A recent study found that Americans who completed college or university are more likely to have friends and are less lonely than those who only finished high school. The findings come at a time when many Americans question whether a college degree is worth its cost.

Daniel Cox is director of the Survey Center on American Life and a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. He said that, in general, Americans are experiencing a "friend recession," meaning a decline in their number of friends. Cox noted that "Americans have fewer close friends today than we did in the early '90s. But some groups were particularly affected in that they seem to have experienced a much more dramatic decline over that time period." He added, "And there are two groups that really stood out. The first is men. And the second one is people without a college degree."

The Survey Center on American Life questioned 5,054 people this past summer. It found that Americans with a college degree feel more socially connected and are more active in their communities than people who did not go to college. As a result, those who completed college report feeling less lonely.

Cox believes that the issue is a result of the decline in "traditional institutions," meaning religion, marriage, and unions. "Unions were primarily financial, but they also offered a lot of social support and social connection and feelings of belonging as well. The decline of unions, the decline of marriage and the decline of religion have all disproportionately affected the noncollege group." Disproportionately, in this case, means too large in relation to something. 

Previous research shows that Americans who did not go to college are less likely to marry. A 2013 study of people born between 1957 and 1964 found that both men and women who did not finish high school were less likely to marry than those with more education. A 2012 study found that college-educated women were much more likely to get married than women who dropped out of high school. 

Cox points to research that shows that people who are married are more likely to have larger social groups and more close friends and report feeling lonely less often. Today, 65 percent of college-educated Americans over age 25 are married. About 50 percent of people with a high school diploma, or who dropped out of high school, are married. Those numbers were different in 1990, when marriage rates among the college educated were at 69 percent, compared with 63 percent for those who did not go to college, says a Pew research report. 

Pew also finds that Americans are less religious overall. The percentage of Americans who say they're "religiously unaffiliated" rose from 17 percent in 2009 to 26 percent in 2018 and 2019.

When it comes to unions, the percentage of workers who belong to a union has declined by almost half since 1983, when 20 percent of U.S. workers were union members. Union membership had dropped to 10.8 percent by 2020.

The American Community Life Survey found that around 1 in 10 college graduates say they have no close social connections. That number rises among Americans without a degree, where almost 1 in 4 say they have no close friends.

1. recession n. (formal) movement back from a previous position 退后；撤回。例如：the gradual recession of the floodwater 洪水的渐渐消退

2. disproportionately adv. 不成比例地。例如：The lower-paid spend a disproportionately large amount of their earnings on food. 低工资者将收入花在食物上的比例很大。

1. A recent study found that Americans who completed college or university are more likely to have friends than those who only finished high school.

2. Cox noted that Americans have fewer close friends today than we did in the late '90s.

3. It found that Americans with a college degree feel less lonely.

4. Cox believes that the issue is a result of the decline in religion, marriage, and income.

5. Previous research shows that Americans who went to college are less likely to marry.

6. A 2012 study found that college-educated women were much more likely to get married than women who dropped out of high school.

7. Today, 65 percent of college-educated Americans over age 35 are married.

8. When it comes to unions, the percentage of workers who belong to a union has declined by almost half since 1983.

9. The American Community Life Survey found that around 1 in 4 college graduates say they have no close social connections.

(T) 1. A recent study found that Americans who completed college or university are more likely to have friends than those who only finished high school.

(F) 2. Cox noted that Americans have fewer close friends today than we did in the late '90s.（正确表达）Cox noted that Americans have fewer close friends today than we did in the early '90s.

(T) 3. It found that Americans with a college degree feel less lonely.

(F) 4. Cox believes that the issue is a result of the decline in religion, marriage, and income. （正确表达）Cox believes that the issue is a result of the decline in religion, marriage, and unions.

(F) 5. Previous research shows that Americans who went to college are less likely to marry.（正确表达）Previous research shows that Americans who did not go to college are less likely to marry.

(T) 6. A 2012 study found that college-educated women were much more likely to get married than women who dropped out of high school.

(F) 7. Today, 65 percent of college-educated Americans over age 35 are married.（正确表达）Today, 65 percent of college-educated Americans over age 25 are married.

(T) 8. When it comes to unions, the percentage of workers who belong to a union has declined by almost half since 1983.

(F) 9. The American Community Life Survey found that around 1 in 4 college graduates say they have no close social connections. （正确表达）The American Community Life Survey found that around 1 in 10 college graduates say they have no close social connections.