全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程4的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

教学素材 | 如何战胜对失败的恐惧

How to Break through Your Fear of Failure 如何战胜对失败的恐惧 词汇 | CET-4 | 句法CET-4 | 文本CET-6刘立军 供稿Failure is a normal part of life. Everyone experiences it, especially when stepping outside of their comfort zone. Despite being common, failure feels overwhelming because it is tied to negative emotions like shame and disappointment. However, the real issue may not be failure itself but the fear of failing. 失败是生活的一部分。每个人都会经历，尤其是在走出舒适区的时候。尽管失败很普遍，但它带来的负面情绪如羞耻和失望等等让人感到难以承受。然而，真正的问题可能不是失败本身，而是对失败的恐惧。Reframe Your Fear 重新定义你的恐惧 It’s important to ask yourself why you are afraid of failure. Are you worried about others’ opinions, losing a job, or not achieving your goals? Failure can damage your self-esteem and confidence, but it’s part of growth. Instead of seeing failure as an end, think of it as a learning opportunity. 重要的是要问自己为什么害怕失败。你是在担心别人的眼光，失去工作，还是无法实现自己的目标？失败可能会损害你的自尊和自信，但它同时也是成长的一部分。与其将失败视为终点，不如把它看作是一次学习的机会。For example, if you didn’t get a job you wanted, this setback could be a chance to improve your skills and find a better fit. If you miss a deadline, it can teach you to manage your time better. By analyzing what went wrong, you can turn failure into a stepping stone for success. 例如，如果你没有得到想要的工作，这次挫折可能是一个提升技能并找到更合适机会的契机。如果你错过了一个截止日期，这可以教会你更好地管理时间。通过分析是哪里出了问题，你可以把失败转变为通往成功的垫脚石。Changing your mindset is key. Rather than fearing failure, view it as part of the process of learning and improvement. This shift can make you stronger and more resilient. 改变心态是关键。不要害怕失败，而是把它视为学习和提升的一部分。这种心态的转变会让你变得更强大、更有韧性。Visualize Success 设想成功 Fear often leads to self-doubt and procrastination. To overcome this, train your mind to focus on positive thoughts. Replace negative thinking with positive affirmations. For instance, athletes use visualization techniques to improve performance. By mentally picturing success, they enhance their physical skills.恐惧常常会导致自我怀疑和拖延。为了克服这一点，要训练你的思维专注于积极的想法。用积极的肯定来代替消极的思考。例如，运动员使用视觉化技巧来提升自己的成绩。通过在脑海中描绘成功的场景，他们能够增强自己的运动技能。You can do the same. Try visualizing yourself achieving your goals. Be specific and use your senses to imagine success vividly. You can also create vision boards with images and words that represent your goals to keep you motivated. Visualizing your achievements can help you stay focused and reduce fear. 你也可以这样做。尝试想象自己达成目标时的情景。具体一些，用感官生动地想象成功时的各种细节。你还可以制作一个愿景板，上面贴满代表你目标的图片和文字，以保持动力。想象自己达成目标可以帮助你保持专注，减少恐惧。Surround Yourself with Supportive People 与支持你的人为伴 Having supportive friends and mentors is crucial in overcoming fear. Real friends offer encouragement and can help you stay motivated, even during tough times. They can also provide honest feedback, helping you navigate challenges and improve. 拥有支持你的朋友和导师对于克服恐惧至关重要。真正的朋友不仅会在你遇到困难时给予鼓励，帮助你保持进取心，还会提供真诚的反馈，帮你应对挑战并不断进步。Supportive relationships make failure less daunting. When others believe in you, it becomes easier to believe in yourself and keep going after setbacks. 支持性的关系使失败显得不那么可怕。当他人对你有信心时，你也会更容易相信自己，并在遭遇挫折后继续前进。Take Action 采取行动 Fear of failure can paralyze you, making it hard to take action. However, taking small steps helps build confidence and reduces fear. Start with manageable tasks, and as you achieve them, you’ll feel more capable. Focus on progress rather than perfection. Remember, failure is not the end ― it’s part of the journey toward success. 对失败的恐惧可能会让你停滞不前，难以采取行动。然而，通过一步步采取行动，你可以逐渐建立信心，减少恐惧。从容易处理的任务开始，随着你逐步完成它们，你会感觉自己更有能力。专注于进步而不是完美。记住，失败并不是终点，而是通向成功之旅的一部分。Taking action is key to breaking the cycle of fear. Every step forward helps you move closer to your goal, even if there are failures along the way. 行动是打破恐惧循环的关键。每前进一步，即使途中遇到失败，都会让你更接近目标。Learn from Failure 从失败中学习Failure is an opportunity to learn and improve. Instead of resisting failure, accept it as part of life’s ups and downs. Entrepreneur Malcolm Forbes said, “Failure is success if we learn from it.” Each failure teaches you valuable lessons that can guide better decisions in the future. 失败是学习和提升的机会。与其抗拒失败，不如接受它是生活起伏的一部分。企业家马尔科姆·福布斯说：“如果我们从失败中学习，那么失败就是成功。”每次失败都能教会我们宝贵的教训，指导我们在未来做出更好的决定。Life is not perfect, and neither is the path to success. Embracing failure with humility and courage will help you thrive. Celebrate your successes, but also appreciate the lessons that failure brings. 生活并不完美，成功之路也不尽然如此。以谦逊和勇气接受失败，这将帮助你茁壮成长。庆祝你的成功，但也要珍惜失败带来的教训。When you stop fearing failure, you open up a world of new possibilities. 当你不再害怕失败时，你将打开一个充满新的可能性的世界。【词汇】 1. mindset n. 心态2. resilient adj. 有韧性的；适应力强的3. procrastination n. 拖延症4. affirmation n. 确认，断言5. mentor n. 导师，指导者6. navigate v. 导航，航行；找到正确的方法7. daunting adj. 使人气馁的，使人畏缩的8. paralyze v. 使瘫痪，使麻痹9. humility n. 谦逊，虚心（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | 人生旅途轻装上阵

The Art of Traveling Light through Life人生旅途轻装上阵词汇：考研 | 句法：六级 | 文本：考研刘立军 供稿Ancient philosopher Socrates embodied simplicity, owning little and even forgoing shoes. Despite this, he frequented marketplaces not to acquire goods but to appreciate the abundance he could live without, as he famously noted to an inquiring friend. 古代哲学家苏格拉底以其简朴的生活方式著称，他几乎一无所有，甚至常常赤脚行走。然而，正如他曾对一位好奇的朋友所说，他经常光顾市场，不是为了购买商品，而是为了欣赏那些他能够舍弃的丰盛物资。In the context of travel, ‘traveling light’ means moving unencumbered by excessive belongings, which translates into a more pleasant journey with less burden and greater freedom. This idea extends beyond the physical realm into a philosophy for living. This concept encourages us to question what constitutes a life traveled lightly ― is it minimal ownership like Socrates, or is there more to it? 在旅行的语境中，“轻装上阵”意味着不被繁重的行李所累，从而享受更加轻松愉快的旅程，减少负担，获得更多自由。这一理念不仅仅局限于物质层面，它更是一种生活哲学。这种思想引导我们前去思考：什么是轻装上阵的生活——它是像苏格拉底那样过极简的物质生活，还是有更多的内涵？The tale of King Midas reveals that an insatiable desire for possessions can lead to downfall. His wish to turn everything to gold, granted by Dionysus, turns tragic when the things he treasures most are lost to his greed, teaching him the peril of material obsession. 迈达斯国王的故事向我们揭示了一个深刻的道理：对财富的贪得无厌可能导致灭亡。他祈求将一切变为黄金，这一愿望虽由狄俄尼索斯实现了，但当那些他最为珍视的事物因他的贪婪而失去时，这一愿望最终酿成一场悲剧，让他深刻体会到了痴迷物质的危险。Humans naturally accumulate more than necessary, often driven by an innate instinct for survival, from securing homes for shelter to stocking food against hunger. However, for some, this need tilts towards excess, acquiring vast properties and collections of vehicles far beyond necessity, echoing Midas’s folly. While possessions offer convenience, they can also anchor one’s life with responsibilities and maintenance demands, whether it’s the upkeep of a lavish villa or the financial strain of an expensive mortgage, trading freedom for security. 人类出于生存本能，往往会积累超过实际所需的物品，从确保住所的安全，到储备食物以防饥饿，皆出此因。然而，对一些人来说，这种需求逐渐演变为过度的占有欲，他们积累了大量远超必要的财产和车辆，重蹈迈达斯的覆辙。尽管拥有这些财物能带来便利，它们也带来了诸多责任和维护的需求，无论是豪华别墅的日常维护，还是高昂房贷带来的财务压力，都是在以自由换取所谓安全感。Epicurus argued that the pursuit of pleasure should not result in greater distress. Our attachment to both possessions and burdensome thoughts impedes progress. Ancient philosophies, such as Stoicism, Cynicism, and Buddhism, guide us toward letting go of these material and mental weights to alleviate our lives. 伊壁鸠鲁认为，追求快乐不应该导致更多的痛苦。我们对财物的执着以及内心的负担阻碍了我们的进步。斯多葛主义、犬儒主义和佛教等古老哲学都在教导我们：应学会放下这些物质和精神上的重负，让生活变得更加轻松自在。Desires and aversions exert their own weight, where fulfillment leads to contentment and a sense of lightness, while unmet desires breed dissatisfaction and burden. Philosophical traditions across Stoicism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam prioritize non-attachment to worldly goods, viewing them as distractions from a path meant for those unburdened. 欲望和厌恶会分别带来不同的负担：当欲望得到满足时，人们会感到轻松和满足；而未满足的欲望则会引发不满和沉重感。无论是斯多葛主义、佛教、基督教还是伊斯兰教，这些哲学传统都强调对世俗财物的淡泊，认为它们是那些追求心灵自由之人路上的障碍，只会分散他们的注意力。The minimalist approach isn’t only about reducing physical possessions but also mental clutter. Letting go of future anxieties and past regrets brings psychological lightness, enhancing our overall well-being and allowing us to navigate life with ease. 极简主义不仅仅意味着减少物质上的财物，它还包含洁净心灵上的杂念。放下对未来的焦虑和对过去的遗憾，可以带来心理上的轻松，进而提升整体幸福感，使我们更加从容地应对生活中的挑战。After periods of global turmoil, embracing a nomadic lifestyle underscored the value of minimalism. The capability to work remotely with minimal equipment exemplifies the physical and metaphysical lightness sought by many. Whether it be in a hotel room or traversing international borders, the ability to live and work with just a suitcase is liberating. 在全球动荡之后，拥抱游牧式的生活方式更加彰显了极简主义的价值。只需极少的装备即可实现远程工作，这体现了许多人所寻求的物质和精神上的双重轻盈。无论是在酒店房间，还是穿梭于国界线之间，仅凭一只手提箱便能自在生活与工作，这一能力赋予人们极大的自由。The agility afforded by traveling light is akin to the experience of playing games like Skyrim with a nimble character. In life, being agile equates to adaptability ― being able to change course rapidly without the encumbrance of possessions or obligations. Ultimately, true lightness is achieved when one’s mind is unburdened by worries and desires, transcending even the most minimalist lifestyle. 轻装上阵所带来的灵活性，就如同在玩《上古卷轴5：天际》游戏时操纵一个敏捷角色的体验。在生活中，灵活意味着适应能力——能够在不被物质所累或义务束缚的情况下迅速改变方向。最终，当一个人的心灵不再受忧虑和欲望所困时，真正的轻盈感就实现了，这种状态甚至超越了最简约的生活方式所带来的自由感。An uncluttered mind allows for a truly light life journey, wherein the absence of mental strain makes even the smallest suitcase seem weightless. 一颗没有杂念的心能让生活旅程真正变得轻盈起来，那时，即便是一个最小的手提箱，在没有精神压力的情况下，也仿佛轻如鸿毛。【词汇】1. forgo v. 放弃2. unencumbered adj. 无负担的；没有阻碍的3. the tale of King Midas 迈达斯的故事。传说，希腊神话中的弗里吉亚王迈达斯贪恋财富，求神赐予点物成金的法术，酒神狄俄尼索斯满足其愿望。最后连他的爱女和食物也都因被他手指点到而变成金子。他无法生活，又向神祈祷，一切才恢复原状。4. insatiable adj. 不知足的；无法满足的5. folly n. 愚蠢；愚笨6. upkeep n. 保养；维修7. villa n. 度假别墅8. Epicurus 伊壁鸠鲁，古希腊哲学家。9. Stoicism n. 斯多葛主义，古希腊罗马时期的重要哲学流派，强调理性、自律、坚忍以及接受命运。10. clutter n. 杂乱的东西；杂乱11. nomadic adj. 游牧的；流浪的12. metaphysical adj. 形而上学的；抽象的；玄学的 13. Skyrim 一款开放世界角色扮演游戏，全称The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim（《上古卷轴5：天际》，简称《天际》或《上古卷轴5》），由贝塞斯达游戏工作室开发。14. nimble adj. 思路敏捷的；机敏的15. agile adj.机敏的，机灵的16. encumbrance n. 妨碍者；累赘；障碍物（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 借助习惯叠加，迈向健康生活

VOA慢速：借助习惯叠加，迈向健康生活Use Habit Stacking to Help Get Healthy慢速 | 高考 偏难| 535词 | 5min13s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What activity did Lindsay Kee initially add to her routine to foster a habit of exercise?A. Jumping jacks after each walk.B. Standing stretches before her dog walks.C. High-intensity interval training sessions.D. Cycling to various destinations.Q2. According to the passage, what is the essence of habit stacking?A. Creating entirely new routines.B. Focusing on replacing old habits with new ones.C. Attaching a new habit to an existing daily activity.D. Making drastic changes in one’s lifestyle.Q3. How does Dana Santas apply habit stacking in her personal health care routine?A. She does push-ups before every shower.B. She does waist exercises while brushing her teeth.C. She takes her vitamins next to the coffee machine.D. She integrates strength training into her work schedule.Q4. What recommendation does the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention make for weekly physical activity?A. Engaging in 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity.B. Participating in at least two hours of daily exercise for all adults.C. Combining strength training with flexibility exercises.D. Ensuring a minimum of 30 minutes of exercise each day.Q5. What strategy does Gretchen Rubin use to reinforce a “shaky” habit by linking it with a “strong” habit?A. She only allows herself to shower after exercising.B. She must listen to a podcast while exercising on a running machine.C. She places her vitamins next to the coffee machine.D. She integrates her exercise routine with her daily walk.Part II. TRANSCRIPTUse Habit Stacking to Help Get HealthyA woman in Portland, Oregon started her daily exercise habit with one activity — walking her dog. Lindsay Kee then added movements to this daily activity. (Q1) Before leaving on the walk, she did some standing stretches. On her return, she did other exercises such as jumping jacks.jumping jacks 开合跳Over time, Kee added more exercises around the dog walk. She said adding exercises to an existing activity took the pressure off of creating a whole new daily exercise. And now more than a year later, she consistently exercises around the dog walk.Kee said, “I’ve found it to be really effective in helping me be consistent with things that I really want to do.”What Kee did is called habit stacking. Writer S.J. Scott created this term for his 2014 book of the same name. (Q2) The idea behind habit stacking is to attach something you want to start doing to something you already do every day.habit stacking 习惯叠加A common example is flossing your teeth after brushing them. However, you can use habit stacking in many areas of your daily life. Kee, for example, places her vitamins next to the coffee machine. This helps her remember to take them every morning.Exercise experts say habit stacking is especially helpful if you are trying to increase exercise time.Dana Santas is a movement expert who has trained more than 50 professional sports teams. She combines exercise habits with personal health care. (Q3) For example, Santas does push-ups before every shower. And she does leg exercises while brushing her teeth. She says that her electric toothbrush makes a sound every 30 seconds to remind her to brush different teeth. But she uses the reminder to change her exercises. “It’s perfect,” she added.push-up n. 俯卧撑Two minutes of exercise may not get you in shape. But experts say, every little bit helps. (Q4) Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest getting 150 minutes of moderate activity, like a fast walk, every week. Or you could also get 75 minutes of very energetic activity, like jogging, every week. The health experts also suggest two days a week of strength training.moderate adj. 适度的，中等强度的Most people find keeping new habits difficult. And while habit stacking is not a perfect solution, it does help with one barrier — decision-making.Gretchen Rubin is the writer of Better Than Before: Mastering the Habits of Our Everyday Lives. She said habit stacking is one of the best ways to start and keep new habits. The technique helps to remove the barrier of deciding when or if to do something.Rubin shared a story of her college days. To help her stay active, she would only shower if she had exercised that day.She suggested combining the new, or what she calls “shaky” behavior with something you have to do or deeply want to do.(Q5) “So you have to do the shaky habit before you get to the strong habit,” Rubin said. (Q5) If she wants to listen to a podcast, her strong habit, she must do it while exercising on a running machine. For her, this will strengthen her shaky habit.Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。题目出处为：Before leaving on the walk, she did some standing stretches. 意为：在开始遛狗前，她会做一些站立伸展运动。这表明Kee最初通过在遛狗前做站立伸展运动来培养锻炼的习惯。因此答案是B。Q2. C. 主旨题。题目出处为：The idea behind habit stacking is to attach something you want to start doing to something you already do every day. 意为：习惯叠加背后的理念在于，将你想要开始做的事与你每天已经在做的事联系起来。因此答案是C。Q3. A. 细节题。题目出处为：For example, Santas does push-ups before every shower. 意为：例如，Santas在每次淋浴前做俯卧撑。因此答案是A。Q4. A.细节题。题目出处为：Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest getting 150 minutes of moderate activity, like a fast walk, every week. Or you could also get 75 minutes of very energetic activity, like jogging, every week. 意为：美国疾病控制与预防中心的专家建议每周进行150分钟的中等强度活动，如快走；或者每周进行75分钟的高强度活动，如慢跑。因此答案是A。Q5. B. 细节题。题目出处为：If she (Rubin) wants to listen to a podcast, her strong habit, she must do it while exercising on a running machine. 意为：如果她想听播客——这是她常有的习惯，她必须在跑步机上锻炼时听。因此答案是B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 肥胖症

肥胖症WHO’s Science in 5: Obesity慢速| 考研 | 619词 | 4min52s刘立军 供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What factors contribute to the development of obesity according to Dr. Francesco Branca?A. Unhealthy diet and low physical activity only.B. Genetic predisposition and use of certain medications.C. High energy foods and stressful life.D. Limited access to healthy food and exercise facilities.Q2. What is the estimated global impact of obesity in terms of health and economy?A. 5 million deaths annually and a 3% loss in GDP.B. 3 million deaths annually and a 5% loss in GDP.C. 5 million deaths annually and a 1% loss in GDP.D. 3 million deaths annually and a 3% loss in GDP.Q3. How can an individual identify if they live with obesity, according to Dr. Branca?A. By measuring their height and weight only.B. By calculating their body mass index and measuring waist circumference.C. By observing high blood pressure and blood lipid disorders.D. By consulting a health practitioner for a professional diagnosis.Q4. What advice does Dr. Francesco Branca give for preventing obesity, especially for those without easy access to healthy food and exercise?A. Focus on consuming wholegrains, fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, and limit sugars.B. Rely on community and national policies to provide access to healthy lifestyles.C. Prioritize breastfeeding for young infants and avoid sugar-sweetened beverages for older children.D. Both A and C.Q5. What is the main idea of Dr. Francesco Branca’s discussion on obesity?A. Obesity is a complex health issue influenced by multiple factors and has significant health and economic impacts.B. Obesity is primarily caused by genetic predisposition and cannot be prevented.C. Obesity is a minor health concern with limited effects on individuals and society.D. Obesity can be easily managed through simple lifestyle changes and community support.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWHO’s Science in 5: ObesityVismita Gupta Smith: Did you know that where you live, the food systems around you, your opportunities to be active – all of this has an impact on your risk of developing obesity? How big is this issue? How can you reduce your risk of developing obesity and protect yourself? And how would you know if you’re living with obesity? Hello and welcome to Science in 5, I’m with Vismita Gupta Smith. We are talking to Dr. Francesco Branca today. Francesco, talk to us about obesity.Dr. Francesco Branca: Obesity is a chronic disease defined by excess fat deposits that impair health. It can lead to Type 2 diabetes, heart disease. It may affect bone health, reproduction. (Q1) It is associated to certain cancers, and it affects the quality of living, and you get obesity because of the consumption of unhealthy diet, because of low physical activity, but also because of poor sleeping patterns and a stressful life. Some people are genetically predisposed to obesity, and so it’s easier for them to get obese. But also obesity can be the result of using certain medications. Many people live in environments that are conducive to obesity because of foods which are high energy, that are available around the clock, that are cheap. predispose v. 使倾向于；使受…的影响Vismita Gupta Smith: So, Francesco, how big is this problem of obesity?Dr. Francesco Branca: So obesity is a problem for health and for economic development. (Q2) We calculate that 5 million deaths every year are caused by the consequences of obesity. And countries lose up to 3% of their gross domestic product because of obesity.Vismita Gupta Smith: How would one know if they live with obesity? And how can they manage their condition?Dr. Francesco Branca: (Q3) To identify obesity, you would measure weight and height and calculate the body mass index in adults, a body mass index higher than 30 kg per square meters helps diagnosis of obesity. You can also measure waist circumference. In women, a waist circumference over 80 centimeters, and in men over 90 centimeters indicates a high risk of the consequences of obesity. You will also see that with obesity, there’s a high blood pressure, there are disorders of the blood lipids and of glycemic control. The response to this is that obesity is not your own responsibility. You shouldn’t be ashamed if you’re living with obesity and people should not blame people living with obesity. Then the most important thing is to go to see a health practitioner, who also should be professional and respectful for the people living with obesity should help to diagnosis and should help with an integrated response, which is providing the counseling on diet and physical activity and as needed, suggesting drug treatment or even some surgical practices that would limit the consumption and the absorption of food.circumference n. 圆周；圆周长lipid n. 脂质；类脂glycemic adj. 血糖的Vismita Gupta Smith: What if I do not have access to healthy food or do not have access to or easy access to exercise? How can I prevent obesity and protect myself?Dr. Francesco Branca: Community and national policy should help everybody to have access to healthy lifestyles. I would like to give some tips for everybody. (Q4) If you’re an adult, choose wholegrains, fruit and vegetables, healthy fats and limit sugars. Prefer water to any other drinks. Be active. If you’re a mother, of a young infant, breastfeed her or him as long as you can. Then for older children, give water and not sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables instead of confectionery. Walk to school, limit screen time and make sure that adequate sleep is given.confectionery n. 甜食（糖果、巧克力等）Vismita Gupta Smith: Thank you, Francesco. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then. Stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 细节题。根据文本中的描述：“It affects the quality of living, and you get obesity because of the consumption of unhealthy diet, because of low physical activity, but also because of poor sleeping patterns and a stressful life.” 可知，导致肥胖的因素包括不健康的饮食习惯、低运动量、差的睡眠模式和压力重重的生活。因此答案为C。Q2. A. 细节题。文本提到：“We calculate that 5 million deaths every year are caused by the consequences of obesity. And countries lose up to 3% of their gross domestic product because of obesity.” 这表明肥胖症每年导致大约500万人死亡，并且国家因肥胖症而损失高达3%的国内生产总值。因此答案为A。Q3. B. 细节题。文本中提到：“To identify obesity, you would measure weight and height and calculate the body mass index in adults, a body mass index higher than 30 kg per square meters helps diagnosis of obesity. You can also measure waist circumference.” 这说明个人可以通过测量体重和身高、计算身体质量指数（BMI）以及测量腰围来识别自己是否患有肥胖症。因此答案为B。Q4. D. 推理题。文本中Dr. Francesco Branca提到了几种预防肥胖的建议，包括：“choose wholegrains, fruit and vegetables, healthy fats and limit sugars”和“give water and not sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables instead of confectionery.”也就是说要选择全谷物、水果和蔬菜、健康脂肪并限制糖分，多喝水；母亲要尽可能长时间母乳喂养婴儿，对于年龄较大的孩子，给他们水而不是含糖饮料，给水果和蔬菜而不是甜食，此外，他还提到了社区和国家政策应该帮助每个人获得健康生活方式的途径。因此，答案是D，即A和C两点建议。Q5. A. 主旨题。整个对话中，Dr. Francesco Branca讨论了肥胖症的多种成因，包括不健康的饮食、缺乏运动、遗传因素、药物使用、睡眠模式和生活压力等。他还提到了肥胖对健康和经济的严重影响，以及如何识别和管理肥胖症。这表明肥胖症是一个复杂的健康问题，受到多种因素的影响，并对个人和社会产生了重大影响。因此答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 语言和传统是民族认同的核心

语言和传统是民族认同的核心Report: Language, Traditions Central to National Identity慢速 | 四级 高考 | 864词 | 9min32s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Based on the text, which of the following statements best reflects the views of those who participated in the Pew Research Center’s study?A. National identity is predominantly shaped by one’s language and traditions.B. Birthplace and religion have a negligible impact on national identity.C. National identity is a uniform concept across different cultures and societies.D.The importance of language and traditions to national identity is contested and varies by country.Q2. According to the text, which specific aspect of national identity do respondents from Mexico and Indonesia agree is central to being considered a true national, with a 91 percent consensus?A. Language proficiency.B. Shared customs and traditions.C. Birthplace significance.D. Adherence to the main religion.Q3. What does Janzen’s perspective on being Canadian imply about the national identity of Canada?A. It is primarily defined by speaking one of the official languages.B. It is inclusive and not strictly tied to any single criterion.C. It is strongly associated with being born within the country’s borders.D. It is mainly reflected through participation in the country’s customs and traditions.Q4. What is the implication of the Pew Research Center’s study findings on national identity for countries with a higher proportion of immigrants?A. They tend to prioritize language proficiency over birthplace for national identity.B. They are less likely to consider shared customs and traditions as important.C. They view religion as the most critical aspect of national identity.D. They believe that being born in the country is less important for national identity.Q5. How does the text suggest that the concept of national identity varies among individuals and countries?A. By showing that language and traditions are universally accepted as the core of national identity.B. By highlighting the uniform importance of birthplace and religion across all surveyed countries.C. By demonstrating the diverse opinions on the importance of language, birthplace, and religion.D. By indicating that shared customs and traditions are consistently valued over other aspects.Part II. TRANSCRIPTReport: Language, Traditions Central to National IdentityLuciana de Oliveira considers herself transnational. That means she is more than one nationality. de Oliveira grew up in Brazil, but she moved to the United States for her studies. She became a U.S. citizen in 2017.transnational adj. 跨国的；多国的de Oliveira has some strong feelings about national identity. She believes speaking a country’s majority language is a very important part of one’s national identity. de Oliveira speaks both Portuguese and English.A new study found that most people around the world share those feelings about language and national identity.The Pew Research Center carried out the study and released the results last month. Pew’s study centered on people’s ideas about national identity. It included answers from people in more than 20 countries.(Q1) Pew researchers asked study participants about four aspects, or parts, of national identity: language, traditions, birthplace and religion. They found that language is by far the most valued aspect of national identity.In fact, a median of 91 percent of people across 21 countries said that speaking a country’s most common language is “important for being considered a true national.”Traditions and customs are also key to national identity, the study found. Beliefs about the other two aspects – birthplace and religion – were more divided.VOA Learning English spoke with several people who live in countries that were included in the study. Among them is Jorge Catalan. He has lived in Mexico most of his life. The Pew study found that 93 percent of respondents from Mexico said that speaking the country’s main language – Spanish – is important to national identity.Catalan said he agrees that speaking Spanish is very important. But he added that it is regrettable.He said, “Mexico is a place where we have around 68 spoken languages besides Spanish.” He noted that the government has pushed Spanish as the main language throughout history and has turned it into a “must-have tool.”Agatha Janzen was born and raised in Canada. Pew researchers found that more than 80 percent of Canadians say that speaking the country’s language is important to national identity. In Canada, both French and English are official languages.Janzen said that “speaking one of the official languages is important to being Canadian for practical reasons.”(Q1) Traditions and customs are also a central aspect of national identity, the study found. Results showed 81 percent of people believe sharing their country’s customs and traditions is somewhat or very important to national identity.The Pew study found that 67 percent of Brazilians consider practicing customs and traditions an important part of national identity. That is the fourth lowest percentage of all the countries included in the study.But customs and traditions are important to de Oliveira. To feel closer to her Brazilian identity, she said she wears jewelry and shoes from Brazil and follows and supports Brazilian soccer.Mexico is tied with the highest percentage of respondents who answered that customs and traditions are an important aspect of national identity. But for Catalan, they are not so important. He noted that Mexican traditions have changed over time. He added that he does not take part in many Mexican traditions, “but I still feel proudly Mexican.”Beliefs about the two other aspects of national identity – birthplace and religion – were more mixed. A median of 58 percent of respondents from 23 countries said that being born in a country is important to national identity. An even lower number of respondents – 42 percent – said that being a member of the country’s main religion is important to national identity.(Q2) Respondents from Mexico and Indonesia had the strongest feelings about the importance of birthplace as central to national identity, at 91 percent.Calatan, who was born and lived most of his life in Mexico, agrees somewhat. “If you are born outside of Mexico and never lived in it, it would be difficult to get a real sense of what being Mexican means.”(Q3) But Janzen, the Canadian, said, “Being born in Canada has nothing to do with being Canadian.” For her, Canada is a melting pot and offers refuge to those who need it.refuge n. 庇护；避难These ideas match the results of the study. Countries where immigrants make up a smaller share of the population tend to see birthplace as a more important aspect of national identity. (Q4) Countries with a greater share of immigrants are more willing to accept those born outside of the country as true nationals.Less than half of people in most of the countries in the study do not feel religion is important to national identity. All of those who spoke with Learning English said they agreed that religion is not an important part of national identity.Christine Huang is a research associate at the Pew Research Center. She is one of the writers of the study. She told Learning English, “This question of belonging in a country is related to other work we have done to measure how connected people feel to each other.”Huang added, “When looking at how people relate to others in their community, in their country, and all over the world, people most frequently report feeling close to others in their country.”|Part III. KEYQ1. A. 主旨题。文本中提到：“Pew researchers asked study participants about four aspects, or parts, of national identity: language, traditions, birthplace and religion. They found that language is by far the most valued aspect of national identity.” 以及“Traditions and customs are also a central aspect of national identity, the study found.”这表明研究参与者普遍认为语言和传统是民族身份最重要的部分，所以民族身份主要由一个人的语言和传统塑造。因此答案为A。Q2. C. 细节题。文本中提到：“Respondents from Mexico and Indonesia had the strongest feelings about the importance of birthplace as central to national identity, at 91 percent.” 这表明墨西哥和印度尼西亚的受访者中有91%的人认为出生地对于民族身份认同至关重要。因此答案为C。Q3. B. 推理题。Janzen表示：“Being born in Canada has nothing to do with being Canadian. For her, Canada is a melting pot and offers refuge to those who need it.” 这表明 Janzen 认为出生在加拿大与成为加拿大人无关，加拿大是一个大熔炉，为需要的人提供庇护，这意味着加拿大的民族身份认同是包容性的，不严格依赖于任何单一标准，如出生地或语言。因此答案为B。Q4. D. 推理题。文本中提到：“Countries with a greater share of immigrants are more willing to accept those born outside of the country as true nationals.” 这意味着拥有更多移民的国家更愿意接受在外国出生的人作为真正的国民，可推测出他们认为出生地对于国家身份认同不那么重要。因此答案为D。Q5. C. 主旨题。文本通过展示不同国家和个体对于语言、出生地和宗教在民族身份中重要性的不同看法，表明民族身份的概念在不同人群和国家之间存在差异。特别是对于出生地和宗教的看法更为混合，这表明民族身份的构成因素在不同文化和个体中有着不同的解读。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 花体字书写重返加州学校

花体字书写重返加州学校Handwriting Returns in California Schools慢速 | 四级（高考）| 554词 | 5min45s刘立军 供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. How old are the children in California required to learn cursive handwriting starting this year?A. Three to six years old.B. Six to twelve years old.C. Ten to fifteen years old.D. Twelve to eighteen years old.Q2. Who signed Assembly Bill 446 into law?A. A local mayor.B. A federal judge.C. A school principal.D. A state governor.Q3. Which statement best represents Pamela Keller’s view on teaching cursive?A. It is unnecessary and outdated.B. It is challenging but rewarding for students.C. It should be optional for students.D. It only benefits older students.Q4. What does the reaction “It’s cursive!” from a student during a school library visit imply about the effects of learning cursive?A. It reflects a sense of achievement and recognition.B. It suggests an inability to recognize cursive writing.C. It indicates confusion about historical documents.D. It shows a preference for other forms of writing.Q5. What is the primary reason behind the reintroduction of cursive handwriting in the educational system according to the text?A. To preserve traditional writing styles.B. To improve students’ artistic abilities.C. To enhance brain development and related skills.D. To ensure compliance with federal education standards.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHandwriting Returns in California Schools(Q1) Starting this year, six-to-twelve-year olds in California will be required to learn cursive handwriting. The return to handwriting comes after many years in which typing on computer keyboards was taught and handwriting was pushed aside. Cursive is a kind of handwriting in which all the letters in a word are connected to each other. cursive handwriting 英文花体Assembly Bill 446 requires that handwriting be taught to 2.6 million Californian students in grades one through six. And it requires cursive lessons in grades three and above. (Q2) Former elementary school teacher Sharon Quirk-Silva supported the bill and California Governor Gavin Newsom signed it into law in October.(Q5) Experts say learning cursive improves brain development, reading skills, and hand movement. Some educators also find value in teaching children to read historic documents and family letters from past generations.Pamela Keller teaches grades four to six at Orangethorpe Elementary School in Fullerton about 50 kilometers southeast of Los Angeles. She said she was already teaching cursive before the law took effect on January 1. (Q3) Some children complain about the difficulty, but Keller has a ready answer: “We tell them, well, it’s going to make you smarter, it’s going to make some connections in your brain, and it’s going to help you move to the next level. And then they get excited because students want to be smarter. They want to learn,” Keller said.(Q4) During a recent visit to the school library, Keller said one student got excited seeing an image of the U.S. Constitution, written in 1787, saying, “It’s cursive!” Several of Keller’s students say the subject was difficult, like the letter Z, but they enjoyed it anyways.“I love it, because I just feel it’s fancier to write, and it’s fun to learn new letters,” said Sophie Guardia, a 9-year-old in the fourth grade. In teacher Nancy Karcher’s class, her third-grade students said, “It’s fun,” “Now I can read my mom’s writing,” and “It’s for my secrets.”As computers and smart devices grew in popularity, cursive writing was pushed aside. In 2010, the national Common Core education standards were published to help students prepare for university. Cursive was left out. “They stopped teaching kids how to form any letters at all. Teacher colleges are not preparing teachers to teach handwriting,” said Kathleen Wright. She is the founder of the Handwriting Collective, a nonprofit group.But cursive is coming back. California became the 22nd U.S. state to require cursive handwriting and the 14th to pass a cursive teaching bill since 2014, said Lauren Gendill. She is a researcher at the National Conference of State Legislatures. Five states have introduced cursive bills so far in 2024.legislature n. 立法机关Leslie Zoroya is project director for reading language arts at the Los Angeles County Office of Education. (Q5) She said research has shown that learning cursive supports several linked skills that improve childhood development. Zoroya said, “You’re using different neural networks when you’re doing cursive rather than printing. And so, it’s creating those pathways in your brain.”neural adj. 神经的；神经系统的Zoroya said she got the idea from former California Governor Jerry Brown. California’s teaching standards always had cursive writing goals, but Quirk-Silva said cursive was not always taught and was weakening. She said, “The hope of the legislation is that by the time students leave sixth grade, they would be able to read and write it.”Part III. KEYQ1. B. 细节题。文本提到：“Starting this year, six-to-twelve-year olds in California will be required to learn cursive handwriting.” 意为：“从今年开始，加利福尼亚州六到十二岁的孩子们将被要求学习花体字书写。” 因此答案为B。Q2. D. 细节题。文章中提到：“Former elementary school teacher Sharon Quirk-Silva supported the bill and California Governor Gavin Newsom signed it into law in October.” 意为：“前小学教师Sharon Quirk-Silva支持该提案，加州州长Gavin Newsom在十月将其签署成法。” 因此答案为D。Q3. B. 细节题。文本提到：“Some children complain about the difficulty, but Keller has a ready answer: ‘We tell them, well, it’s going to make you smarter...’” 意为：“一些孩子抱怨这很困难，但Keller有准备好的回答：‘我们告诉他们，好吧，这将使你更聪明……’” 因此，可知Keller认为教授花体字书写虽然具有挑战性，但对学生有益。因此答案为B。Q4. A. 推理题。文本描述了“During a recent visit to the school library, Keller said one student got excited seeing an image of the U.S. Constitution, written in 1787, saying, ‘It’s cursive!’”，即在学校图书馆参观期间，一个学生看到美国宪法的花体字书写时兴奋地说：“这是花体字书写！”， 这反映了学生因为能够识别并理解花体字而感到成就和认可。因此答案为A。Q5. C. 主旨题。文本中提到“Experts say learning cursive improves brain development, reading skills, and hand movement.”以及“She said research has shown that learning cursive supports several linked skills that improve childhood development”，意为：“专家表示，学习花体字书写有助于促进大脑发育、提升阅读技能以及手部运动能力。”和“她说，研究表明学习花体字书写有助于培养多种相关技能，从而促进儿童成长。” 也就是说，重新引入花体字书写是为了促进大脑发展和相关技能。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

高职国际英语：进阶视听说教程（第2版）第2册 Clip 4 How was your visit

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