全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程3

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2（思政智慧版）

新闻听力 | 为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？

为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？Why our brains love lists常速 | 四级（偏难） | 314词| 2min12s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why does writing tasks down on a list help reduce anxiety?A. It reduces anxiety by preventing the need to rely on memory.B. It shortens the amount of time needed to complete tasks.C. It helps people avoid doing tasks they dislike.D. It encourages people to work in groups.Q2. Why are lists said to help the brain retain information better?A. Because they increase the number of tasks a person can complete.B. Because they present information in an organized form.C. Because they encourage people to think more creatively.D. Because they allow people to read information repeatedly.Q3. In the Wake Forest University experiment, what happened to the group who were not allowed to make plans?A. They struggled because the task remained in their memory.B. They performed better because they had less pressure.C. They completed the second task more efficiently.D. They forgot about the unfinished warm-up task quickly.Q4. What can be inferred about the Zeigarnik Effect from the passage?A. It makes people complete tasks faster than usual.B. It causes people to ignore tasks once they begin them.C. It increases stress because the brain prefers finished tasks.D. It keeps unfinished tasks in memory until they are resolved.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern technology has made to-do lists unnecessary.B. People should avoid writing down tasks and rely on memory instead.C. To-do lists are an effective way to manage tasks and reduce stress.D. Only people with high productivity benefit from writing lists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy our brains love listsProductivity can be a struggle for many of us. Overflowing email inboxes, housework, social obligations – it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. However, one simple tool that can help us stay on top of everything is the to-do list. Write it down, do the tasks, and cross them off – simple!There are three key reasons why lists are beneficial, according to psychologist and author David Cohen. (Q1) Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we don’t have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand. Secondly, lists provide structure and guidance, giving us a plan to follow. (Q2) As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner. And finally, lists serve as proof of what we have achieved, which can help boost our sense of accomplishment and motivation.beneficial adj. 有益的Another possible reason our brains love lists is because of something called the ‘Zeigarnik Effect’. This is the name psychologists use for when we remember things we need to do, our unfinished tasks, better than things we have already completed. Researchers from Wake Forest University tested the interference of the Zeigarnik effect on a group of people. The experiment began with a warm-up task, though it was stopped halfway through, and only some people were allowed to make plans to finish it. (Q3) The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. (Q4) The problem was the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks. So, once we tick something off our list, our brain forgets about it, and we can relax.(Q5) All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life!Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we do not have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand.” 意为：“首先，清单能够帮助屏蔽因任务无穷无尽而带来的混乱和焦虑。将所有事情写下来之后，我们就无需依赖记忆，而可以专注于手头的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner.” 意为：“此外，大脑更容易记住以结构化和有条理的方式呈现的信息。”因此答案为 B。Q3. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“研究人员发现，被允许制定计划的小组焦虑减少，并在第二个任务中表现更好；而另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q4. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“问题在于，另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”根据这句话可以推理，蔡加尼克效应使未完成的任务在我们的记忆中保持活跃状态，直到它们得到解决，因此答案为 D。Q5. C.【解析】本题为主旨题。题目出处为：“All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life.” 意为：“总而言之，清单似乎是帮助我们掌控生活的宝贵工具。”结合全文内容，清单能够减少焦虑，提供结构化的信息，提高记忆效果，减轻蔡加尼克效应带来的负担，因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 儿童学习第二语言比成人更有优势吗？

儿童学习第二语言比成人更有优势吗？Is It Better to Learn a Second Language as a Child or an Adult?文本难度：六级（CET-6）偏易刘立军供稿Parents often hear the warning: “If your child doesn’t learn a second language early, they’ll never be fluent.” Adults, meanwhile, are told: “It’s just too late for you to learn now.” These claims are familiar and tidy, but misleading. Are they actually true? Is it better to learn a second language as a child or as an adult? The short answer is that it depends on what we mean by “better.” 家长们常听到这样的警告：“如果孩子不早点学习第二语言，就永远无法流利掌握。”与此同时，成年人则被告知：“现在学已经太晚了。”这些说法听起来耳熟且条理清晰，但却具有误导性。它们真的正确吗？学习第二语言，究竟是儿童还是成人更有优势？简短的回答是：这取决于我们如何定义“更好”。The case for starting young尽早开始学习的理由Much of the belief that “younger is better” comes from research on sensitive periods in brain development. During childhood, the brain is especially adaptable to language input. Young children absorb sounds, rhythms, and grammatical patterns with little conscious effort, often without explicit instruction. They learn implicitly, through immersion, exposure, and everyday interaction. “越小越好”这一说法主要源于对大脑发育敏感期的研究。在儿童时期，大脑对接收语言输入具有极强的可塑性。幼童几乎无需有意识的努力，往往也无需明确的指导，就能掌握语音、韵律和语法结构。他们通过沉浸式环境、接触以及日常互动，在潜移默化中习得语言。This is why children who are exposed to a second language early are more likely to develop a near-native accent. Pronunciation appears to be especially time-sensitive. Once the brain becomes tuned to the sound system of a first language, usually by late childhood, it’s much harder to unlearn those patterns. As a result, adults often carry the phonological fingerprints of their first language for life. 这就是从小接触第二语言的儿童更有可能练就近乎母语者地道口音的原因。发音似乎对学得的时间尤为敏感。一旦大脑在童年晚期适应并固化了母语的语音系统，想要去除这些发音习惯就变得困难得多。因此，成年人往往终身带着母语留下的语音印记。Children also tend to be fearless communicators. They’re willing to babble, guess, and make mistakes without embarrassment. Adults, by contrast, are often more cautious. They know when they sound “wrong,” and this heightened self-monitoring, driven by a mature prefrontal cortex, can interfere with spontaneous, fluent speech. If the goal is to sound like a native speaker, early exposure does give learners a clear advantage. 儿童在交流时往往无所畏惧。他们愿意咿呀学语、大胆猜测，犯错时也毫不尴尬。相比之下，成年人通常更为谨慎。他们能察觉到自己何时说得“不对”，而这种由成熟的前额叶皮层驱动的过度自我监控，可能会干扰自然流畅的表达。如果目标是达到母语者的发音水平，那么早期接触确实能给学习者带来明显优势。The hidden strengths of adult language learners成人语言学习者的隐藏优势But sounding like a native isn’t the only measure of success. Adults bring considerable cognitive strengths to the task of language learning. They have more advanced reasoning skills, stronger memory strategies, and a well-developed first language to build on. That means they can often make faster progress in areas such as vocabulary, reading, and grammar. 但是，发音是否像母语者并非是衡量语言学习成功的唯一标准。成年人在语言学习任务中拥有显著的认知优势：他们具备更高水平的推理能力、更有效的记忆策略，同时可以将母语作为学习第二语言的坚实基础。这意味着他们在词汇、阅读和语法等方面往往能取得更快的进步。Adults also tend to grasp figurative language, including idioms, metaphors, and cultural references, more easily. Anyone who’s watched classic sitcoms like Mind Your Language has seen how literal interpretations can trip learners up. In one memorable scene, the school principal encounters a mature-age student in the hallway and asks, “Are you in Mr. Brown’s class?” The student earnestly replies, “No, I’m in the corridor.” 成年人也往往更容易掌握比喻性语言，包括习语、隐喻和文化典故。任何看过《请讲普通话》（Mind Your Language）等经典情景喜剧的人都知道，字面化的理解常常会让语言学习者闹出笑话。在一个令人难忘的场景中，校长在走廊里遇到一位成年学生并问道：“你在布朗先生的班上吗？”学生认真地回答：“不，我在走廊里。”These moments highlight something important: understanding a language isn’t just about words. It’s about social norms, humor, and cultural expectations, and adults are often better equipped to navigate that abstract terrain. 这些时刻凸显了一个重要事实：理解一门语言不仅仅关乎词汇，它还涉及社会规范、幽默感和文化期望，而成年人往往更擅长驾驭这片抽象的领域。Crucially, adults can benefit from explicit instruction. Studying grammar rules, comparing structures across languages, and consciously analyzing patterns are all strategies that play to adult cognitive strengths. Learning a second language can even sharpen awareness of one’s first, making speakers more attentive to how language works overall. 关键在于，成年人能从明明白白的语言教学中受益。学习语法规则、比较不同语言的结构以及有意识地分析语言模式，这些都是契合成年人认知优势的策略。学习第二语言甚至能增强人们对母语的敏锐度，使说话者更加关注语言整体的运作机制。One reason adults are often unfairly underestimated is that their accent is often treated as a proxy for intelligence or competence. It shouldn’t be. Accent is largely about timing, not ability. A strong first-language accent simply signals when someone learned a language, not how well they know it. Native speakers, meanwhile, tend to think of themselves as “accentless,” as if only others have accents. In reality, everyone does. Some accents just happen to match the local variety. 成年人常被不公正地低估二语学习能力，其中一个原因是他们的口音常被误当作智力或能力的代名词——但这并不合理。口音在很大程度上关乎语言学习的时机，而非能力。浓重的母语口音仅仅表明了一个人学习该语言的时间点，并不能反映其掌握程度。与此同时，母语者往往认为自己“没有口音”，仿佛只有别人才有口音。事实上，每个人都有口音，只是有些口音恰好与当地被广泛接受的口音一致罢了。The wild card: motivation可变因素：动机If there’s one factor that rivals age in importance, it’s motivation. People learn languages for many different reasons, from work and identity to love or survival, and sometimes all of the above. These reasons matter. However, studies show that learners who feel emotionally connected to a language and its culture often outperform those who study purely for practical reasons. Wanting to belong, to understand books, movies, or music in the original language, or to connect with family heritage can sustain the long and sometimes uncomfortable process of learning another language. 如果说有一个因素在重要性上可与年龄相匹敌，那就是动机。人们学习语言的原因多种多样，从工作和身份认同到爱情或生存需求，有时甚至兼而有之。这些原因至关重要。然而，研究表明，那些在情感上与某种语言及其文化产生共鸣的学习者，其表现往往优于纯粹出于实用目的而学习的人。渴望归属感，希望用原文理解书籍、电影或音乐，或是想要与家族文化传统建立联系，这些动力都能支撑人们度过漫长且有时充满挑战的语言学习过程。This is why adults who are deeply motivated, those willing to tolerate mistakes, embrace uncertainty, and keep speaking anyway, can achieve remarkable levels of fluency, even if their first accent never fully disappears. Researchers also point to language aptitude. While some people do seem to have a natural flair for languages, aptitude exists on a spectrum and can be strengthened with practice, exposure, and effective learning strategies. 正因如此，那些动机强烈、愿意容忍错误、拥抱不确定性并坚持开口的成年人，即使无法完全消除母语口音，也能达到惊人的流利程度。研究人员还指出了语言天赋的作用。虽然有些人似乎天生具有语言才能，但这种能力并非固定不变，而是呈谱系分布连续谱，可以通过练习、接触和有效的学习策略得到加强。So… who learns second languages better? 那么……究竟谁学习第二语言更具优势呢？Children tend to have the advantage when it comes to sounding native, particularly in pronunciation. Adults, on the other hand, are often better at learning efficiently and deliberately. Both early and late bilinguals can become fluent, and both will struggle at times along the way. 儿童往往在发音方面更具优势，尤其是在练就地道母语般的口音这件事上。而成年人通常更擅长高效、有意识地学习。无论是在童年还是成年后学习第二语言，学习者都能达到流利的水平，但也都会在学习过程中遇到各自的挑战。Age shapes how we learn a language, but it doesn’t determine whether we can. The more important question isn’t “When should you start learning a second language?” It’s “Why do you want to learn, and are you willing to make mistakes?” 年龄会影响我们学习语言的方式，但它并不能决定我们能否学会语言。更重要的不是“你应该何时开始学习第二语言？”，而是“你为什么要学习，并且是否愿意在学习过程中犯错？”In the end, successful language learning isn’t about being perfect; it’s about being brave enough to try. 归根结底，成功的语言学习不在于追求完美，而在于有足够的勇气去尝试。【词汇】1. grammatical adj. 语法的2. phonology n. 音系学3. babble v. 含糊不清地说；呀呀学语4. heighten v. 提高；增强5. cortex n. 皮层（尤指大脑皮层）6. figurative adj. 比喻的；象征性的7. sitcom n. 情景喜剧8. attentive adj. 专心的；注意的9. proxy n. 代理；替代物10. outperform v. 超过；胜过11. flair n. 天赋；才能12. bilingual n. 能说两种语言的人；双语者（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 花洒像你想象的那么干净吗？

花洒像你想象的那么干净吗？Is your showerhead as clean as you think? 常速 | 七级（偏易） | 357词| 2min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why does the showerhead create an ideal ecosystem for bacteria?A. It stays warm and dries out in a way that supports bacterial growth.B. It contains minerals that naturally feed microbes.C. It filters out nutrients that bacteria need.D. It is designed to trap water after each use.Q2. According to Frederik Hammes, when do showers become risky?A. When the user has a weak immune system.B. When the shower is contaminated with harmful pathogens.C. When the water pressure is unusually high.D. When the showerhead is used for too long.Q3. What can be inferred from the information about tropical climates?A. They prevent harmful bacteria from forming biofilms.B. They cause water systems to become less efficient.C. They require special cleaning tools for showerheads.D. They allow bacteria to grow more easily due to slower drying.Q4. According to the study mentioned in the passage, what effect does the shower spray mode have?A. It determines the amount of water used per minute.B. It changes how quickly the showerhead dries.C. It influences how widely bacterial cells are spread.D. It affects whether minerals accumulate inside the showerhead.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Showerheads spread more pathogens today than in the past.B. Modern cleaning products are ineffective against shower microbes.C. Showerheads should be replaced often to avoid infection.D. Microbes exist in showerheads, but simple habits can reduce their impact.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs your showerhead as clean as you think? This is a city like no other. An invisible army of microbes lives here, including bacteria, fungi, moulds, and mites, and it’s the one place you’d have hoped would be clean – your showerhead.microbe n. 微生物mite n. 螨虫If you unscrew it and take a peek inside, you might be surprised as to what you find – quite possibly a slimy dark biofilm. When you switch on the shower, it’s not just steam and water that come out, but a blast of microbes as well. Rob Dunn, an evolutionary biologist from North Carolina State University, calls showerheads extreme environments because they are either bone-dry or soaking wet. (Q1) Once you’ve showered, the head remains warm and dries out undisturbed, creating the perfect ecosystem for bacteria to feed on dissolved nutrients from the water.peek n. 窥视，偷看slimy adj. 黏滑的，覆有黏液的biofilm n. 生物膜It seems the majority of us don’t need to worry about catching a bug from having a shower, though. (Q2) “Only showers contaminated with Legionella and other opportunistic pathogens pose a risk,” says Frederik Hammes, a drinking water microbiologist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology in Switzerland. Meanwhile, one study in the US found that warmer areas, like Florida and Hawaii, with higher chlorine levels tend to have more pathogenic mycobacteria, which can lead to higher rates of a chronic lung infection called non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) lung disease. (Q3) This is likely because the showerhead has less time to dry out in more tropical climates, so bacteria can grow more easily.Legionella n. 军团杆菌，军团菌属opportunistic adj. 伺机性的pathogen n. 病原体chlorine n. 氯pathogenic adj. 致病的，病原的mycobacteria n. 分枝杆菌；分枝细菌Even if becoming ill from your showerhead is highly unlikely, you’d probably still like to reduce the number of bacteria coming out when you’re trying to get clean. (Q4) One study found that the spray pattern of your shower makes a difference – mist mode spreads NTM cells a lot more than a massage or rain showerhead, for example. Higher temperatures have also been shown to spread microbes more easily. (Q5) The best way to keep bacteria away, though, is to regularly clean your showerhead by descaling it or soaking it in lemon juice.descaling n. 除垢Since we can’t fully eradicate the microbes in our showers, and we like to stay clean, we’ll have to learn to coexist with them.Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Once you have showered, the head remains warm and dries out undisturbed, creating the perfect ecosystem for bacteria to feed on dissolved nutrients from the water.” 意为：“洗完澡后，花洒依然温热，并在不受干扰的状态下自然晾干，这为细菌生长提供了理想温床，使其能够摄取水中溶解的养分。”由此可以推理，花洒由于其干湿交替的特征与温暖的环境共同形成了细菌生长的理想环境，因此答案为A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“ ‘Only showers contaminated with Legionella and other opportunistic pathogens pose a risk,’ says Frederik Hammes.” 意为：“Frederik Hammes 表示，‘只有被军团菌和其他机会性病原体污染过的花洒才会构成风险。’”根据原文信息可以推理，健康风险的来源在于“病原体污染”，因此正确答案为B。Q3. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“This is likely because the showerhead has less time to dry out in more tropical climates, so bacteria can grow more easily.” 意为：“这可能是因为在更加炎热潮湿的气候中，花洒没有足够的时间晾干，因此细菌更容易生长。” 因此答案为D。Q4. C.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“One study found that the spray pattern of your shower makes a difference – mist mode spreads NTM cells a lot more than a massage or rain showerhead.” 意为：“一项研究发现，花洒喷洒模式不同会导致不同的结果；例如，喷雾模式比按摩模式或雨淋模式更容易传播非结核分枝杆菌细胞。”依据原文可以推理，不同喷洒模式影响微生物扩散范围，因此答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】本题为主旨题。题目出处为：“The best way to keep bacteria away, though, is to regularly clean your showerhead by descaling it or soaking it in lemon juice.”意为：“文章指出，减少细菌的最佳办法是通过除垢或柠檬汁浸泡等方式定期清洁花洒。”根据全文可以推理，文章主要传达的信息是“花洒中存在大量微生物，但通过简单方法可以减少其影响”，因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？

为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？Why our brains love lists常速 | 四级（偏难） | 314词| 2min12s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why does writing tasks down on a list help reduce anxiety?A. It reduces anxiety by preventing the need to rely on memory.B. It shortens the amount of time needed to complete tasks.C. It helps people avoid doing tasks they dislike.D. It encourages people to work in groups.Q2. Why are lists said to help the brain retain information better?A. Because they increase the number of tasks a person can complete.B. Because they present information in an organized form.C. Because they encourage people to think more creatively.D. Because they allow people to read information repeatedly.Q3. In the Wake Forest University experiment, what happened to the group who were not allowed to make plans?A. They struggled because the task remained in their memory.B. They performed better because they had less pressure.C. They completed the second task more efficiently.D. They forgot about the unfinished warm-up task quickly.Q4. What can be inferred about the Zeigarnik Effect from the passage?A. It makes people complete tasks faster than usual.B. It causes people to ignore tasks once they begin them.C. It increases stress because the brain prefers finished tasks.D. It keeps unfinished tasks in memory until they are resolved.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern technology has made to-do lists unnecessary.B. People should avoid writing down tasks and rely on memory instead.C. To-do lists are an effective way to manage tasks and reduce stress.D. Only people with high productivity benefit from writing lists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy our brains love listsProductivity can be a struggle for many of us. Overflowing email inboxes, housework, social obligations – it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. However, one simple tool that can help us stay on top of everything is the to-do list. Write it down, do the tasks, and cross them off – simple!There are three key reasons why lists are beneficial, according to psychologist and author David Cohen. (Q1) Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we don’t have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand. Secondly, lists provide structure and guidance, giving us a plan to follow. (Q2) As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner. And finally, lists serve as proof of what we have achieved, which can help boost our sense of accomplishment and motivation.beneficial adj. 有益的Another possible reason our brains love lists is because of something called the ‘Zeigarnik Effect’. This is the name psychologists use for when we remember things we need to do, our unfinished tasks, better than things we have already completed. Researchers from Wake Forest University tested the interference of the Zeigarnik effect on a group of people. The experiment began with a warm-up task, though it was stopped halfway through, and only some people were allowed to make plans to finish it. (Q3) The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. (Q4) The problem was the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks. So, once we tick something off our list, our brain forgets about it, and we can relax.(Q5) All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life!Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we do not have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand.” 意为：“首先，清单能够帮助屏蔽因任务无穷无尽而带来的混乱和焦虑。将所有事情写下来之后，我们就无需依赖记忆，而可以专注于手头的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner.” 意为：“此外，大脑更容易记住以结构化和有条理的方式呈现的信息。”因此答案为 B。Q3. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“研究人员发现，被允许制定计划的小组焦虑减少，并在第二个任务中表现更好；而另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q4. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“问题在于，另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”根据这句话可以推理，蔡加尼克效应使未完成的任务在我们的记忆中保持活跃状态，直到它们得到解决，因此答案为 D。Q5. C.【解析】本题为主旨题。题目出处为：“All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life.” 意为：“总而言之，清单似乎是帮助我们掌控生活的宝贵工具。”结合全文内容，清单能够减少焦虑，提供结构化的信息，提高记忆效果，减轻蔡加尼克效应带来的负担，因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 祖先能教给我们哪些睡眠知识？

祖先能教给我们哪些睡眠知识？What can our ancestors teach us about sleep? 常速 | 六级（易） | 412词| 2min47s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What was a common sleep pattern in many parts of the world in past centuries?A. Sleeping in two separate periods during the night.B. Sleeping for short intervals throughout the day.C. Sleeping for exactly eight continuous hours.D. Sleeping only after midnight.Q2. According to the passage, what greatly influences circadian rhythms?A. The amount of exercise a person gets before bedtime.B. The level of light a person is exposed to.C. The kind of food consumed in the evening.D. The number of hours spent working outdoors.Q3. What did study participants begin to show when exposed to 14 hours of darkness per day?A. Increased difficulty falling asleep.B. A tendency to wake frequently during the night.C. A biphasal or segmented sleeping pattern.D. A complete shift to daytime sleeping.Q4. What can be inferred about segmented sleep based on expert opinions?A. It is the most efficient sleep pattern for modern workers.B. It guarantees better memory performance for everyone.C. It eliminates the need for regular sleep schedules.D. Its risks and benefits remain unclear due to limited research.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern life has eliminated the need for natural sleep cycles.B. Human sleep patterns may be influenced by both historical practices and modern lifestyles.C. People should return to segmented sleep to improve health.D. Electric light has created better sleep habits than those in the past.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhat can our ancestors teach us about sleep? We’ve all heard advice about good sleep hygiene. No phones or caffeine before bed, and make sure that we get a good eight hours’ rest. But is this the best sleep pattern, or have we just been led to it by modern life?Artificial light in our houses and streets means that we no longer have to go to bed at sundown. Having a job to go to at a set time in the morning can be the main determining factor on when we decide to rouse ourselves. In past centuries, the time of sunset and sunrise had a much bigger impact on people’s days. (Q1) Historical studies have shown that in many parts of the world it was common for people to sleep in two sections, from dusk until around 11 and then from one in the morning until sunrise. This segmented or biphasal sleep pattern is referred to as far back in history as ancient Greece.biphasal sleep pattern 双相睡眠模式So, if modern sleep patterns are in some part due to modern lifestyles and technologies, could segmented sleep patterns be more natural? Some studies suggest that they are. (Q2) The circadian rhythms that determine when we start to feel drowsy are greatly affected by light. (Q3) Study participants subjected to 14 hours of complete darkness a day started to develop a biphasal sleeping pattern. As recently as 2017, similar patterns have also been seen in some communities in rural Madagascar that do not have access to electric light.circadian adj. 昼夜节律的；生理节奏的drowsy adj. 昏昏欲睡的；困倦的subject v. 使经受；使遭受They may be more natural, but are these sleeping patterns healthier? (Q4) Experts caution that the small number of studies carried out means that the risks and benefits of segmented sleeping are not well understood. Nevertheless, some people have found it to be a useful way to find time to be creative. Psychologist Gregg Jacobs suggests that the period of time that people used to spend awake in past centuries could have been used to regulate stress. Other experts remind us that many people find that they wake in the night, and then get anxious at not being able to get back to sleep, which in itself exacerbates any sleeplessness.exacerbate v. 使恶化；使加剧Making use of the awake time to do something restful could help people improve their sleep. If you do want to try it, sleep researcher Mary Carskadon reminds us that we should stay away from bright lights to avoid disturbing our circadian rhythms. You also might want to check that it won’t disturb your work and social life too much.Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Historical studies have shown that in many parts of the world it was common for people to sleep in two sections, from dusk until around 11 and then from one in the morning until sunrise.” 意为：“历史研究显示，在世界许多地区，人们通常采用两段式睡眠，即先从黄昏睡到大约11点，然后从凌晨一点睡到日出时分。” 根据这句话可以推理，常见的睡眠模式是分段睡眠，因此答案为 A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“The circadian rhythms that determine when we start to feel drowsy are greatly affected by light.” 意为：“决定我们何时开始感到困倦的昼夜节律受到光线的强烈影响。”根据这句话可以推理，光线是影响昼夜节律的主要因素，因此答案为 B。Q3. C.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Study participants subjected to 14 hours of complete darkness a day started to develop a biphasal sleeping pattern.” 意为：“每天处于14小时完全黑暗环境中的研究参与者开始形成双段式睡眠模式。” 因此答案为 C。Q4. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“Experts caution that the small number of studies carried out means that the risks and benefits of segmented sleeping are not well understood.” 意为：“专家提醒，由于相关研究数量较少，分段睡眠的风险和益处尚未得到充分理解。” 因此答案为 D。Q5. B.【解析】本题为主旨题。文章开头提出问题“是否现代生活使我们形成了现在的睡眠模式”，文中讨论了人造光源、固定工作时间、历史上的分段睡眠模式、昼夜节律研究等内容，并在结尾提醒人们要注意光线与睡眠模式之间的关系。根据全文内容可以推理，文章核心观点是现代生活和历史睡眠模式都可能影响我们的睡眠，因此答案为 B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 2025论坛重点关注中国海外留学生回国就业的关键趋势

2025论坛重点关注中国海外留学生回国就业的关键趋势Key Trends in Chinese Overseas Students Returning for Employment Highlighted in 2025 Forum常速 | 六级（偏难）| 300词 | 2min27s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What was officially unveiled during the 2025 China Study Abroad Forum? A. New policies for overseas graduates. B. The Blue Paper for returning students. C. A study on international employment trends. D. Guidelines for academic degree verification. Q2. How many individuals successfully completed academic degree verification in 2023? A. Around 336,000. B. Approximately 366,380. C. Over 400,000. D. Nearly 350,000. Q3. What broader trend does the gender dynamics among returning students align with? A. Increased male participation in higher education. B. A decline in female enrollment in international programs. C. Women pursuing advanced degrees and global experiences. D. Equal representation of genders in higher education. Q4. What can be inferred about the strategies discussed at the forum? A. They aim to attract more students to study abroad. B. They advocate for reducing economic growth reliance. C. They emphasize limiting the number of returnees. D. They focus on enhancing China’s global competitiveness. Q5. What is the main purpose of the Blue Paper according to the text? A. To reduce the number of students studying abroad. B. To explore strategies for integrating returnees into the workforce. C. To provide insights into international education and China’s development. D. To analyze gender differences in academic achievement. Part II. TRANSCRIPTKey Trends in Chinese Overseas Students Returning for Employment Highlighted in 2025 Forum(Q1) The Blue Paper for Chinese Overseas Students Returning to China for Employment was officially unveiled during the 2025 China Study Abroad Forum on Friday in Beijing, shedding light on significant developments in overseas education and the increasing number of returnees. The event, attended by experts, policymakers, and representatives from educational institutions, emphasized the pivotal role of returning students in China’s workforce and innovation landscape.pivotal n. 中心点，核心 Compiled by the Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange under the Ministry of Education, the report provides an in-depth analysis of the academic degree verification process. (Q2) It revealed that in 2023, a total of 366,380 individuals successfully completed academic degree verification through the center, marking an increase of approximately 30,000 compared to 2022. This upward trend underscores the growing appeal of China’s domestic opportunities among overseas graduates.The report also highlighted gender dynamics among returning students. Women continued to dominate the demographic, accounting for around 57 percent of returnees in 2023. (Q3) This statistic aligns with broader trends in higher education, where female students increasingly pursue advanced degrees and international experiences.dynamics n. 动态demographic adj. 人口统计学的，人口结构的 Experts at the forum attributed the surge in returnees to several factors, including China’s robust economic growth, expanding career opportunities, and supportive policies tailored to overseas graduates. (Q4) Additionally, the forum explored strategies to further integrate returning students into China’s development initiatives, emphasizing their potential contributions to innovation, research, and global competitiveness.(Q5) The Blue Paper serves as a vital resource for policymakers, educators, and employers, offering insights into the evolving landscape of international education and its implications for China’s social and economic development. As the number of Chinese students studying abroad continues to rise, the report underscores the importance of creating a welcoming environment for returnees, ensuring their skills and expertise are effectively utilized.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The Blue Paper for Chinese Overseas Students Returning to China for Employment was officially unveiled during the 2025 China Study Abroad Forum on Friday in Beijing.”，可知《中国留学生回国就业蓝皮书》在在2025年中国留学论坛上正式发布。正确答案为B。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“It revealed that in 2023, a total of 366,380 individuals successfully completed academic degree verification through the center, marking an increase of approximately 30,000 compared to 2022.”，可知2023年共有366,380人通过中心完成学位认证。正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。根据“This statistic aligns with broader trends in higher education, where female students increasingly pursue advanced degrees and international experiences.”，可知这一统计数据与高等教育的更广泛趋势相一致，即女性学生越来越多地追求高学历和国际经历。正确答案为C。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Additionally, the forum explored strategies to further integrate returning students into China’s development initiatives, emphasizing their potential contributions to innovation, research, and global competitiveness.”，可知论坛探讨了进一步将回国留学生融入中国发展计划的策略，强调了他们在创新、研究和全球竞争力方面的潜在贡献。正确答案为D。Q5. C.【解析】主旨题。根据“The Blue Paper serves as a vital resource for policymakers, educators, and employers, offering insights into the evolving landscape of international education and its implications for China’s social and economic development.”，可知蓝皮书是一个重要资源，提供了有关国际教育发展及其对中国社会经济发展的影响的见解。正确答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

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