新闻听力 | 小居室如何工作休息两不误?

VOA慢速:小居室如何工作休息两不误?Work, Sleep Well in a Small Place慢速 | CET-4偏易 | 846词 | 8min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What can make it difficult to get a good night’s sleep in a studio apartment?A. Lack of furniture.B. High cost of living.C. External noise from the street.D. The combined use of the room for living, cooking, and sleeping.Q2. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To describe the history of studio apartments.B. To advise on how to work and sleep well in a small apartment.C. To compare different types of bedding materials.D. To explain the cost of living in large cities.Q3. What are Murphy beds used for in studio apartments according to Andrea Morris?A. To provide additional storage.B. To improve room ventilation.C. To make more room during the dayD. To create a separate kitchen area.Q4. What does Jeff Kahn suggest to help the brain associate your bed with sleep?A. Avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.B. Use special pillows during sleep.C. Avoid eating in bed.D. Keep the room's temperature cool.Q5. What can be inferred about the importance of air quality in a small apartment?A. It can be ignored in favor of light control.B. It is less important than room décor.C. Good air flow and possible use of an air purifier are essential.D. It is only important if you do not cook in the same space.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWork, Sleep Well in a Small PlaceWorking from home in a small apartment is fine during the day. But when nighttime comes, it may be more difficult to turn off work and get a good night’s sleep.(Q1) This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room. These kinds of apartments are common in large cities with a high cost of living.With electronics, kitchen items, clothes and books all in one space, it can be hard to create a restful place for sleep.(Q2) Kim Cook, a reporter for the Associated Press, asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.Be honest about how you liveEveryone needs good sleep to stay healthy.“The primary rule, maybe the only rule of small space design, is people have to be honest about how they really live,” says Olivia Hosken. She is deputy managing editor of House Beautiful.She adds that when you have limited space, you need furniture that works well in the room.A good bed is important for good sleepShe suggests spending money on a high-quality bed. Even better is a high-quality sleep sofa that can double as a bed and couch. She does not suggest big tables or chairs that you may not use.Andrea Morris is an interior designer with Lancaster Place Interiors in Wilmington, North Carolina. (Q3) For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds, named after William Murphy. He came up with this idea in 1900 while living in his own studio apartment in San Francisco, California.Create a sleep areaTo separate your sleep area from the rest of the apartment, you can purchase a freestanding screen or room divider. And as much as you can, keep your sleep area strictly for sleeping, experts say.Jeff Kahn is co-founder of the Chicago-based sleep-research company Rise Science. His company developed a sleep-tracking app called Rise. (Q4) His suggestion is to “avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.” He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.However, that is not always possible. If you use your bed during the daytime, you can do small things to keep your daytime tasks and sleep separate. Lisa Strauss is a psychologist and expert in sleep disorders. She suggests using one side of the bed for reading and the other for sleeping. You can also bring out special blankets and pillows used only for sleeping. Freshen the air. Lower the lights. Cut the noise.Kahn also suggests keeping a clean, peaceful environment. For starters, he says to make sure the air flow is good.(Q5) “Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” says Kahn. He adds that this is especially important if you cook and sleep in the same place.ventilated adj. 通风的Another interior expert is Mia Ingui. She is editor at Spruce, a home design website. She suggests using calming smells like lavender or chamomile at bedtime, to “set the tone for restful sleep.”lavender n. 薰衣草chamomile n. 洋甘菊Also, be sure that computer, TV, and other electronic screens are turned off. In a small room, these devices are probably a short distance from the bed. Their light at night can affect our internal clocks, or circadian rhythm.circadian adj. 生理节奏的,昼夜节律的Do not forget about the sounds these devices make. If the buzz of nearby devices, appliances, or street sounds keep you awake, consider a noise machine. Ingui likes the Hatch Restore, a “sunrise lamp” that provides soothing sounds and lights up slowly in the morning. You can also buy noise cancelling curtains. These cut down on outside noises.buzz n. 嗡嗡声soothing adj. 抚慰的,使人宽心的Keep things clean and organizedAndrea Morris, the home designer, says one thing to avoid when it comes to studio living is leaving beds unmade.“It’s amazing how much better you feel after a hard day entering a space with a made bed,” she said.At night, she suggests putting away electronics. Side tables with plugs and ports for electronics help you store devices and keep things tidy ― or organized and clean. This is another example of choosing furniture that has multiple uses.Choose multi-use, storable beddingIf it difficult to control your studio apartment’s heating and cooling, Ingui recommends choosing materials for bedding that let the skin breathe. Such materials can keep you cool in warm weather and warm in cooler temperatures.She also suggests buying several pieces of bedding that are easy to store rather than big, bulky blankets. Studio apartments often do not have a lot of storage.With some thoughtful choices, your small space can have the feeling we all want from home life: calm, clean and good for both working and sleeping.Part III. KEYQ1. D. 细节题。题目出处为“This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room.” 意为:“这(即睡个好觉)在一居室公寓内会变得尤其困难,因为一居室公寓的客厅、厨房和睡眠区都在一个房间内。” 因此答案为D。Q2. B. 主旨题。题目出处为:“… asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.” 意为:“咨询睡眠专家和室内设计专家如何在一个小房间内有效工作和获得良好睡眠。”因此答案为B。Q3. C. 细节题。题目出处为“For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds.” 意为:“对于单间公寓,她喜欢壁床。这些床不用时可以折叠靠墙。它们更为人熟知的名字是墨菲床。” 因此答案为C。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“His suggestion is to ‘avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.’ He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.” 意为:“他的建议是‘避免在床上工作或做任何会产生压力的事情。’他说,这样有助于大脑将床与睡眠而非与清醒和工作联系起来。”因此答案为A。Q5. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” 意为:“确保你的房间通风良好,并考虑使用空气净化器。” 因此可以推断出良好的空气流通和使用空气净化器是很重要的。因此答案为C。(本文图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 如何流利说英语

VOA慢速:如何流利说英语Speaking Fluently慢速 | 高考 易 | 470词 | 4min35s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the text, what is meant by “input” in the context of learning English?A. Writing English essays.B. Practicing grammar exercises.C. The language you listen to and read.D. Translating from your native language.Q2. What does the text suggest is a common obstacle to becoming fluent in English?A. Lack of reading materials.B. Fear of making grammar mistakes.C. Inability to write essays.D. Not enough translation practice.Q3. What practice method is recommended for improving speaking fluency through listening and speaking in real-time?A. Watching English movies.B. Engaging in language partner exchanges.C. Doing grammar exercises.D. Reading English literature.Q4. According to the text, what can help learners organize their ideas and remember vocabulary?A. Writing about the topics.B. Speaking about the topics.C. Listening to conversations.D. Translating the topics.Q5. According to the text, how does storytelling benefit language learners?A. It improves their ability to memorize vocabulary.B. It helps them write better essays.C. It teaches them how to structure arguments.D. It helps them learn expressions and grammatical forms.Q6. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To provide comprehensive grammar rules for learners.B. To discuss how to achieve fluent English speaking.C. To explain the importance of translation in language learning.D. To emphasize the role of reading in learning English.Part II. TRANSCRIPTSpeaking FluentlyHello! This week on Ask a Teacher, we answer a question from Aaron Ali in Sudan about how to become a fluent speaker.Question Dear Teacher,I have been learning English since 2010, but I can’t speak English fluently, even now. Could you tell me how to get my English fluent?AnswerThank you for writing to us, Aaron Ali. I’m happy to answer this question. To help you reach your goal, consider the following two questions:1. What is making it difficult for you to become fluent?2. Are you getting the input and practice with English that you need? (Q1) Input means the language that you listen to and read.Being fluent does not mean speaking a language without any mistakes. Instead, fluency is the ability to speak without stopping too much. It is also the ability to speak about a large number of issues.Try to identify what is preventing you from being fluent. (Q2) Maybe you worry about making grammar mistakes. Maybe pronunciation problems slow you down. Perhaps you simply might not know enough words. Or, you might need more confidence, or belief in yourself. If that is the case, our Learning English article linked here gives advice for gaining more confidence in your speaking.Two things to knowPeople generally need two things to become fluent. The first thing they need is to know a lot of words and expressions. You should listen to and read English that you can mostly understand but that also helps you learn a few new expressions at a time.Remember, you can be fluent even if you make many grammar mistakes. But you cannot speak fluently if you do not know enough words and expressions.The second thing learners need is a lot of practice speaking in different kinds of situations.(Q3) Try to find an English-speaking partner and practice often. Online sites can help you find a language partner. You can have a conversation with this person over a mobile phone or computer. And this Learning English article gives advice for great language exchanges.Other suggestionsPractice speaking about particular topics. For example, if you are interested in health and exercise, learn the words and expressions connected to that topic. Next, try to write about it. (Q4) Writing can help you organize your ideas and remember vocabulary. Last, practice speaking about the topic, using the special vocabulary you have learned.(Q5) Storytelling is another way to practice. It helps you learn expressions and grammatical forms. Tell a story many times. That will help you feel what it is like to speak fluently.grammatical adj. 语法的;文法的Reading out loud is another way to practice, and the video and article linked here gives advice about doing that.Finally, our How to Pronounce series shows you how to say common phrases quickly and easily.Part III. KEYQ1. C.细节题。题目出处为“Input means the language you listen to and read.”意为:“输入指的是你听到和读到的语言材料。”因此答案为C。Q2. B.细节题。题目出处为“Maybe you worry about making grammar mistakes.”意为:“也许你担心犯语法错误。”因此答案为B。Q3. B.细节题。题目出处为“Try to find an English-speaking partner and practice often.”意为:“尝试找到一个讲英语的伙伴并经常练习。”因此答案为B。Q4. A.细节题。题目出处为“Writing can help you organize your ideas and remember vocabulary.” 意为:“写作可以帮助你组织想法并记住词汇。”因此答案为A。Q5. D.推理题。题目出处为“Storytelling is another way to practice. It helps you learn expressions and grammatical forms.”意为:“讲故事是另一种练习方式。它有助于你学习表达和语法形式。” 因此答案为D。Q6. B.主旨题。题目出处为文本的整体内容,集中在如何能说出流利的英语口语。因此答案为B。(本文图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 微塑料有害吗

VOA慢速:微塑料有害吗Are Microplastics Harmful? 慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 425词 | 4min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are microplastics and where can they be found, according to the text?A. They are natural sea organisms found only in oceans.B. They are tiny plastic pieces found in oceans, air, food, and human body tissues.C. They are a type of food additive used in processed foods.D. They are synthetic materials found only in manufactured products.Q2. What do some researchers believe about microplastics and human health?A. There is definitive evidence that microplastics harm human health.B. There are no concerns about microplastics and human health.C. There are concerns about potential health effects, but no clear evidence yet.D. Microplastics are beneficial to human health.Q3. What can be inferred about the current state of research on microplastics?A. It is in its early stages, and comprehensive conclusions about health effects are yet to be reached.B. It has definitively proved that microplastics are harmless.C. It has been extensively studied for decades with clear guidelines established.D. It shows that microplastics are beneficial for improving heart health.Q4. What is the primary focus of the text?A. The benefits of microplastics in daily life.B. The manufacturing process of microplastics.C. The presence and potential health effects of microplastics.D. Scientific advancements in plastic recycling.Q5. According to the text, how can people reduce their exposure to microplastics?A. By taking vitamins that reduce microplastics.B. By using plastic bottles and containers.C. By eating out frequently.D. By taking off shoes before entering the home and not heating food in plastic containers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAre Microplastics Harmful?(Q1) Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.(Q2/4) Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.Manufacturers mostly use oil or other petroleum products to make plastic. The material is used to make a huge number of different products: water bottles, car parts, children’s playthings, clothing, electronics and more. Heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller and smaller pieces.Microplastics can be 5 millimeters long at most or as small as one micrometer. A micrometer is one-one thousandth of a millimeter. Microplastics have been found in salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. They have also been found in milk, soil, and drinking water.micrometer n. 微米 Researchers disagree about how much plastic people might be breathing in or taking in as food and drink. Still, many studies find evidence of plastics in body tissues.Tracey Woodruff is a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco. She said, “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated.”Scientists are still trying to answer the question of how harmful microplastics might be. In 2022, a World Health Organization report found no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence.There is also not clear evidence of widespread public health effects.(Q3) However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects. Woodruff of U.C. San Francisco said it makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain poisonous chemicals. The researcher was part of an investigative team that examined nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California state lawmakers.Some evidence suggests plastics can increase inflammation and other changes in the body. Such changes could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.inflammation n. 炎症 Researchers say there are ways to reduce possible contact with microplastics.(Q5) Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside. Eat foods ― especially fresh fruits and vegetables ― that you prepare at home. Do not heat foods in plastic containers, Woodruff said. And, she added, use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.I’m Andrew Smith. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为:“Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 意为:“极小的塑料碎片被称为微塑料,它们存在于海洋和空气以及我们的食物和水中。科学研究还发现,微塑料存在于人体组织中,包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为:“Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.” 意为:“一些研究人员担心微塑料会危害人类健康,尽管他们表示科学尚未发现明确证据。不过,他们表示,关于微塑料可能对健康造成的影响,仍有许多问题有待解答。”因此答案为C。Q3. A. 推理题。题目出处为:“However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects.”意为:但是,研究人员最近才开始测量人体内的塑料水平并了解其可能的影响。”因此可以推断出,对于微塑料对健康影响的研究还处于早期阶段,尚未得出全面结论。因此答案为A。Q4. C. 主旨题。本文主要讨论了微塑料的存在以及它可能对健康产生的影响。题目出处为:“Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 和“Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.”意为:“科学研究还发现,微塑料存在于人体组织中,包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”以及“不过,他们表示,关于微塑料可能对健康产生的影响,仍然有问题尚待解答。”因此答案为C。Q5. D. 细节题。题目出处为:“Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside... Do not heat foods in plastic containers… use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.”意为:“进家门之前脱鞋,这有助于防止微塑料在室内扩散……不要在塑料容器中加热食物……使用金属或玻璃水瓶,而不是塑料。”因此答案为D。(本文图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 特朗普与哈里斯将于9月10日进行总统辩论

BBC新闻:特朗普与哈里斯将于9月10日进行总统辩论Trump and Harris to Debate on September 10常速 | CET-4 偏难 | 146词 | 57s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Besides ABC News, which other news channel does Donald Trump want to hold debates on?A. MSNBC.B. CNN.C. NBC.D. Fox News.Q2. What is the main focus of this news?A. The implications of the debate schedules on the presidential race.B. How media outlets are covering the election debate.C. The change in Democratic presidential candidacy and its consequences.D. The personal conflicts between Trump and Harris.Q3. What was the impact of Joe Biden’s poor performance in the debate?A. He was forced to step down due to internal party pressure.B. He lost immediate public support.C. He chose a different running mate.D. He campaigned more aggressively.Q4. What did the former president do when speaking to reporters at his Mar-a-Lago home in Florida?A. He praised Ms. Harris’s accomplishments as a politician.B. He dismissed his new opponent.C. He announced his support for Ms. Harris in the upcoming election.D. He refused to comment on his new opponent, Ms. Harris.Part II. TRANSCRIPTTrump and Harris to Debate on September 10Hello, I’m Neil Nunes with the BBC News. The American broadcaster ABC News has confirmed that Donald Trump and Kamala Harris will hold a presidential election debate on its channel on September 10. (Q1) Mr Trump has said he wants two additional dates in September, the first of them on Fox News. Here’s a North America correspondent, Peter Bose. (Q2) When Donald Trump came face to face with Joe Biden in June for what was to be the first of two debates, the event changed the course of this presidential election. (Q3) Mr Biden’s poor performance eventually led him to step down following pressure from senior party colleagues. Since then, the Democrats have rallied around Kamala Harris, whose campaign has rejuvenated the party. (Q4) Speaking to reporters at his Mar-a-Lago home in Florida, the former president dismissed his new opponent, questioning Ms Harris’s intelligence and her record as a politician.correspondent n. 记者,通讯员rejuvenate v. 使恢复活力,使焕然一新Part III. KEYQ1. D. 细节题。题目出处为:“Mr Trump has said he wants two additional dates in September, the first of them on Fox News.” 意为:“特朗普表示他希望在九月份增加两个辩论日期,其中第一个是在福克斯新闻频道上。” 因此答案为D。Q2. C. 主旨题。这段新闻主要关注的是由于拜登在辩论中的表现不佳导致他退出竞选,由卡马拉·哈里斯接替其成为民主党总统候选人,以及此事带来的后果。题目出处为:“When Donald Trump came face to face with Joe Biden in June for what was to be the first of two debates, the event changed the course of this presidential election.” 意为:“此前特朗普和拜登的首次辩论改变了这场总统选举的进程。” 因此答案为C。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为:“Mr. Biden’s poor performance eventually led him to step down following pressure from senior party colleagues.” 意为:“拜登的表现不佳,最终在党内高级同事的压力下退出了竞选。” 因此答案为A。Q4. B. 细节题。题目出处为:“Speaking to reporters at his Mar-a-Lago home in Florida, the former president dismissed his new opponent, questioning Ms Harris’s intelligence and her record as a politician.”意为:“在佛罗里达州的Mar-a-Lago的家中对记者讲话时,这位前总统对他的新对手表示轻蔑,质疑哈里斯的智力和政治履历。” 因此答案为B。(本文图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 一种神奇的写作,助你探寻未知的自我

一种神奇的写作,助你探寻未知的自我A Writing Exercise to Help You Meet Yourself常速 | 考研 易 | 476词 | 3min14s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the talk and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the traditional philosophy of writing prioritize?A. Conveying raw emotions.B. Achieving coherence and polish.C. Speed and spontaneity.D. Ignoring spelling errors.Q2. How does ‘automatic writing’ approach the task differently compared to traditional methods?A. It emphasizes logical structure.B. It encourages excessive revisions.C. It focuses on writing quickly without self-censorship.D. It aims for grammatical perfection.Q3. According to the text, how does one perform the automatic writing exercise?A. By picking an emotional topic and writing continuously for two minutes.B. By selecting a trivial topic and writing slowly.C. By taking frequent pauses and corrections.D. By reading extensively before writing.Q4. What can be inferred about the role of societal norms in the suppression of true feelings?A. Societal norms encourage honest self-expression.B. Societal norms contribute to anxiety and depression by suppressing true thoughts.C. Societal norms have no impact on individual emotions.D. Societal norms promote a healthy emotional state.Q5. What is the main benefit of automatic writing according to the text?A. Creating literary masterpieces.B. Enhancing logical thinking and public speaking skills.C. Improving vocabulary and grammar.D. Releasing suppressed emotions and understanding true thoughts.Part II. TRANSCRIPTA Writing Exercise to Help You Meet Yourself(Q1) Usually, when we set out to write, sounding coherent and polished are our central priorities. We may think hard before setting anything down, we keep an eye on spelling, we may go back and correct words that feel not entirely right ― all in the hope of eventually reaching a point where what we have articulated seems accurately to reflect what we truly think.polished adj. 完美无缺的;炉火纯青的But there is another philosophy of writing at large, this one with a very different thesis as to what ‘good’ writing might be like. While also believing that the ultimate ambition of writing should be the expression of our genuine thoughts, this technique proposes that our best chances of reaching such thoughts lies in making every effort not to think too much, not to agonize about every word, not to go back and correct anything ― and instead, (Q2) just to write down everything that comes into our minds the very moment it does so, without any interest in seeming logical, elegant, clever or even very sane.at large 整个;全部(Q3) This approach, known as ‘automatic writing’, asks us to begin by picking an important emotional topic ― for example, ‘My Mother’, or ‘My Father’, ‘My Partner’ or ‘What I Really Want’ ― and then writing as fast as we possibly can, for two minutes straight, without a single pause, which can feel like a very exhausting and peculiar requirement indeed.When we stand back and read what has tumbled out of us, our feelings about our parents, partners or desires may emerge as really very different from what we had presumed. We might find that we hate where we had expected love; or love where we had imagined disdain. We might discover layers of longing, envy, rage or sadness that we had kept at bay day to day in the name of appearing that most stultifying and dangerous of things: normal.tumble v. 跌落,翻滚而下disdain n. 鄙视;蔑视keep … at bay 不让(敌人)接近;防止(问题)恶化stultifying adj. 使人感到乏味的,使人感觉迟钝的The value of the exercise lies precisely in the extent to which our automatic writing introduces us to feelings that are at odds with those we ordinarily dare to entertain. Much of what we are is dammed up inside us by scruples, by a fear of hurting others, by an embarrassment as to what we want when it departs from the expected path. (Q4) Yet this neglect of our true selves is also what powers our anxiety, irritability, insomnia and depression, all of these species of revenge for the real thoughts we have been so careful not to allow into our conscious minds.be at odds with …与……不一致dam up 阻止,抑制scruple n. 顾忌,顾虑irritability n. 易怒,烦躁Automatic writing will not make us into ‘great’ writers; but it will do something far more useful still: (Q5) it will liberate us from some of the insincerities that are making us more troubled and restless than we should be. Our chaotic intense two-minute essays will help us to meet the person we have been, but were too scared to get to know, all along.chaotic adj. 混乱的,无秩序的Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为:“Usually, when we set out to write, sounding coherent and polished are our central priorities.” 意为:“通常,当我们开始写作时,让文章看起来条理清晰和语言优美是我们最主要的关注点。” 因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为:“... just to write down everything that comes into our minds the very moment it does so, without any interest in seeming logical, elegant, clever or even very sane.” 意为:“……仅仅是把脑海中浮现的一切东西即时地写下来,而不关心是否显得合乎逻辑、优雅、聪明甚至是否理智。” 因此答案为C。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为:“... asks us to begin by picking an important emotional topic ... and then writing as fast as we possibly can, for two minutes straight, without a single pause.” 意为:“……要求我们选择一个重要的情感主题……然后尽可能快速地连续写两分钟,不停顿。” 因此答案为A。Q4. B. 推理题。题目出处为:“Yet this neglect of our true selves is also what powers our anxiety, irritability, insomnia and depression ...”,意为:“然而,这种对真实自我的忽视也是导致焦虑、烦躁、失眠和抑郁的原因之一……” 因此可以推断出,社会规范通过压抑我们的真实想法而导致我们自身出现焦虑和抑郁情绪。因此答案为B。Q5. D. 主旨题。文中主要讨论了自动写作对释放被压抑的情感和理解自身真实想法的作用。题目出处为:“... it will liberate us from some of the insincerities that are making us more troubled and restless than we should be. Our chaotic intense two-minute essays will help us to meet the person we have been, but were too scared to get to know, all along.” 意为:“……它将使我们摆脱一些伪装,正是这些伪装让我们一直变得更加烦恼和不安。我们所写下的混乱而激烈的两分钟随笔,将帮助我们认识自我,这个自我一直存在,但我们却一直不敢去了解。”因此答案为D。(本文图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 锻炼真能减肥吗?

锻炼真能减肥吗?We Need to Rethink Exercise: The Workout Paradox常速 | CET-6中等| 1328词 | 9min19s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the talk and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What did scientists discover when comparing calorie burn between the Hadza and people in industrialized societies?A. The Hadza burn significantly more calories.B. Both groups burn about the same amount of calories.C. Industrialized societies burn more due to higher stress levels.D. Calorie consumption is irrelevant to lifestyle.Q2. According to the text, what is one reason why exercising might not lead to significant fat loss?A. Exercising burns too few calories.B. People tend to eat more after exercising.C. The body compensates by reducing activity levels at other times.D. Most exercises are not intense enough.Q3. How does chronic inflammation affect health according to the text?A. It boosts the immune system’s efficiency.B. It reduces the brain’s energy consumption.C. It helps in faster recovery from injuries.D. It can lead to serious diseases if not controlled.Q4. Based on the text, why do humans have a tendency to overeat in modern times?A. Because of their big brains and social skills training.B. Due to increased availability of food.C. Because they need more energy for physical activities.D. Because of genetic predisposition to obesity.Q5. What is the main focus of this text?A. The relationship between calorie intake and exercise.B. The benefits of different types of physical activities.C. The reasons why exercise alone may not be effective for weight loss.D. The impact of modern lifestyles on health and fitness.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWe Need to Rethink Exercise: The Workout ParadoxThe Myth of the WorkoutA few years ago, scientists began to compare populations in industrialized societies, which sit a lot, to hunter-gatherer communities who move around a lot. The Hadza people in Tanzania walk an average of 9 km a day to find wild plants and hunt animals, dig for tubers, climb trees for honey, or collect water. They can move more in a single day than an office worker in a week. So of course, they burn more calories, right? hunter-gatherer 采集狩猎者tuber n. 块茎(某些植物的肉质地下茎)(Q1) But it turns out that the Hadza burn the same amount of calories per day as a typical person in an industrialized country: around 1,900 for women and around 2,600 for men — which doesn’t make sense at all. It’s also not their genes, since it’s the same for other hunter-gatherer tribes.So the confused scientists looked at similar measurements in individual countries. It got even stranger: Active people who work out regularly do burn more than inactive people, but only very little, often as low as 100 calories, the equivalent of a single apple. For some strange reason, the amount of calories you burn is pretty much unrelated to your lifestyle. Per kilo of body weight, your body has a fixed calorie budget it wants to burn per day. Sure, if you want to gain muscles by pumping iron, you also need to eat more to build and sustain them or your new muscles wither away. But in total, your body keeps your calorie budget per unit of you pretty stable.And to make matters worse, if you want to lose fat your body sabotages you in small and big ways: (Q2) First of all, when you begin to work out regularly, maybe going for a run in the morning, your body may subconsciously make you move less when you don’t pay attention. Maybe you take the elevator instead of the stairs, you sit more when you meet your friends or you sleep longer — largely balancing out your burn again, preventing you from burning much fat. You can overcome this temporarily: If you do actually change your life after sitting around for years and suddenly start working out without eating more, this is a shock to your system. You actually do burn more calories and lose fat — so you can lose a few kilos or pounds through exercise! But this is very short-lived. Your body adapts and burns fewer and fewer extra calories each day until it restores its original calorie budget. After a few months you burn basically the same amount you did when you didn’t work out. Bizarre! And now we are getting to the actual reason why exercise is healthy.Why Your Body is Sabotaging YouSo your body has a hardwired activity budget per day that it wants to stick to. This setting evolved when humans had to move a lot. Not because they wanted to, but because they had to find food for survival. But when food is abundant and exercise is voluntary, what does your body do with the energy that you are not using to move around? We are simplifying a lot here, and this is relatively new science, but in a nutshell: There are many different systems in your body trying to do their job as well as possible. And if there’s extra energy, they seem to use it. Unfortunately, this is bad. When your immune cells detect injuries or infections, they trigger inflammation. Fighter cells, alarm chemicals and fluids flood into your tissue. This is crucial, but it also causes damage, so it needs to be cleaned up quickly or it can become chronic. (Q3) And chronic inflammation is one of the major contributors to many serious diseases, from cancer to heart failure. If your immune system is on a tight budget, it has to be efficient with inflammation — with lots of free calories though, it over-commits.inflammation n. 发炎;炎症Another thing is that your glands produce hormones you don’t need, like cortisol, the stress hormone, which triggers your fight or flight response. Crucial for survival, but if you have too much of it you get, well, very stressed, all the time. Chronic stress is a major cause for a bouquet of health issues including your mental state. gland n. 腺hormone n. 激素;荷尔蒙cortisol n. (生化)皮质醇For our ancestors, who moved a lot and had to deal with sudden bursts of activity, fleeing from a lion, attacking that bison, this cortisol was crucial — but if you live a modern, sedentary lifestyle your body is ready for action that doesn’t happen, hurting itself in the process.bison n. 野牛(分北美野牛和欧洲野牛两类)sedentary adj. 惯于久坐不动的Your body evolved to move regularly and is fine-tuned to a certain base level of activity. If this activity is missing, it still uses almost the identical amount of energy, just on stupid stuff. This is why you burn almost the same amount of calories whether you work out or not — by working out you are not doing anything extra, you are doing what your body is literally made to do.Working out is not a magic bullet, but it seems to restore an internal physical balance that seriously affects your body. And this is also why regular exercise is so incredibly healthy, the evidence is incredibly clear here. It reduces chronic inflammation and stress, it is good for your heart, may ease depression, and makes you live longer and better. Movement is not really made to burn your fat though.Why Humans Are So HungryWhen your ancestors evolved, they had to work hard for calories. Sometimes it would be easy, and they could afford to chill out quite a bit. But in hard times, they had to move quite a bit to feed themselves, walk longer to find prey, or dig longer to find tubers. chill out 放松,冷静If extra movement burned more calories, this would lead to a spiral of starvation. The less food you find, the more energy you need to find food — which doesn’t even fill you up, because you moved more. It’s like taking on more debt when you are in the red. It works for a while, but then you go bankrupt and die. So for your ancestors, being able to move a lot without burning extra calories was a matter of life and death.be in the red 负债,有赤字OK. But this means the obesity epidemic of the modern world is not primarily caused by laziness, but by overeating. Humans evolved to be mad for calories because of our extremely hungry brains and our extremely useless kids. Kids are cute, but unlike other species, human kids have to be fed and cared for by adults for years before they become even remotely useful. (Q4) Because the human brain not only eats up about 20% of all our calories at rest — twice as much as our closest ape relatives’ — it also takes a lot of time to develop through playing, learning and honing social skills — all the things that make us human.hone v. 磨练,训练Our species is so extremely calorie-expensive to maintain that we became super-efficient calorie harvesters. 5 hours of human hunter-gatherer foraging yields between 3,000 and 5,000 calories, while our ape relatives get no more than 1,500 in the same time. And we became so good at calorie harvesting precisely because of our big brains and years of social skill training. forage v. 觅(食)In a typical ancestral tribe, some members would spend the day searching for plants, others hunting or gathering honey, others nurturing kids. And at the end of the day, we’d share the calories so that no one would end up hungry.Being frenetic calorie harvesters seems to be deeply part of what makes us human. It’s not a bug, but a feature. But today, it seems as if that feature has turned on us — we can’t stop overproducing food and overeating. If you want to lose fat, food is the answer. We’ll cover diet in the next part.frenetic adj. 发狂似的;狂乱的So, to conclude: You’ll probably not lose nearly as much fat by working out as you hoped, but you will do something more important: give your body balance and make you more resilient and prevent or delay many of the diseases that will make your life miserable so you can enjoy a higher-quality of life, for much longer.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为“But it turns out that the Hadza burn the same amount of calories per day as a typical person in an industrialized country.”意为:“但事实证明,哈扎人每天消耗的卡路里与工业化国家的普通人相同。” 因此答案为B。Q2. C. 推理题。题目出处为“First of all, when you begin to work out regularly ... your body may subconsciously make you move less when you don’t pay attention.” 意为:“首先,当你开始定期锻炼时……你的身体可能会在你不注意的时候下意识地让你减少活动。” 因此答案为C。Q3. D. 推理题。题目出处为“And chronic inflammation is one of the major contributors to many serious diseases, from cancer to heart failure.” 意为:“慢性炎症是导致多种严重疾病的主要原因之一,这些疾病包括从癌症到心力衰竭。” 因此答案为D。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“Because the human brain not only eats up about 20% of all our calories at rest — twice as much as our closest ape relatives’ — it also takes a lot of time to develop through playing, learning and honing social skills — all the things that make us human.” 意为:“因为人类大脑在休息时不仅消耗所有卡路里的约20%——这是与我们最接近的猿类亲戚的两倍——人类还需要通过玩耍、学习和磨练社交技能来进化很长时间——这些都使我们成为了人。” 因此答案为A。Q5. C. 主旨题。文章主要讨论了为什么仅靠锻炼可能无法有效减肥的原因。因此答案为C。(本文图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评:胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法,在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务,为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中,胡老师精神饱满,着装端庄,形象甜美,教态自然,认真专注,热情友好,充满活力,展现了良好的个人魅力,体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力;综述简洁明了,呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间;授课有明确的目标,以学生为中心,围绕单元主题和语篇意义,突出重点,聚焦难点,讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念,能运用一定的教学理论,遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则,重视语言感知和信息获取,围绕单元主题展开教学,各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力,积极帮助学生通过语篇学习,了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图,努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣,师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能, PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性,形式与内容相吻合,体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系,发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用,增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看,胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确,授课重点突出,内容讲解清晰,活动安排合理,起承转合自然,师生互动自然,课件使用得当,教学效果较好。当然,她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处:授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面,对主题意义的挖掘不够深入;教师个人主导成分太强,讲解和提问过多,学生活动不足,活动形式比较单一;时间把握不够合理,没有时间结尾,匆忙收课,无法安排课后作业和课外活动;授课时间用于教学,缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动,难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中,更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性,关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调,注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一,促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家:梅德明

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌说课

说课点评:在30分钟的准备时间里,读完、理解一篇800多词的商务英语文章,记住文章的结构和要点,设计出一套有理论指导、教学理念清晰、目标合理、结构完整、方法得当,最好再带点创新的教学方案,然后在10分钟的时间里,用英语条理清晰地把它展示出来,这对任何商务英语教师来讲都是一项重大的挑战。潘紫萌老师首先分析了课文,根据内容将其解构成三大部分。选手将第二部分(第3-8段)归纳成 promotion, price and place 和将第三部分(第9段)归纳成对计划进入中国市场的外国企业的忠告,这都是正确的。但是,她把第一部分(第1-2段)归纳成product,进而把前两部分归纳成营销学中著名的4P战略,这种做法有待商榷。因为课文的第1段主要讲两个问题:1)营销战略如何在中国成功,2)这些战略如何根据中国人的喜好以及对产品或服务的认知进行调整,而不是具体的产品。也许是准备的时间非常紧迫,选手对课文的理解和归纳出现了偏差。然后,潘老师分析了学生的特点。在教学模式上,她采取以学生为中心、以产出为导向的教学模式。其教学目标包括商务英语知识、商务技能和伦理价值。在具体的教学方法上,她例举了基于任务的教学、基于讨论的教学、案例教学、学生参与的测评等,并强调要综合利用线上线下教学资源。在学习测评上,她采用师生共同参与的方式,以增强教学效果。至于具体的教学步骤,她采用BOPPPS模式,再加课后作业。以上教学方案应该说中规中矩,显示出潘老师对商务英语教学的理论、模式、方法和测评等各要素有比较全面的了解。潘老师最亮眼的表现是在10分钟的时间里,用流利的英语将其教学方案展现出来,而且条理清晰,相关的教学理论、教学方法、商务知识、商务案例均了然于胸,信手拈来,同时口到手到,同步将所讲内容写到白板上,手起笔落,一气呵成。在提问阶段,潘老师的表现依旧出色,理解到位,回答中肯,表现出较高的英语基本功和商务、人文素养。不过有的回答可以再精炼一些。比如在回答第一个问题时,把EGP,EOP,EAP,ESP 的定义都讲了一遍,有点啰嗦。总而言之,潘紫萌在说课中表现突出,是一位素质比较全面、经验比较丰富的优秀商务英语教师。点评专家:陈准民

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