全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2（思政智慧版）

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程3

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 负能量之人会使身边人加速衰老

负能量之人会使身边人加速衰老How Toxic People Make Us Age Faster常速 | 六级 | 570词 | 4min25s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. In which scientific journal was the new study on toxic social ties published?A. The Lancet.B. Nature.C. Journal of the American Medical Association.D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Q2. What advanced method was used in the study to measure the volunteers’ biological age?A. Blood pressure monitoring.B. Genetic sequencing analysis.C. Hormone level testing.D. DNA methylation-based aging clocks.Q3. What percentage of the volunteers reported having at least one toxic person in their social network?A. 8.1%.B. 10%.C. 28.8%.D. 38.8%.Q4. Why might a toxic spouse have a weaker effect on aging than toxic friends or family members?A. Because people usually spend less time with their spouses than with friends.B. Because the positive aspects of marriage may reduce some negative effects.C. Because toxic friends are generally more aggressive than toxic spouses.D. Because spouses are more likely to receive professional help for their issues.Q5. What is the main message that the passage intends to convey?A. Toxic people accelerate aging and should be avoided to promote healthier aging.B. The biological aging process is determined by a person’s social network.C. Marriage can offer total protection against the negative effects of toxic people.D. Women are more likely than men to have toxic people in their social network.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Toxic People Make Us Age FasterHow bad are toxic people for physical health?Supportive and positive social relationships with friends and family members can have many positive effects on health and mental well-being. In contrast, toxic friends or family members that are overly hostile, permanently passive-aggressive, or purposefully difficult can become huge stressors. Chronic stress has all sorts of negative effects on both mental and physical health. For example, stress research has shown that chronic stress can accelerate ageing and increase inflammation.inflammation n. 炎症This implies an intriguing research question: Do toxic people not only worsen our mental health, but do they maybe also have a very real effect on biological age and accelerate the ageing process due to all the stress they cause?A new study on toxic social ties, accelerated aging, and inflammation(Q1) A new study, just published in the prestigious scientific journal “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” (or in short: PNAS), was focused on finding out whether toxic people accelerate biological aging (Lee and co-workers, 2026). In the study entitled “Negative social ties as emerging risk factors for accelerated aging, inflammation, and multimorbidity”, (Q2) the research team led by scientist Byungkyu Lee from New York University used an advanced biological method called DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks. This method allowed them to determine the biological age of the volunteers in their study. Overall, data from more than 2,300 volunteers from Indiana were analyzed in the study. For each volunteer, the scientists determined their social networks and whether they had one or more “hasslers” in their social network. “Hasslers” were people who caused the person too much stress and difficulty. Moreover, saliva samples were collected from the volunteers to perform the advanced DNA methylation-based determination of their biological age. Moreover, the volunteers filled out further questionnaires on health and mental health.multimorbidity n. 多病症methylation-based adj. 基于甲基化的hassler n. 困难，麻烦saliva n. 唾液questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表Results of the study: Toxic people accelerate agingOverall, the volunteers identified 8.1 percent of the overall number of people in their social networks as toxic “hasslers.” (Q3) Overall, 28.8 percent of volunteers reported having one or more toxic people in their social networks. 10 percent of volunteers had two or more toxic people in their social network. Women were more likely than men to have at least one toxic person in their social network. Moreover, people who felt like others depended on them a lot were more likely to have toxic people in their network.The analysis showed that each toxic person led to a 1.5 percent faster ageing process. On average, the biological age of volunteers with toxic people in their social networks was 9 months higher than that of people of the same birth age without toxic friends or family members. (Q4) Interestingly, toxic family members or toxic friends had stronger effects on ageing than toxic spouses. This may be the case because the positive effects of marriage, such as reduced loneliness, may buffer some of the negative effects of toxic social contacts. Last but not least, having a toxic person in the social network also affected multiple further biological parameters beyond biological ageing, such as inflammation levels.buffer v. 减缓，减少Take-Away: Stay away from toxic peopleThe study clearly showed that toxic friends or family members have very real biological effects. They not only cause reduced mental well-being and frustration but also accelerate ageing and increase inflammation in the body. (Q5) This suggests that for healthy ageing and general well-being, reducing contact with toxic people is highly important.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study, just published in the prestigious scientific journal ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America’ (or in short: PNAS).”。 该句明确指出了期刊名称，即著名的科学杂志《美国国家科学院院刊》（简称PNAS），因此，正确答案为D。Q2. D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research team used an advanced biological method called DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks. This method allowed them to determine the biological age of the volunteers.”。 意为：“研究团队使用了一种先进的生物学方法，叫做‘基于DNA甲基化的生物年龄时钟’。这种方法使他们能够确定志愿者的生物学年龄。” 因此，正确答案为D。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Overall, 28.8 percent of volunteers reported having one or more toxic people in the social network.”。 意为：“总体而言，28.8%的志愿者称其社交网络中有一个或多个‘带有负能量的’的人。” 因此，正确答案为C。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Interestingly, toxic family members or toxic friends had stronger effects on ageing than toxic spouses. This may be the case because the positive effects of marriage, such as reduced loneliness, may buffer some of the negative effects of toxic social contacts.”。 意为：“有趣的是，带有负能量的家人或朋友比负能量配偶对衰老的影响更大。这或许是因为婚姻带来的积极影响如减少孤独感等，在一定程度上缓冲了带有负能量的社交关系所带来的部分负面影响。”由此正确答案为B。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。结合全文，文章的核心观点是远离带有负能量之人以促进健康，减缓衰老，因此，正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 社交媒体为何让人欲罢不能？

社交媒体为何让人欲罢不能？What Science Can Teach Us About the Pull of Social Media常速 | 六级偏难 | 505词 | 3min18s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the author say about the DSM-5 and social media addiction?A. It has classified SMA as a distinct mental disorder.B. It does not recognize SMA as a distinct mental disorder.C. It suggests that SMA should be treated with medication.D. It proves that SMA is a form of behavioral addiction.Q2. According to the passage, which personality trait may be a risk factor for compulsive social media behavior? A. Extroversion.B. Agreeableness.C. Neuroticism.D. Conscientiousness.Q3. What can be inferred from the passage about the future of social media addiction research?A. It may lead to legal regulations similar to those for gambling.B. It has already provided clear answers to all related questions.C. It proves that personality is the only cause of social media addiction.D. It shows that social media addiction is less serious than drug addiction.Q4. What question does the author raise regarding children and social media?A. Whether children should be banned from using social media.B. Whether social media should be legislated like tobacco and alcohol.C. Whether children should be guided on what to view on social media.D. Whether social media platforms should be redesigned for children.Q5. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To argue that social media should be banned for users.B. To describe a court case about social media addiction.C. To prove that social media addiction is a mental disorder.D. To explore the pull of social media and related concerns.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhat Science Can Teach Us About the Pull of Social MediaYou have probably heard of the social-media addiction trial that recently took place in Los Angeles. A young woman took Meta and YouTube to court, accusing them of making her addicted to social media — and she won.This was an interesting court case, and one that raises many questions — questions that there are currently no clear answers to, but that people ought to think about, especially as they are likely to pop up in many upcoming debates.Social media is extensively used.As many as one in every three people use social media, and in the USA, people are reportedly spending around 6 hours a day on it. In 2025, Facebook was the most popular social media platform with over 3 billion users, closely followed by WhatsApp and Instagram, which both had about 3 billion users. Approximately 60% of the global population use some kind of social media, if not multiple platforms. With such extensive use, it is not strange that social media addiction (SMA) has become a focal point for many researchers.focal adj. 中心的；重要的Is social media addictive? (Q1) It is worth noting that the DSM-5 (the diagnostic tool for psychologists) does not recognize SMA as a distinct mental disorder; it is often discussed as a condition that requires more research. Thus, the conversations around SMA are not necessarily straightforward.DSM-5 《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版diagnostic adj. 诊断的；用于判断的Within the research literature, SMA has been described as a specific form of digital technology addiction. It refers to the excessive and compulsive use of social media platforms, which can lead to detrimental life consequences. SMA shares components with behavioral disorders like gambling, including salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse.compulsive adj. 强迫性的；难以自控的salience n. 显著性relapse n. 复发；重新陷入（不良状态）(Q2) In a study reviewing over 30,000 participants’ scores on media addiction and personality, it was found that neuroticism can be a risk factor for compulsive social media behavior. Even though the relationship was not very strong, it perhaps indicates that some people may be more likely to become addicted. There are other personality characteristics associated with increased likelihood of compulsion, such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. But it needs to be mentioned that there may be external factors that contribute to the link between excessive social media use and personality. It is even possible that SMA may vary depending on the platform that individuals use.compulsion n. 强迫（行为）；难以抗拒的冲动narcissism n. 自恋；自我中心Machiavellianism n. 权谋主义psychopathy n. 精神病态Should social media be legislated?To what extent social media ought to be controlled by law is a difficult question to address. Just as with debates around tobacco, alcohol, and gambling, there are bound to be varied opinions. (Q3) As more researchers appear to agree that SMA may be a genuine addictive disorder, then presumably, as with other substances, it should be managed to reduce potential risks. (Q4) The cognitive complexity involved in deciding what to view online is also one that should be carefully debated when it comes to children. In most societies, children are guided as to what they can watch in the cinema or on television. It is difficult to see why social media ought to be any different.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“It is worth noting that the DSM-5 (the diagnostic tool for psychologists) does not recognize SMA as a distinct mental disorder; it is often discussed as a condition that requires more research.”。意为：“值得注意的是，《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第五版（心理学家使用的诊断工具）并不未将社交媒体成瘾视为一种独立的精神障碍；它通常被视为一种需要进一步研究的状况来讨论。”因此，正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“In a study reviewing over 30,000 participants’ scores on media addiction and personality, it was found that neuroticism can be a risk factor for compulsive social media behavior.” 意为：“一项针对3万余名参与者在媒体成瘾和人格特质方面评分的研究发现，神经质可能是强迫性社交媒体使用行为的一个风险因素。” 该句明确指出神经质是风险因素之一，因此，正确答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“As more researchers appear to agree that SMA may be a genuine addictive disorder, then presumably, as with other substances, it should be managed to reduce potential risks.”。意为：“随着越来越多的研究者似乎认同社交媒体成瘾可能是一种真实存在的成瘾性障碍，那么可以推断，就像对待其他成瘾物质一样，也应对其进行管控，以减少潜在风险。”由此可以推断，正确答案为A。Q4. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The cognitive complexity involved in deciding what to view online is also one that should be carefully debated when it comes to children. In most societies, children are guided as to what they can watch in the cinema or on television. It is difficult to see why social media ought to be any different.” 意为：“在涉及儿童时，对于在线内容选择所涉及的认知复杂性，也应进行审慎的讨论。在大多数社会中，儿童观看影院或电视节目的内容都会受到引导和限制，而社交媒体在这方面显然不应例外。” 该段表明作者认为儿童在社交媒体上的浏览内容也应受到引导，因此正确答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。全文围绕社交媒体的吸引力、是否成瘾、以及应如何应对展开探讨，因此主要探讨社交媒体的吸引力及其引发的担忧，正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 你愿意被机器人照顾吗？

你愿意被机器人照顾吗？Would You Want to Be Cared for by a Robot?常速 | 六级 | 758词 | 4min59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the author say about the world’s population of over-60s?A. It has doubled since 1980 and will double again by 2050.B. It has tripled since 1980 and will double by 2050.C. It has remained stable since 1980.D. It will decrease significantly by 2050.Q2. What function does the exoskeleton serve for the elderly according to the passage?A. It helps them walk faster than normal people.B. It gives them full control of their mobility.C. It completely replaces human carers.D. It automatically chooses walking routes.Q3. What can the robot Clara do according to the passage?A. Cook meals according to dietary needs.B. Tell jokes to improve your emotional well-being.C. Detect changes in your mood and physical state.D. Clean rooms and maintain the gardens.Q4. What can be inferred about using robots in care homes from the passage?A. Robots will completely replace human carers soon.B. Most elderly people will refuse robot care.C. It has been widely accepted by society.D. It raises complex ethical and legal issues.Q5. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe features of various care robots.B. To argue for replacing humans with robots.C. To explore possibilities and concerns of robot care.D. To prove that robot care is better than human care.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWould You Want to Be Cared for by a Robot?It’s Saturday night in the year 2100, and you’re at the quiz night in a care home. The Saturday night quiz is serious business. While the residents battle it out, a team of carers quietly ensures the smooth running of the home. Luna announces the questions. Zach serves dinner and drinks, and Qi-Young administers evening medications. But Luna, Zach, and Qi-Young aren’t human. They’re robots. And one day, they could be your retirement companions.battle it out 拼搏一场One in three people born today will live until they’re 100. (Q1) The world’s population of over-60s has doubled since 1980 to around a billion, and it’s projected to double again by 2050. That’s a lot of people who may one day need additional support to live fulfilling and comfortable lives. Assistive intelligent robots could relieve pressure in understaffed care homes. So what would being looked after by robots actually feel like?Imagine – you’re woken up by your favorite song played by a music robot. Luna, a humanoid, is ready with your perfect brew, milk and sugar selected with precision. (Q2) Luna helps you choose your outfit for your morning walk and assists you into your exoskeleton, an aid that gives you full control of your mobility. humanoid n. 人形机器人exoskeleton n. 外骨骼（装置）You take a stroll around the gardens with your human carer, Dan. You choose your own route, and your exoskeleton responds to your subtle movements and commands, which it picks up via smart wearables, so you’re fully in control. Along the way, you see robots maintaining the beautifully manicured grounds, alerting carers to any potential hazards. You stop to chat to a friend, and if your conversation is cut short, a robot attendant will remember what you were talking about and set up another time for you to chat. manicured adj. 修剪整齐的When you return to your room, it’s been cleaned by a team of housekeeping robots. Unburdened by time-consuming routine tasks, your human carer, Dan, can take his time chatting to residents, giving everyone his full attention. You then enjoy a sumptuous communal breakfast with the other residents and staff. Bruno, the kitchen robot, serves up a feast customized to your personal dietary requirements, allergies, and he doesn’t forget that you hate mushrooms. (Q3) Clara, a humanoid robot with soft silicone skin and a calming voice, assists you with medication. Her senses can immediately detect changes in your mood, walking pattern, or skin temperature. Prakash, a robot designed for emotional well-being, tells you a joke. His AI adapts to each resident’s personality and allows him to keep up to date with their interests, likes, and dislikes. sumptuous adj. 豪华的；丰盛的communal adj. 公共的；共用的customize v. 定制While this scenario may sound idyllic, it’s not without serious considerations. Take, for example, logistics. This vision would mean extensive building redesigns to accommodate robot carers. Care homes of the future would need to take into consideration how robots navigate rough terrain, shared spaces, and moving around one another, all while ensuring that they don’t themselves become mobility hazards for residents. (Q4) And on an ethical and legal level, there’s a ton of complexities with no easy answers. idyllic adj. 田园诗般的；宁静美好的ethical adj. 伦理的；道德的Imagine a scenario where a robot makes a mistake, perhaps administering the wrong medication or failing to alert staff during an emergency. Who or what would be held responsible? And what are the privacy implications of sharing all your personal health data with a robot? And what will all of this mean in terms of maintaining the skills and jobs of human care workers? And then there’s, of course, the question at the heart of what it means to give and receive care. Empathy, emotional support, and human contact are essential for all of us, particularly when we’re at our most vulnerable.implication n. 可能的影响（或后果）While robots may be able to help out with physical caring, health monitoring, and even limited companionship, could they ever be a true substitute for the humans currently doing those jobs? This leads us to perhaps our most important question. Would we have the right to refuse robot care? And how might we be empowered to do so? These aren’t just questions for engineers or policymakers. They’re for all of us. What do we want our care to look like in the future?empower v. 赋予权力；使自主Today’s research looks at how robots can make their own decisions using data from their sensors, other robots, and tech worn by residents and carers. By 2100, robots will be far more capable than they are today. (Q5) If they can allow for more time and attention from human carers and empower our older selves to live safe, dignified, and fulfilled lives, perhaps it’s not a question of if they should be used, but how.dignified adj. 有尊严的Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The world’s population of over-60s has doubled since 1980 to around a billion, and it’s projected to double again by 2050.”。 意为：“自1980年以来，全球60岁以上人口数量翻了一番，达到约10亿，预计到2050年将再翻一番。”因此正确答案为A。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Luna helps you choose your outfit for your morning walk and assists you into your exoskeleton, an aid that gives you full control of your mobility.”。 意为：“Luna会帮你挑选晨间散步的穿搭，并帮你穿上外骨骼装置，这种装置能帮你完全掌控自己的行动能力。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Clara, a humanoid robot with soft silicone skin and a calming voice, assists you with medication. Her senses can immediately detect changes in your mood, walking pattern, or skin temperature.”。 意为：“克拉拉是一个拥有柔软硅胶皮肤和平静声音的人形机器人，能协助你服药。她的传感器能即时察觉你的情绪变化、步态异常或皮肤温度波动。”因此正确答案为C。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“And on an ethical and legal level, there’s a ton of complexities with no easy answers.”。 意为：“在伦理和法律层面上，存在着大量错综复杂的问题，且没有简单的答案。”文章随后进一步讨论了如果机器人犯错谁该负责的问题、个人健康数据的隐私问题、对人类护工就业的影响等。由此可以推断，正确答案为D。Q5. C.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为全文，尤其是结尾段落：“If they can allow for more time and attention from human carers and empower our older selves to live safe, dignified and fulfilled lives, perhaps it’s not a question of if they should be used, but how.”。 意为：“如果机器人能让人类护工有更多时间和精力陪伴老人，并能让我们年老时能够安全、有尊严、充实地活着，那么问题或许不在于是否应该使用机器人，而在于如何使用。”文章从未来场景设想出发，既介绍了机器人辅助养老的可能性，也讨论了伦理、法律、隐私等担忧，因此正确答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 何为智者？

何为智者？What makes a person wise?常速 | 五级（易）| 350词 | 2min18s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the text, what do all cultures not agree on regarding wisdom? A. Its importance in society. B. Its definition and components. C. Its connection to intelligence. D. Its role in spiritual practices. Q2. What are the two characteristics associated with wisdom according to the study? A. Emotional stability and logical reasoning. B. Intelligence and cultural adaptability. C. Compassionate love and spiritual understanding. D. Socio-emotional awareness and reflective orientation. Q3. What can be inferred about the role of emotions in being perceived as wise? A. Emotions should always be suppressed to appear wise. B. Emotions are irrelevant to the perception of wisdom. C. Emotions need to be balanced with logical thinking. D. Emotions are more important than reflective orientation. Q4. What does the apple pie analogy in ‘The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom’ illustrate? A. Different cultures have their own unique wisdom traditions. B. Wisdom is like an apple pie that everyone enjoys equally. C. Wisdom is universally agreed upon across cultures. D. Wisdom is best understood through spiritual practices. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explore the universal definition of wisdom. B. To discuss how wisdom is perceived across cultures. C. To highlight the importance of emotional intelligence. D. To explain the relationship between wisdom and intelligence. Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhat makes a person wise?Think of the wisest person you know. What is it that makes them wise? What qualities do they have? Does wisdom mean the same for you as it does for me? (Q1) All cultures value wisdom, but not all cultures agree on its definition. For some, the focus is on intelligence, while others emphasise compassionate love for others. In some cultures, a spiritual component is required to be considered wise. Are there any aspects of wisdom that all cultures can agree on?compassionate adj. 富有同情心的 A group of 34 researchers from all over the world and from fields like psychology, philosophy and anthropology got together to explore ‘Dimensions of wisdom perception across twelve countries on five continents’. The study found two characteristics that everyone — from urban university students in Peru to villagers in rural India — associated with wisdom.anthropology n. 人类学 perception n. 感知，认识 (Q2-1) The first quality a wise person must have is ‘socio-emotional awareness’. This is about the ability to understand others’ point of view and really care about their thoughts and feelings.(Q2-2) However, this person must also have the second quality: ‘reflective orientation’, which is about using logic and past experience to make judgments. (Q3) If you are mindlessly driven by emotions and don’t think before you act, then you are unlikely to be perceived as wise. So, if you want to be wise, learn to both keep your cool and put yourself in others’ shoes.But, while this study helps us build a more unified definition of wisdom, the world is vast and cultures vary hugely. In ‘The Cambridge Handbook of Wisdom’, the authors make an apple pie analogy, comparing pie to wisdom. Imagine your grandmother makes your favourite apple pie — she represents the wisdom you think is best. Now, imagine you take this apple pie to the Amazon rainforest, where apples don’t grow. For the locals, the pie isn’t as good as their own traditional desserts; they’ve grown up with different flavours and ingredients, (Q4) just as different cultures have developed their own wisdom traditions. Ultimately, the way wisdom is experienced, shared, and valued depends on the cultural ingredients involved.analogy n. 类比，比喻 Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“All cultures value wisdom, but not all cultures agree on its definition.”，可见所有文化都重视智慧，但都对智慧的定义看法不一致。正确答案为B。 Q2. D.【解析】细节题。根据“The first quality a wise person must have is ‘socio-emotional awareness’.”以及“However, this person must also have the second quality: ‘reflective orientation’”，可知研究将智慧与两大特质联系起来。第一个特质是“社会情感认知”，第二个特质是“反思思辨能力”。正确答案为D。 Q3. C.【解析】推理题。根据“If you are mindlessly driven by emotions and don’t think before you act, then you are unlikely to be perceived as wise.”，可知如果被情绪盲目驱使，且在行动前不假思索就不算有智慧，由此可推断，情绪需要与逻辑思维相互平衡，因此正确答案为C。 Q4. A.【解析】细节题。根据“Just as different cultures have developed their own wisdom traditions.”，可知不同文化发展了自己的智慧传统。苹果派的类比意在说明不同文化拥有各自独特的智慧传统，因此正确答案为A。 Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。根据全文，文章主要探讨了智慧在不同文化中的定义和感知方式，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼

最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼Yelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else Does常速 | 五级（偏难） | 632词 | 4min9s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the data from applied behavior analysis (ABA) indicate about the effect of verbal redirections?A. They effectively stop children’s problem behaviors.B. They often make the children’s behaviors worse.C. They work better when combined with rewards.D. They are the most common parenting strategy.Q2. According to the passage, why do parents keep using aversive strategies like yelling?A. They are proven to be scientifically effective.B. They help the child learn self-control faster.C. Parents feel better, and they sometimes work.D. Most parenting experts recommend them.Q3. What happens when parents intend punishment as aversiveness?A. The child’s problem behavior improves at once.B. Both parents and children may find it rewarding.C. The child becomes more afraid of the parent.D. Parents usually stop using punishment entirely.Q4. What can be inferred about the “replacement behavior” strategy mentioned in the passage?A. It rewards good behaviors to reduce bad ones.B. It punishes problem behaviors more strictly.C. It only works for neurodivergent children.D. It asks parents to ignore problem behaviors.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Yelling is the most effective way to correct children.B. Parents should never use any form of punishment.C. ABA data proves isolation is the best response.D. Aversive strategies backfire; rewarding works better.Part II. TRANSCRIPTYelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else DoesIn the world of applied behavior analysis (ABA), what matters most is the data. (Q1) Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse. In this post, we will explore why yelling at a child seldom works in the long run and how to win the battle of wills with your child.verbal adj. 口头的；言语的redirection n. 转向，此处指教导What Is Punishment?Many modern parenting movements cast punishment in a negative light. However, punishment in ABA is simply the application of an outcome that decreases the chances of a behavior recurring. It is not the harsh (often called aversive) response to a child. But, many folks confuse aversives—yelling, spanking, social isolation—with punishment.recur v. 再发生；反复出现aversive adj. 厌恶的 n. 任何令人不快或痛苦的刺激物spanking n. 打屁股（尤指打小孩）Another form of punishment is often called positive punishment. Positive punishment usually works, while aversives typically are not nearly as effective. So why do people keep using aversive strategies?(Q2) The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work. If it works just enough—and randomly enough—the decrease or elimination of the child’s problem behavior is rewarding to the parent. That random pattern of success builds a surprisingly durable habit of reaching for aversives. Unfortunately, what works best will never be tried if aversives are the main strategy. But what if there’s a better approach?When Do Punishments Become Rewards?(Q3) When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding. These two dynamics define the major ways “punishments” become rewards.What to Do: 3 Steps to Change a Child’s Behavior1. Define Punishment and Problem BehaviorsKeep in mind that punishment reduces—or eliminates—a problem behavior. By holding onto that as your goal, you can refocus when things get hard. Ask yourself: “What specifically do I want my child to stop doing?”2. Find the Replacement Behavior(Q4) One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out. Adding a reward to compete with the problem behavior is more effective, and frankly more pleasant for everyone, than adding a consequence to the problem behavior itself.A problem behavior keeps happening because of what it produces. Attention is often the payoff. If we know the reward is attention, the next question is: What do we want the child to do instead? Once we identify an alternative, we can reward that replacement behavior consistently and drive down the problem behavior simultaneously.simultaneously adv. 同时地3. Change How You ReactThis is the hardest step—and the most important. Parents will need to:Decide what the replacement behavior looks like;Teach it by setting an example;Prompt it in situations that used to trigger yelling;Praise it heavily and pay real attention when the child uses it;Notice it even when unprompted, so the reinforcement stays consistent;Soon, the replacement behavior will take over, and the old triggers will lose their pull.What to Do if You Need HelpParents of neurodivergent children, in particular, often find themselves responding to aggressive or self-injurious behaviors with anxious or angry attention—largely because those behaviors are overwhelming. That’s not failure; that’s human. But outside help can make the difference. Finding a provider with genuine ABA expertise can turn things around faster than going it alone.neurodivergent adj. 神经多样的（大脑处理信息方式异于常人的）Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse.”。 意为：“很多家长一着急就冲孩子吼，想用言语制止他们的行为，可数据显示，这么做根本没用——孩子的行为非但没停，反而常常愈演愈烈。”该句明确指出数据表明口头教导往往使孩子的行为变得更糟，因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work.”。 意为：“答案其实是：很多时候，父母吼完或者把孩子单独关在房间里，自己心里会觉得好受些。有时候，这种惩罚手段甚至还真能见效。”因此正确答案为C。Q3. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding.” 意为：“当我们把‘惩罚’理解为施加令人不快的刺激时，父母本意是想惩罚孩子，结果却常常变成了对所有人的‘奖励’。父母冲孩子吼完之后，怒气或压力减轻了——这种负面情绪的缓解对他们来说就是一种奖励；而对孩子来说，哪怕得到的是带着怒意的关注，关注本身就足以成为一种奖励。”该句明确指出父母所以为的惩罚实际上对家长和孩子都可能变成一种奖励，因此正确答案为B。Q4. A.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out.”。 意为：“有一个常被忽视的策略，其实很简单：在你希望孩子多做的行为上，主动‘加点甜头’——也就是用一个替代行为来取代问题行为。当父母有意识地去奖励这个替代行为时，原来的问题行为自然就被‘挤掉’了。”因此，正确答案为A。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。综合全文，文章的核心观点是喊叫等厌恶型策略往往适得其反，而奖励替代行为等积极方法更为有效，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 我们应该害怕人工智能吗？

我们应该害怕人工智能吗？Should we fear AI? 常速 | 五级（偏难）| 345词 | 2min9s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one reason Elon Musk and other experts called for a pause in advanced AI development? A. To address potential risks posed by human-competitive intelligence. B. To promote AI’s use in solving global problems. C. To reduce the economic impact of AI on job markets. D. To advance communication technologies like Skype. Q2. What does The Future of Life Institute suggest about advanced AI systems? A. They should be developed faster to solve global problems. B. They can help reduce poverty in poorer countries. C. They pose profound risks to society and humanity. D. They are unlikely to replace human intelligence. Q3. According to Goldman Sachs, what is one possible impact of AI on the job market? A. AI will eliminate the need for human workers entirely. B. AI could replace 300 million full-time jobs. C. AI may create a productivity boom and new jobs. D. AI will only affect jobs in the technology sector. Q4. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To explain how AI works in modern technology. B. To discuss the potential benefits and risks of AI development. C. To highlight the economic advantages of AI. D. To promote AI’s use in solving global problems. Q5. What can be inferred about Bill Gates’ view on AI? A. He doubts AI’s ability to address global challenges. B. He suggests governments should collaborate with industry to manage AI risks. C. He believes AI will primarily benefit developed countries. D. He thinks AI development should be paused indefinitely. Part II. TRANSCRIPTShould we fear AI? There is no doubt that artificial intelligence - or AI - has become an important part of our lives. It is no longer just a thing of science fiction: it’s an incredible technological breakthrough that has changed the way we live. (Q4-1) But there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity.This claim might sound extreme, but (Q1) a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks. Estonian billionaire Jaan Tallinn, for example, who helped develop communication app Skype, thinks we should be cautious. And The Future of Life Institute, a not-for-profit organisation, says that there should be a temporary pause in advanced AI development, saying that (Q2) “AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can pose profound risks to society and humanity.”Tesla n. 特斯拉（公司名，指特斯拉汽车公司） billionaire n. 亿万富翁 This pessimistic outlook is supported by (Q3) a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs. But it may also mean new jobs and a productivity boom. We may argue that AI such as chatbots can help us. State-of-the-art ChatGPT, for example, has been helping some students write assignments. AI is allowing computers to think or act in a more human way. And machine learning means computers can learn what to do without being given explicit instructions. The technology is impressive, but as it starts to think for itself, will it outsmart us?Some people are more optimistic. (Q4-2) AI advocates say the tech is already delivering real social and economic benefits for people. Meanwhile, the founder of Microsoft, (Q5) Bill Gates, has called on governments to work with industry to “limit the risks” of AI. But he says the technology could save lives, particularly in poorer countries. He says, “Just as the world needs its brightest people focused on its biggest problems, we will need to focus the world’s best AIs on its biggest problems.” If this happens, maybe humanity will have a future.Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】细节题。根据“a letter signed by more than 1,000 technology experts, including Tesla boss Elon Musk, called on the world to press pause on the development of more advanced AI because of the risks.”，可知包括特斯拉老板埃隆·马斯克在内的1000多位技术专家签署了一封信，呼吁全球暂停开发更先进的人工智能，是因为其存在风险。正确答案为A。 Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“AI systems with human-competitive intelligence can pose profound risks to society and humanity.”，可知该机构认为具有与人类竞争性智能的人工智能系统可能会给社会和人类带来极大隐患。正确答案为C。 Q3. B.【解析】细节题。根据“a report by investment bank Goldman Sachs that says AI could replace the equivalent of 300 million full-time jobs.，可知高盛报告指出，人工智能可能会替代3亿个全职工作岗位。正确答案为B。 Q4. B.【解析】主旨题。根据“there are fears that AI has become too intelligent and could be a threat to humanity.”以及“AI advocates say the tech is already delivering real social and economic benefits for people”，可知文章先讲述人们担忧 AI 带来的各类风险，可能对人类构成威胁，又介绍AI 带来的社会经济益处，主要讨论了人工智能发展的利弊。正确答案为B。 Q5. B.【解析】推理题。根据“Bill Gates has called on governments to work with industry to ‘limit the risks’ of AI.”，可知比尔·盖茨呼吁政府与行业合作以“限制人工智能的风险”。由此可以推断，比尔·盖茨认为应该合作采取措施管控人工智能的风险，但并非完全暂停发展，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌授课

授课点评：潘紫萌老师在本次大赛中与来自全国各地的商务英语优秀教师展开激烈角逐，在教学理念、教学方法、课堂设计、英语素质、商务知识、教姿教态、师生互动等方面的表现都较突出，最后以总分第一荣获特等奖。潘老师以准确的英语发音先声夺人，丰富的表达方式、适中的语调语速和端庄的教姿教态也令人印象深刻。在课程设计环节，为实现其教学目标，她选择business ethics作为主题，介绍了教学目标、学生特征、以学生为中心和以产出为导向的教学理念，以及线上线下结合、传统和高科技媒体结合等丰富多彩的教学方式。这份介绍全面立体但简明扼要，为后面的演示（demo）课提供了一个很好的支撑。由于大赛的授课时间有限，潘老师突出重点，在演示课上只展示教学方案的第三步，即participatory learning 1 和 post assessment 1。她采用BOPPPS（bridge in, objectives, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post assessment, summary）模型，通过德国大众汽车减排作假、中国支付宝公益植树项目等案例，教学目标涵盖商务英语知识、技能、以及相关的伦理和价值观等。在短短的十几分钟里要达到这么多项教学目标绝非易事。潘老师通过一系列的短视频、多种教学方法（如听力填空、案例讨论、汉译英、样本对话补正等）以及活泼的师生互动，较好地实现了教学目标，显示出选手突出的课堂组织能力。商务英语教学起源于英美等国，因此基本使用本国素材、讲本国故事。传入中国后，主要使用外国素材、讲外国故事。令人欣喜的是，潘老师注意突出中国特色，多次引用中国案例，讲授中国故事，传播中国价值观。加上她出色的英语基本功和良好的师生互动，使得教学过程十分流畅，也没有不同文化同场展示的违和感。总而言之，潘紫萌老师在授课环节的各方面表现都很优秀。不足之处当然也有。首先， 8’13’’开始的讨论过于仓促，只有18秒， 8’31’’就结束了。由于讨论不充分，在随后的问答环节中，更多的回答似乎来自老师而不是学生。第二个是要增加教学过程的自然自发 (spontaneity)。不知是因为课前多次排练还是老师特意要求，学生的产出只有一次对话（17’40’’）相对自然，其他的多次回答虽准确无误，但都像中国小学生朗读课文或回答问题，语音、语调、语速都过于整齐合一，这不利于培养学生的英语实际表达能力。点评专家：陈准民

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

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