全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程4

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3（思政智慧版）

全新版大学英语视听说教程2

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

新闻听力 | 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？

Outdoor shoes in the house: What are the dangers? 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？常速 | 六级 中等| 350词 | 2min8s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the research review, what is a major concern regarding shoe soles?A. They contain visible urban dust and mud.B. They may carry dangerous bacteria leading to illness.C. They are often made of harmful chemicals.D. They can cause allergies in children under five.Q2. What negative effects can be caused by exposure to pesticides and herbicides brought in by shoes?A. Headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.B. Respiratory issues and hay fever.C. Developing immune system problems in children.D. Muscle weakness and balance issues.Q3. What benefit of walking barefoot is mentioned in the text?A. It prevents allergies caused by pollen.B. It enhances respiratory health.C. It reduces exposure to harmful bacteria.D. It improves balance and muscle stability.Q4. What can be inferred about cultures with a shoe-free home policy?A. They prioritize aesthetics over hygiene.B. Their practices are supported by scientific evidence.C. They are less likely to suffer from respiratory issues.D. Their social norms are ambiguous and inconsistent.Q5. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To explain the health benefits of walking barefoot.B. To discuss the cultural differences in shoe removal practices.C. To highlight the dangers of wearing outdoor shoes indoors.D. To provide tips on maintaining household cleanliness.Part II. TRANSCRIPTOutdoor shoes in the house: What are the dangers? “Welcome! Shoes off please.” In many Asian countries, removing shoes when you enter someone’s home is expected – it shows respect and ensures cleanliness. In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. Some Brits might have a strict “shoes off” rule, while others may be squeamish about seeing others’ socks or bare feet. What do the scientists say?squeamish adj. 易感到不适的，易受惊的If you remove your shoes at the door for cleanliness, you’re probably thinking about the visible dirt – urban dust, mud and grass that has hitched a ride from the outside world on the sole of your shoe. But the real problems are microscopic. (Q1) A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. Children under five are particularly at risk because of their closeness to the floor and developing immune systems.sole n. 鞋底vector n. 传播媒介，载体pathogen n. 病原体 Germs aside, shoe soles can also bring in nasty chemicals like pesticides and herbicides, (Q2) exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. Allergens such as pollen can also enter your home via your shoes, which can be a big issue if you suffer with hay fever or have respiratory issues. Isn’t your home meant to be a safe haven?herbicide n. 除草剂allergen n. 过敏原pollen n. 花粉hay fever 花粉病But it’s not just about hygiene. (Q3) Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles, according to a medically reviewed article called ‘Does Walking Barefoot Have Health Benefits?’. “In theory, walking barefoot more closely restores our ‘natural’ walking pattern, also known as our gait,” explains foot and ankle specialist Jonathan Kaplan.gait n. 步态，步法(Q4) In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. And in places where the rules are less clear, maybe it’s time to think about leaving our outdoor shoes at the threshold. There’s an old African proverb that states “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.”Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. 意为：一项名为“鞋底作为病原体传播潜在载体”的研究发现，鞋底上存在大量危险细菌，这可能导致疾病。正确答案为B。Q2.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：Exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. 意为：根据Muhammad Sarwar发表在Cogent Medicine上的研究，接触这些化学物质可能导致头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐。正确答案为A。Q3.【答案】D【解析】细节题。题目出处：Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles. 意为：不穿鞋可以改善平衡、身体意识以及肌肉的力量和稳定性。正确答案为D。Q4.【答案】B【解析】推理题。题目出处：In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. 意为：在家中不穿鞋成为习惯的文化中，这些原因得到了科学的支持。由此可以推断，这些文化的规定是基于科学证据的，因此正确答案为B。Q5.【答案】C【解析】主旨题。整篇文章主要讨论了室内穿户外鞋的危害，包括细菌传播、化学物质暴露和过敏原问题。因此正确答案为C。（本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

教学素材 | 办公椅臀：克利夫兰诊所专家教你如何预防

办公椅臀：克利夫兰诊所专家教你如何预防Office Chair Butt: Cleveland Clinic Experts on How to Prevent It 六级 | 偏易刘立军供稿You probably know the feeling: after sitting at your desk for hours, your backside feels numb, your lower back is stiff, and your favorite jeans might even be fitting…a little differently. On social media, this modern desk-job woe has earned a name: office chair butt. 你可能对这种感觉再熟悉不过：在办公桌前一坐就是几个小时，臀部发麻、下背僵硬，就连最喜欢的牛仔裤穿起来似乎也……有点不一样了。在社交媒体上，这种现代上班族的常见困扰被戏称为“办公椅臀”。 Although it’s not a formal medical term, it describes a real phenomenon. Sitting for long stretches, especially without proper posture or regular movement, can subtly change the way your body feels and looks. The upside? With a few simple habits, you can prevent these changes and keep your glutes in good shape. 虽然“办公椅臀”并非正式的医学术语，但它确实描述了一种真实存在的现象。长时间久坐——尤其是姿势不对或缺乏规律活动——会悄然改变你身体的感受和姿态。好消息是：只需养成几个简单习惯，就能有效预防这些变化，让臀部保持健康紧实的状态。 Ahead, we’ll explore what causes office chair butt and share simple ways to treat and prevent it, with expert guidance from Cleveland Clinic occupational therapist Michael Milicia, OT. 下文将结合克利夫兰诊所职业治疗师迈克尔·米利西亚的专业建议，深入解析“办公椅臀”的成因，并分享实用的治疗与预防方法。What office chair butt means 什么是“办公椅臀”Office chair butt isn’t an official medical diagnosis, but it is a way to describe a real side effect of our sedentary lifestyles: the weakening and flattening of the gluteal muscles caused by too much sitting. According to the Cleveland Clinic, long hours spent parked in a chair can lead to gluteal muscle atrophy, which is when your muscles start to shrink, soften, and lose their shape. “办公椅臀”不是一个正式的医学诊断，却是对我们久坐生活方式的一种真实写照：因久坐导致臀部肌肉变弱、扁平。据克利夫兰诊所介绍，长时间坐在椅子上可能导致臀肌萎缩，即肌肉开始缩小、变软、失去原有形状。Your gluteal muscles, especially the gluteus maximus, are among the largest and most important muscles in your body. They help stabilize your pelvis, support good posture, and power everyday movements like walking, climbing stairs, and even standing upright. “A lack of conditioning in your gluteus maximus and surrounding tissue leads to weakness, making it build up fat tissue and appear flatter or saggy,” explains Milicia in the Cleveland Clinic’s Health Essentials blog. 臀部肌肉，尤其是臀大肌，是人体最大、最重要的肌群之一。它们不仅帮助稳定骨盆、维持良好体态，还为日常活动提供动力，比如走路、爬楼梯，甚至只是站直身体。“如果臀大肌及其周围组织缺乏锻炼，就会变得无力，进而堆积脂肪，看起来更扁平或松弛，”米利西亚在克利夫兰诊所的健康专栏《健康要闻》（Health Essentials）中解释道。Office chair butt usually isn’t something to panic about. But it is your body’s way of saying it needs more movement—and that’s worth taking seriously. If you’re experiencing pain, tingling, or ongoing discomfort, it’s a good idea to check in with your doctor to rule out any other underlying issues. 通常情况下，“办公椅臀”并不需要过度担忧，但它确实是身体在提醒你：该多动一动了——而这一点值得认真对待。如果你感到疼痛、刺痛或持续不适，建议及时就医，以排除其他潜在问题。What causes office chair butt “办公椅臀”的成因 According to the Cleveland Clinic, the muscle mass that gives your backside its shape is very much a use-it-or-lose-it situation. When your glutes aren’t engaged regularly—especially after hours of sitting—they start to weaken. As the muscle fades, fat can accumulate in its place. Since fat is softer and less structured than muscle, it doesn’t hold shape as well, which can lead to a flatter, less defined appearance. 克利夫兰诊所指出，塑造臀部线条的肌肉量完全遵循“用进废退”的原则。当你长时间久坐，臀肌得不到激活，便会逐渐退化。随着肌肉流失，脂肪便可能取而代之。由于脂肪比肌肉更柔软、结构更松散，无法维持紧致轮廓，最终导致臀部看起来更扁、缺乏线条感。 Sitting for extended periods also reduces circulation, which may contribute to tightness and stiffness, particularly in the lower back and hips. Over time, this lack of movement creates a cycle of discomfort and further muscle loss. 长时间坐着还会减少血液循环，可能引发下背部和髋部的紧绷与僵硬。久而久之，这种缺乏活动的状态会形成一个恶性循环：不适感加剧，肌肉进一步流失。 Posture matters, too. Slouching, leaning to one side, or perching on the edge of your chair puts extra strain on your glutes and lower back. Without proper support and alignment, those muscles stay inactive—and that leads to further weakening. 姿势同样至关重要。瘫坐，或是歪坐，或只坐在椅子边缘，都会给臀部和下背部带来额外压力。如果没有良好的支撑或坐直，这些肌肉会长时间处于“休眠”状态，从而加速退化。How to prevent office chair butt 如何预防“办公椅臀” Sitting for hours on end isn’t great for your body. “The key is to activate your glutes to offset that sitting as much as possible,” says Milicia. You don’t need a complete lifestyle overhaul to prevent or fix office chair butt. A few simple changes can make a big difference, and most of them are easy to start today. 长时间久坐对身体并不友好。“关键在于尽可能多地激活你的臀肌，以抵消久坐带来的负面影响，”米利西亚说道。要预防或改善“办公椅臀”，你并不需要彻底改变生活方式。只需做一些简单的调整，就能带来显著效果——而其中大多数方法，今天就能轻松开始。1. Take movement breaks every hour 每小时活动几次 Little bursts of movement throughout the day can go a long way. “Try to get up and move every 30 to 90 minutes, as your job allows,” Milicia recommends. Set a timer or reminder if you need to. Even short breaks—like walking to the kitchen or stretching at your desk—help keep your muscles engaged. 一天中穿插几次短暂的活动，就能带来显著益处。“尽量每30到90分钟起身活动一下，只要工作允许，”米利西亚建议道。如果容易忘记，不妨设个定时提醒。哪怕是短短几分钟的休息——比如去厨房倒杯水，或在工位旁做几个拉伸动作——都能有效激活肌肉，防止它们“沉睡”。Milicia also suggests making small, intentional choices to add more movement: take the stairs instead of the elevator, or use a bathroom that’s a bit farther from your desk. 米利西亚还鼓励大家有意识地做出一些微小选择，为日常增加更多活动量：比如改走楼梯而非电梯，或特意选择离工位稍远的洗手间。2. Strengthen your glutes 强化臀部肌肉 Your backside is full of strong, powerful muscles—they just need a little attention. Add bodyweight exercises like glute bridges, lunges, and squats to your day. Just a few minutes a day can wake those muscles back up. If you’re unsure about proper technique, consult your healthcare provider to ensure you’re performing the exercises safely and correctly. 你的臀部其实蕴藏着强大而有力的肌肉群，只是需要你稍加关注。不妨在日常中加入一些徒手训练，比如臀桥、弓步和深蹲。每天只需几分钟，就能重新唤醒这些沉睡的肌群。如果你不确定动作是否标准，建议咨询医疗专业人士，确保锻炼安全有效。3. Improve your sitting setup 改善坐姿环境 Your chair should support your lower back, keep your knees level with your hips, and let your feet rest flat on the floor. If you don’t have an ergonomic chair, try a lumbar support pillow and make sure your computer monitor is at eye level so you don’t hunch forward. 一把合适的椅子也至关重要：它应能支撑下背部，使膝盖与髋部保持在同一水平，并让双脚自然平放于地面。若没有人体工学椅，可以加一个腰部支撑靠垫，并确保电脑屏幕与视线齐平，避免身体前倾驼背。4. Stretch your hips 拉伸髋部 A tight front means a weak back. Make time for a few hip stretches during the day, like a kneeling hip flexor stretch or seated figure-four pose, to release tension and improve your posture. 前侧紧张，往往意味着后侧无力。不妨在一天中抽出几分钟做些髋部拉伸，例如跪姿髋屈肌拉伸或坐姿“4”字拉伸，有助于释放紧张、改善体态。5. Stay active outside the office 下班后保持活跃 Walk your dog, ride your bike, go for a swim—whatever gets your body moving. A regular workout routine will not only keep your glutes strong, but improve your overall mood, sleep, and energy. 遛狗、骑车、游泳……只要能让身体动起来的活动都值得尝试。规律的锻炼不仅能强健臀肌，还能提升整体情绪、睡眠质量和精力。6. Try a standing desk 尝试使用站立式办公桌 If it’s an option, alternating between sitting and standing at a desk can work wonders. Just be sure to shift your weight and move regularly as standing still for too long isn’t ideal either. 如果条件允许，在坐姿和站姿之间交替使用办公桌会带来意想不到的效果。但要注意：长时间站立不动同样不理想，应定期变换重心、适当走动。7. Try seated exercises 尝试坐着锻炼 Even when you’re stuck in your chair, you can still get your lower body working. Milicia suggests butt clenches, marching in place, heel lifts, and toe lifts. These subtle movements may not break a sweat, but they help activate your muscles and keep your circulation going. 即使暂时无法离开座位，你依然可以活动下半身。米利西亚推荐一些隐蔽又有效的动作：夹紧臀部、原地踏步、踮脚尖和抬脚趾。这些细微动作虽不会让你大汗淋漓，却能有效激活肌肉、促进血液循环，让久坐的身体保持活力。【词汇】 1. woe n. 痛苦，悲伤 2. diagnosis n. 诊断 3. sedentary adj. 久坐的 4. gluteal muscle 臀部肌肉 5. atrophy n./v. 萎缩，衰退 6. gluteus maximus 臀大肌7. saggy adj.松懈的，下垂的8. tingling adj. 刺痛的9. overhaul n. 大修，改造10. pelvis n. 骨盆 11. slouch v. 无精打采地坐或站 12. lunge n. 弓步 13. squat n. 蹲下，深蹲 14. ergonomic chair 人体工学椅 15. lumbar adj. 腰部的 16. hunch v. 弓背，耸肩 17. kneeling hip flexor stretch 跪姿髋屈肌拉伸18. butt clench夹臀动作 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | 《卫报》评论：莫让AI掩盖青年才俊的光芒

《卫报》评论：莫让AI掩盖青年才俊的光芒The Guardian view on the graduate jobs crunch: AI must not be allowed to eclipse young talent 词汇：考研 | 句法：六级 | 文本：考研刘立军供稿As annual degree ceremonies take place on campuses across the country, new graduates will doubtless be turning their thoughts to enjoying some stress-free time off. Given the current state of the labor market, some may be forced to make that break a long one. 随着全国各地高校陆续举行一年一度的毕业典礼，新一届毕业生无疑会想着享受一段轻松无忧的假期。然而，鉴于当前就业市场的严峻形势，有些人可能不得不把这段空档期拉得很长。For university leavers, these are worrying times. A mounting pile of data suggests that accessing the kind of entry-level jobs that traditionally put degree holders on a path to professional success is becoming ever harder. One report published last month by the job-search site Indeed found that the market for young people fresh out of university is tougher than at any time since 2018. Compared with last year, the number of jobs advertised for recent graduates is down 33%. 对于即将走出大学校门的年轻人来说，这是个令人焦虑的时期。越来越多的数据表明，进入那些传统上为大学毕业生铺就职业成功之路的入门级岗位，正变得越来越困难。求职网站Indeed 上个月发布的一份报告显示，应届毕业生所面临的就业市场比自2018年以来任何时期都要严峻。与去年相比，面向应届毕业生的职位数量下降了33%。Some of the squeeze can be put down to a general slowdown in hiring, as employers opt for caution in an unpredictable, growth-starved economic climate. Another analysis, published this week, found that the number of entry-level jobs on offer throughout the labour market has fallen. But the steepest drop-off appears to be in professional occupations, where the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) may be beginning to affect the bottom rungs of the white-collar career ladder. 部分原因是整体招聘活动放缓，雇主们在经济前景不明朗、增长乏力的环境下选择谨慎行事。本周发布的另一项分析也发现，整个劳动力市场上提供的入门级岗位数量有所减少。但降幅最显著的领域似乎集中在专业岗位。在这类岗位中，人工智能（AI）的影响可能已开始波及白领职业阶梯的最底层。According to some analysts, a growing number of companies are using AI to perform many of the collative, summarizing or research-heavy kind of tasks that young graduates might previously have done. IBM’s human resources department now deploys AI to perform 94% of routine tasks, including performance reviews and development plans. Other employers may be hiring fewer graduates than in the past on the assumption that the use of AI will transform their productivity. 一些分析人士指出，越来越多的公司正在使用人工智能来完成许多原本由年轻毕业生承担的工作任务，比如资料整理、总结归纳或研究密集型工作。例如，IBM 的人力资源部门现在利用人工智能完成了94%的常规性任务，包括绩效评估和发展计划制定。其他雇主也可能因预期人工智能能提高效率而减少了对毕业生的招聘。For a graduate cohort whose education was blighted by the pandemic, and which is burdened by an average student debt of about £45,000, such developments risk stunting careers before they have begun. Recruitment systems are steadily being transformed through the introduction of AI-driven sifting processes, in which applications are rejected without a human judgment being made. A sustained contraction of the graduate job market, as pathways into professional careers are shortsightedly shut down in the name of cost savings, would further undermine trust between the generations at a time when it is already in short supply. 对于那些学业受到疫情影响、平均背负约4.5万英镑学生债务的毕业生而言，这样的趋势可能会在职业生涯尚未起步时就造成阻碍。与此同时，招聘系统也在悄然发生变化，越来越多的企业采用基于人工智能的筛选机制，导致许多职位申请在缺乏人工判断的情况下就被直接回绝。如果企业在追求节约成本的过程中，盲目关闭通往专业岗位的通道，加之毕业生就业市场持续萎缩，只会进一步削弱本已脆弱的代际信任。The technology minister, Peter Kyle, has urged businesses and employees to “act now” in gaining AI skills or risk being left behind, and the government hopes to collaborate with tech companies to deliver training to 7.5 million workers. But a focus on those hoping to enter the digitized workplace is also clearly needed. The evidence that entry-level jobs in areas such as law, finance and consulting are becoming scarcer should set alarm bells ringing in both government and boardrooms. 科技大臣彼得·凯尔敦促企业和员工“立即行动”，掌握人工智能相关技能，否则将被时代抛弃。政府也希望与科技公司合作，为750万名工人提供培训。然而，我们显然也需要特别关注那些即将进入数字化职场的年轻人。法律、金融和咨询等领域的入门岗位日益稀缺，这一趋势应该引起政府和企业高层的高度警觉。Politically and economically, the country cannot afford to waste the acquired skills, creativity and dynamism of those who have actually come of age in the digitized world. That may mean companies eventually reimagining the spectrum of early career opportunities that can be offered to recent graduates. But business and government should make it a priority to ensure that they are given the openings and encouragement they need in a rapidly transforming environment. Innovations such as ChatGPT have become embedded in everyday life at vertiginous speed. But their benefits must not come at the expense of the young talent that will be crucial to shaping our future. 从政治和经济层面来看，国家承担不起浪费这部分人才潜能的代价——他们是真正在数字化时代成长起来的群体，拥有已习得的专业技能、创新能力与活力。这意味着企业最终需要重新思考并拓展面向应届毕业生的早期职业机会。政府和企业必须优先确保这些年轻人能够在快速变革的环境中获得应有的机会和激励。像 ChatGPT 这样的创新技术已经以惊人的速度融入日常生活。但它们带来的便利，绝不应以牺牲未来塑造者——年轻人才的利益为代价。【词汇】1. rung n. 梯级，等级 2. cohort n. 群体，同龄人 3. pandemic n. 大流行病 4. stunt v. 阻碍 5. contraction n. 收缩，缩减 6. digitize v. 数字化 7. dynamism n. 活力，动力 8. vertiginous adj. 令人眩晕的，陡峭的 （本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

新闻听力 | 呼吸难题的根源？

呼吸难题的根源？Is pollution causing your COPD?常速 | 六级（CET-6）较易 | 923词 | 5min14s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the primary function of the air sacs mentioned in the context of emphysema?A. To filter out pollutants from the air.B. To provide a site for gas exchange.C. To regulate the moisture in the airways.D. To store excess air and prevent overinflation.Q2. In what way does indoor air pollution contribute to the risk of COPD?A. By causing direct damage to the air sacs.B. By reducing the availability of oxygen.C. Through exposure to biomass fuels during cooking.D. By increasing the levels of humidity in enclosed spaces.Q3. According to Doctor Sarah Rylan, what is the impact of lung growth and development on the risk of COPD?A. Early exposure to pollutants can permanently stunt lung growth.B. Lungs reach full potential by the age of 30.C. Proper lung development guarantees no risk of COPD.D. The risk of COPD is highest in those who have never had respiratory infections.Q4. How does the conversation suggest that COPD can be prevented or its progression slowed?A. By avoiding all risk factors.B. By ensuring that all children are born at a normal weight and without premature birth.C. By completely eliminating indoor and outdoor air pollution.D. By treating asthma effectively in childhood.Q5. What is the primary message of the conversation regarding COPD?A. COPD is a preventable condition if proper measures are taken.B. COPD is incurable, but manageable with the right treatment.C. COPD is a disease that primarily affects children and teenagers.D. The symptoms of COPD are immediate and severe from the outset.Q6. What is the implication of the statement “it’s not normal to be breathless” in the context of COPD?A. All cases of breathlessness should be medically evaluated.B. Breathlessness is a symptom that requires immediate hospitalization.C. Breathlessness is an expected part of aging and should be ignored.D. COPD patients should not accept breathlessness as a normal state.Q7. What is the first step in managing COPD according to the conversation?A. Seeking pulmonary rehabilitation.B. Stopping smoking if applicable.C. Starting inhaled treatments.D. Taking regular exercise.Q8. What is the significance of pulmonary rehabilitation in the management of COPD?A. It helps patients to strengthen their lung capacity through exercise.B. It provides a cure for COPD.C. It is a surgical procedure to remove damaged lung tissue.D. It involves the use of advanced respiratory equipment at home.Q9. What is the role of vaccination in the treatment plan for COPD as mentioned by Doctor Sarah Rylan?A. To prevent the common cold.B. To alleviate the symptoms of COPD.C. To protect against flu and other respiratory infections.D. To improve the effectiveness of inhaled treatments.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs pollution causing your COPD?VGS: We’re standing next to this big no smoking sign in the W.H.O. headquarters. And also we’re standing next to a very busy street. Air pollution and tobacco smoking. Two of the biggest risk factors for disease we are going to talk about today — chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sarah, a lot of people may not know what chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is, even if they may have the disease and may not know how to recognize it. Talk to us about what it is.pulmonary adj. 肺的，与肺有关的SR: So COPD is a group of conditions which affect the lungs of adults and cause obstruction of the airways, chronic bronchitis or emphysema or other terms that you might have heard to talk about this. In COPD, we have damage and we have inflammation to different parts of the airways. Depending on which parts are affected, it can affect people differently, and this can lead to different symptoms.bronchitis n. 支气管炎emphysema n. 肺气肿 VGS: So, Sarah, if people have COPD, how would they know what is actually happening inside us?SR: So the symptoms of COPD come on slowly and often become worse gradually. Someone might notice, for example, that they are having difficulty going about their normal daily life. Sometimes people notice first that they’re having difficulty in walking, particularly going up a hill. Or if they have to take the stairs, they may become breathless. As things progress, it might become that they then start to find it difficult to get dressed in the morning, for example, or to do normal daily household chores. In severe cases, it can become so bad that people are breathless even when they are talking or eating. Sometimes symptoms can become suddenly worse as well. This is called a flare-up or an exacerbation. At that time, people would need to get additional medical treatment. Sometimes they even needed to be admitted to hospital for that. The exact symptoms depend on what is happening inside of the lungs. So if I have chronic bronchitis, then my airways are inflamed. They’re swollen, there’s mucus. And so if I have that, then I will be coughing or I’ll be coughing up phlegm or mucus. And I might also be breathless. In emphysema, (Q1) we find that at the end of the airways there are little air sacs, and these can become damaged. And then air collects in these air sacs, and it means that people can’t breathe out fully, so their lungs are overinflated. They have this feeling of their lungs being full all of the time, and it creates a feeling of breathlessness.exacerbation n. 加重，恶化inflame v. 使发炎，激怒mucus n. 粘液，痰phlegm n. 痰，黏液sac n. 囊，气囊VGS: Other than smoking and air pollution, what are the causes of COPD?SR: There are lots of different things that can cause COPD. In the past, people really attributed COPD to smoking, and your risk of COPD increases with the more cigarettes that you smoke every day or the longer that you’ve smoked for. But we now know there are other things too. Air pollution is one that you’ve mentioned. (Q2) This could be indoor air pollution. So exposure through when people are cooking on biomass fuels, for example, like wood or charcoal inside an enclosed space, or outdoor air pollution from traffic or from industry factories, these kinds of things.biomass n. 生物质燃料（如木材、木炭等）charcoal n. 木炭，炭VGS : Sarah, are some people more susceptible to COPD?SR: So actually, yes, our lungs start growing and developing even before we are born, and they continue to grow and develop throughout childhood, throughout teenage years until they reach their maximum potential in your early 20s. (Q3) If you’re exposed to things during that period of lung growth and development that stop your lungs from growing and developing in this way, then this means that you never reach that full potential and you’re at increased risk of COPD. If your mother smokes, or is exposed to air pollution or tobacco smoke during pregnancy. If you’re born very small or born early, if you have severe respiratory infections during childhood, all of these things impact your lung growth and development. That means you reach adulthood without having grown your lungs to their full size, if you like. So you’re at more risk of developing COPD. (Q4) Asthma is another risk factor. If people have asthma in childhood, particularly if it’s poorly treated, then that can be a risk factor. There are also some genetic conditions that can predispose to COPD.respiratory adj. 呼吸的，呼吸系统的asthma n. 哮喘genetic adj. 遗传的，基因的predispose v. 使倾向于，预先安排VGS: So that’s actually alarming, that if a mother is breathing air pollution and is a smoker, then the chances of the child developing COPD increases, especially alarming because nine out of ten people are breathing air that’s unhealthy for them. Is there a treatment for COPD?SR: (Q5) If COPD is diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is started promptly, then people with COPD can live as full of a life as possible. (Q6) Remember, it’s not normal to be breathless, and it’s not just people who smoke that get COPD. (Q7) The important things are firstly, to stop smoking if people smoke. (Q8) Secondly, to take regular exercise, and there are special programs called pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD to help strengthen their lungs. Thirdly, there are various inhaled treatments that are available which work in different ways inside the lungs that can be helpful. Lastly, (Q9-1) it’s very important to protect from infection. So if someone has COPD, (Q9-2) it’s really important that they get vaccinated against flu and Covid, for example, other respiratory infections.inhale v. 吸入，吸气vaccinate v. 给…接种疫苗VGS: Thank you, Sarah. That was science and five today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy, and stick with science. Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“at the end of the airways there are little air sacs, and these can become damaged. And then air collects in these air sacs, and it means that people can’t breathe out fully, so their lungs are overinflated.”，可知在气道的末端有小气囊，这些可能会受损。然后空气会积聚在这些气囊中，导致患者无法完全呼出气体，肺部过度膨胀，由此可以推断气囊的主要功能是气体交换。因此答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“This could be indoor air pollution. So exposure through when people are cooking on biomass fuels, for example, like wood or charcoal inside an enclosed space...”，可知室内空气污染，比如人们在封闭空间内使用使用木材、木炭等生物质燃料做饭时接触到的污染物而增加COPD的风险。因此答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“If you’re exposed to things during that period of lung growth and development that stop your lungs from growing and developing in this way, then this means that you never reach that full potential and you’re at increased risk of COPD.”，可知如果在肺生长发育期间接触到阻止肺其正常发育的物质，那么肺部就无法达到应有的发育水平，你患COPD的风险就会增加。由此可知，早期接触污染物可能会永久阻碍肺的生长。因此答案为A。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Asthma is another risk factor. If people have asthma in childhood, particularly if it’s poorly treated, then that can be a risk factor.”，可知哮喘是另一个风险因素。如果人们在儿童时期患有哮喘，特别是如果治疗不当，那么这可能是一个风险因素。由此推理，通过在儿童时期有效治疗哮喘可以预防或减缓COPD的发展。因此答案为D。Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。整个对话都在讨论COPD的症状、原因和治疗方法，特别是在“if COPD is diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is started promptly, then people with COPD can live as full of a life as possible.”这句话中强调了尽管COPD是是不可治愈的，但若早期诊断并及时治疗，是可以控制的。因此答案为B。Q6. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Remember, it’s not normal to be breathless, and it’s not just people who smoke that get COPD.”，可知气喘不是正常现象，而且不仅仅是吸烟的人会得COPD。这句话是在提醒COPD患者不应该将气喘视为一种正常状态，而应该及时寻求诊断和治疗。因此答案为D。Q7. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The important things are firstly, to stop smoking if people smoke.”，可知管理COPD的第一步就是戒烟。因此答案为B。Q8. A.【解析】细节题。根据“Secondly, to take regular exercise, and there are special programs called pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD to help strengthen their lungs.”，可知，肺康复对于COPD患者来说，是通过定期锻炼来帮助加强肺部功能。因此答案为A。Q9. C.【解析】细节题。根据“it’s very important to protect from infection”以及“it’s really important that they get vaccinated against flu and Covid, for example, other respiratory infections.”，可知接种流感和Covid疫苗非常重要，可以保护患者免受流感和其他呼吸道感染。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 美国医保高管谋杀案嫌犯出庭

美国医保高管谋杀案嫌犯出庭Suspect in US Health Boss Murder Appears in Court 常速 | 五级（CET-4）较难 | 167词 | 59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. How was the level of security described during Luigi Mangione’s appearance in court?A. There was a minimal police presence.B. Security was so tight that it was described as intense.C. Only a few security officers were visible.D. The security measures were not mentioned in the report.Q2. What is the specific federal charge against Luigi Mangione, and which states have brought additional charges?A. Terrorism; New York and Pennsylvania.B. Insider trading; New York and California.C. Murder; New York and Pennsylvania.D. Embezzlement; Florida and Texas.Q3. What was the reaction of a segment of the public to the case as indicated by the presence of a poster?A. They were protesting against the health insurance industry.B. They were advocating for wealth redistribution.C. They were demanding justice for the victim.D. They were showing support for the defendant.Q4. What was the significance of the parade-like display when Luigi Mangione was handed back to New York?A. It was a common procedure for high-profile defendants.B. It was a show of force by law enforcement.C. It was a publicity stunt by the defendant’s legal team.D. It was an unusual event, reflecting the gravity of the case. Part II. TRANSCRIPTSuspect in US Health Boss Murder Appears in Court Hello, I’m Moira Alderson with the BBC News. (Q1) The suspect accused of shooting dead the US health insurance boss, Brian Thompson, has appeared in court in New York amid intense security. (Q2) Luigi Mangione faces a federal charge of murder, as well as charges brought by the states of New York and Pennsylvania. (Q3) A small number of supporters gathered outside the courtroom, one with a poster reading health over Wealth. Netitafik is following the case.(Q4) There was such a dramatic parade of Luigi Mangione in front of the cameras as he was handed back to New York. It’s something that I’ve quite frankly not seen in the past. Of course, he is a special kind of defendant given the circumstances of the alleged crime. But he was flown to New York, taken off of the helicopter and flanked by heavily armed law enforcement from several agencies, followed by New York’s mayor, Eric Adams, the police chief, the chief of detectives, and then brought straight to that federal courthouse.frankly adv. 坦率地，直白地defendant n. 被告，受审者armed adj. 武装的，装备武器的Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The suspect accused of shooting dead the US health insurance boss, Brian Thompson, has appeared in court in New York amid intense security.”，可知被指控射杀美国医疗保险老板Brian Thompson的嫌疑人在在严密的安保措施下出现在纽约法庭。因此，安全措施被描述为非常严密，答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Luigi Mangione faces a federal charge of murder, as well as charges brought by the states of New York and Pennsylvania.”，可知Luigi Mangione面临联邦的谋杀指控，以及由纽约州和宾夕法尼亚州提出的指控。因此答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“A small number of supporters gathered outside the courtroom, one with a poster reading health over Wealth.”，可知一小群支持者聚集在法庭外，其中一人举着一个海报，上面写着“健康胜过财富”。这表明部分公众对医疗保险行业持抗议态度，答案为A。Q4. D.【解析】主旨题。根据“There was such a dramatic parade of Luigi Mangione in front of the cameras as he was handed back to New York... Of course, he is a special kind of defendant given the circumstances of the alleged crime.”，可知Luigi Mangione被交回纽约时，在摄像机前进行了一场戏剧性的游行...当然，鉴于所指控的犯罪情况，他是一个特别的被告。这表明“游行式”押送是不寻常的，反映了案件的严重性。因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 流感季来袭，你准备好了吗？

流感季来袭，你准备好了吗？Flu season is here. Are you ready?慢速| 六级（CET-6）较难 | 856词 | 5min42s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the primary mechanism by which the influenza virus evades immunity?A. By hiding within host cells.B. By jumping between species.C. By constantly changing its strains.D. By developing resistance to antibiotics.Q2. How does the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System facilitate the update of the influenza vaccine?A. By providing financial support to laboratories.B. By conducting clinical trials for new vaccines.C. By training public health officials in various countries.D. By collecting and analyzing virus samples and sharing data with WHO.Q3. How does the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System safeguard public health?A. By updating vaccine strains.B. By controlling international travel.C. By treating influenza patients globally.D. By creating new health regulations.Q4. According to Dr. Shoshanna Goldin, which of the following groups is at the highest risk of severe complications from seasonal influenza?A. Young and healthy adults.B. Children under the age of five.C. Pregnant women and individuals with chronic health conditions.D. People who live in tropical regions.Q5. What is the significance of the fact that the influenza vaccine has been used for over seventy years?A. It is no longer effective due to virus mutations.B. It is a testament to its safety and efficacy.C. It indicates that the virus has not changed much.D. It means that the vaccine is no longer necessary.Q6. Why is it still beneficial to get vaccinated even if one has already missed the recommended early season vaccination?A. The vaccine provides immediate protection.B. The peak of the flu season is yet to come.C. Vaccination can prevent all flu cases.D. The vaccine takes two weeks to become effective, offering protection for the rest of the season.Q7. What can be inferred from the statement that the seasonal influenza vaccine is like an umbrella?A. The vaccine provides partial protection against the flu.B. The vaccine is not effective in preventing the flu.C. The vaccine is only effective in certain weather conditions.D. The vaccine can prevent all cases of severe influenza.Q8. What is the main purpose of the conversation between VGS and Dr. Shoshanna Goldin?A. To discuss the latest treatments for influenza.B. To highlight the importance of the influenza vaccine.C. To debate the safety of vaccines.D. To compare influenza with the common cold.Part II. TRANSCRIPTFlu season is here. Are you ready?VGS: The influenza virus is smart. (Q1) It has many strains. It keeps changing to overcome immunity and it jumps species. It exists in every country and every year, hundreds of thousands of people die because of seasonal influenza. How do experts and scientists keep ahead of this virus? We are talking today to Dr Shoshanna Goldin about how experts and public health scientists keep us safe and protected from this virus.SG: Vismita, you’re right. The influenza virus is complex and it’s always changing. Our best tool to protect against severe influenza, illness and death is the vaccine. So what this means is that we are always in a race between the influenza virus and keeping our vaccine up to date. Over the last seventy years, we’ve developed a sophisticated network to allow us to keep up with the virus’ evolution. The Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System is a network of more than a hundred and fifty laboratories in one hundred and thirty countries around the world. (Q2) These laboratories are collecting influenza virus samples, they’re analyzing what strains of influenza are circulating and they share that information back with WHO. Twice a year, WHO convenes global experts to analyze this data and determine what influenza strains are predominantly circulating and should be included in the next influenza vaccine.predominantly adv. 主要地，通常地VGS: Shoshanna, how does this network protect us?SG: (Q3) This network protects you by making sure that the influenza vaccine is as up to date as possible. It also helps us to understand if there are new influenza viruses that are emerging. This network has been an effective global collaboration for more than seventy years.VGS: We’re talking about seasonal influenza, right? So, people could say, “Well, it’s a common cold. You’ll get over it.” How serious can seasonal influenza be and who should be vaccinated?vaccinate v. 接种疫苗SG: Seasonal influenza is serious. It causes up to five million hospitalizations each year and is estimated to cause 650 thousand respiratory derived deaths alone. That’s quite a significant global health burden. The people who should be vaccinated to protect themselves against this virus are the people who are most likely to get severe disease or die from an influenza complication. (Q4) These include people like your elderly parents so, older adults, pregnant women, people with chronic conditions, so they might have underlying heart issues, lung issues, they could have diabetes, obesity, or have an immune system that’s compromised because of a virus such has HIV or cancer. WHO does also recommend that health workers be vaccinated against influenza each year because they are exposed to so much influenza through their workplace.respiratory adj. 呼吸的，呼吸系统的VGS: So is this vaccine safe?SG: (Q5) The influenza vaccine is very safe. It’s been used for more than seventy years around the world. Influenza vaccines can be used by people aged six months and older and they should be taken annually. What I think is a very fun fact, is that influenza vaccines are one of the most commonly used vaccines around the world with nearly one billion doses used each year.VGS: So, it’s flu season here and I missed my vaccination. Is it too late for me now?SG: (Q6) It’s not too late to get vaccinated. The season for influenza lasts several months. While we do recommend that you get vaccinated as early in the season as possible to protect yourself throughout the full duration, you could be vaccinated now and protect yourself from the peak. What’s important to remember is that it does take about two weeks for the influenza vaccine to protect you for you to develop that full immunity to influenza. So, it’s better to get vaccinated now and not wait any longer. When you go off to get vaccinated, if you’re eligible, you could also get influenza and COVID-19 vaccination in your same visit.VGS: So for our audiences who may be watching from different parts of the world, whenever their flu season is, how can they protect themselves?SG: There are several ways you can protect yourself from seasonal influenza. Washing your hands regularly, staying in well-ventilated areas, and if you’re medically vulnerable, so if you are a member of one of those high-risk groups you may want to consider wearing a mask if you’re likely to be exposed to influenza, such as in a crowded setting. But it’s important to remember that our best tool to protect against severe influenza and death is actually the vaccine. Getting vaccinated every year can help to keep you safe. (Q7) Think about it like an umbrella, an umbrella may not keep you completely dry but it will make sure that you and your loved ones standing close to you are not drenched in the rain. The seasonal influenza vaccine works in a very similar way. By taking the seasonal influenza vaccine, you protect yourself from severe illness and death. It may be possible that you still get a case of influenza but it will be a mild case rather than a severe one.drench v. 使湿透，使浸水VGS: Thank you, Shoshanna, that was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。根据“It has many strains. It keeps changing to overcome immunity”，可知流感病毒有许多株系，它不断变化以克服免疫力。因此，答案是C。Q2. D.【解析】细节题。根据“These laboratories are collecting influenza virus samples, they’re analyzing what strains of influenza are circulating and they share that information back with WHO.”，可知这些实验室收集流感病毒样本，分析正在传播的流感病毒株，并将这些信息与世卫组织共享。因此，答案是D。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“This network protects you by making sure that the influenza vaccine is as up to date as possible.”，可知其作用是通过确保流感疫苗尽可能保持时效性来保护公众健康。因此，答案是A。Q4. C.【解析】细节题。根据“These include people like your elderly parents so, older adults, pregnant women, people with chronic conditions, so they might have underlying heart issues, lung issues, they could have diabetes, obesity, or have an immune system that’s compromised because of a virus such has HIV or cancer.”，可知高风险人群包括老年父母、老年人、孕妇、有慢性疾病的人，他们可能有潜在的心脏问题，肺部问题，可能有糖尿病，肥胖，或者因为像HIV或癌症这样的病毒而免疫系统受损的人。因此，答案是C。Q5. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The influenza vaccine is very safe. It’s been used for more than seventy years around the world.”，可知流感疫苗非常安全。它已在全球使用了七十多年，这表明疫苗的安全性和有效性得到了长期验证。因此，答案是B。Q6. D.【解析】细节题。根据“It’s not too late to get vaccinated... it does take about two weeks for the influenza vaccine to protect you for you to develop that full immunity to influenza.”，可知及时错过了推荐接种的时间，现在接种疫苗也还不晚，因为接种疫苗后需要大约两周的时间产生免疫力，仍能为流感剩余时间提供防护，因此，答案是D。Q7. A.【解析】推理题。根据“Think about it like an umbrella, an umbrella may not keep you completely dry but it will make sure that you and your loved ones standing close to you are not drenched in the rain.”，可知伞可能不能完全让你保持干燥，但能确保你不会被大雨浇透，将疫苗比作雨伞，这表明疫苗能提供一定程度的保护，但并不是完全免疫。因此，答案是A。Q8. B.【解析】主旨题。整个对话的主要目的是强调流感疫苗的重要性，这一点在对话中多次提及，特别是在讨论疫苗的作用、安全性以及为什么某些群体应该接种疫苗时。因此，答案是B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

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