全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 演奏音乐有益大脑吗？

演奏音乐有益大脑吗？Is playing music good for the brain?常速 | 四级 | 605词 | 4min20s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why is making music considered a mental workout?A. It strengthens emotional control.B. It improves social communication skills.C. It requires the brain to coordinate several abilities. D. It mainly trains long-term memory.Q2. What benefit did studies find among professional musicians?A. They have more grey matter in some brain regions. B. They seldom have memory problems as they age. C. They can compose music much faster than others. D. They have larger brains overall.Q3. What is one possible advantage for children who begin instrument lessons young? A. They are more likely to speak a second language without an accent. B. The communication between their brain’s two hemispheres can be better. C. They will get higher scores in all school subjects. D. They can remember new words much faster than peers.Q4. What can we infer about music activities and cognitive abilities? A. Brass players usually outperform piano players in problem-solving tasks. B. Different kinds of music activities may lead to different cognitive strengths. C. Singers are generally weaker at planning tasks than woodwind players. D. Learning more instruments will bring greater improvements to memory.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Musical ability depends largely on genetics.B. Listening to music is better than playing instruments.C. Only professional musicians gain cognitive advantages.D. Music practice may benefit the brain in many ways.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs Playing Music Good for Your Brain?Can playing music make your brain work better? Research suggests that it can, and you don’t have to be a professional musician to enjoy the benefits.(Q1) Playing a musical instrument is like a workout for the brain. When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, and keep your attention on what you are doing. You may also need to remember a piece of music and express your feelings through it. All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.(Q2) Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. Other research suggests that musicians may also have better memory and be better at planning and solving problems. However, scientists are still studying these effects, so more research is needed to understand them fully.gray matter （脑的）灰质，中枢神经系统的重要组成部分Music may be especially helpful for children. (Q3) Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains. Learning music may also help children learn a second language and improve their ability to understand information without using words. These skills can be useful both in school and in everyday life.But what about people who start learning music when they are older? The good news is that it may still be beneficial. As people age, their memory and thinking skills can become weaker. However, some studies have found that older adults who continue to learn and practice an instrument may experience less decline in certain mental abilities. Other research has linked regular music practice with a lower risk of developing dementia, a condition that affects memory and thinking. Scientists do not yet know whether playing music directly protects the brain or whether people with better brain health are simply more likely to continue playing.(Q4) The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. Working memory helps us keep information in mind while using it. People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning. However, playing several instruments did not necessarily bring extra benefits.Music can also improve how we feel. When we play an instrument, the brain’s reward system becomes active, helping us feel pleasure. The body may also release chemicals called endorphins, which can help reduce pain and make us feel good. In addition, playing music with other people, such as in a band or choir, can reduce stress and help people build friendships.endorphin n. 内啡肽（一种体内生成的化学物质，能止痛并让人产生快感）What if you cannot play an instrument? Simply listening to music may also be good for your brain. A recent study found that older adults who regularly listened to music had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who did not listen regularly. Cognitive decline means a gradual loss of memory and other thinking abilities. However, this study could not prove that listening to music was the reason for the difference.(Q5) Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older. You do not need to become a musical genius to enjoy these benefits. The key is to make music a regular part of your life, whether you play an instrument, sing, or simply listen.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, ... All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.” 意为：“演奏音乐时，大脑必须同时进行多项活动，需要我们认真听，看谱，控制手指……所有这些活动会使我们的大脑得到大量训练。”因此，演奏音乐是一种脑力活动。正确答案为C。Q2. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. ” 意为：“研究发现，职业音乐家大脑某些区域的灰质比不演奏音乐的人更多。灰质对于控制思维、运动、和记忆十分重要。”因此正确答案为A。Q3. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains.” 意为：“研究表明，早早开始学习乐器的孩子，大脑左右半球之间会形成更强的联结。”因此正确答案为B，意为这些孩子大脑左右半球之间的联结会更佳，为同义表述。Q4. B.【解析】推断题。题目出处：“The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. … People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning.” 意为：“不同类型的音乐活动，带来的益处也会有所差异。一项针对老年人的研究发现，常演奏钢琴或铜管乐器的长者，其工作记忆能力往往更强……演奏木管乐器的人在涉及规划与问题解决的任务中表现更优，而歌手则在言语推理测试中更具优势。”由此可推断，不同类型的音乐活动可能带来不同的认知优势。因此正确答案为 B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older.” 意为：“总体而言，研究表明音乐能从多个方面为大脑带来益处。它可能有助于我们改善记忆力，锻炼思维能力，调节压力，并在年岁渐长时保持思维活跃。”该句概括了全文的核心观点，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

猫薄荷为何让猫“疯狂”？

猫薄荷为何让猫“疯狂”？Why Does Catnip Make Cats Go Crazy?文本难度：考研刘立军供稿Of the many bewildering behaviors cats display, one of the strangest is their obsession with a specific species of plant. After just one whiff, even the most stoic cat can start pawing, drooling, biting, and wriggling in a state of pure feline euphoria. So, why do cats go crazy for catnip? This is the question cat behavior expert Masao Miyazaki and chemist Toshio Nishikawa set out to answer in 2013. Along with their research teams from Iwate and Nagoya University, they began by studying silvervine – a plant that sparks a similar response to catnip.猫咪有着许多令人费解的行为，其中最奇特的莫过于对某一特定植物的痴迷。即便是最冷静自持的猫，哪怕只是闻上一口，也会瞬间陷入抓挠、流口水、啃咬、翻滚的状态，沉浸在纯粹的猫咪欢愉中。那么，猫咪究竟为什么会为猫薄荷神魂颠倒？2013年，猫咪行为学家宫崎正夫与化学家西川俊夫便带着这一问题展开了研究。他们与来自岩手大学与名古屋大学的研究团队携手，先从木天蓼这种植物入手——这是一种同样能在猫身上引发和猫薄荷相似反应的植物。First, the researchers painstakingly extracted chemical compounds from the plant and dribbled various combinations of them onto filter paper. Then they brought in some cats and studied which compounds they were drawn to. Overwhelmingly, their feline testers pounced on the papers containing nepetalactol. And when Miyazaki and his student Reiko Uenoyama ran blood tests on the cats who’d interacted with nepetalactol, they found their systems were flooded with endorphins. These hormones block pain signals, relieve stress, and generally create a happy, calming effect. And catnip triggers the same endorphin rush with a similar chemical called nepetalactone, and it’s this flood of happy hormones that gives catnip and silvervine their signature drug-like response.研究人员先是费尽心力，从木天蓼中提取各类化合物，再把不同配比的提取物滴在滤纸上。随后，他们找来猫咪，观察哪些化学成分会吸引它们。结果显而易见，绝大多数受试猫咪都径直扑向含有荆芥内酯醇（nepetalactol）的滤纸。宫崎正夫和他的学生上野山怜子对接触过荆芥内酯醇的猫咪进行血液检测，发现它们体内会大量分泌内啡肽。这类激素能够阻断痛觉信号、缓解压力，带来愉悦、镇定的感受。而猫薄荷则是借助一种结构相近的物质——荆芥内酯，同样能刺激猫体内大量释放内啡肽。正是这种快乐激素的迸发，让猫薄荷和木天蓼产生了标志性的、类似药物带来的反应。These compounds don’t just trigger this effect in small cats. When the researchers brought nepetalactol-treated filter paper to a few zoos, leopards, lynxes, and jaguars all dove face-first into the compound. This was big news. If these different cat species reacted to nepetalactol the same way, the response was likely a shared evolutionary trait, potentially something important to cat survival that stretched back millions of years. When the silvervine researchers presented their work at a conference, one evolutionary biologist raised a compelling theory. In chemical terms, both nepetalactol and nepetalactone are classified as iridoids – a type of natural compound known to contain insect-repelling properties. So perhaps cats rubbing their faces in silvervine and catnip were applying an ancient form of bug spray.这类化合物并非只对小型猫科动物生效。当研究人员把滴有荆芥内酯醇的滤纸带到几家动物园时，豹子、猞猁和美洲豹全都一头埋上去嗅闻。这是一项重大发现。既然这么多不同种类的猫科动物都对荆芥内酯醇产生相同反应，说明该行为极有可能是共有的进化特征，或许关乎猫科动物生存的重要本能，其根源可追溯至数百万年前。当木天蓼研究团队在学术会议上展示成果时，一位进化生物学家提出了一个极具说服力的假说：从化学分类来看，荆芥内酯醇与荆芥内酯都属于环烯醚萜类化合物，这类天然物质具备驱虫特性。所以，猫咪把脸在木天蓼和猫薄荷上蹭来蹭去的行为，或许正是在涂抹一种古老的驱虫剂。To test this, researchers set up cages of mosquitoes that cats could stick their heads into. And sure enough, the cats that had been treated with nepetalactol got fewer mosquito bites than the cats in the control group. The same effect was true for the scientists who’d volunteered their arms in solidarity with their feline subjects. These mosquito-repelling properties are currently our best explanation for why cats love silvervine and catnip. But researchers still had one more question: in their state of euphoria, cats tend to vigorously bite, lick, and rub against these plants. But do cats really need to go this crazy to get their bug-repelling effects?为验证这一猜想，研究人员搭建了放有蚊子的笼子，猫咪可以把头伸进笼内。结果证实，体表接触过荆芥内酯醇的猫咪，被蚊子叮咬的次数少于对照组。就连主动挽起袖子、甘愿和猫咪一同参与实验的科研人员，手臂上的叮咬次数也同样大幅减少。目前，这种驱蚊特性是我们解释猫咪喜爱木天蓼与猫薄荷最合理的假说。但研究者还有一个疑问：当猫咪在亢奋状态下，往往会使劲啃咬、舔舐并用力蹭擦这类植物。可它们真的需要表现得如此“上头”，才能真正发挥驱虫功效吗？To investigate rubbing, they provided cats with filter papers treated with microscopic amounts of nepetalactol. And sure enough, even these tiny doses made the papers irresistible, suggesting that microscopic amounts of bug repellent can be transferred by rubbing alone. As for biting and licking, the researchers found that when cats damage the plant, the leaves actually produce more mosquito-repellent chemicals. So your cat isn’t just ripping open their bags of catnip to be annoying; their evolutionary instincts are just trying to get even more of that bug protection.为研究摩擦行为，研究人员向猫咪提供了只沾有微量荆芥内酯醇的滤纸。不出所料，即便剂量微乎其微，这些滤纸依旧对猫咪有着极强吸引力。这说明，仅靠蹭一蹭，就能沾上微量的驱虫物质。至于啃咬和舔舐，研究人员发现，当猫咪啃破植物组织时，叶片反而会生成更多驱蚊化学成分。所以，你的猫咪扒开猫薄荷袋子并不是故意捣乱，而是在进化本能驱使下，想要获取更多驱虫保护。Cats are far from the only animal to use natural plants for purposes like this. Apes swallow scratchy and hairy leaves to dislodge parasites from their guts. Sheep munch on tannin-rich plants to kill intestinal worms, and monarch butterflies use toxic milkweed to kill parasites that normally impair their flight. Just like cats’ ability to find mosquito repellent, these behaviors can help humans identify useful plants and ingredients in the natural world. So, the next time you see your feline friend on a catnip binge, don’t worry – it’s only medicinal.并非只有猫咪会利用天然植物达成这类目的。猿类会直接吞下粗糙多毛的叶片，借此刮擦并排出肠道寄生虫；绵羊会食用富含单宁的植物来杀灭肠道蠕虫；帝王蝶则会采食有毒的马利筋，清除会削弱自身飞行能力的体内寄生虫。和猫咪寻找天然驱蚊植物的本能一样，这类动物行为，也能帮助人类发掘自然界里有价值的植物与成分。所以，下次看到你的猫主子沉迷猫薄荷，不必担心——这只是它在“用药”而已。【词汇】1.stoic adj. 坚忍的；沉着的2.whiff n. 一闻；一股气味3.drool v. 流口水4.wriggle v. 扭动；蠕动5.feline adj. 猫科的；猫的6.euphoria n. 欣快；极度愉悦7.catnip n. 猫薄荷8.painstaking adj. 煞费苦心的；极其仔细的9.dribble v. 使滴下；滴落10.pounce v. 猛扑；突然袭击11.endorphin n. 内啡肽12.lynx n. 猞猁13.jaguar n. 美洲豹14.dislodge v. 驱逐；移开15.munch v. 大声咀嚼16.intestinal adj. 肠的17.milkweed n. 马利筋（一种植物）18.binge n. 狂欢；放纵行为 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 每天步行多少步能防止发胖？

每天步行多少步能防止发胖？How many daily steps can help keep weight off?常速 | 五级（偏难） | 443词 | 2min59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What daily step goal does the study suggest may help people maintain weight loss?A. Around 6,000 steps each day.B. Around 7,000 steps each day.C. Around 8,500 steps each day.D. Around 10,000 steps each day.Q2. What kind of data did the researchers analyze in the study?A. Medical records from several health institutions.B. Data collected from eighteen earlier studies.C. Survey responses from daily fitness users.D. Interviews with doctors at obesity clinics.Q3. According to the study, what did researchers discover about walking during weight loss programs?A. It immediately improved participants’ overall health.B. It replaced the need for diet changes.C. It helped people lose weight much faster.D. It showed limited effect on additional weight loss.Q4. What can be inferred about the role of physical activity in weight management?A. It works best when combined with medical treatment.B. It is more helpful for keeping weight off long term.C. It is mainly useful for people with severe obesity.D. It is more effective than diet control at first.Q5. What does Dr. Tara Narula mainly suggest about the study findings?A. They should be considered a useful but preliminary result.B. They should guide people to exercise exactly 8,500 steps.C. They should replace traditional weight loss advice.D. They should be applied to every adult immediately.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow many daily steps can help keep weight off?(Q1) A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.(Q2) The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.(Q3) Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs. However, people who continued taking more steps each day were more likely to keep the weight off over time.Over an average follow-up period of about 1.5 years, researchers found participants maintained roughly 1% of weight loss for every additional 1,000 steps they walked daily, with the average participant starting at about 7,400 steps per day at baseline.The study noted that an average of 8,500 daily steps appeared to help participants maintain weight loss the longest, though researchers stressed that it is not a strict target or prescription for everyone.prescription n. 处方；建议；规定The increased activity happened as part of structured lifestyle programs that also included diet changes and behavioral counseling.“This was a lifestyle modification program, and it really is a multifactorial approach when it comes to weight loss. So these individuals got diet and behavioral counseling in addition to really moving more. And so you really need all of that,” ABC News medical contributor Dr. Tara Narula said on “Good Morning America” Monday.multifactorial adj. 多因素的；由多种因素造成的(Q5) Narula noted that researchers described the findings as “hypothesis-generating” and said more research is needed.“The researchers say, look, this is really hypothesis-generating; it should push us to do more research,” she explained. “It is not a prescription that everyone should go out and now do 8,500 steps. But it is helpful information.”(Q4) Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.The study also had several limitations. The analysis only included adults who were overweight or obese and relied on pooled population data, meaning the findings show correlation rather than direct cause and effect.correlation n. 相互关系；关联“Certainly if you’re planning to do a weight loss program, talk to your doctor about what is right for you in terms of your movement and goals overall,” Narula said. “And healthy habits build on each other. The more you lose weight, the more you want to exercise, and you feel better. But it really is helpful to know that just that little bit of increase might be all you need.”Part III. KEYQ1.C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.” 意为：“一项新的研究表明，增加每日步数或许有助于长期保持减重效果，建议将每日步数目标设置为每天8500步左右。”该句直接给出了研究所建议的步数目标，因此正确答案为C。Q2.B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.” 意为：“这项研究发表在《国际环境研究与公共健康期刊》上，并于上周在欧洲肥胖大会上做了报告。研究分析了此前18项探讨减重和身体活动关系的相关数据。”该句明确说明研究的数据来源，因此正确答案为B。Q3.D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs.” 意为：“研究人员发现，在减重计划进行阶段，多走路与进一步减轻体重之间并没有很强的联系。”由此可知，在减重过程中增加步数并不会显著带来额外的减重效果，因此正确答案为D。Q4.B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.” 意为：“研究人员得出结论，在减重阶段限制热量摄入的作用可能更为显著，而更高强度的运动则与长期维持减重成果关系更为密切。”由此可以推断，运动对于维持长期减重更为有效，因此正确答案为B。Q5.A.【解析】观点题。题目出处为：“Narula noted that researchers described the findings as ‘hypothesis generating’ and said more research is needed.” 意为：“纳鲁拉指出，研究人员将这些发现定性为‘生成假说’性质，并强调仍需要进一步研究。” 该句表明研究结果具有一定参考价值，但仍属于初步发现，需要进一步研究验证，因此正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 演奏音乐有益大脑吗？

演奏音乐有益大脑吗？Is playing music good for the brain?常速 | 四级 | 605词 | 4min20s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why is making music considered a mental workout?A. It strengthens emotional control.B. It improves social communication skills.C. It requires the brain to coordinate several abilities. D. It mainly trains long-term memory.Q2. What benefit did studies find among professional musicians?A. They have more grey matter in some brain regions. B. They seldom have memory problems as they age. C. They can compose music much faster than others. D. They have larger brains overall.Q3. What is one possible advantage for children who begin instrument lessons young? A. They are more likely to speak a second language without an accent. B. The communication between their brain’s two hemispheres can be better. C. They will get higher scores in all school subjects. D. They can remember new words much faster than peers.Q4. What can we infer about music activities and cognitive abilities? A. Brass players usually outperform piano players in problem-solving tasks. B. Different kinds of music activities may lead to different cognitive strengths. C. Singers are generally weaker at planning tasks than woodwind players. D. Learning more instruments will bring greater improvements to memory.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Musical ability depends largely on genetics.B. Listening to music is better than playing instruments.C. Only professional musicians gain cognitive advantages.D. Music practice may benefit the brain in many ways.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs Playing Music Good for Your Brain?Can playing music make your brain work better? Research suggests that it can, and you don’t have to be a professional musician to enjoy the benefits.(Q1) Playing a musical instrument is like a workout for the brain. When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, and keep your attention on what you are doing. You may also need to remember a piece of music and express your feelings through it. All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.(Q2) Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. Other research suggests that musicians may also have better memory and be better at planning and solving problems. However, scientists are still studying these effects, so more research is needed to understand them fully.gray matter （脑的）灰质，中枢神经系统的重要组成部分Music may be especially helpful for children. (Q3) Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains. Learning music may also help children learn a second language and improve their ability to understand information without using words. These skills can be useful both in school and in everyday life.But what about people who start learning music when they are older? The good news is that it may still be beneficial. As people age, their memory and thinking skills can become weaker. However, some studies have found that older adults who continue to learn and practice an instrument may experience less decline in certain mental abilities. Other research has linked regular music practice with a lower risk of developing dementia, a condition that affects memory and thinking. Scientists do not yet know whether playing music directly protects the brain or whether people with better brain health are simply more likely to continue playing.(Q4) The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. Working memory helps us keep information in mind while using it. People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning. However, playing several instruments did not necessarily bring extra benefits.Music can also improve how we feel. When we play an instrument, the brain’s reward system becomes active, helping us feel pleasure. The body may also release chemicals called endorphins, which can help reduce pain and make us feel good. In addition, playing music with other people, such as in a band or choir, can reduce stress and help people build friendships.endorphin n. 内啡肽（一种体内生成的化学物质，能止痛并让人产生快感）What if you cannot play an instrument? Simply listening to music may also be good for your brain. A recent study found that older adults who regularly listened to music had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who did not listen regularly. Cognitive decline means a gradual loss of memory and other thinking abilities. However, this study could not prove that listening to music was the reason for the difference.(Q5) Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older. You do not need to become a musical genius to enjoy these benefits. The key is to make music a regular part of your life, whether you play an instrument, sing, or simply listen.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, ... All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.” 意为：“演奏音乐时，大脑必须同时进行多项活动，需要我们认真听，看谱，控制手指……所有这些活动会使我们的大脑得到大量训练。”因此，演奏音乐是一种脑力活动。正确答案为C。Q2. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. ” 意为：“研究发现，职业音乐家大脑某些区域的灰质比不演奏音乐的人更多。灰质对于控制思维、运动、和记忆十分重要。”因此正确答案为A。Q3. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains.” 意为：“研究表明，早早开始学习乐器的孩子，大脑左右半球之间会形成更强的联结。”因此正确答案为B，意为这些孩子大脑左右半球之间的联结会更佳，为同义表述。Q4. B.【解析】推断题。题目出处：“The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. … People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning.” 意为：“不同类型的音乐活动，带来的益处也会有所差异。一项针对老年人的研究发现，常演奏钢琴或铜管乐器的长者，其工作记忆能力往往更强……演奏木管乐器的人在涉及规划与问题解决的任务中表现更优，而歌手则在言语推理测试中更具优势。”由此可推断，不同类型的音乐活动可能带来不同的认知优势。因此正确答案为 B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older.” 意为：“总体而言，研究表明音乐能从多个方面为大脑带来益处。它可能有助于我们改善记忆力，锻炼思维能力，调节压力，并在年岁渐长时保持思维活跃。”该句概括了全文的核心观点，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 疫苗：科学与恐慌之争

Vaccines: Science vs. Scare疫苗：科学与恐慌之争常速 | 五级（难）| 784词 | 5min22s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the only disease that humanity has eradicated? A. Polio. B. Smallpox. C. Measles. D. Malaria. Q2. What does Dr. Kate O’Brien suggest about the concept of “natural immunity”? A. It is more effective than vaccination. B. It is a safer way to develop immunity. C. It involves the immune system responding to germs. D. It is recommended for children by most scientists. Q3. What can be inferred about the immune system from the discussion? A. It is constantly exposed to microbes. B. It is overwhelmed by multiple vaccines. C. It cannot mature without vaccination. D. It is weaker in children than in adults. Q4. What is the main purpose of timing the vaccination schedule? A. To ensure vaccines are given at the lowest cost. B. To align with WHO global recommendations. C. To provide protection when children are most at risk. D. To avoid interference between different vaccines. Q5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce the global smallpox eradication campaign and its achievements.B. To answer parents’ common worries and misunderstandings about vaccination.C. To explain the complete standards of WHO’s official vaccine schedule.D. To compare natural immunity and vaccine immunity in detail.Part II. TRANSCRIPTVaccines: Science vs. ScareVGS: We’re standing here in front of the statue commemorating the smallpox eradication campaign. (Q1) Smallpox being the only disease that the world, humanity, has eradicated. This WHO-led campaign was the first mass vaccination campaign that brought together countries, experts and communities. Today, we have 30 vaccines that can prevent many many diseases. And 154 million lives have been saved, in the last 50 years, by just 14 of those vaccines. So if you’re a new parent, you may have questions about vaccines. We have Doctor Kate O'Brien here with us to answer your questions. Kate, let’s start with — parents may have heard what if we let our child get sick and develop immunity rather than vaccinate them? What is your advice regarding that?smallpox n. 天花 vaccinate v. 接种疫苗 KOB: The first thing I want to say is that the vaccines that have been developed that are in our program, are vaccines against serious diseases. Sometimes we hear the term natural immunity. And I really want to address this question. (Q2) Some people think that getting infected is somehow more natural than it is to develop your immunity from a vaccination. And I really want to disavow this. It’s the immune system in either circumstance is responding to either a germ or the vaccine itself. What’s most important is that exposing children to infections and risking the consequences of serious disease, and in the worst circumstances, death, is not what any parent would want to do.disavow v. 否认，拒绝承认 VGS: Another question that young parents may have is if you give a child many vaccines at the same time, you might overwhelm their immune system. What would you say to that?KOB: (Q3) Children are exposed to, in fact, millions of different microbes in the natural environment around us, in their foods, in the environment, by touching things, in their own bodies. We all have, in fact, more microbes in our body than we do human cells. This is an important way that children’s immune systems develop. The issue is, how to allow children to develop immunity against those germs that are consequential, that are serious, that cause disease. So the point around the vaccines is, children’s immune systems are more than able to respond to multiple vaccines, given at the same time, and multiple doses that are given over the course of their lifetime. Although we perceive that they’re being given “a lot of vaccines” in fact, on a daily basis, children are being exposed and sampling that outside world of those microbes all the time. The immune system is an incredibly powerful system. It’s amazing the way that it matures and identifies which is friend and which is foe in the environment. And vaccines are the safest way to actually derive protection for children, adolescents and adults against the consequential germs.consequential adj. 重要的，意义重大的 VGS: Can parents maybe stagger the schedule? Give a little space? Would that still have the same impact that you are seeking in protecting the child?KOB: Yeah. So this seems like a common sense, logical thing to do. We have studies that tell us in what sequence the vaccines should be given, how many doses should be given and how far apart they should be. Now, when you mess around with that schedule, there are consequences of doing that. First, it means that children may miss the doses that they should get. Second, it means that they may not get the vaccines at the time when they most need them. (Q4) We time the schedule so that the protection is developed before the period of time when children are most at risk of the particular disease that the vaccine is protecting against. And third, there are some vaccines that need to be timed relative to other vaccines that are in the schedule. They don’t work as well if they’re timed incorrectly. So that’s the reason why we have pediatricians, scientists, epidemiologists who make the recommendations within each country for what the schedule should be.VGS: So WHO makes a recommendation, right? But who is deciding on what vaccinations a citizen receives?KOB: Countries are the ones who decide on their schedule. What WHO does is, because we’re a global recommending body, we pull together experts from around the world. We ask them to look at all of the evidence that is available and we provide recommendations to countries. They can rely on the aggregated evidence that we’ve put together, so they can also deliberate on what makes most sense for their particular circumstance.VGS: Thank you Kate. I have additional questions. I’m sure our viewers have additional questions. So we will take this in part two where we will answer some of your questions on vaccines. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Smallpox being the only disease that the world, humanity, has eradicated.”， 此句明确指出天花是人类唯一消灭的疾病，因此正确答案为B。 Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Some people think that getting infected is somehow more natural than it is to develop your immunity from a vaccination… It’s the immune system in either circumstance is responding to either a germ or the vaccine itself.”，该句说明无论是自然感染还是接种疫苗，免疫系统都会对外来病菌产生反应，因此正确答案为C。 Q3. A.【解析】推理题。根据“Children are exposed to, in fact, millions of different microbes in the natural environment around us, in their foods, in the environment, by touching things, in their own bodies.”，此处说明孩子在日常环境、食物、身体中时刻接触数百万微生物，免疫系统长期接触各类细菌，因此可以推断正确答案为A。 Q4. C.【解析】细节题。根据“We time the schedule so that the protection is developed before the period of time when children are most at risk of the particular disease that the vaccine is protecting against”，该句明确指出安排疫苗接种时间是为了在儿童高危阶段前建立防护，因此正确答案为C。 Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。文章主要围绕疫苗对儿童的重要性以及父母对疫苗的常见顾虑展开，专家逐一破除误区、解答疑惑，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 每天步行多少步能防止发胖？

每天步行多少步能防止发胖？How many daily steps can help keep weight off?常速 | 五级（偏难） | 443词 | 2min59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What daily step goal does the study suggest may help people maintain weight loss?A. Around 6,000 steps each day.B. Around 7,000 steps each day.C. Around 8,500 steps each day.D. Around 10,000 steps each day.Q2. What kind of data did the researchers analyze in the study?A. Medical records from several health institutions.B. Data collected from eighteen earlier studies.C. Survey responses from daily fitness users.D. Interviews with doctors at obesity clinics.Q3. According to the study, what did researchers discover about walking during weight loss programs?A. It immediately improved participants’ overall health.B. It replaced the need for diet changes.C. It helped people lose weight much faster.D. It showed limited effect on additional weight loss.Q4. What can be inferred about the role of physical activity in weight management?A. It works best when combined with medical treatment.B. It is more helpful for keeping weight off long term.C. It is mainly useful for people with severe obesity.D. It is more effective than diet control at first.Q5. What does Dr. Tara Narula mainly suggest about the study findings?A. They should be considered a useful but preliminary result.B. They should guide people to exercise exactly 8,500 steps.C. They should replace traditional weight loss advice.D. They should be applied to every adult immediately.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow many daily steps can help keep weight off?(Q1) A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.(Q2) The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.(Q3) Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs. However, people who continued taking more steps each day were more likely to keep the weight off over time.Over an average follow-up period of about 1.5 years, researchers found participants maintained roughly 1% of weight loss for every additional 1,000 steps they walked daily, with the average participant starting at about 7,400 steps per day at baseline.The study noted that an average of 8,500 daily steps appeared to help participants maintain weight loss the longest, though researchers stressed that it is not a strict target or prescription for everyone.prescription n. 处方；建议；规定The increased activity happened as part of structured lifestyle programs that also included diet changes and behavioral counseling.“This was a lifestyle modification program, and it really is a multifactorial approach when it comes to weight loss. So these individuals got diet and behavioral counseling in addition to really moving more. And so you really need all of that,” ABC News medical contributor Dr. Tara Narula said on “Good Morning America” Monday.multifactorial adj. 多因素的；由多种因素造成的(Q5) Narula noted that researchers described the findings as “hypothesis-generating” and said more research is needed.“The researchers say, look, this is really hypothesis-generating; it should push us to do more research,” she explained. “It is not a prescription that everyone should go out and now do 8,500 steps. But it is helpful information.”(Q4) Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.The study also had several limitations. The analysis only included adults who were overweight or obese and relied on pooled population data, meaning the findings show correlation rather than direct cause and effect.correlation n. 相互关系；关联“Certainly if you’re planning to do a weight loss program, talk to your doctor about what is right for you in terms of your movement and goals overall,” Narula said. “And healthy habits build on each other. The more you lose weight, the more you want to exercise, and you feel better. But it really is helpful to know that just that little bit of increase might be all you need.”Part III. KEYQ1.C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study suggests that increasing daily step counts may help people maintain weight loss in the long term, and a goal to shoot for may be around 8,500 steps a day.” 意为：“一项新的研究表明，增加每日步数或许有助于长期保持减重效果，建议将每日步数目标设置为每天8500步左右。”该句直接给出了研究所建议的步数目标，因此正确答案为C。Q2.B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research, published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and presented last week at the European Obesity Conference, analyzed data from 18 previous studies looking at weight loss and physical activity.” 意为：“这项研究发表在《国际环境研究与公共健康期刊》上，并于上周在欧洲肥胖大会上做了报告。研究分析了此前18项探讨减重和身体活动关系的相关数据。”该句明确说明研究的数据来源，因此正确答案为B。Q3.D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Researchers found that walking more was not strongly linked to losing additional weight during active weight loss programs.” 意为：“研究人员发现，在减重计划进行阶段，多走路与进一步减轻体重之间并没有很强的联系。”由此可知，在减重过程中增加步数并不会显著带来额外的减重效果，因此正确答案为D。Q4.B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Researchers concluded that calorie restriction was likely more impactful during the weight loss phase, while higher levels of physical activity were more closely tied to long-term weight loss maintenance.” 意为：“研究人员得出结论，在减重阶段限制热量摄入的作用可能更为显著，而更高强度的运动则与长期维持减重成果关系更为密切。”由此可以推断，运动对于维持长期减重更为有效，因此正确答案为B。Q5.A.【解析】观点题。题目出处为：“Narula noted that researchers described the findings as ‘hypothesis generating’ and said more research is needed.” 意为：“纳鲁拉指出，研究人员将这些发现定性为‘生成假说’性质，并强调仍需要进一步研究。” 该句表明研究结果具有一定参考价值，但仍属于初步发现，需要进一步研究验证，因此正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

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