全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

教学素材 | 改善睡眠的10个习惯

10 Habits to Improve Your Sleep改善睡眠的10个习惯词汇：CET-6| 句法：CET-4| 文本：考研刘立军 供稿Getting a good night’s sleep is essential for everyone, yet it can often be elusive. Daily stress, irregular schedules, overstimulation, and less-than-ideal sleeping environments all contribute to restless nights. 每个人都需要良好的睡眠，但要实现这一点却往往不容易。日常压力、不规律的作息时间、过度兴奋和不理想的睡眠环境，都会导致夜晚辗转难眠。Over time, this can lead to “sleep debt,” where accumulated hours of missed sleep begin to negatively impact your well-being. However, by adjusting your daily habits, you can create a healthier sleep routine that promotes better rest. 随着时间的推移，这可能会导致“睡眠债务”，即累积的长时间的睡眠不足开始对你的健康产生负面影响。然而，通过调整日常习惯，你可以建立一个更健康的睡眠模式，促进更好的休息。Most adults need between seven to nine hours of sleep each night, though individual needs vary depending on factors like age, health, and lifestyle. Sleep is crucial for processing information, cellular repair, hormone regulation, and maintaining cardiovascular and immune system functions. It also aids in digestion and metabolic regulation. In short, sleep is vital for your body to function optimally. Here are ten habits to help you achieve better sleep at night: 大多数成年人每晚需要七到九小时的睡眠，具体因年龄、健康状况和生活方式等因素而异。睡眠对于信息处理、细胞修复、激素调节以及维持心血管和免疫系统功能至关重要。它还有助于消化和新陈代谢的调节。简而言之，睡眠对于身体的正常运转至关重要。以下是十个帮助你改善夜间睡眠的习惯：1. Create a Restful Environment创造一个舒适的睡眠环境To promote restful sleep, ensure your bedroom is conducive to relaxation. Aim for a quiet, cool, and dark environment. Choose calming colors for your bedding and opt for breathable, comfortable fabrics. Your mattress should be supportive to help your body fully relax. 为了促进良好的睡眠，确保你的卧室能帮助你放松下来。力求创造一个安静、凉爽和黑暗的环境。选择色彩柔和的床上用品，使用透气舒适的面料。你的床垫应该有足够的支撑力，帮助你的身体完全放松。Minimize light exposure by using blackout curtains, and consider a fan or white noise machine to provide soothing background noise. Engaging in calming activities before bed, such as reading or practicing deep breathing exercises, can also help prepare your mind and body for sleep. 使用遮光窗帘，从而尽可能减少光线的干扰，还可以考虑使用风扇或白噪音机来提供舒缓的背景音。在睡前进行一些安静的活动，如阅读或练习深呼吸，也有助于让身心为睡眠做好准备。2. Limit Electronics限制电子设备的使用Electronic devices, like smartphones and tablets, are significant sources of sleep disruption. The blue light emitted by screens strains your eyes and disrupts your circadian rhythm, making it harder for your brain to recognize bedtime. 智能手机和平板电脑等电子设备，是扰乱睡眠的主要来源。屏幕发出的蓝光会导致眼睛疲劳，扰乱你的昼夜节律，使大脑更难识别何时是睡觉的时间。Experts recommend putting away electronics at least an hour before bed. If possible, keep your phone out of the bedroom to avoid temptation. Consider using an analog alarm clock instead of your phone to wake up.专家建议在睡前至少一个小时放下电子设备。如果可能的话，将手机放在卧室外面，以免禁不住诱惑。考虑使用指针式的闹钟而非手机来叫醒你。3. Exercise Regularly定期锻炼Regular exercise can help tire your body, making it easier to fall asleep at night. The Mayo Clinic suggests at least 30 minutes of moderate activity each day. Exercise elevates your heart rate and kickstarts metabolic processes that naturally lead to rest. However, avoid vigorous workouts right before bed, as they can be stimulating. Instead, try gentle stretching or yoga, which can relax your body and help you wind down. 定期锻炼可以帮助你消耗体力，从而更容易入睡。梅奥诊所建议，每天至少进行30分钟的中等强度运动。锻炼可以提高心率，启动代谢过程，自然地引导身体进入休息状态。然而，避免在睡前进行剧烈运动，因为它可能会让你更精神。相反，尝试进行轻柔的拉伸或瑜伽，这有助于放松身体，使你逐渐平静下来。4. Limit Naps限制午睡时间While napping can be tempting, especially when you’re sleep-deprived, excessive daytime sleep can disrupt your body clock and make it harder to sleep at night. 虽然在白天打盹很诱人，尤其是在睡眠不足的情况下，但白天睡得过多会扰乱你的生物钟，使你晚上入睡更加困难。If you do nap, keep it short ― around 20 minutes is ideal. This brief rest can rejuvenate you without interfering with your nighttime sleep. The best time for a nap is early afternoon, shortly after lunch. 如果你需要午睡，尽量睡短一点——理想的时间是20分钟左右。这个短暂的休息可以让你恢复精神，且不会影响晚上的睡眠。下午的早些时候尤其是午饭后不久，是最适合小睡的时间。5. Adjust Your Diet调整饮食Certain foods can promote better sleep. Incorporate fruits, vegetables, lean meats, and whole grains into your diet, as these contain essential vitamins and nutrients. Specific foods like kiwis, tart cherries, rice, nuts, and fatty fish have been shown to aid in sleep. 某些食物可以促进更好的睡眠。在饮食中加入水果、蔬菜、瘦肉和全谷物，这些食物富含必需的维生素和营养素。特定的食物如猕猴桃、酸樱桃、大米、坚果和富含脂肪的鱼类等食物已被证明有助于睡眠。Conversely, avoid caffeine, sugar, and heavy meals close to bedtime. Caffeine and sugar can keep you awake, while heavy meals can cause discomfort and disrupt digestion, making it harder to sleep.与之相对，避免在睡前摄入咖啡因、糖和高热量食物。咖啡因和糖会让你保持清醒，而高热量食物会导致身体不适和消化不良，使你更难入睡。6. Maintain a Sleep Schedule保持固定的睡眠时间表Consistency is key to improving sleep quality. Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Your body thrives on routine, and sticking to a regular sleep schedule helps reinforce your natural sleep-wake cycle. Establishing a bedtime ritual, such as reading or taking a bath, can also signal to your brain that it’s time to wind down. 保证睡眠时间的一致性是改善睡眠质量的关键。尽量每天在同一时间上床睡觉和起床，即使在周末也要如此。你的身体依赖于规律的作息，坚持一个固定的睡眠时间表有助于强化你的自然睡眠和清醒周期。建立一个睡前仪式，如阅读或洗澡，也可以向你的大脑发出睡眠的信号。7. Limit Activities in Bed限制床上的活动Reserve your bed for sleep and relaxation to strengthen the association between your bed and restfulness. Avoid working, eating, or engaging in other stimulating activities in bed, as this can make it harder to switch off at night. By limiting activities in bed to sleep (and perhaps light reading), you train your brain to recognize that being in bed means it’s time to rest. 将床作为睡觉和放松的专属空间，以强化床与睡眠之间的关联。不要在床上工作、吃饭或进行其他会使你亢奋的活动，这些活动可能使你更难入睡。将床上活动限制为睡眠（或轻松阅读），你就可以训练大脑认识到躺在床上就意味着该休息了。8. Manage Stress管理压力 Stress is a significant contributor to sleep problems. To sleep better, work on managing your stress levels during the day. Techniques like journaling, meditation, and maintaining an organized environment can help reduce anxiety and clear your mind before bed. By addressing stressors during the day, you can approach bedtime with a calm, relaxed mindset. 压力是导致睡眠问题的一个重要因素。为了睡得更好，你要在白天管理好自己的压力。写日记、冥想以及保持环境整洁有序，这些小技巧可以帮助你减轻焦虑，在睡前放空思绪。在白天处理好了压力源，你就可以带着平静和放松的心态进入睡眠时间。9. Get Outside接触自然光Exposure to natural light helps regulate your circadian rhythm, making it easier to fall asleep at night. Aim for at least 30 minutes of sunlight each day, whether by taking a walk outside or keeping your blinds open during the day. If natural light is scarce, consider using a light therapy lamp to simulate sunlight and maintain your body’s internal clock. 接触自然光有助于调节你的昼夜节律，使你在晚上更容易入睡。每天至少要感受30分钟的阳光，可以通过外出散步或在白天打开窗帘来实现。如果自然光不足，考虑使用光疗灯来模拟阳光，维持身体的生物钟正常运作。10. Keep a Sleep Diary写睡眠日记If you’re still struggling with sleep, consider keeping a sleep diary. Record your bedtime, wake time, and any interruptions during the night, along with details about your daily activities, diet, and stress levels. Over time, you may notice patterns that reveal how your habits affect your sleep. This insight can guide you in making the necessary adjustments to improve your sleep quality. 如果你仍难以入眠，可以考虑开始写睡眠日记。记录你的就寝时间、起床时间以及夜间的任何干扰，同时记录你的日常活动、饮食和压力水平。随着时间的推移，你可能会发现一些模式，揭示你的习惯是如何影响睡眠的。这些发现可以指导你进行必要的调整，以改善睡眠质量。By adopting these ten habits, you can create a sleep routine that supports better rest, helping you wake up refreshed and ready to take on the day. 通过养成这十种习惯，你可以建立一个有助于你休息得更好的睡眠习惯，让你醒来时精神焕发，准备好迎接全新的一天。【词汇】1. elusive adj. 难以捉摸的，难以实现的 2. cardiovascular adj. 心血管的3. metabolic adj. 新陈代谢的4. conducive adj. 有助于……的；有益于……的5. circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的6. The Mayo Clinic 梅奥诊所，现更名为妙佑医疗国际。它是美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特的一所医疗机构，常年在各大权威报道中位列世界排名第一。 7. kickstart v. 促使……开始8. rejuvenate v. 使年轻，使更有活力9. kiwi n.（同kiwi fruit）猕猴桃10. tart cherry 酸樱桃（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 一种神奇的写作，助你探寻未知的自我

一种神奇的写作，助你探寻未知的自我A Writing Exercise to Help You Meet Yourself常速 | 考研 易 | 476词 | 3min14s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the talk and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the traditional philosophy of writing prioritize?A. Conveying raw emotions.B. Achieving coherence and polish.C. Speed and spontaneity.D. Ignoring spelling errors.Q2. How does ‘automatic writing’ approach the task differently compared to traditional methods?A. It emphasizes logical structure.B. It encourages excessive revisions.C. It focuses on writing quickly without self-censorship.D. It aims for grammatical perfection.Q3. According to the text, how does one perform the automatic writing exercise?A. By picking an emotional topic and writing continuously for two minutes.B. By selecting a trivial topic and writing slowly.C. By taking frequent pauses and corrections.D. By reading extensively before writing.Q4. What can be inferred about the role of societal norms in the suppression of true feelings?A. Societal norms encourage honest self-expression.B. Societal norms contribute to anxiety and depression by suppressing true thoughts.C. Societal norms have no impact on individual emotions.D. Societal norms promote a healthy emotional state.Q5. What is the main benefit of automatic writing according to the text?A. Creating literary masterpieces.B. Enhancing logical thinking and public speaking skills.C. Improving vocabulary and grammar.D. Releasing suppressed emotions and understanding true thoughts.Part II. TRANSCRIPTA Writing Exercise to Help You Meet Yourself(Q1) Usually, when we set out to write, sounding coherent and polished are our central priorities. We may think hard before setting anything down, we keep an eye on spelling, we may go back and correct words that feel not entirely right ― all in the hope of eventually reaching a point where what we have articulated seems accurately to reflect what we truly think.polished adj. 完美无缺的；炉火纯青的But there is another philosophy of writing at large, this one with a very different thesis as to what ‘good’ writing might be like. While also believing that the ultimate ambition of writing should be the expression of our genuine thoughts, this technique proposes that our best chances of reaching such thoughts lies in making every effort not to think too much, not to agonize about every word, not to go back and correct anything ― and instead, (Q2) just to write down everything that comes into our minds the very moment it does so, without any interest in seeming logical, elegant, clever or even very sane.at large 整个；全部(Q3) This approach, known as ‘automatic writing’, asks us to begin by picking an important emotional topic ― for example, ‘My Mother’, or ‘My Father’, ‘My Partner’ or ‘What I Really Want’ ― and then writing as fast as we possibly can, for two minutes straight, without a single pause, which can feel like a very exhausting and peculiar requirement indeed.When we stand back and read what has tumbled out of us, our feelings about our parents, partners or desires may emerge as really very different from what we had presumed. We might find that we hate where we had expected love; or love where we had imagined disdain. We might discover layers of longing, envy, rage or sadness that we had kept at bay day to day in the name of appearing that most stultifying and dangerous of things: normal.tumble v. 跌落，翻滚而下disdain n. 鄙视；蔑视keep … at bay 不让（敌人）接近；防止（问题）恶化stultifying adj. 使人感到乏味的，使人感觉迟钝的The value of the exercise lies precisely in the extent to which our automatic writing introduces us to feelings that are at odds with those we ordinarily dare to entertain. Much of what we are is dammed up inside us by scruples, by a fear of hurting others, by an embarrassment as to what we want when it departs from the expected path. (Q4) Yet this neglect of our true selves is also what powers our anxiety, irritability, insomnia and depression, all of these species of revenge for the real thoughts we have been so careful not to allow into our conscious minds.be at odds with …与……不一致dam up 阻止，抑制scruple n. 顾忌，顾虑irritability n. 易怒，烦躁Automatic writing will not make us into ‘great’ writers; but it will do something far more useful still: (Q5) it will liberate us from some of the insincerities that are making us more troubled and restless than we should be. Our chaotic intense two-minute essays will help us to meet the person we have been, but were too scared to get to know, all along.chaotic adj. 混乱的，无秩序的Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Usually, when we set out to write, sounding coherent and polished are our central priorities.” 意为：“通常，当我们开始写作时，让文章看起来条理清晰和语言优美是我们最主要的关注点。” 因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为：“... just to write down everything that comes into our minds the very moment it does so, without any interest in seeming logical, elegant, clever or even very sane.” 意为：“……仅仅是把脑海中浮现的一切东西即时地写下来，而不关心是否显得合乎逻辑、优雅、聪明甚至是否理智。” 因此答案为C。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为：“... asks us to begin by picking an important emotional topic ... and then writing as fast as we possibly can, for two minutes straight, without a single pause.” 意为：“……要求我们选择一个重要的情感主题……然后尽可能快速地连续写两分钟，不停顿。” 因此答案为A。Q4. B. 推理题。题目出处为：“Yet this neglect of our true selves is also what powers our anxiety, irritability, insomnia and depression ...”，意为：“然而，这种对真实自我的忽视也是导致焦虑、烦躁、失眠和抑郁的原因之一……” 因此可以推断出，社会规范通过压抑我们的真实想法而导致我们自身出现焦虑和抑郁情绪。因此答案为B。Q5. D. 主旨题。文中主要讨论了自动写作对释放被压抑的情感和理解自身真实想法的作用。题目出处为：“... it will liberate us from some of the insincerities that are making us more troubled and restless than we should be. Our chaotic intense two-minute essays will help us to meet the person we have been, but were too scared to get to know, all along.” 意为：“……它将使我们摆脱一些伪装，正是这些伪装让我们一直变得更加烦恼和不安。我们所写下的混乱而激烈的两分钟随笔，将帮助我们认识自我，这个自我一直存在，但我们却一直不敢去了解。”因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

教学素材 | 情感之旅：我们经历的多种情绪

The Many Moods We Pass Through情感之旅：我们经历的多种情绪词汇：考研| 句法：四级| 文本：考研刘立军 供稿Often we overlook the fact that our emotions are as transient as the skies above, a truth seemingly etched in the cosmos since our creation. Our spirits are in a state of perpetual motion, mirroring the restless parade of weather systems across a fickle sky. 我们常常忽视一个事实：我们的情绪就像头顶的天空一样变幻无常，这一真相似乎自我们诞生之日起就被铭刻在宇宙之中。我们的精神处于不断变化的状态，就像变幻莫测的天空中不断变化的天气系统。Thus, permanence is an illusion: a peaceful, beautiful day will likely be succeeded by a gloomy one, a tranquil morning by a tempestuous afternoon, and a fierce storm by a calm sunset. 因此，永恒只是一种幻觉：平静美好的一天很可能会紧跟着阴郁的一天，宁静的早晨可能会紧跟着狂风暴雨的下午，猛烈的风暴可能会紧跟着平静的日落。We persistently seek stability, as if we were unyielding stone. We assert our beliefs, preferences, and desires as if they were unchangeable. Yet, life has a way of challenging these assertions with a headache, a sleepless night, digestive issues, a fleeting moment of joy, a surge of energy, or a pang of conscience, turning our world upside down. 我们不断地寻求稳定性，就好像我们是坚不可摧的石头一样。我们坚定地表达我们的信仰、喜好和愿望，就好像它们是不可改变的。然而，生活总是通过头痛、难眠之夜、消化问题、片刻欢愉、能量爆发或良心刺痛等方式来挑战这些说法，把我们的世界掀翻过来。We must move with more caution, quietly acknowledging the provisional nature of our convictions. This job seems to make perfect sense for now. I feel I’ve figured things out for now. This is who I am for now. Our emotional landscape can shift dramatically with minor fluctuations in our serotonin levels. 我们必须更加谨慎地行事，默默承认我们的信念其实是暂时的。这份工作看起来很合适，但只是现在。我觉得自己把事情都想清楚了，但只是现在。这就是我，但只是现在。我们的整个情绪状态可能会随着血清素水平的轻微波动而发生显著变化。There’s a humorous interplay between the body and the mind, a dance between our higher cognitive functions and our basic physiological needs. We might believe our views on politics or love, our judgments on literature or friendships, are founded on solid, unbiased ground. Yet, we often fail to recognize how much our convictions are influenced by the most basic of factors, such as sleep or blood sugar levels. We might solemnly declare life not worth living, only to realize later that what we needed was rest or a glass of orange juice. 身体和心灵之间存在着一种幽默的互动，就像是一场我们高级认知功能与基本生理需求之间的舞蹈。我们可能认为我们对政治或爱情的观点、对文学或友谊的判断是建立在坚实、无偏见的基础之上的。然而，我们往往没有意识到，我们的信念在多大程度上受到睡眠或血糖水平等最基本因素的影响。我们可能会庄严地宣布生活不值得继续过下去，但后来才意识到，我们所需要的可能只是一场休息或一杯橙汁。By keeping this in mind, we can be more compassionate and understanding towards those around us. Their midnight confessions of hatred or never wanting to see a loved one again might simply be a sign that it’s late, and a heavy meal at that hour was unwise. 记住这一点，我们对周围的人就更能共情，更能理解他们。他们深夜倾诉对某人的憎恨，或者再也不愿见到所爱之人等等，可能仅仅是因为夜深了，而在那个时候吃一顿油腻大餐是不明智的。Recognizing our emotional complexity is especially helpful during dark moments when our inner sky is devoid of hope. With experience, we learn that even if we can’t see a way out at the moment, if we patiently wait, something will eventually come to disperse the clouds of despair. And when we’re on the mountaintops of joy, unable to fathom why we ever felt sadness, we should remember that life’s seasons change, and autumn’s winds will come. 在我们的内心天空一片绝望的黑暗时刻，认识到情绪的复杂性尤其有帮助。凭借经验，我们了解到即使目前看不到出路，如果耐心等待，绝望的乌云终会被驱散。而当我们处于喜悦之巅，无法理解为何自己曾经感到悲伤时，应该记得，生活的季节总会变迁，秋风终将吹拂而来。We falter by prematurely etching our identity in stone, declaring “this is me and always will be.” But life is more like a series of weather events ― a heatwave, a squall, a shower, an Indian summer. We desire constancy, but we are more like air and water, gas and heat, currents and fronts. We should approach our beliefs with a healthy, amused skepticism, always ready with an umbrella for life’s unpredictable storms. 我们过早地将自己的身份刻板化，宣称“这就是我，永远都是”，从而踉跄前行。但生活更像是一系列气候变化——热浪、暴风雨、阵雨或是深秋的回暖天。我们渴望稳定，但我们更像是空气和水、气体和热量、洋流和气团。我们应该以一种健康、带一点幽默的怀疑态度来看待我们的信念，随时准备好一把伞，来应对生活中不可预测的风暴。【词汇】1. etch v. 雕刻，铭记2. fickle adj. 多变的，不稳定的3. permanence n. 永久，持久4. tempestuous adj. 暴风雨般的，动荡的5. fleeting adj. 短暂的，一闪而过的6. provisional adj. 临时的，暂时的7. serotonin n. 血清素（神经递质，亦影响情绪等）8. interplay n. 相互影响，相互作用9. devoid adj. 缺乏的，完全没有的10. fathom v. 理解，彻底明白11. falter v. 蹒跚，犹豫，畏缩不前12. squall n. 狂风暴雨，突然的一阵13. Indian summer 深秋初冬季节的一段异常温暖的时期，给人带来意外的温暖和舒适。14. constancy n. 恒定性，不变性（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 微塑料有害吗

VOA慢速：微塑料有害吗Are Microplastics Harmful? 慢速 | 高考 偏难 | 425词 | 4min39s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What are microplastics and where can they be found, according to the text?A. They are natural sea organisms found only in oceans.B. They are tiny plastic pieces found in oceans, air, food, and human body tissues.C. They are a type of food additive used in processed foods.D. They are synthetic materials found only in manufactured products.Q2. What do some researchers believe about microplastics and human health?A. There is definitive evidence that microplastics harm human health.B. There are no concerns about microplastics and human health.C. There are concerns about potential health effects, but no clear evidence yet.D. Microplastics are beneficial to human health.Q3. What can be inferred about the current state of research on microplastics?A. It is in its early stages, and comprehensive conclusions about health effects are yet to be reached.B. It has definitively proved that microplastics are harmless.C. It has been extensively studied for decades with clear guidelines established.D. It shows that microplastics are beneficial for improving heart health.Q4. What is the primary focus of the text?A. The benefits of microplastics in daily life.B. The manufacturing process of microplastics.C. The presence and potential health effects of microplastics.D. Scientific advancements in plastic recycling.Q5. According to the text, how can people reduce their exposure to microplastics?A. By taking vitamins that reduce microplastics.B. By using plastic bottles and containers.C. By eating out frequently.D. By taking off shoes before entering the home and not heating food in plastic containers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTAre Microplastics Harmful?(Q1) Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.(Q2/4) Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.Manufacturers mostly use oil or other petroleum products to make plastic. The material is used to make a huge number of different products: water bottles, car parts, children’s playthings, clothing, electronics and more. Heat, weather, and even animal digestion break down plastic into smaller and smaller pieces.Microplastics can be 5 millimeters long at most or as small as one micrometer. A micrometer is one-one thousandth of a millimeter. Microplastics have been found in salt, sugar, honey, rice and seafood. They have also been found in milk, soil, and drinking water.micrometer n. 微米 Researchers disagree about how much plastic people might be breathing in or taking in as food and drink. Still, many studies find evidence of plastics in body tissues.Tracey Woodruff is a researcher at the University of California at San Francisco. She said, “Microplastics have been measured in pretty much all of the body tissues that have been evaluated.”Scientists are still trying to answer the question of how harmful microplastics might be. In 2022, a World Health Organization report found no clear risk to human health, based on the available evidence.There is also not clear evidence of widespread public health effects.(Q3) However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects. Woodruff of U.C. San Francisco said it makes sense that microplastics are harmful because they contain poisonous chemicals. The researcher was part of an investigative team that examined nearly 2,000 studies about microplastics at the request of California state lawmakers.Some evidence suggests plastics can increase inflammation and other changes in the body. Such changes could increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.inflammation n. 炎症 Researchers say there are ways to reduce possible contact with microplastics.(Q5) Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside. Eat foods ― especially fresh fruits and vegetables ― that you prepare at home. Do not heat foods in plastic containers, Woodruff said. And, she added, use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.I’m Andrew Smith. Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：“Extremely small pieces of plastic called microplastics are in the ocean and the air, as well as in our food and water. Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 意为：“极小的塑料碎片被称为微塑料，它们存在于海洋和空气以及我们的食物和水中。科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”因此答案为B。Q2. C. 细节题。题目出处为：“Some researchers worry that microplastics harm human health, although they say that science has not found clear evidence of that. Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.” 意为：“一些研究人员担心微塑料会危害人类健康，尽管他们表示科学尚未发现明确证据。不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康造成的影响，仍有许多问题有待解答。”因此答案为C。Q3. A. 推理题。题目出处为：“However, researchers only recently began to measure plastic levels in the human body and learn about their possible effects.”意为：但是，研究人员最近才开始测量人体内的塑料水平并了解其可能的影响。”因此可以推断出，对于微塑料对健康影响的研究还处于早期阶段，尚未得出全面结论。因此答案为A。Q4. C. 主旨题。本文主要讨论了微塑料的存在以及它可能对健康产生的影响。题目出处为：“Scientific study has discovered microplastics in human body tissues also, including the heart, liver and kidneys.” 和“Still, they say questions remain about the possible health effects of microplastics.”意为：“科学研究还发现，微塑料存在于人体组织中，包括心脏、肝脏和肾脏。”以及“不过，他们表示，关于微塑料可能对健康产生的影响，仍然有问题尚待解答。”因此答案为C。Q5. D. 细节题。题目出处为：“Take off your shoes before you go into your home. This helps prevent the spread of microplastics inside... Do not heat foods in plastic containers… use metal or glass water bottles, instead of plastic.”意为：“进家门之前脱鞋，这有助于防止微塑料在室内扩散……不要在塑料容器中加热食物……使用金属或玻璃水瓶，而不是塑料。”因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 小居室如何工作休息两不误？

VOA慢速：小居室如何工作休息两不误？Work, Sleep Well in a Small Place慢速 | CET-4偏易 | 846词 | 8min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What can make it difficult to get a good night’s sleep in a studio apartment?A. Lack of furniture.B. High cost of living.C. External noise from the street.D. The combined use of the room for living, cooking, and sleeping.Q2. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To describe the history of studio apartments.B. To advise on how to work and sleep well in a small apartment.C. To compare different types of bedding materials.D. To explain the cost of living in large cities.Q3. What are Murphy beds used for in studio apartments according to Andrea Morris?A. To provide additional storage.B. To improve room ventilation.C. To make more room during the dayD. To create a separate kitchen area.Q4. What does Jeff Kahn suggest to help the brain associate your bed with sleep?A. Avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.B. Use special pillows during sleep.C. Avoid eating in bed.D. Keep the room's temperature cool.Q5. What can be inferred about the importance of air quality in a small apartment?A. It can be ignored in favor of light control.B. It is less important than room décor.C. Good air flow and possible use of an air purifier are essential.D. It is only important if you do not cook in the same space.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWork, Sleep Well in a Small PlaceWorking from home in a small apartment is fine during the day. But when nighttime comes, it may be more difficult to turn off work and get a good night’s sleep.(Q1) This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room. These kinds of apartments are common in large cities with a high cost of living.With electronics, kitchen items, clothes and books all in one space, it can be hard to create a restful place for sleep.(Q2) Kim Cook, a reporter for the Associated Press, asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.Be honest about how you liveEveryone needs good sleep to stay healthy.“The primary rule, maybe the only rule of small space design, is people have to be honest about how they really live,” says Olivia Hosken. She is deputy managing editor of House Beautiful.She adds that when you have limited space, you need furniture that works well in the room.A good bed is important for good sleepShe suggests spending money on a high-quality bed. Even better is a high-quality sleep sofa that can double as a bed and couch. She does not suggest big tables or chairs that you may not use.Andrea Morris is an interior designer with Lancaster Place Interiors in Wilmington, North Carolina. (Q3) For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds, named after William Murphy. He came up with this idea in 1900 while living in his own studio apartment in San Francisco, California.Create a sleep areaTo separate your sleep area from the rest of the apartment, you can purchase a freestanding screen or room divider. And as much as you can, keep your sleep area strictly for sleeping, experts say.Jeff Kahn is co-founder of the Chicago-based sleep-research company Rise Science. His company developed a sleep-tracking app called Rise. (Q4) His suggestion is to “avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.” He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.However, that is not always possible. If you use your bed during the daytime, you can do small things to keep your daytime tasks and sleep separate. Lisa Strauss is a psychologist and expert in sleep disorders. She suggests using one side of the bed for reading and the other for sleeping. You can also bring out special blankets and pillows used only for sleeping. Freshen the air. Lower the lights. Cut the noise.Kahn also suggests keeping a clean, peaceful environment. For starters, he says to make sure the air flow is good.(Q5) “Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” says Kahn. He adds that this is especially important if you cook and sleep in the same place.ventilated adj. 通风的Another interior expert is Mia Ingui. She is editor at Spruce, a home design website. She suggests using calming smells like lavender or chamomile at bedtime, to “set the tone for restful sleep.”lavender n. 薰衣草chamomile n. 洋甘菊Also, be sure that computer, TV, and other electronic screens are turned off. In a small room, these devices are probably a short distance from the bed. Their light at night can affect our internal clocks, or circadian rhythm.circadian adj. 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的Do not forget about the sounds these devices make. If the buzz of nearby devices, appliances, or street sounds keep you awake, consider a noise machine. Ingui likes the Hatch Restore, a “sunrise lamp” that provides soothing sounds and lights up slowly in the morning. You can also buy noise cancelling curtains. These cut down on outside noises.buzz n. 嗡嗡声soothing adj. 抚慰的，使人宽心的Keep things clean and organizedAndrea Morris, the home designer, says one thing to avoid when it comes to studio living is leaving beds unmade.“It’s amazing how much better you feel after a hard day entering a space with a made bed,” she said.At night, she suggests putting away electronics. Side tables with plugs and ports for electronics help you store devices and keep things tidy ― or organized and clean. This is another example of choosing furniture that has multiple uses.Choose multi-use, storable beddingIf it difficult to control your studio apartment’s heating and cooling, Ingui recommends choosing materials for bedding that let the skin breathe. Such materials can keep you cool in warm weather and warm in cooler temperatures.She also suggests buying several pieces of bedding that are easy to store rather than big, bulky blankets. Studio apartments often do not have a lot of storage.With some thoughtful choices, your small space can have the feeling we all want from home life: calm, clean and good for both working and sleeping.Part III. KEYQ1. D. 细节题。题目出处为“This can be especially difficult in a studio apartment. In a studio apartment, the living room, kitchen and sleeping area are all in one room.” 意为：“这（即睡个好觉）在一居室公寓内会变得尤其困难，因为一居室公寓的客厅、厨房和睡眠区都在一个房间内。” 因此答案为D。Q2. B. 主旨题。题目出处为：“… asked sleep experts and interior design experts for advice on how to work productively and sleep well in a small one-room area.” 意为：“咨询睡眠专家和室内设计专家如何在一个小房间内有效工作和获得良好睡眠。”因此答案为B。Q3. C. 细节题。题目出处为“For studio apartments, she likes wall beds. These can be folded up next to a wall when not in use. They are better known as Murphy beds.” 意为：“对于单间公寓，她喜欢壁床。这些床不用时可以折叠靠墙。它们更为人熟知的名字是墨菲床。” 因此答案为C。Q4. A. 细节题。题目出处为“His suggestion is to ‘avoid doing work or anything stressful from your bed.’ He said that this helps the brain connect your bed with only sleep rather than wakefulness and work.” 意为：“他的建议是‘避免在床上工作或做任何会产生压力的事情。’他说，这样有助于大脑将床与睡眠而非与清醒和工作联系起来。”因此答案为A。Q5. C. 推理题。题目出处为“Make sure your space is well ventilated, and consider an air purifier,” 意为：“确保你的房间通风良好，并考虑使用空气净化器。” 因此可以推断出良好的空气流通和使用空气净化器是很重要的。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

新闻听力 | 新研究显示火星存在大型地下海洋

VOA慢速：新研究显示火星存在大型地下海洋New Study Suggests Mars Has Large Underground Ocean慢速 | CET-4 中等 | 655词 | 6min19s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What was the primary purpose of NASA’s InSight Lander’s mission on Mars?A. To gather data about atmospheric composition.B. To capture data from within the planet’s interior.C. To explore potential human habitats.D. To photograph surface features.Q2. According to the study, where is the liquid water on Mars most likely located?A. On the surface of Mars.B. Between 11 to 20 kilometers beneath the crust.C. In the planet’s polar ice caps.D. In underground caverns close to the surface.Q3. What conclusion did the researchers draw about the presence of liquid water and the potential for life on Mars based on Earth analogs?A. Liquid water on Mars is too deep to support any form of life.B. Life on Earth in extreme environments is unique and can’t be compared.C. Earth’s deep subsurface microbial life suggests similar possibilities for Mars.D. Liquid water likely exists only in isolated pockets, making life unlikely.Q4. What major challenge is highlighted regarding the confirmation of liquid water deep beneath Mars’ surface?A. Mars lacks a magnetic field to protect water deposits.B. There are no existing maps to pinpoint potential water locations.C. The water is believed to be contaminated with toxic substances.D. The essential equipment to drill that deep is currently unavailable.Q5. What does the study suggest regarding the Martian water cycles and climate development?A. Understanding Martian water cycles could provide insights into the planet’s climate history.B. Mars had little to no water cycles historically.C. Mars’ water cycles are primarily influenced by its polar ice caps.D. Martian water cycles are similar to those on Venus.Part II. TRANSCRIPTNew Study Suggests Mars Has Large Underground OceanA new study provides evidence that Mars contains a large ocean deep beneath its surface.The finding is based on data collected by the InSight Lander, a robotic explorer operated by the American space agency NASA. (Q1) InSight, which landed in 2018, was designed to capture data from within the planet’s interior. The lander ended its operations on Mars in late 2022.For the current study, researchers used seismic data collected by InSight. The team examined the data to study Martian quake activity. Seismic activity on Mars happens in the form of “marsquakes.” NASA says InSight had recorded more than 1,300 marsquakes.seismic adj. 地震的；因地震引起的The device InSight uses to measure ground movements is called a seismometer. NASA specially designed the lander and its instruments to be extremely sensitive for the Martian environment. The seismic data suggests liquid water exists deep beneath the ground where InSight operated from.seismometer n. 地震仪；测震仪Since water is considered necessary to support life, scientists say the presence of it on Mars leaves open the possibility that some form of life might exist, or existed there in the past.Numerous past studies have also provided evidence that liquid water could exist on Mars. Scientists have already uncovered evidence that about 3 billion years ago, the surface of Mars likely had an active system of lakes, rivers and oceans.Mars is believed to have lost its surface water as its atmosphere thinned. This likely turned the planet into the dry, dusty world it is today. Scientists have theorized that much of the ancient water escaped out into space or remained buried under the surface.theorize v. 推理，推测Water below Martian crustVashan Wright is an assistant professor of Geophysics at the University of California San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He helped lead the research. (Q2) Wright told The Associated Press the data suggests liquid water sits between 11 to 20 kilometers down in the Martian crust. He added that the water likely moved down from the surface billions of years ago when water is believed to have flowed freely on Mars.geophysics n. 地球物理学oceanography n. 海洋学crust n. 地壳The researchers combined computer models with the seismic data collected by InSight to reach their findings. They said the data showed the water is likely contained in a deep layer of igneous rock beneath the Martian surface. Igneous rock is formed from magma, a very hot liquid rock that has cooled.igneous adj.（地质）火成的；似火的magma n. 岩浆；熔岩Wright and his team recently reported their results in a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.(Q3) In a statement to Reuters news agency, Wright said, “On Earth what we know is where it is wet enough and there are enough sources of energy, there is microbial life very deep in Earth’s subsurface.” He added that the data suggests “the ingredients for life as we know it” may exist in the Martian subsurface.microbial adj. 微生物的；由微生物引起的The researchers said the InSight lander operated around the planet’s Elysium Planitia area, near the equator. They believe the area is representative of the rest of Mars. The study suggests enough water exists below the surface to form a planet-wide ocean about 1 to 2 kilometers deep.Better understanding of Martian water cyclesThere is currently no way to confirm the study’s suggested existence of liquid water because it sits so far beneath the Martian surface. (Q4) Such a confirmation would require large drills and other specialized equipment.(Q5) But Wright said in a statement that for now, researchers can use the newly examined data to gain a better understanding of Martian water cycles. This can help scientists improve their knowledge about the planet’s climate as well as the development of the Martian surface and interior. Wright noted the latest findings could also help guide researchers in where to look for further evidence of possible life forms on Mars.“I’m inspired and I hope the public is also inspired,” Wright said about the study results. “Humans can work together to put instruments on a planet and try to understand what’s going on there.”Part III. KEYQ1. B.细节题。题目出处为“InSight, which landed in 2018, was designed to capture data from within the planet’s interior.”意为：“InSight于2018年着陆，旨在从火星内部收集数据。”因此答案为B。Q2. B.细节题。题目出处为“Wright told The Associated Press the data suggests liquid water sits between 11 to 20 kilometers down in the Martian crust.”意为：“Wright告诉美联社，数据显示液态水位于火星地壳以下11到20公里处。”因此答案为B。Q3. C.推理题。题目出处为“In a statement to Reuters news agency, Wright said, ‘On Earth what we know is where it is wet enough and there are enough sources of energy, there is microbial life very deep in Earth’s subsurface.’”意为：“在对路透社的声明中，Wright说，在地球上，我们知道在足够潮湿并且有足够能量来源的地方，在地球的深层存在微生物生命。”由此可推断，地球深层存在微生物生命表明火星也可能存在类似的可能性。因此答案为C。Q4. D.细节题。题目出处为“Such a confirmation would require large drills and other specialized equipment.”意为：“要确认这个需要大型钻机和其他专业设备。”因此答案为D。Q5. A.细节题。题目出处为“… researchers can use the newly examined data to gain a better understanding of Martian water cycles. This can help scientists improve their knowledge about the planet’s climate as well as the development of the Martian surface and interior.”意为：“……研究人员可以利用新检测来的数据来更好地了解火星的水循环。这可以帮助科学家们提高对火星气候以及火星表面和内部演化的了解。”因此答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

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