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From 2002 until 2012, tuition increased by around 39 percent, on average, among public or government-funded universities. Among private universities, it rose around 16 percent on average.2002到2012年，公立大学的学费增长了大约39%，私立大学的学费平均增长了16%。The presidential candidates agree that the cost of education is a problem, but they disagree about what to do about it.总统候选人们认为高学费是个问题，但在如何解决这个问题上他们存有分歧。What do the Democrats propose?民主党人是怎么提议的呢？The two main Democratic contenders are Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. They both have plans for addressing the high cost of education.民主党的两位主要候选人是希拉里•克林顿和伯尼•桑德斯，两人都有解决学费高昂的方案。Hillary Clinton's plan is called the New College Compact.希拉里•克林顿的计划叫做“新大学合约”。The plan calls for giving grants to states. Grants are money given to states from the federal government. They help boost other financial aid to students, and help pay for living costs and tuition.该方案呼吁给各州提供补助金，补助金是联邦政府拨给各州的资金，可以帮助推动给学生其他财政支持，帮助他们支付生活成本和学费。Under Clinton's plan, community colleges would be tuition-free.根据克林顿的方案，社会大学应该完全免费。She also proposes reducing interest rates on student loans, giving support to private colleges, and basing loan repayment on a graduate's income.她还提议减低学生贷款利率，给私立大学提供支持，根据毕业生收入制定还款计划。Clinton says her plan will be paid for by limiting tax spending on wealthy taxpayers. She estimates the cost of the plan would be around $350 billion over 10 years.克林顿说可以通过限制给高收入纳税者提供税收开支来筹资，她估计该计划10年内需大约3500亿美元的资金。Bernie Sanders offers a plan with six steps. The first step is to make tuition free at public colleges and universities. The second step is to stop the federal government from profiting on the interest on student loans.伯尼•桑德斯提出了六步走计划，第一步是实现公立学院和大学免费，第二步是联邦政府停止从学生贷款利息中获利。Other steps include reducing interest rates students pay to borrow money and allowing students to refinance student loans. Sanders also favors need-based financial aid and work study programs.其他步骤包括，降低学生贷款利率，允许学生对学生贷款进行再融资，桑德斯还支持根据需要提供金融支持和勤工俭学项目。Sanders proposes paying for this plan by making 'Wall Street speculators' pay a tax. Sanders estimates the cost of the program to be around $75 billion a year.桑德斯提出通过让“华尔街投机者”纳税来为该方案融资，桑德斯估计该方案每年需要大约750亿美元。"We have a crisis in higher education today. Too many of our young people cannot afford a college education, and many of those who are leaving school are faced with crushing debt."“今天我们在高等教育方面遇到危机，太多的年轻人支付不起大学学费，很多毕业生面临沉重债务负担。”What do the Republican candidates propose?共和党候选人是如何提议的呢？There are three front-runners in the Republican Party: Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, and Donald Trump.共和党有三名领先者：马克罗•鲁比奥、泰德•科鲁兹和唐纳德•特朗普。Rubio is the only one who has officially shown a plan for dealing with high costs.鲁比奥是唯一一位正式提出解决高学费方案的候选人。Rubio says he does not think tax money should support the current higher education system. He also says that universities raise fees too often, and too quickly.鲁比奥说他认为纳税者的钱不应该用来支持目前的高等教育体系，他说大学涨学费频繁。"The higher ed cartel pushes skyrocketing tuition and degrees that don't lead to jobs. Yesterday's leaders want to raise taxes and dump more money into this broken system."“高等教育卡特尔集团将学费和学位推到天价高，结果却找不到工作，昨天的领导人们希望增税，把更多钱补在这个糟糕的体系上。”Rubio's plan proposes that students apply for "Student Investment Plans." These plans would link students to private investors. In return for funding from investors, students would pay back part of their income to those investors for a set number of years.鲁比奥的方案建议学生申请“学生投资计划”，该计划将学生与私人投资者联系起来，学生得到投资者提供的资金后，可以在若干年内把部分收入还给投资者。Unlike loans, students would not have to pay back the full amount that they borrow from private investors. However, they would still have to pay a percentage of their income for the amount of time that they agreed to.与贷款不同的是，学生无需偿还从私人投资者那里借到的全额资金，而是在协议时间内把自己一定比例的收入还给投资者。Repayment based on income after graduation would become standard for student loans, says Rubio's website.鲁比奥的网站上表示，根据毕业生收入制定的还款计划将成为学生贷款的标准。Rubio says higher education in the U.S. needs to fit the economy. He recommends increasing access to career and vocational education, encouraging apprenticeships and on-the-job training, and easing access community and state colleges.鲁比奥说美国的高等教育需要与经济相匹配，他建议推出更多职业培训，鼓励学徒制和在岗培训，让更多人能上社区大学和州立大学学习。Rubio also says he wants to make statistics -- such as graduation rates, average student debt, and the likelihood of employment after graduating -- available to students and families.鲁比奥还说他希望给学生和学生家人提供一些统计数据，比如毕业率、学生平均贷款量、毕业后的就业率等。