全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3（思政智慧版）

全新版大学英语视听说教程2

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

新闻听力 | 负能量之人会使身边人加速衰老

负能量之人会使身边人加速衰老How Toxic People Make Us Age Faster常速 | 六级 | 570词 | 4min25s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. In which scientific journal was the new study on toxic social ties published?A. The Lancet.B. Nature.C. Journal of the American Medical Association.D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Q2. What advanced method was used in the study to measure the volunteers’ biological age?A. Blood pressure monitoring.B. Genetic sequencing analysis.C. Hormone level testing.D. DNA methylation-based aging clocks.Q3. What percentage of the volunteers reported having at least one toxic person in their social network?A. 8.1%.B. 10%.C. 28.8%.D. 38.8%.Q4. Why might a toxic spouse have a weaker effect on aging than toxic friends or family members?A. Because people usually spend less time with their spouses than with friends.B. Because the positive aspects of marriage may reduce some negative effects.C. Because toxic friends are generally more aggressive than toxic spouses.D. Because spouses are more likely to receive professional help for their issues.Q5. What is the main message that the passage intends to convey?A. Toxic people accelerate aging and should be avoided to promote healthier aging.B. The biological aging process is determined by a person’s social network.C. Marriage can offer total protection against the negative effects of toxic people.D. Women are more likely than men to have toxic people in their social network.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Toxic People Make Us Age FasterHow bad are toxic people for physical health?Supportive and positive social relationships with friends and family members can have many positive effects on health and mental well-being. In contrast, toxic friends or family members that are overly hostile, permanently passive-aggressive, or purposefully difficult can become huge stressors. Chronic stress has all sorts of negative effects on both mental and physical health. For example, stress research has shown that chronic stress can accelerate ageing and increase inflammation.inflammation n. 炎症This implies an intriguing research question: Do toxic people not only worsen our mental health, but do they maybe also have a very real effect on biological age and accelerate the ageing process due to all the stress they cause?A new study on toxic social ties, accelerated aging, and inflammation(Q1) A new study, just published in the prestigious scientific journal “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” (or in short: PNAS), was focused on finding out whether toxic people accelerate biological aging (Lee and co-workers, 2026). In the study entitled “Negative social ties as emerging risk factors for accelerated aging, inflammation, and multimorbidity”, (Q2) the research team led by scientist Byungkyu Lee from New York University used an advanced biological method called DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks. This method allowed them to determine the biological age of the volunteers in their study. Overall, data from more than 2,300 volunteers from Indiana were analyzed in the study. For each volunteer, the scientists determined their social networks and whether they had one or more “hasslers” in their social network. “Hasslers” were people who caused the person too much stress and difficulty. Moreover, saliva samples were collected from the volunteers to perform the advanced DNA methylation-based determination of their biological age. Moreover, the volunteers filled out further questionnaires on health and mental health.multimorbidity n. 多病症methylation-based adj. 基于甲基化的hassler n. 困难，麻烦saliva n. 唾液questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表Results of the study: Toxic people accelerate agingOverall, the volunteers identified 8.1 percent of the overall number of people in their social networks as toxic “hasslers.” (Q3) Overall, 28.8 percent of volunteers reported having one or more toxic people in their social networks. 10 percent of volunteers had two or more toxic people in their social network. Women were more likely than men to have at least one toxic person in their social network. Moreover, people who felt like others depended on them a lot were more likely to have toxic people in their network.The analysis showed that each toxic person led to a 1.5 percent faster ageing process. On average, the biological age of volunteers with toxic people in their social networks was 9 months higher than that of people of the same birth age without toxic friends or family members. (Q4) Interestingly, toxic family members or toxic friends had stronger effects on ageing than toxic spouses. This may be the case because the positive effects of marriage, such as reduced loneliness, may buffer some of the negative effects of toxic social contacts. Last but not least, having a toxic person in the social network also affected multiple further biological parameters beyond biological ageing, such as inflammation levels.buffer v. 减缓，减少Take-Away: Stay away from toxic peopleThe study clearly showed that toxic friends or family members have very real biological effects. They not only cause reduced mental well-being and frustration but also accelerate ageing and increase inflammation in the body. (Q5) This suggests that for healthy ageing and general well-being, reducing contact with toxic people is highly important.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study, just published in the prestigious scientific journal ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America’ (or in short: PNAS).”。 该句明确指出了期刊名称，即著名的科学杂志《美国国家科学院院刊》（简称PNAS），因此，正确答案为D。Q2. D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research team used an advanced biological method called DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks. This method allowed them to determine the biological age of the volunteers.”。 意为：“研究团队使用了一种先进的生物学方法，叫做‘基于DNA甲基化的生物年龄时钟’。这种方法使他们能够确定志愿者的生物学年龄。” 因此，正确答案为D。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Overall, 28.8 percent of volunteers reported having one or more toxic people in the social network.”。 意为：“总体而言，28.8%的志愿者称其社交网络中有一个或多个‘带有负能量的’的人。” 因此，正确答案为C。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Interestingly, toxic family members or toxic friends had stronger effects on ageing than toxic spouses. This may be the case because the positive effects of marriage, such as reduced loneliness, may buffer some of the negative effects of toxic social contacts.”。 意为：“有趣的是，带有负能量的家人或朋友比负能量配偶对衰老的影响更大。这或许是因为婚姻带来的积极影响如减少孤独感等，在一定程度上缓冲了带有负能量的社交关系所带来的部分负面影响。”由此正确答案为B。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。结合全文，文章的核心观点是远离带有负能量之人以促进健康，减缓衰老，因此，正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

时文选读 | 噩梦对健康有害吗？

噩梦对健康有害吗？Are nightmares bad for your health?考研 | 479词刘立军供稿Part I. PassageMost people have experienced a nightmare at some point in their lives. For centuries, people believed that bad dreams were caused by evil spirits that visited sleepers during the night. Although modern science no longer accepts such explanations, many people still wonder whether nightmares can affect their health. Recent research suggests that they can.Occasional nightmares are common and usually harmless. However, people who experience them frequently, such as once a week or more, may face a number of health risks. Researchers estimate that between 2% and 6% of people suffer from frequent nightmares, and studies have found that this group is more likely to experience both physical and mental health problems.Some of these connections are not surprising. Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder are often accompanied by nightmares. People who live with long-term pain may also experience it more often. More surprisingly, researchers have found links between nightmares and other serious health conditions, including certain brain disorders, heart disease, and immune system problems. In some cases, nightmares may even appear years before other symptoms become obvious.One researcher, Dr. Abidemi Otaiku, examined data from several long-term studies involving more than 180,000 adults and 2,500 children in Britain and the United States. His findings showed that people who experienced nightmares at least once a week were much more likely to die before the age of 70 than those who rarely had them. In fact, frequent nightmares appeared to be a stronger predictor of early death than some well-known risk factors, including obesity and an unhealthy diet.Why might this be the case? One possible explanation is stress. Nightmares often trigger strong emotional reactions and increase the production of stress hormones in the body. According to Dr. Otaiku, people who frequently experience nightmares tend to show signs of faster aging at the cellular level, which may be linked to these stress hormones. His research suggests that such biological changes could account for about 40% of the increased risk of premature death among frequent nightmare sufferers. However, researchers still do not know what explains the remaining 60% of the risk. Although more research is needed, these findings suggest that the long-term effects of stress may play an important role in the relationship between nightmares and poor health.The good news is that nightmares should not simply be accepted as a normal part of life. They may serve as an early warning sign that something is wrong, whether physically or psychologically. Treatments such as counseling, stress-management techniques, and certain medications can help reduce the frequency of nightmares for some people.Although scientists still have much to learn about why nightmares occur, the growing body of evidence suggests that they deserve more attention. Paying attention to recurring nightmares may not only improve sleep quality but also help people identify and address potential health problems before they become more serious.【Vocabulary】1. post-traumatic adj. 创伤后的 Part II. QuestionsQ1. According to the passage, how common are frequent nightmares in the general population?A. About 10% to 15% of the population.B. Roughly 2% to 6% of the population.C. Nearly half of the population.D. Less than 1% of the population.Q2. What did Dr. Otaiku find by analyzing some long-term studies?A. People with frequent nightmares often recover from illness more slowly.B. Nightmares mainly affect children rather than adults.C. Frequent nightmares are linked with a higher risk of dying early.D. Most people who die early suffer from neurological diseases.Q3. According to the passage, what may partly explain the increased risk of early death among people prone to nightmares?A. Accelerated aging at the cellular level.B. Lack of regular physical exercise.C. Poor sleeping environments.D. Increased consumption of unhealthy food.Q4. What does the speaker imply about the link between nightmares and poor health?A. It is primarily caused by genetic factors.B. It has been fully explained by current research.C. Long-term stress may significantly contribute to it.D. It only affects people with pre-existing mental disorders.Q5. What does the author suggest about the medical study of nightmares?A. It has already produced many effective treatments.B. It focuses mainly on neurological diseases.C. It is no longer necessary because the causes are clear.D. It is still insufficient and should receive more attention.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。本题考查文章中关于“经常做噩梦的人群比例”的具体信息。题目出处为：“Researchers estimate that between 2% and 6% of people suffer from frequent nightmares ...”。 意为：“研究员估计大约2%到6%的人经常做噩梦……”因此B项为正确答案。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。本题考查研究结论。题目出处为：“His findings showed that people who experienced nightmares at least once a week were much more likely to die before the age of 70 than those who rarely had them.”。 意为：“他的研究发现，每周至少做一次噩梦的人，在70岁之前死亡的概率比极少做噩梦的人高得多。”该句直接说明频繁噩梦与更高的早逝风险之间存在明显关联，因此C项正确。Q3.A.【解析】细节题。本题考查导致早逝风险增加的生物学解释。题目出处为：“According to Dr. Otaiku, people who frequently experience nightmares tend to show signs of faster aging at the cellular level, which may be linked to these stress hormones. His research suggests that such biological changes could account for about 40% of the increased risk of premature death among frequent nightmare sufferers.”。意为：“据Otaiku博士介绍，经常做噩梦的人在细胞层面往往表现出加速衰老的迹象，这可能与应激激素有关。他的研究指出，这类生理变化能够解释频繁受噩梦困扰者早逝风险升高近四成的原因。” 这句话说明容易做噩梦的人在细胞层面会出现加速衰老的迹象，这在某种程度上导致他们早逝的风险增多。因此A项正确。Q4. C.【解析】推理题。本题要求根据文章信息进行逻辑推断。题目出处为：“Although more research is needed, these findings suggest that the long-term effects of stress may play an important role in the relationship between nightmares and poor health.”。意为：“尽管还需更多研究，但这些发现表明，压力所带来的长期影响可能在噩梦与健康恶化之间扮演着关键角色。”这说明长期压力可能与噩梦和健康不佳之间有强相关的关系，与选项C完全对应。Q5. D.【解析】主旨观点题。本题考查作者在文章结尾表达的总体态度。题目出处为：“Although scientists still have much to learn about why nightmares occur, the growing body of evidence suggests that they deserve more attention.”。意为：“尽管科学家对噩梦成因仍知之甚少，但越来越多的证据表明，噩梦值得引起更多关注。”这句话表明，作者认为目前医学界对噩梦的研究还不够，需要进一步加强，因此D项正确。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 褪黑素安全吗？专家解释潜在风险和益处

褪黑素安全吗？专家解释潜在风险和益处Is Melatonin Safe? Experts Explain the Potential Risks - And the Benefits文本难度：四级刘立军供稿As many as 70 million people in the U.S. have problems with sleep, and many are increasingly turning to melatonin supplements to help them fall asleep. People generally perceive these over-the-counter gummies, liquids and tablets as harmless. But recent research has raised new questions about whether the popular sleep aid is as benign as people assume, especially the longer it’s used. 美国有多达7000万人存在睡眠问题，其中越来越多人开始依赖褪黑素补充剂来助眠。人们普遍认为这类非处方的软糖、口服液和片剂无害，但近期研究却引发了新的担忧：这种广受欢迎的助眠产品是否真如人们所想的那样安全——尤其是在长期使用的情况下？ 1. How does melatonin work in the body? 褪黑素在体内如何产生效果？ Melatonin is a hormone that humans naturally produce, as do all other mammals, including bears. It regulates the body’s circadian rhythm, the 24-hour biological “clock” that influences when we are sleepy or awake and alert. The body’s melatonin levels fluctuate in response to light – the brain’s control center for sleep suppresses levels during the day and boosts levels at night. As the hormone circulates in the bloodstream, it tones down the signals that keep us awake, but it doesn’t cause sleep, says Jennifer Martin, a psychologist at Florida International University. Instead of acting like a sedative, melatonin sends the body biological signals that it’s nighttime. 褪黑素是一种人体自然分泌的激素，其他哺乳动物（包括熊）也会产生。它负责调节人体的昼夜节律——即影响我们何时困倦、何时清醒或保持警觉的24小时生物“钟”。体内褪黑素水平会随光线变化而波动：大脑中控制睡眠的中枢在白天会抑制其分泌，夜间则提升其水平。佛罗里达国际大学的心理学家詹妮弗·马丁（Jennifer Martin）表示，当褪黑素在血液中循环时，它会减弱那些让我们保持清醒的信号，但并不会直接催人入睡。与安眠药不同，褪黑素向身体传递的是“天黑了”的生物信号。 2. What are melatonin’s short-term side effects?褪黑素有哪些短期副作用？ Melatonin supplements are generally considered safe, but some people do report headaches, dizziness, or nausea after exposure. Taking too much at one time can disrupt sleep rather than improve it. Too much of the drug may also trigger something akin to a melatonin hangover the next day: lingering amounts in the blood can cause grogginess and tiredness. 褪黑素补充剂通常被认为是安全的，但有些人服用后会出现头痛、头晕或恶心等症状。一次性摄入过量不仅无助于改善睡眠，反而可能扰乱睡眠。剂量过高还可能引发次日类似“褪黑素宿醉”的反应：血液中残留的褪黑素会让人昏沉乏力、精神不振。 Supplements are sold with doses that are “much, much higher than anybody is naturally producing,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep specialist at Stanford University. The hormone is commonly sold in five-milligram concentrations, though some “extra strength” products say they contain up to 40 milligrams. 斯坦福大学的睡眠专家杰米·蔡策（Jamie Zeitzer）表示，市面上销售的褪黑素补充剂剂量“远远高于人体自然产生的水平”。这类产品通常以5毫克的剂量销售，而某些“加强型”产品甚至标称含量高达40毫克。 “More isn’t better,” Martin says. “For a lot of people, a small dose is the most beneficial.”“剂量并非越多越好，”马丁表示，“对很多人来说，小剂量反而效果最佳。” Getting the right amount can be tricky. While the melatonin used in supplements is chemically identical to that produced in the body, the actual amount of the hormone in these products may not match what’s on their label. Some over-the-counter products contained anywhere from 80 percent less to about 470 percent more melatonin than advertised, a 2017 study found. Melatonin is sold as a supplement, which means such products reach the market without the Food and Drug Administration first evaluating their safety or production standards. Shalini Paruthi, a sleep medicine physician at John J. Cochran Veterans Hospital in St. Louis and spokesperson for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, says to look for U.S. Pharmacopeia-certified products, which are tested for the quantity of their listed ingredients. 要摄入合适的剂量并不容易。尽管补充剂中的褪黑素在化学结构上与人体自身产生的完全相同，但产品中实际含有的激素量可能与标签所标注的不符。2017年的一项研究发现，某些非处方产品的褪黑素含量比标示值少80%或多出约470%。由于褪黑素是以膳食补充剂的形式销售，这类产品无需经过美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）对其安全性或生产标准的预先审查即可上市。圣路易斯市约翰·J·科克伦退伍军人医院的睡眠医学医生、美国睡眠医学会发言人莎莉妮·帕鲁西（Shalini Paruthi）建议选择经美国药典（U.S. Pharmacopeia）认证的产品——这类产品会经过检测，确保其所含成分的计量与标签一致。 3. How does long-term melatonin use affect health?长期使用褪黑素对健康有何影响？ At a conference in early November, researchers at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University and their colleagues presented an analysis of U.K. medical records that raised concerns about long-term melatonin use. Almost 5 percent of 65,414 adults with insomnia who took melatonin for at least a year experienced heart failure (whereas almost 3 percent of those who did not take the sleep aid did so). People who took melatonin for at least a year were also more than three times as likely to be hospitalized for heart failure and nearly twice as likely to die from any cause compared with those who had no medical record of taking melatonin. 今年11月初的一场会议上，纽约州立大学下州健康科学大学（SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University）的研究人员及其同事公布了一项基于英国医疗记录的分析，引发了对长期使用褪黑素的担忧。在65414名患有失眠症的成年人中，约有5%服用褪黑素至少一年的人出现心力衰竭（而对于未服用褪黑素者，这一比例约为3%）。此外，与没有褪黑素用药记录的人群相比，服用褪黑素至少一年的人因心力衰竭住院的风险高出三倍以上，全因死亡风险也接近翻倍。 But some experts believe the findings, which have not yet been published or peer-reviewed, might say more about the consequences of poor sleep rather than melatonin use. “I don’t see a very good reason for melatonin to be directly involved in [heart failure],” Zeitzer says. Bad sleep is more likely to put extra pressure on the cardiovascular system, he says. Chronic insomnia is already known to be related to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction and issues with memory, learning and mental health. A more likely explanation for the new study’s trends is that people with poor sleep are relying on melatonin, which might not be helping them, Martin says. 但一些专家认为，这项尚未发表、也未经同行评审的研究结果，或许更多反映的是睡眠不足本身的危害，而非褪黑素直接所致。他指出，“我实在看不出褪黑素直接导致[心力衰竭]的合理机制，”蔡策表示。更可能的情况是，糟糕的睡眠给心血管系统带来了额外负担。事实上，慢性失眠已被证实与多种健康风险升高相关，包括心血管疾病、代谢紊乱，以及记忆力、学习能力和心理健康问题。马丁认为，新研究所观察到的趋势，更可能是由于睡眠不佳的人群在依赖褪黑素，而褪黑素可能并未真正改善他们的睡眠。 Other long-term studies haven’t found evidence that melatonin harms the heart. But there isn’t much substantial, long-term safety data for melatonin. 其他一些长期研究尚未发现褪黑素损害心脏的证据，但目前关于褪黑素长期使用的安全性，仍缺乏充分、可靠的数据。 4. How effective is melatonin as a sleep aid?褪黑素作为助眠剂的效果如何？ The hype around melatonin is a bit misleading. In placebo-controlled trials, people who take melatonin fell asleep just seven minutes faster on average and slept about eight minutes longer than those who took a placebo. But improvements are larger when participants knew they were getting melatonin. The placebo effect might explain this finding, Martin says. “When you believe something will work, you tend to be a little more relaxed and fall asleep more quickly,” she adds. 围绕褪黑素的宣传具有一些误导性。在安慰剂对照试验中，服用褪黑素的人平均仅比服用安慰剂的人早7分钟入睡，总睡眠时间也只延长了约8分钟。然而，当受试者知道自己服用了褪黑素时，改善效果更为明显。马丁指出，这一现象可能源于安慰剂效应：“当你相信某种东西有效时，往往会更放松，从而更快入睡。” Timing seems to matter, too. In one analysis, taking melatonin about three hours before bedtime and in four-milligram doses led to the greatest improvements. Clinicians typically recommend two-milligram supplements, however. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends melatonin for some sleep issues related to time adjustments such as jet lag and shift work but not for insomnia. 服用时机似乎也很关键。一项分析显示，在睡前约三小时服用4毫克褪黑素，对睡眠的改善效果最佳。不过，临床医生通常推荐使用2毫克剂量的褪黑素。美国睡眠医学会推荐将褪黑素用于改善某些与时间调整相关的睡眠问题（如时差反应或轮班工作所引起的睡眠障碍），但不推荐将其用于治疗失眠症。 If melatonin works for you, keep using it, Zeitzer says. Evidence isn’t strong enough yet to show long-term use improves or worsens health, Martin says. She suggests people should work with a specialist if their sleep problems persist. “There are effective treatments for sleep disorders,” she says. “People don’t have to suffer.” 蔡策表示：“如果你觉得褪黑素对你有效，那就继续使用。”马丁则指出，目前尚无足够证据表明长期使用褪黑素会改善或损害健康。但她建议，如果睡眠问题持续存在，应寻求专科医生的帮助。“睡眠障碍是存在有效的治疗方法的，”她说，“人们不必默默忍受。”【词汇】 1. melatonin n. 褪黑素（一种调节睡眠的激素）2. benign adj. 良性的3. hormone n. 激素4. circadian adj. 昼夜节律的；生理节奏的5. suppress v. 抑制6. akin adj. 类似的；同类的7. hangover n. 宿醉；（引申义）残留不适感8. lingering adj. 拖延的，缓慢消失的9. grogginess n. 昏沉；迷糊状态10. milligram n. 毫克11. over-the-counter product 非处方药12. insomnia n. 失眠13. cardiovascular adj. 心血管的14. chronic adj. 慢性的15. dysfunction n. 功能障碍16. hype n. 大肆宣传；炒作17. placebo n. 安慰剂 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 教育网红猝然离世，他曾为千万学子规划“成功路径”

教育网红猝然离世，他曾为千万学子规划“成功路径”The Sudden Death of a Man Who Told Chinese Kids How to Succeed常速 | 六级 偏难 | 596词 | 3min27s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What was Zhang Xuefeng known for as China’s most famous education influencer?A. Teaching students how to improve their physical health.B. Giving direct and harsh advice on how to achieve success.C. Encouraging students to pursue their idealistic dreams.D. Writing best-selling books about liberal arts education.Q2. According to the passage, how did Zhang Xuefeng view the liberal arts and finance?A. Liberal arts are good for high-paying jobs, and finance requires luck.B. Liberal arts only suit rich students, and finance is a safe choice.C. Liberal arts mainly lead to service jobs, and finance needs connections.D. Liberal arts offer many opportunities, and finance is easy to enter.Q3. What questions did people on social media ask after Zhang Xuefeng’s sudden death?A. Whether his advice helped young people or discouraged their idealism.B. Whether he regretted being too harsh in his public comments.C. Whether his family would continue his consulting company.D. Whether the government would regulate education influencers.Q4. What can be inferred about Zhang Xuefeng’s attitude towards career choices for students from ordinary families?A. He believed they should pursue their dreams regardless of money.B. He thought they should choose practical majors to support living.C. He suggested they should avoid going to any university at all.D. He argued that only wealthy families have the right to choose.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Zhang believed students should study journalism despite poor job prospects.B. Zhang was the most popular influencer who helped wealthy students.C. Zhang’s videos and livestreams were banned by the government.D. Zhang’s sudden death made people rethink his advice and work culture.Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe Sudden Death of a Man Who Told Chinese Kids How to SucceedAny Chinese parent or student fixated on education — so, basically, most Chinese parents and students — knew the name Zhang Xuefeng. (Q1) As China’s most famous education influencer, Mr. Zhang was known for dispensing ruthlessly blunt advice about how to maximize a student’s chances at success.fixate v. 专注于；对……过分执著(Q2) The liberal arts? Only good for service jobs, he declared. Finance? Don’t bother unless your family has connections. Fast-talking and sharp-tongued, to his detractors, he was cynical and utilitarian. But to his tens of millions of fans, he embodied a rare willingness to acknowledge the harsh realities facing less privileged students, especially in the face of steep inequality and a slowing economy.detractor n. 贬低者；诋毁者utilitarian adj. 功利的；实用主义的So when Mr. Zhang suddenly died on Tuesday at age 41, of cardiac arrest, it prompted an outpouring — not only of shock, but also of reflection.cardiac adj. 心脏的；心脏病的outpouring n. （情感的）涌出，迸发(Q3) On social media, people asked: Had he steered young Chinese to better lives or discouraged their idealism? (5) What did his abrupt death, after he had long complained of being exhausted and overworked, say about China’s hypercompetitive work culture? And if life was so unpredictable, did planning so carefully for success that seemed increasingly out of reach even matter?hypercompetitive adj. 高度竞争的；竞争异常激烈的“Zhang Xuefeng’s lesson to lost young people: Enjoy your life,” was one of the top hashtags on Chinese social media on Wednesday, where news of Mr. Zhang’s death dominated discussion. “Excessive self-discipline” was another, a response to state media reports that Mr. Zhang had collapsed after going for a run in Suzhou, the city in eastern China where he lived.Another popular education influencer, Zhu Wei, posted a long tribute online, praising Mr. Zhang’s vigor and sincerity. Mr. Zhu urged his own students to slow down in their pursuit of test scores and jobs.“But I also know, what’s the cruelest thing about the age of internet traffic? It’s that nothing lasts even a month before it’s forgotten,” Mr. Zhu wrote. “Everyone will soon go back to their usual state, endlessly striving and slogging, never able to stop.”slog v. 埋头苦干；坚持不懈地努力Mr. Zhang was born in a small town in northern China. His real name was Zhang Zibiao, though he later adopted the name Xuefeng. He tested into a middling university, where he studied water supply and drainage, for which he had little enthusiasm, according to interviews he gave. After graduation, he turned to tutoring and college counseling.He shot to fame in 2016, for a video in which he — in what would become his signature rapid-fire, snark-infused patter — summarized China’s top 34 universities in seven minutes. He started a consulting company where he helped students choose majors, internships, and careers based on cold-eyed considerations of their test scores, family backgrounds, and whether they prioritized money or stability. His livestreams attracted hundreds of thousands of views, and his courses could cost thousands of dollars.patter n. 顺口溜；（饶舌的）念叨internship n. 实习；实习期His celebrity came as much from his advice as his willingness to provoke. A comment in 2023 that parents should knock their children unconscious rather than let them study journalism, because of the weak job prospects, set off days of online debate. Critics said he misunderstood the point of education or was suggesting that poorer students shouldn’t follow their dreams.“I come from an ordinary family,” Mr. Zhang wrote in response. (Q4) “If you come from a wealthy family, you have more choices, you can’t choose wrongly. But most families aren’t that well-off, and when choosing a major, you have to choose one that’s suitable and will put food on the table.”Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“As China’s most famous education influencer, Mr. Zhang was known for dispensing ruthlessly blunt advice about how to maximize a student’s chances at success.”。意为：“作为中国最著名的教育类网红，张雪峰以提供直截了当的建议而闻名，这些建议聚焦于如何最大限度地提升学生未来成功的几率。”因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The liberal arts? Only good for service jobs, he declared. Finance? Don’t bother unless your family has connections.”。意为：“人文学科？他宣称只适合服务业。金融？除非家里有关系，否则别费劲了。”该句明确指出张雪峰认为人文学科主要通向服务类工作，而金融行业需要家庭人脉，因此正确答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“On social media, people asked: Had he steered young Chinese to better lives or discouraged their idealism?”。 意为：“在社交媒体上，人们纷纷发问：他究竟是引导了中国年轻人走向更好的生活，还是打击了他们的理想主义？”因此正确答案为A。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“If you come from a wealthy family, you have more choices, you can’t choose wrongly. But most families aren’t that well-off, and when choosing a major, you have to choose one that’s suitable and will put food on the table.”。意为：“如果你来自富裕家庭，你有更多选择，你不会选错。但大多数家庭并不那么富裕，在选择专业时，你必须选择一个合适的、能养家糊口的专业。”该句明确指出张雪峰认为普通家庭的学生应该选择实际且能维持生计的专业，因此正确答案为B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。文章的核心内容是张雪峰的突然离世引发了人们对其各种教育建议以及中国高度竞争性的工作文化的反思，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼

最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼Yelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else Does常速 | 五级（偏难） | 632词 | 4min9s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the data from applied behavior analysis (ABA) indicate about the effect of verbal redirections?A. They effectively stop children’s problem behaviors.B. They often make the children’s behaviors worse.C. They work better when combined with rewards.D. They are the most common parenting strategy.Q2. According to the passage, why do parents keep using aversive strategies like yelling?A. They are proven to be scientifically effective.B. They help the child learn self-control faster.C. Parents feel better, and they sometimes work.D. Most parenting experts recommend them.Q3. What happens when parents intend punishment as aversiveness?A. The child’s problem behavior improves at once.B. Both parents and children may find it rewarding.C. The child becomes more afraid of the parent.D. Parents usually stop using punishment entirely.Q4. What can be inferred about the “replacement behavior” strategy mentioned in the passage?A. It rewards good behaviors to reduce bad ones.B. It punishes problem behaviors more strictly.C. It only works for neurodivergent children.D. It asks parents to ignore problem behaviors.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Yelling is the most effective way to correct children.B. Parents should never use any form of punishment.C. ABA data proves isolation is the best response.D. Aversive strategies backfire; rewarding works better.Part II. TRANSCRIPTYelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else DoesIn the world of applied behavior analysis (ABA), what matters most is the data. (Q1) Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse. In this post, we will explore why yelling at a child seldom works in the long run and how to win the battle of wills with your child.verbal adj. 口头的；言语的redirection n. 转向，此处指教导What Is Punishment?Many modern parenting movements cast punishment in a negative light. However, punishment in ABA is simply the application of an outcome that decreases the chances of a behavior recurring. It is not the harsh (often called aversive) response to a child. But, many folks confuse aversives—yelling, spanking, social isolation—with punishment.recur v. 再发生；反复出现aversive adj. 厌恶的 n. 任何令人不快或痛苦的刺激物spanking n. 打屁股（尤指打小孩）Another form of punishment is often called positive punishment. Positive punishment usually works, while aversives typically are not nearly as effective. So why do people keep using aversive strategies?(Q2) The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work. If it works just enough—and randomly enough—the decrease or elimination of the child’s problem behavior is rewarding to the parent. That random pattern of success builds a surprisingly durable habit of reaching for aversives. Unfortunately, what works best will never be tried if aversives are the main strategy. But what if there’s a better approach?When Do Punishments Become Rewards?(Q3) When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding. These two dynamics define the major ways “punishments” become rewards.What to Do: 3 Steps to Change a Child’s Behavior1. Define Punishment and Problem BehaviorsKeep in mind that punishment reduces—or eliminates—a problem behavior. By holding onto that as your goal, you can refocus when things get hard. Ask yourself: “What specifically do I want my child to stop doing?”2. Find the Replacement Behavior(Q4) One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out. Adding a reward to compete with the problem behavior is more effective, and frankly more pleasant for everyone, than adding a consequence to the problem behavior itself.A problem behavior keeps happening because of what it produces. Attention is often the payoff. If we know the reward is attention, the next question is: What do we want the child to do instead? Once we identify an alternative, we can reward that replacement behavior consistently and drive down the problem behavior simultaneously.simultaneously adv. 同时地3. Change How You ReactThis is the hardest step—and the most important. Parents will need to:Decide what the replacement behavior looks like;Teach it by setting an example;Prompt it in situations that used to trigger yelling;Praise it heavily and pay real attention when the child uses it;Notice it even when unprompted, so the reinforcement stays consistent;Soon, the replacement behavior will take over, and the old triggers will lose their pull.What to Do if You Need HelpParents of neurodivergent children, in particular, often find themselves responding to aggressive or self-injurious behaviors with anxious or angry attention—largely because those behaviors are overwhelming. That’s not failure; that’s human. But outside help can make the difference. Finding a provider with genuine ABA expertise can turn things around faster than going it alone.neurodivergent adj. 神经多样的（大脑处理信息方式异于常人的）Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse.”。 意为：“很多家长一着急就冲孩子吼，想用言语制止他们的行为，可数据显示，这么做根本没用——孩子的行为非但没停，反而常常愈演愈烈。”该句明确指出数据表明口头教导往往使孩子的行为变得更糟，因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work.”。 意为：“答案其实是：很多时候，父母吼完或者把孩子单独关在房间里，自己心里会觉得好受些。有时候，这种惩罚手段甚至还真能见效。”因此正确答案为C。Q3. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding.” 意为：“当我们把‘惩罚’理解为施加令人不快的刺激时，父母本意是想惩罚孩子，结果却常常变成了对所有人的‘奖励’。父母冲孩子吼完之后，怒气或压力减轻了——这种负面情绪的缓解对他们来说就是一种奖励；而对孩子来说，哪怕得到的是带着怒意的关注，关注本身就足以成为一种奖励。”该句明确指出父母所以为的惩罚实际上对家长和孩子都可能变成一种奖励，因此正确答案为B。Q4. A.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out.”。 意为：“有一个常被忽视的策略，其实很简单：在你希望孩子多做的行为上，主动‘加点甜头’——也就是用一个替代行为来取代问题行为。当父母有意识地去奖励这个替代行为时，原来的问题行为自然就被‘挤掉’了。”因此，正确答案为A。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。综合全文，文章的核心观点是喊叫等厌恶型策略往往适得其反，而奖励替代行为等积极方法更为有效，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 如何诚恳道歉

How to make a good apology 如何诚恳道歉常速 | 五级（中等）| 350词 | 2min6s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to Dr. Aaron Lazare, why is it sometimes better to say, “There’s no excuse for my behaviour”? A. It helps the apologiser avoid explaining their actions. B. It shows a deeper understanding of the offence committed. C. It prevents the recipient from feeling manipulated. D. It simplifies the apology process for both parties. Q2. What can be inferred about the importance of making amends in apologies? A. It is only necessary for physical damages caused. B. It is less important than expressing remorse. C. It ensures the recipient forgives the apologiser. D. It demonstrates the apologiser’s commitment to change. Q3. What does the study “Do sincere apologies need to be costly?” suggest about the relationship between effort and apology effectiveness? A. Apologies are effective only if they involve financial compensation. B. Effort is irrelevant to the perceived sincerity of apologies. C. Increased effort makes apologies appear more genuine. D. Longer apologies are more effective than shorter ones. Q4. What does the study “Sorries seem to have the harder words” imply about the use of language in apologies? A. Complex language makes apologies more sincere. B. Apologies should avoid using longer words. C. Shorter words are perceived as more apologetic. D. Language choice has no impact on apology effectiveness. Q5. What is the main idea of the text? A. Apologies are more effective when they involve inconvenience to the apologiser. B. Genuine apologies require acknowledgment, explanation, remorse, and amends. C. Forgiveness is a choice that cannot be forced upon the recipient. D. Longer words in apologies make them appear more sincere to recipients. Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow to make a good apology Apologising is one of the first relationship skills we’re taught as children. “Say sorry to your friend for stealing his toy”, “Apologise to your mother for being so rude!” Children often apologise because they are told to by adults, regardless of whether they mean it, and the recipient is often told to forgive, regardless of whether they feel it. But the skill of making a heartfelt, genuine apology must grow as we become adults if we want to nurture healthy relationships.recipient n. 接受者，收件人 nurture v. 培养，养育 Dr. Aaron Lazare, psychiatrist and apology expert, says a good apology should have four elements. The first is to acknowledge the offence and admit that you have wronged someone. (Q1) Next, there’s an opportunity to explain what happened, without excusing yourself – in fact, it’s sometimes best to simply say, “There’s no excuse for my behaviour.” The third step is to express remorse and show that you understand how the behaviour has impacted the other person. (Q2) Lastly, offer to make amends. If the mistake involved physical damage, have it repaired. If it involved emotional pain, promise to be more sensitive in the future.remorse n. 懊悔，悔恨 make amends: 补偿(Q3) Research shows that an apology is more effective when it is more costly to the apologiser, whether that’s in terms of money, effort or time. For example, a study called “Do sincere apologies need to be costly?” found people were more convinced by an apology if the apologiser had to inconvenience themself in order to deliver the apology. For example, if that person made a journey to say sorry, rather than just waiting for the next meetup. (Q4) A 2025 study called “Sorries seem to have the harder words”, found that people use longer words when apologising than when they’re not apologising. It also found that people perceived apologies with longer words as more apologetic than apologies with shorter words.So, be sincere and own your mistakes, remembering that forgiveness can’t be forced – the other person has the freedom to forgive or not to forgive. But what’s better: harbouring guilt for the rest of your life, or taking that weight off your shoulders?harbor v. 心怀，怀有（情感或想法） Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Next, there’s an opportunity to explain what happened, without excusing yourself – in fact, it’s sometimes best to simply say, ‘There’s no excuse for my behaviour.’ ”，可知直接说“我的行为没有任何借口”，这样的表达能够表明自己不会找借口开脱，对自己冒犯行为有了更深刻的的理解。因此正确答案为B。Q2. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Lastly, offer to make amends. If the mistake involved physical damage, have it repaired. If it involved emotional pain, promise to be more sensitive in the future.”，可知最后是提出弥补。如果错误涉及物理损坏，请进行修复。如果涉及情感伤害，请承诺未来会更加注意。这表明，弥补行为代表道歉者愿意做出改变、承担责任，而不是仅仅停留在口头上。因此正确答案为D。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Research shows that an apology is more effective when it is more costly to the apologiser, ... people were more convinced by an apology if the apologiser had to inconvenience themself in order to deliver the apology.”，可知研究表明，当道歉者付出更多代价时，无论是金钱、努力还是时间，道歉都会更有效。如果道歉者为了表达歉意而不得不给自己带来不便，人们会更容易被道歉说服。因此可以得出结论，道歉付出的时间、精力、麻烦越多会让道歉显得更真诚。因此正确答案为C。Q4. A.【解析】细节题。根据“A 2025 study called 'Sorries seem to have the harder words', found that people use longer words when apologising than when they're not apologising. It also found that people perceived apologies with longer words as more apologetic than apologies with shorter words.”，可知研究发现，人们在道歉时使用的词汇比不道歉时更长，并且人们认为使用较长词汇的道歉比使用较短词汇的道歉更有歉意。由此可以推断，复杂的语言会让道歉显得更真诚。因此正确答案为A。Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。整篇文章的核心内容是讨论如何诚恳地道歉，并详细介绍了诚恳道歉的四个关键步骤：第一步是承认过错；第二步是不要为自己找借口；第三步是表达悔意；最后，提出弥补。因此，文章的核心内容是关于真诚道歉的四个关键步骤，正确答案为B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌说课

说课点评：在30分钟的准备时间里，读完、理解一篇800多词的商务英语文章，记住文章的结构和要点，设计出一套有理论指导、教学理念清晰、目标合理、结构完整、方法得当，最好再带点创新的教学方案，然后在10分钟的时间里，用英语条理清晰地把它展示出来，这对任何商务英语教师来讲都是一项重大的挑战。潘紫萌老师首先分析了课文，根据内容将其解构成三大部分。选手将第二部分（第3-8段）归纳成 promotion, price and place 和将第三部分（第9段）归纳成对计划进入中国市场的外国企业的忠告，这都是正确的。但是，她把第一部分（第1-2段）归纳成product，进而把前两部分归纳成营销学中著名的4P战略，这种做法有待商榷。因为课文的第1段主要讲两个问题：1）营销战略如何在中国成功，2）这些战略如何根据中国人的喜好以及对产品或服务的认知进行调整，而不是具体的产品。也许是准备的时间非常紧迫，选手对课文的理解和归纳出现了偏差。然后，潘老师分析了学生的特点。在教学模式上，她采取以学生为中心、以产出为导向的教学模式。其教学目标包括商务英语知识、商务技能和伦理价值。在具体的教学方法上，她例举了基于任务的教学、基于讨论的教学、案例教学、学生参与的测评等，并强调要综合利用线上线下教学资源。在学习测评上，她采用师生共同参与的方式，以增强教学效果。至于具体的教学步骤，她采用BOPPPS模式，再加课后作业。以上教学方案应该说中规中矩，显示出潘老师对商务英语教学的理论、模式、方法和测评等各要素有比较全面的了解。潘老师最亮眼的表现是在10分钟的时间里，用流利的英语将其教学方案展现出来，而且条理清晰，相关的教学理论、教学方法、商务知识、商务案例均了然于胸，信手拈来，同时口到手到，同步将所讲内容写到白板上，手起笔落，一气呵成。在提问阶段，潘老师的表现依旧出色，理解到位，回答中肯，表现出较高的英语基本功和商务、人文素养。不过有的回答可以再精炼一些。比如在回答第一个问题时，把EGP，EOP，EAP，ESP 的定义都讲了一遍，有点啰嗦。总而言之，潘紫萌在说课中表现突出，是一位素质比较全面、经验比较丰富的优秀商务英语教师。点评专家：陈准民

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