化中，这些原因得到了科学的支持。由此可以推断，这些文化的规定是基于科学证据的，因此正确答案为B。Q5.【答案】C【解析】主旨题。整篇文章主要讨论了室内穿户外鞋的危害，包括细菌传播、化学物质暴露和过敏原问题。因此正确答案为C。（本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

新闻听力 | 冬季如何保持好心情

冬季如何保持好心情How to Keep from Feeling Down in the Winter 慢速| 四级 偏难 | 835词 | 8分16秒刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is seasonal affective disorder (SAD) commonly associated with?A. Increased sunlight exposure.B. High temperatures in summer.C. Changes in daylight hours.D. Lack of physical activity.Q2. How do specialized cells in the eyes affect mood according to the report?A. By producing more serotonin.B. By turning blue light into brain signals.C. By increasing blood circulation.D. By reducing stress hormones.Q3. What is one suggested treatment for SAD mentioned in the report?A. Using a light therapy device.B. Taking cold showers.C. Eating more carbohydrates.D. Sleeping during the day.Q4. Why might Miriam Cherry’s planting of early-blooming flowers be significant for her?A. It provides a hobby to pass the time.B. It attracts more sunlight to her home.C. It helps her reduce heating costs.D. It serves as a reminder that winter will end.Q5. What is the main idea of the Health & Lifestyle report?A. Seasonal affective disorder is incurable.B. There are various treatments available for managing seasonal affective disorder.C. Light therapy is the only effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder.D. Seasonal affective disorder only affects people in cold climates.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow to Keep from Feeling Down in the WinterFrom VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.(Q1) As fall and winter come to some parts of the world, daylight hours grow shorter. This lack of light can cause seasonal depression.“It is a feeling of panic, fear, anxiety and dread all in one,” said Germaine Pataki. The 63-year-old woman living in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, is among the millions of people estimated to have seasonal affective disorder, or SAD.dread n. 恐惧，畏惧 disorder n. 混乱，失调To deal with her condition, Pataki uses yoga, walking, and an antidepressant medication. She is also part of a Facebook group for people with SAD and helps others deal with the condition. Pataki said, “This gives me purpose.”yoga n. 瑜伽medication n. 药物，药物治疗People with SAD usually have depression that begins in the fall and eases in the spring or summer. Changing the clocks back to standard time, which happens in autumn in the United States, can also cause SAD to start.Medical experts say there is a milder form, called subsyndromal SAD. There is also summer seasonal depression but less is known about that.In 1984, a team led by Dr. Norman Rosenthal, then a researcher at the National Institutes of Health, first described SAD. He invented the term.What causes seasonal affective disorder?Scientists are still learning the causes of seasonal affective disorder. (Q2) They have found that specialized cells in our eyes turn the blue wavelength of the light into neural, or brain signals. These signals affect mood and wakefulness, or alertness.neural adj. 神经的Sunlight has a lot of blue light. So, when the cells sense this blue light, the alertness centers of our brains turn on. We feel more alert and possibly even happier.Kathryn Roecklein is a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh. She tested people with and without SAD to see how their eyes reacted to blue light. As a group, people with SAD were less sensitive to blue light than others, especially during winter months. That suggests a cause for wintertime depression.“In the winter, when the light levels drop, that, combined with a lower sensitivity, might be too low for healthy functioning, leading to depression,” Roecklein said.Miriam Cherry is 50 years old and lives in New York state. She spent the summer planning how she would deal with her winter depression. “It’s like clockwork,” Cherry said. “The sunlight is low. The day ends at 4:45, and suddenly my mood is horrible.”clockwork n. 钟表机械Light therapy can help(Q3) Many people with SAD respond to light therapy, said Dr. Paul Desan of Yale University’s Winter Depression Research Clinic. The therapy devices give off light about 20 times brighter than regular indoor light.“The first thing is to try light,” Desan said. “When we get patients on exposure to bright light for a half an hour or so every morning, the majority of patients get dramatically better. We don’t even need medications.”There is research that supports the idea that using a light that has a brightness of about 10,000 lux can be helpful. Lux is a measurement of brightness.The research suggests that a person use it for 30 minutes every morning. Desan said this can help not only people with SAD but also those with less-severe, low moods in winter.What else might work?Experts suggest other forms of treatment. Doctors often suggest antidepressant medications as a first-line treatment for SAD. They also suggest going to bed and waking up at about the same time each day. Also, exercise such as walking outside, even on cloudy days, can help.Kelly Rohan is a researcher at the University of Vermont. Rohan said another treatment is talk therapy. Also called cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, Rohan said it has been shown in studies to have more long-lasting effects. CBT involves working with a therapist to identify and change unhelpful thoughts.cognitive adj. 认知的“A very common thought that people have is ‘I hate winter,’” Rohan said. She suggests that people instead say, “I prefer summer to winter.”Working with a therapist can help people take small steps toward having fun again, Rohan said. Try planning undemanding but enjoyable activities to break out of a bad mood. Rohan said simply meeting a friend for coffee can help.People with SAD have half the year to create helpful methods. Some have found things that work for them — although they might not be the subject of scientific research.For example, in Folsom, California, Elizabeth Wescott says she believes a kind of water therapy helps her. The 69-year-old uses water therapy used in sports medicine. When she showers, she changes between hot and cold water. She also uses a light box and takes an antidepressant. “I’m always looking for new tools,” Wescott said.In New York, Miriam Cherry grows the earliest blooming flowers. They bloom as early as February.(Q4) “That’s going to be a sign to me that this isn’t going to last forever,” Cherry said. “It will get better, and spring is on the way.”And that’s the Health & Lifestyle report.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 【解析】细节题。根据：“As fall and winter come to some parts of the world, daylight hours grow shorter. This lack of light can cause seasonal depression.” 可知随着秋冬季节的到来，白天的时间变得越来越短，这种日光时间不足可能会引发季节性抑郁症。因此答案是C。Q2. B. 【解析】细节题。根据：“They have found that specialized cells in our eyes turn the blue wavelength of the light into neural, or brain signals. These signals affect mood and wakefulness, or alertness.” 可知眼中的特殊细胞将蓝光波长转化为神经或大脑信号，进而影响情绪和清醒度。因此答案是B。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据：“Many people with SAD respond to light therapy.” 文章中提及光疗对许多患有SAD的人有效，是建议的一个疗法。因此答案是A。Q4. D. 【解析】推理题。根据：“‘That’s going to be a sign to me that this isn't going to last forever,’ Cherry said. ‘It will get better, and spring is on the way.’” 可知Cherry将花作为一种信号，提醒自己这不会永远持续下去。情况会好转，冬天即将结束，春天即将来临。因此答案是D。Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。报告讨论了针对季节性情感障碍的各种治疗方法，包括光疗、药物治疗和认知行为疗法等。因此答案是B。（本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

新闻听力 | 脑震荡

脑震荡Concussion常速 | 四级 较易 | 854词 | 5min13s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What type of injury is concussion according to Dr. Tarun Dua?A. A minor skin injury.B. A type of traumatic brain injury.C. A psychological disorder.D. A temporary loss of consciousness.Q2. In which situations can concussion occur?A. Only during contact sports.B. Only when there is a direct blow to the head.C. When there is a bump, blow to the head or even to the body.D. When there is a loss of balance due to aging.Q3. What are some common symptoms of concussion?A. Headache, nausea, and loss of balance.B. Convulsions and immediate loss of consciousness.C. Sleep problems and weakness only.D. Pressure sensation and memory issues.Q4. What is one of the prevention measures for concussion mentioned by Dr. Tarun Dua?A. Assuming that concussions are not serious.B. Ignoring the home environment for potential hazards.C. Engaging in high-risk sports without protective gear.D. Wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle.Q5. What is the primary prevention strategy for concussion at home according to the conversation?A. Ensuring good lighting to avoid falls.B. Making the home environment fall-free.C. Installing safety rails in every room.D. Regularly checking for structural damage in the house.Q6. What should one do if they suspect they have a concussion?A. Wait for the symptoms to disappear.B. Ignore the incident if there is no visible injury.C. Rest for a few days and then resume normal activities.D. Seek medical help immediately.Q7. What is the main message of the conversation about concussion treatment?A. Concussions will go away on their own.B. Rest is crucial for recovery.C. Medical evaluation is not necessary.D. Long-term impacts can be ignored.Q8. What is the importance of avoiding repeat concussions?A. They can lead to long-term damage, including dementia.B. They cause immediate convulsions.C. They are more painful than the first concussion.D. They require more expensive treatments.Q9. Which group is particularly vulnerable to the long-term impacts of concussion?A. Senior citizens.B. People who work in construction.C. Children who play sports.D. Individuals who have a history of seizures.Part II. TRANSCRIPT ConcussionTranscriptVGS: It’s a wet and rainy day in Geneva but Science in 5 crew is very determined. It’s an all-women crew today. So come rain and shine, we’re going to shoot this. We’re going to talk about concussion today. If you have children who play sports or you play sports, you need to know about concussion. What is it? How will you know if you have concussion? And what can you do to prevent it? And here to talk about it today is Dr Tarun Dua. Welcome Tarun.concussion n. 脑震荡TD: Hi!VGS: Tarun, talk to us about what is concussion.TD: (Q1) So, concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury. (Q2) So, if you have a bump, blow to the head or even to the body. What happens is, the forces can lead to your brain moving and bouncing around, leading to damage to brain cells. And any activity can cause concussion. So, for example, you fall in this wet, rainy field or you are playing sports, like football, It also happens during road traffic accidents. For example, in Australia, one in five people who presented to the hospital with concussion, they had it while playing sports.traumatic adj. 外伤的VGS: So, we’ve just established that these are pretty perfect conditions for a concussion that we are filming in. But, actually, I fell down a little while ago and I was wondering if I had concussion. I didn’t know what the symptoms would be. Can you talk about that?TD: So, concussion is not something that you will see outside and the other thing is, it’s not that symptoms are going to happen immediately. They can actually also happen up to 72 hours after the injury. (Q3) So common symptoms are you will have headache or pressure sensation, nausea, feeling dizzy, loss of balance, memory, unable to focus, sleep problems. So these are very common problems. Then sometimes you have severe symptoms, like convulsions. You can have loss of consciousness or weakness or numbness and that means you need to, in any case, you need to go immediately to get any help. So, did you have any of those symptoms, Vismita?sensation n. 感觉nausea n. 恶心，反胃convulsion n. 痉挛numbness n. 麻木VGS: Well, no, I think I felt a little bit of brain fog or a little bit of confusion which is what worried me. But also, it’s about sometimes, when you take a fall you’ve also not really thought about the fact that with, as you age, you need to work on your balance better and stuff like that. So talk to us also about the prevention of concussion.TD: There are many things all of us can do. (Q4) So, for example, riding a bicycle, wear a helmet. (Q5) Home environment, make sure that your carpets and cables are not interrupting. And especially for older people, they’re very important, that we make our homes friendly and fall free as much as possible. Playing contact sports, ensure that you are wearing protective equipment, you are aware of your surroundings. So I’m looking around, the ball is not going to come and hit me. And do not take unnecessary risk. This is especially true for young people. So, these are many things that we can do to prevent concussion.helmet n. 头盔VGS: Talk about the treatment of concussion. Sometimes you hear that, ‘Oh, it’s okay, it will just go away.’ Is that true, for instance?TD: One of the things about concussion is not everyone is aware about it and so very often it goes undetected. People don’t know and they don’t go to seek medical help. (Q6) So it’s very important, that if you have had a fall, just ensure that you seek medical help. Go and show it to the doctor. That evaluation is extremely important and the second is that (Q7) you need to take rest, both physical and mental because it will help you recover quickly. (Q8) And the third thing that you need to do is avoid repeat injuries. Avoid repeat concussion because we know repeat concussions can lead to long-term damage, including dementia. dementia n. 痴呆，精神错乱VGS: That sounds very scary, especially because senior citizens will also experience, sometimes, increased falls and that can actually contribute to dementia, you said, right? Talk to us about some other long-term impacts of concussion.TD: You can have long-term memory problems, you can have long-term sleep problems. It can impact your education, learning. (Q9) I’m thinking about the young people and also, especially if you’re thinking about sports, because, you know, you’re getting it at a young age we are worried about the risk of neurocognitive issues such a dementia.VGS: We’re going to wrap up, but give our audience a few tips for how to avoid concussion.TD: Important is that wear protective equipment, you are riding a bicycle, you are playing a sport. When you are in your home, just ensure that you are keeping your carpets, your cables, so that you are not falling down on any of those surfaces and be aware of your surroundings.VGS: Thank you, Tarun. That was Science in 5, today, from a wet and rainy Geneva. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 【解析】细节题。根据“So, concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury.”，可知脑震荡是一种创伤性脑损伤。因此答案为B。Q2. C. 【解析】细节题。根据“So, if you have a bump, blow to the head or even to the body.”，可知如果你头部甚至身体受到撞击、击打就会引发脑震荡。因此答案为C。Q3. A. 【解析】细节题。根据“common symptoms are you will have headache or pressure sensation, nausea, feeling dizzy, loss of balance...”，可知常见的症状包括头痛或压迫感、恶心、头晕、平衡失调等。因此答案为A。Q4. D. 【解析】细节题。根据“So, for example, riding a bicycle, wear a helmet.”，可知骑自行车时要戴头盔是一种预防措施。因此答案为D。Q5. B. 【解析】细节题。根据“Home environment, make sure that your carpets and cables are not interrupting ... that we make our homes friendly and fall free as much as possible.”，可知在家庭环境方面，要确保地毯和电线不会造成阻碍，特别是对老年人来说，尤为重要，要尽可能使我们的家变得友好且无跌倒风险。因此答案为B。Q6. D. 【解析】细节题。根据“So it’s very important, that if you have had a fall, just ensure that you seek medical help.”，可知如果你摔倒了，一定要寻求医疗帮助。因此答案为D。Q7. B. 【解析】主旨题。整个对话都在讨论脑震荡的治疗和恢复，特别是在“you need to take rest, both physical and mental because it will help you recover quickly.”这句话中强调了休息对于恢复的重要性。因此答案为B。Q8. A. 【解析】细节题。根据“and the third thing that you need to do is avoid repeat injuries. Avoid repeat concussion because we know repeat concussions can lead to long-term damage, including dementia.”，可知第三件事是避免重复受伤。避免再次脑震荡，因为反复脑震荡可能导致长期损伤，包括痴呆症。因此答案为A。Q9.C. 【解析】细节题。根据“I’m thinking about the young people and also, especially if you’re thinking about sports, because, you know, you’re getting it at a young age we are worried about the risk of neurocognitive issues such a dementia.”，可知Dr. Tarun Dua想到年轻人，尤其是参与体育运动的年轻人，因为他们从很小的年纪就开始参与，他们担忧其可能会增加神经认知问题的风险，如痴呆。因此答案为C。（本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

新闻听力 | 用英语思考

VOA慢速：用英语思考Thinking in English慢速| 三级 偏难 | 541词 | 5min4s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main question Hoang asks the teacher?A. How to translate English sentences faster.B. How to think in English more quickly.C. How to memorize English vocabulary.D. How to write essays in English.Q2. According to the teacher, why is it difficult to explain how to think in a foreign language?A. Because it requires understanding complex grammar rules.B. Because it involves the relationship between thoughts and language.C. Because it needs extensive vocabulary memorization.D. Because it is only achievable by native speakers.Q3. What makes the response to simple greetings in a foreign language automatic?A. Memorizing the responses.B. Using translation devices.C. Frequent repetition and familiarity.D. Writing them down beforehand.Q4. What is the main idea of the teacher’s advice to Hoang?A. Thinking in English requires living in an English-speaking country.B. Thinking in English is primarily about vocabulary memorization.C. Thinking in English is only possible for advanced learners.D. Thinking in English involves practice and familiarity with language patterns.Q5. What can help make the first conversation feel like the second conversation according to the teacher?A. Planning and practicing in advance.B. Using simpler vocabulary.C. Avoiding difficult topics.D. Speaking more slowly.Part II. TRANSCRIPTThinking in EnglishHello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Hoang in Vietnam about how to think in English.QuestionDear Teacher,People say that to speak English fluently, you need to think in English. (Q1) So how can I think in English faster? When I talk with foreigners...with the first conversation, I talk very slowly and the remaining time I use for thinking. And with the second conversation (because I’ve been talking before), I feel natural and I speak more fluently.So how can I be fluent like the second conversation when I’m having the first conversation?fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的Thank you, HoangAnswerI’m happy to answer this question, Hoang.It can be difficult to fully explain how to think in a foreign language. (Q2) That is because the explanation asks us to consider the relationship between thoughts and the language we use to express them.However, we can still notice what happens when we think in a foreign language. And we can compare it to times when we have to pause and translate from our native language.pause v. 暂停native adj. 本国的Consider what happens when you exchange simple greetings, questions, and answers in a foreign language. If someone asks you in English, “How are you today?” you can probably answer without pausing or translating from your native language. For example, you can quickly reply, “I’m fine, thank you. And how are you?”exchange n. 交流This example shows us the basic things we need for thinking in a foreign language. In this situation, you know all the words you need to say. You don’t need to stop and think about the grammar. (Q3) And you have heard and said these phrases so many times that your response is automatic.phrase n. 短语response n. 反应automatic adj. 自动的The reason the second conversation you talk about feels more natural is because you have already heard and used some of the vocabulary and grammar you need. (Q4) So, for any subject you want to discuss, you will be able to think in English after you have learned and practiced what you need to say many times.Steps for thinking in EnglishHere are some suggestions for learning to think in English:Choose a subject you are interested in discussing. Then, imagine you are speaking with another person. How easily and quickly can your mind find the vocabulary and grammar you need? Note when you need to pause to find vocabulary or think about grammar. Next, learn the vocabulary and grammar and then practice using them several times. Repeat the words until they become automatic.(Q5) If you can plan ahead and practice in your mind what you will likely talk about, then your first conversation might feel easier and similar to a second conversation.You can find more advice for thinking in English in our Education Tips article, “Train Your Brain to Think in English.”Keep in mind that, to think in English, you need to read, listen to, and speak as much English as possible. This will help your mind use English more easily.For our readers and listeners, what are your questions about American English? We’d like to hear from you. Send us an email at learningenglish@voanews.com. And please include where you are from in your email, too.And that’s Ask a Teacher.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 【解析】细节题。根据：“So how can I think in English faster?” 可知他的问题是如何能更快地用英语思考。因此答案是B。Q2. B. 【解析】细节题。根据：“That is because the explanation asks us to consider the relationship between thoughts and the language we use to express them.” 可知这是因为解释这个问题要求我们考虑思想与用来表达它们的语言之间的关系。因此答案是B。Q3. C. 【解析】细节题。根据：“And you have heard and said these phrases so many times that your response is automatic.”可知对于简单问候，我们已经听过并说过这些短语很多次，以至于回应变得自动化，这说明频繁重复和熟悉度是关键。因此答案是C。Q4. D. 【解析】主旨题。根据整体回答的总结：“So, for any subject you want to discuss, you will be able to think in English after you have learned and practiced what you need to say many times.” 可知对于任何你想讨论的话题，在你学习并多次练习所需表达后，你将能够用英语思考，也就是说用英语思考需要练习和对语言模式的熟悉。因此答案是D。Q5. A. 【解析】推理题。根据：“If you can plan ahead and practice in your mind what you will likely talk about, then your first conversation might feel easier and similar to a second conversation.” 可知如果能提前计划并在脑海中练习可能会谈论的内容，那么第一次对话可能会像第二次一样轻松。因此答案是A。（本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

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