新闻听力 | 如何预防狂犬病
如何预防狂犬病WHO’s Science in 5: Rabies — Protect Yourself and Your Pets常速| 四级 难 | 836词 | 5min14s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is a key characteristic of rabies that makes it particularly dangerous?A. It is highly contagious through air.B. It is always symptomatic before fatal.C. It is fatal once symptoms appear.D. It can be cured with antibiotics.Q2. What behavior should be avoided to prevent rabies transmission from animals?A. Playing with vaccinated pets.B. Feeding stray animals.C. Walking pets in the park.D. Training pets at home.Q3. Why is it crucial to understand animal body language according to the text?A. It helps train animals more effectively.B. It allows for better pet entertainment.C. It reduces the need for vaccinations.D. It helps in avoiding situations that may lead to bites.Q4. What is the role of children in rabies prevention strategies?A. They can learn to avoid bites and promote responsible pet ownership.B. They are less likely to follow prevention guidelines.C. They are not affected by rabies.D. They should avoid all contact with animals.Q5. How has the rabies vaccine changed since the outdated version?A. It is now less effective.B. It is more painful.C. It is safer and less painful.D. It requires more doses.Q6. How can vaccines protect you if administered after a bite?A. By eliminating the virus immediately.B. By building immunity before the virus reaches the brain.C. By neutralizing all symptoms instantly.D. By preventing any future bites.Q7. What should you do immediately after being bitten by an animal?A. Cover the wound with a bandage.B. Apply ice to the wound.C. Wash the wound for 15 minutes with soap and water.D. Take painkillers.Q8. What percentage of rabies deaths are attributed to children?A. 10%.B. 20%.C. 40%.D. 50%.Q9. Why is it important to vaccinate animals against rabies?A. It prevents the spread of rabies to humans.B. It eliminates all viruses in animals.C. It cures infected animals.D. It makes animals immune to all diseases.Q10. What is the primary focus of rabies prevention efforts according to the text?A. Treating infected animals.B. Reducing travel to endemic areas.C. Developing new antibiotics.D. Vaccination and education to prevent bites.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWHO’s Science in 5: Rabies - Protect Yourself and Your PetsVismita Gupta-Smith: Hello and welcome to Science in 5. This is Orion and that’s Daft Punk. Orion has been a street dog as well as a pet. But the most important thing about Orion is that he’s vaccinated against rabies. We’re talking about rabies with Bernadette. Bernadette, what’s the most important thing that people should remember about rabies?vaccinate v. 接种疫苗rabies n. 狂犬病Bernadette Abela: Rabies kills. We have very good vaccines both for animals and for humans, so we should put them to use. We can prevent rabies. We can prevent the bite. And we can use our vaccines to protect us.Vismita Gupta-Smith: Bernadette, what is rabies? And just how serious a disease is this?Bernadette Abela: So rabies kills. It kills the human. It kills the animal. Usually, that happens rather quickly within ten days. Rabies is a viral disease, and it is spread mostly through the bites of dogs and actually other mammals. But the dogs are the principal source of rabies for human infection. Other mammals can be infected. There’s a whole diversity of different viruses. So we often think about the bat, for example. But most of the human cases are transmitted by dogs. (Q1) The scary thing about rabies is that it’s fatal. If you start showing symptoms, you die.viral adj. 病毒的Vismita Gupta-Smith: Sounds really serious. So talk to us about how we can prevent rabies.Bernadette Abela: The very first thing is you can avoid bites, animal bites in general. (Q2) You know, feeding animals that you don’t know. You should avoid that. Petting animals, which you don’t know. You should avoid that. Playing with puppies when there’s a mom and she’s not looking very happy. You should avoid that. (Q3) If we know how to behave around animals, if we can understand what they are telling us through their body language, we can actually avoid bites. And the best audience for this are the ones that are most affected by rabies, and those are children. So when we implement school programs around you know how to behave around animals, hygiene with animals, that is the audience we need to speak to. (Q4) And that also nurtures responsible animal ownership, which is actually the underlying need in most places. If you have an animal, you have a responsibility to care for it and also to provide it with the health care it needs.petting v. 抚摸puppy n. 小狗Vismita Gupta-Smith: Bernadette, growing up in India, I was bitten twice by street dogs. One of them was, a dog that had newborn pups and was very protective about them. And after I was bitten, I received 14 injections in my abdomen, which was very painful. How have vaccines changed since then?abdomen n. 腹部Bernadette Abela: The vaccine you got as a child, that is an outdated vaccine. It’s called nerve tissue vaccine. We do not use it anymore. WHO has stopped recommending this vaccine for decades already. (Q5) There is a new vaccine which is, very safe and effective and not painful. It is administered in the shoulder as with many other vaccines and can protect you against rabies. You can use vaccines after a bite to protect you against developing rabies. And that’s, as I said, (Q6)sort of fighting the virus by racing it to the brain so our body can build immunity before the virus reaches the brain. You won’t develop rabies. The other way is many people work with animals or work in laboratories or travel to exotic places where they may be exposed to rabies. In that case, you can also have vaccination to protect you in advance of any type of exposure being a bite or other.Vismita Gupta-Smith: When you’re bitten, what should be your next steps?Bernadette Abela: (Q7) Wash the wound for 15 minutes with soap and water, very simple. That is so important because you’ll be washing away the virus from the wound, which will clean the wound. That helps to wash away the virus. If you’re in an endemic area, then you should also seek medical advice so that they can assess whether you need vaccines and the sooner you can do this, the better.endemic adj. 地方性的，流行的Vismita Gupta-Smith: Very good. So if you’re a pet owner or even if you are around street dogs, things to remember is vaccinate the dogs and the animals if you can. And then prevent bites as much as you can.Bernadette Abela: Yes. 60,000 people still die of rabies. (Q8) 40% of those are mostly children. So it’s still very present. We should also remember that we have very powerful tools. (Q9) We’ve got vaccines that are so powerful, it can protect us and our animals from rabies. But most of all, we can also prevent the bites because that is the source of rabies. So if we learn how to behave with animals, we can already prevent bites which will never go away. But we can also prevent rabies.Vismita Gupta-Smith: Thank you very much, Bernadette. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. C. 细节题。根据：“The scary thing about rabies is that it’s fatal. If you start showing symptoms, you die.”可知狂犬病的可怕之处在于它是致命的。一旦出现症状，就会死亡。因此答案是C。Q2. B. 细节题。根据：“You know, feeding animals that you don’t know. You should avoid that.” 可知我们应该避免喂食不认识的动物，流浪动物也属于我们不认识的动物。因此答案是B。Q3. D. 推理题。根据：“If we know how to behave around animals, if we can understand what they are telling us through their body language, we can actually avoid bites.”可知如果我们知道如何与动物相处，能通过它们的肢体语言理解它们在告诉我们什么，我们实际上可以避免被咬伤。因此答案是D。Q4. A. 细节题。根据：“And that also nurtures responsible animal ownership, which is actually the underlying need in most places.” 可知通过学校教育，可以培养儿童负责任的动物饲养意识。因此答案是A。Q5. C. 细节题。根据：“There is a new vaccine which is, very safe and effective and not painful.” 可知新疫苗非常安全有效，而且不痛苦。因此答案是C。Q6.B. 细节题。根据：“sort of fighting the virus by racing it to the brain so our body can build immunity before the virus reaches the brain” 可知疫苗相当于和病毒赛跑，在病毒到达大脑之前，让我们的身体建立起免疫力，这样就不会患上狂犬病。因此答案是B。Q7. C. 细节题。根据：“Wash the wound for 15 minutes with soap and water, very simple.”可知被咬伤后，我们应用肥皂和水清洗伤口15分钟。因此答案是C。Q8. C. 细节题。根据：“40% of those are mostly children.” 可知儿童占比为40%。因此答案是C。Q9. A. 细节题。根据：“We’ve got vaccines that are so powerful, it can protect us and our animals from rabies.” 可知我们有非常强大的疫苗，可以保护我们和我们的动物免受狂犬病的侵害。因此答案是A。Q10. D. 主旨题。根据整篇讨论，主要强调了通过疫苗接种和教育来预防咬伤，从而控制狂犬病。因此答案是D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)