阅读素材 | 如何撰写学术论文(上)

【导读】如何撰写研究论文,一直困扰着很多写作者。本文中,受访者分享了他们撰写研究手稿的方法以及克服常见障碍的策略。How to write a research paperBY ELISABETH PAIN刘立军选编Condensing months or years of research into a few pages can be a mighty exercise even for experienced writers. Authors need to find the sweet spot between convincingly addressing their scientific questions and presenting their results in such detail the key message is lost. They must describe their methods succinctly and clearly so their experiments can be reproduced, and discuss the broader implications of their research without overselling their work.The feeling of being exposed that comes with publishing can also get in the way of writing, says Daniela Anahí Parker Yáñez, a fourth-year materials science Ph.D. student at Linköping University in Sweden. “It is definitely frightening to state something incorrect.” Especially if you are a newcomer, “one always feels like there is something one doesn’t know, or that your words are not the best.” For non-native English speakers like Parker, there is also an additional language barrier that requires being “proactive and willing to become better,” she adds. “But at the same time, keep in mind that publishing results is very helpful for others.”Science Careers asked early-career scientists in a range of disciplines to share their approaches for writing a researchmanuscriptand strategies for overcoming commonstumblingblocks. The answers have been edited for clarity and brevity.【练习与解析】1. What is not mentioned as a challenge in condensing research into a few pages?A. Finding the right balance between addressing scientific questions and presenting results.B. Describing methods clearly and succinctly for reproducibility.C. Not overselling the implications of the research.D. Being a non-native English speaker.【答案】D【解析】The article did mention that being a non-native English speaker can pose an additional challenge, but it is not specifically mentioned as a challenge in condensing research into a few pages. The other options are all mentioned as common challenges.How do you know when it’s time to start working on a paper? What is your overall writing process?Ideally, by the time I start writing a paper I have a strong foundation for why I decided to research this topic, therobustresults from different experiments that support my idea, and a good overview of how my research advances scientific knowledge. To be more certain that I have a consistent story to tell, I also like to put my findings to the test by trying to invalidate them experimentally or see if there is anything important missing. Then, writing the paper and getting it ready for submission may take me 3 to 6 months. I like separating the writing into three phases. The results and the methods go first, as this is the phase where I write what was done and how, and what the outcomes were. In a second phase, I tackle the introduction and refine the results section with input from my supervisor and collaborators on how we want to develop the story, which references should be included, and what the takeaway message is. In the last phase I write the abstractand work on providing a coherent ending in the conclusion.- Parker【练习与解析】2. What is the first thing the author likes to separate when writing a paper?A. Introduction and background information.B. Results and methods.C. Abstract and conclusion.D. Feedback from supervisor and collaborators.【答案】B【解析】According to the text, the author likes to separate the writing into three phases. The first phase is dedicated to writing down the results and the methods used to achieve them. This is where the author explains what was done and what the outcomes were.I first collate all the figures and data - both positive and negative - that I think are likely to be relevant to the story. I’m more a visual person, so the next step is to generate a coherent storyboard of my figures to get a big-picture view of the project. This process helps me formulate an outline of the manuscript that I can use as a guide during the writing. Once I start writing the draft - and consequently also spend time looking more closely at the data - I constantly go back and forth to the literature to make sure I’m not missing anything about my topic and that I’m citing the right studies. Sometimes during this process, the story narrative can change a little, and that’s OK! I just go with the flow and see where the data takes me.- Jessica S. Ho, postdoctoral researcher in microbiology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai【练习与解析】3. What does the author do after collating relevant figures and data for a research project?A. Generate a coherent storyboard to get a big-picture view.B. Write the entire draft in one sitting.C. Focus on positive data only and discard negative data.D. Ignore the literature to avoid getting sidetracked.【答案】A【解析】According to the text, after collecting all relevant figures and data, the author generates a coherent storyboard to get a big-picture view of the project. This helps the author formulate an outline of the manuscript that they can use as a guide during the writing process.I feel ready to turn my research into a paper when I have a set of results forming a clear storyline. I start the writing process with an outline that serves more as a wish list for how I want the flow of the paper to go, bearing in mind the overall goal, specific aims, and main takeaways of the manuscript. I usually put all the results I have into the outline in one long, running results section with a summary of what they add to the storyline. Then the methods section is typically the first I write, as I find it relatively straightforward. During my research, I try to keep my code for data analysis organized and documented in such a way that writing the methods and results is effectively translating my scripts from nil into a storyline. I often write the results section at the same time as the methods to try and mirror the flow. In the results, I also include some text describing the figures I want to generate or preliminary, hand-drawn figures. Before writing the introduction and discussion, I take a day or two to really dive into the literature and refresh my vision of where my work fits in the current state of the science. The final aesthetically pleasing and well-formatted figures and tables are usually one of the last things I develop. I always save the abstract for the end. Assuming all analysis is complete before I start writing, preparing a paper usually takes me 2 to 3 months from blank page to submission.- Marissa Kosnik, group leader in environmental toxicology at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology【练习与解析】4. What is the first section the author typically writes when starting the writing process?A. Introduction.B. Literature.C. Methods.D. Results.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the methods section is typically the first section the author writes when starting the writing process, as she finds it relatively straightforward. During her research, she tries to keep her code for data analysis organized and documented in such a way that writing the methods and results is effectively translating their scripts from nil into a storyline. She also often writes the results section at the same time as the methods to try and mirror the flow.I start to think about the publication when I am still carrying out the research because, depending on the audience we plan to reach, the datasets that we use to develop our model and the experimental evaluation that we present can vastly differ. The target journal is chosen long before the writing process begins, and putting the paper together usually takes me 3 to 6 weeks. But sometimes, we realize during the writing that we need to do a few further experiments to make a strong point, which can prolong the process.- Niklas Gebauer, Ph.D. student in machine learning at the Berlin Institute of Technology【练习与解析】5. What can prolong the process of putting a paper together?A. Choosing the target journal before starting the writing process.B. Considering the audience during the research.C. Developing a model with specific datasets.D. Realizing further experiments are needed during the writing.【答案】D【解析】According to the text, the author notes that sometimes during the writing process, he realizes that he needs to do a few further experiments to make a strong point, which can prolong the process.In my theoretical field, I begin by deciding how to split the content into sections. I usually think about accompanying tables and figures to illustrate my theoretical results and prepare them before even starting the draft. I very often go back to the literature and evaluate how my work fits into the broader research context to develop the scientific story. Then I work on the more technical core of the paper and only later write the introduction, broader perspectives, and conclusions. For me, the hardest section is the introduction, where the main theoretical questions need to be made clear while avoiding jargon and technicalities as much as possible. I usually list the relevant references for the scientific context and the key results of the work, and then build around this. The abstract is the very last thing I do.- Valentina Ros, researcher in statistical physics at Paris-Saclay University in France【练习与解析】6. What is the hardest section for the author when writing a paper in her theoretical field?A. Tables and figures.B. Technical core.C. Introduction.D. Broader perspectives and conclusions.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, the author finds the introduction the hardest section when writing a paper in her theoretical field. The reason for this is that the introduction has to make the main theoretical questions clear while avoiding jargon and technicalities as much as possible.Any further specifics about what should go into each part of the manuscript, or how it should be presented?In the results section, in addition to describing the data I give a brief explanation of the rationale, hypothesis, and set up for each experiment to help the reader follow the logic of my work. The target journal does sometimes influence the writing and preparation of the manuscript, mostly in terms of the figures or dataset requirements, word counts, and reference formats.- Ho【练习与解析】7. What information does the author provide in the results section?A. A summary of the literature review.B. An explanation of the future implications of the work.C. The rationale, hypothesis, and setup for each experiment.D. A discussion of the limitations of the study.【答案】C【解析】According to the text, in the results section, in addition to describing the data, the author provides a brief explanation of the rationale, hypothesis, and set up for each experiment to help the reader follow the logic of their work.In the discussion, I try to explain how the data supports my assertions and how strongly. I feel it is the most difficult section since there is always a risk of under-explaining your data. Giving some thought to how to give a twist to the title or make it unique is important so the paper can be more easily found and remembered in the tide of research manuscripts. For the acknowledgments, I usually keep a spreadsheet with all the individuals and organizations that have supported the research. Finally, I consult with my supervisors or institute's legal office to fill in the declarations about funding, potential conflicts of interest, and compliance with ethical standards and reporting guidelines. The choice of journal may affect the length of the manuscript and order of the sections.- Roshan Paladugu, postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyAdapted fromhttps://www.science.org/content/article/how-write-research-paper【词汇】1.manuscriptn. a copy of a book, piece of music, etc. before it has been printed手稿;原稿。例如:an unpublished / original manuscript未经发表的/原始的手稿2.stumbling blockssomething that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim绊脚石3.robustadj. strong and full of determination; showing that you are sure about what you are doing or saying坚定的;信心十足的(封面图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | “将”=will?

英语百宝箱:“将”=will 吗?供稿人 刘彩娟上次小编和大家分享了“‘充满’的花式表达”,后台收到一位来自云南的小伙伴的留言:“血书跪求多出这种系列的文章”。一直以来小编都是有求必应,因此特意为大家准备了今天这篇推文!大家平时在写英语作文或者做翻译时,是不是经常需要传递“未来某件事情会发生”这样的信息呢?大家脑子里第一时间蹦出来的是不是“will”或者“would”?其实英语中很多表达有异曲同工之妙,而且有时这些表达更贴合语境,语调也更悦耳!下面就和小编一起来看看吧!语法篇1. be about to do sth.① I’m about to embark on a new journey. (Modern Family) 我即将开始一段新的旅程了。② Because I am about to die of thirst. (The Little Prince) 因为我要渴死了。③ Neither Boeing nor Airbus is about to go bust. (The Economist) 波音公司和空中客车公司都不会破产2. be going to do sth.① They’re going to fight this tooth and nail.(House of Cards)他们打算全力阻挠此事。② Are you going to hit him? I’d totally beat him. (Modern Family)你要去揍他吗?我绝对去揍他。③ I am going to learn how to bake this summer.今年夏天我要学习烘焙。3. 移位动词现在进行时表将来——arrive/come/leave/return/travel 等等① I am leaving for Shanghai this Sunday. 我这周日要去上海。② Where are you travelling to? 你要去哪里呀?进阶篇1. expect to do sth. / be expected to do sth.expect 除了大家熟知的“期待”之意外,还有“预期/预计”的意思,用于表示客观上会发生某件事情的预计、预料,相当于will,不过 expect 多了一层“预测/推断”的意思。① They are expected to pass ushering in some of the toughest laws in the US. (BBC) 他们有望同意引入美国最严厉的法律。② The auction, which drew four big operators, is expected to last several weeks. (The Economist) 这场拍卖会吸引了四大运营商,预计将持续数周。③ Light rail is expected to handle much of the Olympic traffic. (VOA) 预计轻轨将承担奥运期间的大部分交通流量。④ I expect to come back three days later. 我预计三天后回来。2. be scheduled to do sth. schedule用作动词意为“to plan that something will happen at a particular time”, 中文意为“排定/预定”,指某件事情按计划将在未来某个时间点发生,因此也可以用来表示“将/将要”。① The collision is scheduled to happen tonight. (CNN) 撞击将于今晚发生。② NBA games are scheduled to resume in three days. (CNN) NBA将在三天后复赛。 be scheduled for release/publication/completion etc.① Their first album is scheduled for release in September. 他们将于九月份发行首张专辑。② The project is scheduled for completion in mid-2025.该项目计划于2025年中旬结束。3. be set to do sth. “be set to do sth.”指准备好将要做某事。① A trial was set to begin this week. (CNN) 审判将于本周进行。② That is when a new British law is set to go into effect. (VOA) 届时英国一项新法律将生效。③ With Africa’s population set to quadruple by the end of the century, this is not a theoretical question. (TED) 本世纪末非洲人口将翻两番,届时这就不只是一个理论上的问题了。4. be on the point of (doing) sth. 这个俗语意为“to be going to do something very soon”,指某事很快就要发生了。① The train was on the point of starting. 火车要开了。② The steamer lay puffing alongside the quay, on the point of starting. (Around the World in 80 Days) 停在码头边的轮船,烟囱里正冒着烟,即将起航。以上就是有关“将/将要”的花式表达啦,请大家慢慢消化吸收!希望大家切记,有些时候确实需要will/would这样的表达。不同的单词或短语功能不同、特质不同,使用的场合也就不同,请大家一定要注意使用的语境哦!(封面图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | 看电影学英语——流浪地球2的翻译之妙

看电影学英语---流浪地球2的翻译之妙供稿 刘伟要说今年最火的科幻电影,几乎所有人都会想到《流浪地球2》。今年贺岁电影档中,《流浪地球2》凭借精美震撼的视觉效果、动人心弦的故事情节,收获好评如潮,给观众奉上了一道视觉盛宴。它所展现的全人类团结起来面对危机、努力延续文明的图景也十分发人深省。电影的字幕翻译也是可圈可点。在电影中,刘培强和张鹏的师徒情戳中了很多人的泪点,而张鹏幽默风趣的方言也给电影增添了许多趣味。而要想翻译好方言,字对字翻译是行不通的,只有充分理解其在源语语境中的意思,才能在译语中找到合适的表达,达到近似源语中的效果。《流浪地球2》里有哪些“神翻译”?我们快来一起学习一下吧!1. 赶紧摇人。在太空电梯危机之中,诺夫被无人机追杀。由于无人机数量太多,张鹏大喊“摇人儿”。这是一句东北方言,指的是叫更多人来帮助自己。但是在电影当中,字幕翻译为:“Shake them off.”,那“shake off”是什么意思呢?Shake offIf you shake off someone who is following you, you manage to get away from them, for example by running faster than them. 甩掉,摆脱(跟随的人)例句:He was unaware that they had shaken off their pursuers.他不知道他们已经甩掉了追捕者。If you shake off someone who is touching you, you move your arm or body sharply so that they are no longer touching you. 甩开,甩掉(使不接触)例句:She shook off his restraining hand.她甩开了他的手。If you shake off something that you do not want such as an illness or a bad habit, you manage to recover from it or get rid of it. 治好(疾病),摆脱(坏习惯等)例句:He was generally feeling bad. He just couldn't shake it off.他整个人感觉不太舒服,总是好不了。所以这里是翻译错误吗?不是的,这里应该是字幕组刻意为之,目的是突出他们携带的同声传译设备无法准确地处理跨文化翻译,只能翻译字面意思,而无法理解其文化内涵。张鹏喊的是“摇人儿”,诺夫接收到的指令却是“甩开他们”。正是因为这一差错,后面诺夫才会说“Working on it.”,然而对应的中文字幕是“我正摇着呢。”,这也是张鹏接收到的反馈。短短几句话形成了一个奇妙的闭环。明明是鸡同鸭讲的“跨服聊天”,结果彼此都没有发现沟通出了问题。最后诺夫大喊“乌拉”,没有去呼叫援军,反而是一通炫技甩掉了无人机。这样一个有趣的情节设计,凸显了电影的别具匠心,也给观众带来更多的欢乐。2. 当年全校第一,不是浪得虚名。诺夫甩掉无人机后开始洋洋得意地炫耀起自己的本领,说:“当年全校第一,不是浪得虚名。”这里出现了一个中国的成语“浪得虚名”,大家可以先想一想怎么翻译?评论区欢迎你的奇思妙想。成语和方言一样,可千万不能字对字翻译,而是要放到语境中充分理解它的内涵。更重要的是,字幕翻译要尽量简洁,最好长度和原文相差不大,在屏幕上展示的时间能够吻合。因此,如果去解释“浪”和“虚名”,译文就难免太过啰嗦。字幕组则直接译为“I was the top figure in school for a reason.”,指的是“我当年全校第一是有道理的”。“for a reason”用得很好,值得我们学习。英语中也经常会说:“Everything happens for a reason.(万事皆有因)”。3. 别浪了。正当诺夫洋洋得意之时,张鹏对诺夫说“别浪了,援军来了。”大家有没有发现,这里又出现一个“浪”字,但此“浪”非彼“浪”。“浪”在这个语境里指的是诺夫的得意忘形、自信膨胀的状态。那你能想到什么词来描述这种状态呢?译文这里用了“swagger”这个词,翻译为“cut the swagger.”我们来一起学习一下。Swaggerv.to walk in an extremely proud and confident way 神气十足地走;大摇大摆地走例句:They swaggered into the room.他们大摇大摆地走进了房间。n. a way of walking or behaving that seems too confident 神气十足;大摇大摆例句:Underneath all his swagger (= way of acting that shows he is very confident and thinks that he is important) , he's actually quite nervous.虽然表面上一副自命不凡的样子,但实际上他很紧张。4. 削他们。这句话估计大家一看就懂,然后会心一笑。英文当中类似意思的表达不少,如果直接翻译成“Attack them”未免太过平淡,没有传达出源语的语气。因此,字幕组在这里使用了一个英文俗语:“Give them hell!”。“hell”本意是“地狱”,“让他们下地狱吧!”既传达了意思,又带有恶狠狠的语气。give somebody hell(informal) to make life unpleasant for somebody 让某人受罪;使某人不好受例句:He used to give his mother hell when he was a teenager.他年少时常常给他妈妈找麻烦。2019年,《流浪地球》开启了中国电影“科幻元年”;2023年,《流浪地球2》再次创造票房奇迹。当张鹏喊出:“中国航天中队,五十岁以上出列”,无数人在电影院热泪盈眶;当周喆直坚定地说:“危难当前,唯有责任”,又有多少人为之动容!影片中好的台词总是令人津津乐道,让人感触颇深。而从这些台词的翻译当中,我们也可以学到很多知识。大家可以尽情挖掘,在评论区分享你们注意到的精妙翻译。不说啦,小编要去二刷三刷啦!(封面图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

练习 | VOA慢速:美国报业公司开始使用AI进行出版

VOA慢速:美国报业公司开始使用AI进行出版US Newspaper Company Starts Using AI for Publishing刘立军 供稿TRANSCRIPTThe largest newspaper company in the U.S., Gannett, says it will start using artificial intelligence (AI) technology to write short versions of stories written by humans.The company recently announced a plan to use “generative AI” to add short pieces of information to the top of each story. Generative AI tools use machine learning methods to train computer systems on huge amounts of data to produce human-quality results.Gannett says it will test the system later this year. Human writers and editors will look at what the technology produces and decide whether it meets the company’s standards for publishing.Renn Turiano is a top official with Gannett. He explained that AI technology can be useful to reduce “tedious” jobs currently performed by journalists. He noted that Gannett will test its AI system slowly before it is permanently deployed.Some news organizations launched the technology too quickly and experienced problems. This included cases where AI systems created factual errors in stories. Turiano said at Gannett, “We’re not making that mistake.”Other news organizations have said they are taking their time considering how to use generative AI tools. This includes the Reuters news agency, which provided the information for this story. Paul Bascobert is the president of Reuters. He said the news organization “embraces” AI. But he added that the news agency is seeking to use “responsible” methods to make sure the system upholds standards for accurate reporting.Earlier this year, two publishers ― Men’s Journal and CNET ― had problems with AI generated material. In January, CNET reported that a number of stories written by AI had appeared on its website without being checked by humans. Many of the stories contained mistakes. In February, Men’s Journal published some AI-generated stories on its website that also contained mistakes.Some experts say one of the problems with AI technologies is that they can “hallucinate,” or make things up that are not true.Nicholas Diakopoulos is a professor of communication studies at Northwestern University in Chicago. He told Reuters he thinks news organizations need to take their time with generative AI. Diakopoulos advises that news organizations not use such tools to publish stories without any human involvement in the process.Gannett recently announced it was cutting 600 jobs. Some of the journalists still working at the company worry that AI will one day replace them. In early June, hundreds of Gannett workers left their jobs for a short time to protest job cuts and low pay. The labor group that represents some of the journalists said the company’s use of generative AI is one of its main concerns.Gannett, however, says the technology will not replace humans. Instead, it is designed to help employees be more effective and give them more time to do other, more valuable work. Journalists from Gannett’s USA Today publication are currently examining test stories written by its generative AI system.Gannett is also working to develop natural language generation technology. That system would write stories based on already-confirmed facts.Reuters reports several large news organizations ― including the New York Times, Washington Post and BBC ― are all working on AI tools to help create stories. Those companies say they are currently testing their systems.Bloomberg, a financial news organization, said it hopes to use AI to create business reports based on financial data.Miranda Marcus is the head of BBC News Labs. The group is testing AI tools that aim to write stories based on previously published information. Those stories are called “explainers.”But the BBC says it is being careful. Marcus discussed the stories with Reuters and said they would never be seen by readers unless a human journalist decided to make them public.Marcus said there are a number of ways AI could be used to help journalists. She called the current situation a “whole other universe of what kinds of stories we can tell with these tools.” But she warned, “We’re not there yet.”I’m Dan Friedell.VOCABULARY1. deploy v. (formal) to use sth. effectively 有效地利用;调动。例如:to deploy arguments / resources利用论据 / 资源2. embrace v. to accept an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc., especially when it is done with enthusiasm 欣然接受,乐意采纳(思想、建议等)3. hallucinate v. to see or hear things that are not really there because of illness or drugs (由于生病、吸毒)幻听,幻视,产生幻觉QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. What is Gannett’s plan for using “generative AI”?A) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.B) To write full-length articles using AI technology.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To train computer systems on huge amounts of data to produce human-quality results.2. According to Renn Turiano, what is one advantage of using AI technology for journalists?A) To help them write more detailed stories.B) To reduce tedious jobs currently performed by journalists.C) To increase the speed of publishing articles.D) To generate more creative ideas for stories.3. What problems did Men’s Journal and CNET experience when they used AI-generated material?A) They experienced problems with AI-generated material.B) They successfully published a number of stories written by AI.C) They replaced their human journalists with AI technology.D) They created a number of “explainers” based on previously published information.4. What is one potential downside of using AI-generated material in journalism?A) It can lead to a decrease in the quality of reporting.B) It can result in the loss of jobs for human journalists.C) It can cause factual errors in stories.D) It can make it difficult to generate new ideas for stories.5. What is the purpose of natural language generation technology being developed by Gannett?A) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.B) To write full-length articles using AI technology.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To write stories based on already-confirmed facts.6. What is Bloomberg’s plan for using AI technology?A) To create business reports based on financial data.B) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To write stories based on already-confirmed facts.7. What is BBC News Labs testing AI tools for?A) To write full-length articles using AI technology.B) To create “explainers” based on previously published information.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.8. What is Miranda Marcus’ opinion on the use of AI in journalism?A) She believes AI should replace human journalists entirely.B) She thinks news organizations should be cautious when using generative AI tools without human involvement in the process.C) She thinks generative AI should be deployed as quickly as possible to keep up with competitors.D) She believes that AI-generated stories are more valuable than those written by humans.KEY1. What is Gannett’s plan for using “generative AI”?A) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.B) To write full-length articles using AI technology.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To train computer systems on huge amounts of data to produce human-quality results.【答案】 C【解析】细节题。Gannett计划使用“生成式AI”在每个故事的顶部添加简短的信息。2. According to Renn Turiano, what is one advantage of using AI technology for journalists?A) To help them write more detailed stories.B) To reduce tedious jobs currently performed by journalists.C) To increase the speed of publishing articles.D) To generate more creative ideas for stories.【答案】B【解析】细节题。Renn Turiano认为,使用AI技术可以减少记者目前执行的“乏味”工作。3. What problems did Men’s Journal and CNET experience when they used AI-generated material?A) They experienced problems with AI-generated material.B) They successfully published a number of stories written by AI.C) They replaced their human journalists with AI technology.D) They created a number of “explainers” based on previously published information.【答案】A【解析】细节题。Men’s Journal和CNET在使用AI生成的材料时遇到了问题。4. What is one potential downside of using AI-generated material in journalism?A) It can lead to a decrease in the quality of reporting.B) It can result in the loss of jobs for human journalists.C) It can cause factual errors in stories.D) It can make it difficult to generate new ideas for stories.【答案】 C【解析】细节题。使用AI生成的材料可能会导致故事中的事实错误。5. What is the purpose of natural language generation technology being developed by Gannett?A) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.B) To write full-length articles using AI technology.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To write stories based on already-confirmed facts.【答案】D【解析】细节题。Gannett正在开发自然语言生成技术,旨在根据已经确认的事实编写故事。6. What is Bloomberg’s plan for using AI technology?A) To create business reports based on financial data.B) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To write stories based on already-confirmed facts.【答案】A【解析】细节题。Bloomberg希望利用AI技术根据财务数据创建商业报告。7. What is BBC News Labs testing AI tools for?A) To write full-length articles using AI technology.B) To create “explainers” based on previously published information.C) To add short pieces of information to the top of each story using AI.D) To replace human journalists with AI-generated stories.【答案】B【解析】细节题。BBC News Labs正在测试AI工具,旨在根据先前发布的信息创建“解释性”故事。8. What is Miranda Marcus’ opinion on the use of AI in journalism?A) She believes AI should replace human journalists entirely.B) She thinks news organizations should be cautious when using generative AI tools without human involvement in the process.C) She thinks generative AI should be deployed as quickly as possible to keep up with competitors.D) She believes that AI-generated stories are more valuable than those written by humans.【答案】B【解析】细节题。Miranda Marcus认为,在没有人类参与的情况下使用生成式AI工具时,新闻机构应该谨慎。(封面图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

练习 | 如何睡得更香

如何睡得更香How to Sleep Better刘立军 供稿TRANSCRIPTSometimes we are just thirsty or too hot, but most often our insomnia is psychological. It is the mind’s revenge for all the efforts that we have, largely unbeknownst to us, been making not to have certain thoughts in the day. We are being woken up by a need to think about something that we have carefully been ignoring, probably thanks to our work, or our social and family commitments. Having attempted to get our attention by more normal means in the clamor and business of the day, our deep minds are now trying to get us to have an appointment with certain insights and ideas in the quieter hours of the night.Our 3 a.m. awakenings are signs that we have repeatedly not been doing the sort of self-reflection we need to do in order to be at peace. We are not being lazy; we are not shunning our responsibilities out of wilfulness. We are simply escaping, for very understandable reasons, from what are liable to be a range of difficult thoughts, perhaps about work, a relationship, or our childhoods.If we are to regain sleep, we should begin to visit ― with greater tenderness and imagination than we allow ourselves in the day ― some of the bolted and locked rooms of our minds. In a spirit of gentle curiosity, we might dare to raise certain sorts of enquiry:l What am I truly, truly sad about at the moment?l Who has hurt me?l What needs to change?l What is the real grief beneath the surface anxiety?l What is my gut telling me I need to know now and to do next?These can be uncomfortable questions, no doubt, but we can use the night to help us to face them. Everyone else is asleep. It matters a little less now that we think in conventional ways. We can be a bit odd, fanciful, imaginative and kind. We can go a little mad between 3 and 4 a.m. and no one needs to know. We can write things down in a notebook and destroy the pages in the morning. What counts is that we give ourselves the chance to understand our shy and pained deep psyches a little better. They have been crying out for our attention and we have ― till now ― run away from our duty of care.Our minds’ ultimate responsibility is always to our growth and our self-understanding. They want us to sleep of course; they understand as well as any expert that rest is important, but they have as a priority something even more important than energetic limbs, and that is psychological insight. They need us to have felt what needs to be felt, to have been angry where we are in a rage, to be sad where we are grief-stricken. They are irrepressibly driven to try to align our surfaces with our depths. They are trying to send us, as it were, to the School of Night, not to be unkind, but so that we can catch up on some very key lessons about who we really are that we have until now been too distracted or squeamish to attend.We will sleep better once we begin to ask ourselves these questions on a regular basis.VOCABULARY1. insomnia n. the condition of being unable to sleep 失眠(症)。例如:to suffer from insomnia 失眠2. unbeknownst adj. 未知的,不为人知的3. clamor n. a loud noise especially one that is made by a lot of people or animals 喧闹声;嘈杂声;吵闹。例如:the cla.m.our of the market 市场上鼎沸的人声4. shun v. to avoid sb. /sth. 避开;回避;避免。例如:an actor who shuns publicity 一个避免引起公众注意的演员5. wilfulness n. 任性;倔强6. bolt v. to fasten sth. such as a door or window by sliding a bolt across; to be able to be fastened in this way 用插销闩上;能被闩上7. gut n. the place where your natural feelings that make you react in a particular way are thought to be 内心;直觉;本能。例如:I had a feeling in my guts that something was wrong. 我本能地感到出了事。8. psyche n. (formal) the mind; your deepest feelings and attitudes 灵魂;心灵;精神;心态。例如:the human psyche 人的心灵9. irrepressibly adv. 无法抑制地10. align sth. (with / to sth.): to change sth. slightly so that it is in the correct relationship to sth. else 使…(与…)一致11. squeamish adj. easily upset, or made to feel sick by unpleasant sights or situations, especially when the sight of blood is involved 易心烦意乱的;易恶心的;神经脆弱的QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. What are the reasons for our insomnia according to the passage?A) Thirst and heat.B) Psychological factors.C) Excessive work commitments.D) Lack of self-reflection.2. According to the passage, why do our deep minds wake us up at 3 a.m.?A) To disrupt our sleep pattern.B) To make us think about ignored thoughts.C) To punish us for laziness.D) To remind us of our responsibilities.3. According to the passage, what should we do to regain sleep?A) Avoid self-reflection.B) Write down our thoughts in a notebook.C) Seek expert help.D) Destroy the pages of the notebook.4. What is the ultimate responsibility of our minds according to the passage?A) Ensuring restful sleep.B) Providing psychological insight.C) Achieving energetic limbs.D) Promoting growth and self-understanding.KEY1. What are the reasons for our insomnia according to the passage?A) Thirst and heat.B) Psychological factors.C) Excessive work commitments.D) Lack of self-reflection.【答案】B【解析】细节题。根据文章内容,“Sometimes we are just thirsty or too hot, but most often our insomnia is psychological.”(有时我们只是口渴或太热,但大多数情况下我们的失眠是心理上的。)因此,根据文章所述,失眠的原因主要是心理因素。2. According to the passage, why do our deep minds wake us up at 3 a.m.?A) To disrupt our sleep pattern.B) To make us think about ignored thoughts.C) To punish us for laziness.D) To remind us of our responsibilities.【答案】B【解析】细节题。根据文章内容,“We are being woken up by a need to think about something that we have carefully been ignoring ... our deep minds are now trying to get us to have an appointment with certain insights and ideas in the quieter hours of the night.”(我们被唤醒是因为有需要思考一些我们一直在忽视的事情……我们深层的思想现在试图让我们在更静谧的夜晚与某些洞察力和想法进行约会。)因此,根据文章所述,我们被唤醒是为了让我们思考被忽视的想法。3. According to the passage, what should we do to regain sleep?A) Avoid self-reflection.B) Write down our thoughts in a notebook.C) Seek expert help.D) Destroy the pages of the notebook.【答案】B【解析】细节题。根据文章内容,“We can write things down in a notebook and destroy the pages in the morning.”(我们可以把东西写在笔记本上,然后在早上撕掉那些页面。)因此,根据文章所述,我们应该把自己的想法写在笔记本上。4. What is the ultimate responsibility of our minds according to the passage?A) Ensuring restful sleep.B) Providing psychological insight.C) Achieving energetic limbs.D) Promoting growth and self-understanding.【答案】D【解析】细节题。根据文章内容,“Our minds’ ultimate responsibility is always to our growth and our self-understanding.”(我们思想的最终责任始终是我们的成长和自我理解。)因此,根据文章所述,我们思想的最终责任是促进成长和自我理解。(封面图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

练习 | 自我导向学习

自我导向学习Self-Directed Learning刘立军 供稿TRANSCRIPTDo you take the initiative with your learning? Can you work out what you need to learn, decide how you’re going to do it, and then judge how well your learning went?Self-directed learners do all these things and more and their learning is all the better for it. So let’s look at seven ways you can become a self-directed learner.First, find the time. When you’re busy, learning can feel like a luxury, but it’s important to create pockets of self-development time when you can. Some people find it’s best to set aside the same slot every week. For flexible workers, home days may provide opportunities for undisturbed learning. For others, the commute can be a great time to read research papers or industry blogs or to listen to a podcast. Find what works best for you.Next, set some goals. This will help you commit to your learning and keep you motivated as you track your progress. Remember to make your goals SMART, in other words, specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. The bigger your learning goals, the more detailed they’ll need to be.Think long term. You’ll naturally want to develop knowledge and skills to help in your current role, but think about your longer-term aspirations, too. What will you need to meet your next challenge or to move forward in your career? Look at the people who inspire you. What have they done that’s helped them get where they are today? And what about outside of work? Perhaps you could pursue one of your hobbies as a fun and challenging way to grow.Set up your own “to-learn list.” Many of us keep a to-do list for our daily, weekly, or monthly tasks. Similarly, a to-learn list can help you manage your learning over time. Look at this list regularly, schedule your learning activities, and discuss them during one-on-ones with your manager. If you can, bundle activities together to make them more manageable.Remember to share the load. Self-directed learning isn’t just about you. By sharing your development activities with others, you can get support with what you are doing now and ideas about where to go next. This is a great way to grow your personal learning network, too.Reflect as you go. A good way to monitor and manage your learning is to use a reflective journal. Record observations, thoughts, and feelings about your learning. Reflective questions can be useful if you ever feel stuck. For example, what have you learned this week? What’s gone well and what hasn’t? What could you do differently next time?Finally, become a lifelong learner. Learning isn’t just about meeting specific challenges in your career. The rapidly changing world of work requires all of us to be flexible, open-minded, and adaptable. And lifelong learning is as good for your health as your career. Studies show that being a self-directed learner can keep your brain fit and even boost your longevity. What’s more, regularly stepping outside of your comfort zone should keep you interested and challenged, as well as excited about what you could achieve next.VOCABULARY1. initiative n. the power or opportunity to act and gain an advantage before other people do 掌握有利条件的能力(或机会);主动权。例如:to seize / lose the initiative 掌握 / 丧失先机2. slot n. a position, a time or an opportunity for sb. / sth., for example in a list, a program of events or a series of broadcasts (名单、日程安排或广播节目表中的)位置,时间3. commute n. the journey that a person makes when they commute to work 上下班路程。例如:I have only a short commute to work. 我上班的路程很近。4. bundle … together: to make or tie sth. into a bundle 捆扎;把……打包。例如:The papers were all bundled together, ready to be thrown out. 报纸全部捆好,准备扔掉。QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. What is the first step to becoming a self-directed learner?A) Finding time for self-development.B) Setting long-term goals.C) Sharing your development activities with others.D) Reflecting on your learning.2. Why is it important to make your learning goals SMART?A) To impress your manager with your ambitionB) To keep you motivated as you track your progressC) To make your learning more challengingD) To show off your knowledge to others3. What is a “to-learn list”?A) A list of daily tasks.B) A list of monthly goals.C) A list of learning activities.D) A list of long-term aspirations.4. Why is it important to reflect on your learning?A) To impress your manager with your progressB) To keep you motivated as you track your progressC) To compete with othersD) To show off your knowledge to others5. Why is it important to share your development activities with others?A) To show off your progressB) To compete with othersC) To get support and ideasD) To keep your learning private6. Why is becoming a lifelong learner important?A) To meet specific challenges in your careerB) To keep you interested and challengedC) To impress your manager with your ambitionD) To show off your knowledge to othersKEY1. What is the first step to becoming a self-directed learner?A) Finding time for self-development.B) Setting long-term goals.C) Sharing your development activities with others.D) Reflecting on your learning.【答案】A【分析】细节题。文章提到,成为自主学习者的第一步是为腾出时间用于自我发展。2. Why is it important to make your learning goals SMART?A) To impress your manager with your ambitionB) To keep you motivated as you track your progressC) To make your learning more challengingD) To show off your knowledge to others【答案】B【分析】推理题。文章提到,制定SMART目标可以帮助你投入到自我学习中,并在追踪进度时保持动力满满。3. What is a “to-learn list”?A) A list of daily tasks.B) A list of monthly goals.C) A list of learning activities.D) A list of long-term aspirations.【答案】C【解析】细节题。文章提到,创建“待学清单”可以帮助你管理自己的学习,在与经理一对一讨论时可以讨论这些清单内容。4. Why is it important to reflect on your learning?A) To impress your manager with your progressB) To keep you motivated as you track your progressC) To compete with othersD) To show off your knowledge to others【答案】B【分析】推理题。文章提到,使用反思日志可以帮助你监控和管理自己的学习,记录关于学习的观察、想法和感受。5. Why is it important to share your development activities with others?A) To show off your progressB) To compete with othersC) To get support and ideasD) To keep your learning private【答案】C【分析】推理题。文章提到,与他人分享你自我成长的各种活动可以帮助你获得支持,集思广益。这也是扩展个人成长网络的好方法。6. Why is becoming a lifelong learner important?A) To meet specific challenges in your careerB) To keep you interested and challengedC) To impress your manager with your ambitionD) To show off your knowledge to others【答案】B【分析】推理题。文章提到,成为终身学习者不仅是为了满足职业上的具体挑战。快速变化的工作世界要求我们都要具备灵活性、开放性和适应性。而且终身学习对于健康和职业都有好处。(封面图片来源于摄图网,版权归摄图网所有)

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