全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 演奏音乐有益大脑吗？

演奏音乐有益大脑吗？Is playing music good for the brain?常速 | 四级 | 605词 | 4min20s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why is making music considered a mental workout?A. It strengthens emotional control.B. It improves social communication skills.C. It requires the brain to coordinate several abilities. D. It mainly trains long-term memory.Q2. What benefit did studies find among professional musicians?A. They have more grey matter in some brain regions. B. They seldom have memory problems as they age. C. They can compose music much faster than others. D. They have larger brains overall.Q3. What is one possible advantage for children who begin instrument lessons young? A. They are more likely to speak a second language without an accent. B. The communication between their brain’s two hemispheres can be better. C. They will get higher scores in all school subjects. D. They can remember new words much faster than peers.Q4. What can we infer about music activities and cognitive abilities? A. Brass players usually outperform piano players in problem-solving tasks. B. Different kinds of music activities may lead to different cognitive strengths. C. Singers are generally weaker at planning tasks than woodwind players. D. Learning more instruments will bring greater improvements to memory.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Musical ability depends largely on genetics.B. Listening to music is better than playing instruments.C. Only professional musicians gain cognitive advantages.D. Music practice may benefit the brain in many ways.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs Playing Music Good for Your Brain?Can playing music make your brain work better? Research suggests that it can, and you don’t have to be a professional musician to enjoy the benefits.(Q1) Playing a musical instrument is like a workout for the brain. When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, and keep your attention on what you are doing. You may also need to remember a piece of music and express your feelings through it. All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.(Q2) Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. Other research suggests that musicians may also have better memory and be better at planning and solving problems. However, scientists are still studying these effects, so more research is needed to understand them fully.gray matter （脑的）灰质，中枢神经系统的重要组成部分Music may be especially helpful for children. (Q3) Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains. Learning music may also help children learn a second language and improve their ability to understand information without using words. These skills can be useful both in school and in everyday life.But what about people who start learning music when they are older? The good news is that it may still be beneficial. As people age, their memory and thinking skills can become weaker. However, some studies have found that older adults who continue to learn and practice an instrument may experience less decline in certain mental abilities. Other research has linked regular music practice with a lower risk of developing dementia, a condition that affects memory and thinking. Scientists do not yet know whether playing music directly protects the brain or whether people with better brain health are simply more likely to continue playing.(Q4) The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. Working memory helps us keep information in mind while using it. People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning. However, playing several instruments did not necessarily bring extra benefits.Music can also improve how we feel. When we play an instrument, the brain’s reward system becomes active, helping us feel pleasure. The body may also release chemicals called endorphins, which can help reduce pain and make us feel good. In addition, playing music with other people, such as in a band or choir, can reduce stress and help people build friendships.endorphin n. 内啡肽（一种体内生成的化学物质，能止痛并让人产生快感）What if you cannot play an instrument? Simply listening to music may also be good for your brain. A recent study found that older adults who regularly listened to music had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who did not listen regularly. Cognitive decline means a gradual loss of memory and other thinking abilities. However, this study could not prove that listening to music was the reason for the difference.(Q5) Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older. You do not need to become a musical genius to enjoy these benefits. The key is to make music a regular part of your life, whether you play an instrument, sing, or simply listen.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, ... All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.” 意为：“演奏音乐时，大脑必须同时进行多项活动，需要我们认真听，看谱，控制手指……所有这些活动会使我们的大脑得到大量训练。”因此，演奏音乐是一种脑力活动。正确答案为C。Q2. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. ” 意为：“研究发现，职业音乐家大脑某些区域的灰质比不演奏音乐的人更多。灰质对于控制思维、运动、和记忆十分重要。”因此正确答案为A。Q3. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains.” 意为：“研究表明，早早开始学习乐器的孩子，大脑左右半球之间会形成更强的联结。”因此正确答案为B，意为这些孩子大脑左右半球之间的联结会更佳，为同义表述。Q4. B.【解析】推断题。题目出处：“The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. … People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning.” 意为：“不同类型的音乐活动，带来的益处也会有所差异。一项针对老年人的研究发现，常演奏钢琴或铜管乐器的长者，其工作记忆能力往往更强……演奏木管乐器的人在涉及规划与问题解决的任务中表现更优，而歌手则在言语推理测试中更具优势。”由此可推断，不同类型的音乐活动可能带来不同的认知优势。因此正确答案为 B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older.” 意为：“总体而言，研究表明音乐能从多个方面为大脑带来益处。它可能有助于我们改善记忆力，锻炼思维能力，调节压力，并在年岁渐长时保持思维活跃。”该句概括了全文的核心观点，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 炎热天气让人变得迟钝

炎热天气让人变得迟钝Heat Might Cloud Your Brain常速 | 六级（易） | 526词 | 3min31s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is one way extreme heat can affect people, according to the passage?A. It can increase the speed at which people complete tasks.B. It can improve people’s ability to solve difficult problems.C. It can help people remember information more easily.D. It can make it harder to think and make good decisions.Q2. What did the Boston study find about students without air conditioning?A. They were more comfortable while studying.B. They performed less well on the tests.C. They were better at solving numerical problems.D. They completed both tests in less time.Q3. Why does the speaker mention the limitations of the Boston study?A. To show that its findings should be interpreted with some caution.B. To suggest that the researchers used the wrong testing methods.C. To explain why high temperatures affect only university students.D. To prove that air conditioning has little effect on learning.Q4. What did the large study in China suggest about long-term exposure to extreme heat?A. It has little effect unless people suffer heat stroke.B. It mainly affects people’s physical strength.C. It may be linked to a decline in cognitive ability.D. It can improve memory after repeated exposure.Q5. What does the speaker suggest people do when they have to make an important decision on a very hot day?A. Avoid asking others for advice about the decision.B. Make the decision quickly before becoming tired.C. Trust their first reaction rather than overthink it.D. Cool down first and consider the decision carefully.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Heat Waves Affect Your BrainHeat waves are becoming more common in many parts of the world. Most people know that extreme heat can cause health problems, such as heart and breathing difficulties. In serious cases, it can even lead to heat stroke or death. But there is another effect of extreme heat that we may not think about: it can affect the way our brains work.When the temperature gets too high, our bodies try to keep us cool. More blood and energy are sent to parts of the body that help control our temperature. As a result, the brain may receive less blood than usual. Scientists are still studying exactly how this process affects the brain. (Q1) However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.One interesting study was carried out during a heat wave in Boston in 2016. Researchers studied university students living in different buildings. Some students had air conditioning, while others did not. The students with air conditioning stayed in rooms with an average temperature of about 21°C. The rooms without air conditioning were much warmer, with an average temperature of about 26°C.For 12 days, the students completed two simple tests each day. One test involved adding and subtracting numbers. The other was a test of attention. (Q2) The results were clear: students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.(Q3) Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students. However, other studies have found similar results. When people are exposed to high temperatures, they often have more difficulty paying attention and remembering information. They may also be slower at solving problems and making decisions.There is also evidence that long-term exposure to extreme heat may affect our brains. In one large study, researchers followed more than 53,000 people in China for eight years. (Q4) They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability. The researchers estimated that if the number of extremely hot days increases in the future, average human cognitive ability could decline.The effects of heat are not the same for everyone. Older people, for example, may be more strongly affected. People with certain physical conditions may also face greater risks. In addition, even a short period of extreme heat may affect our thinking for some time afterward.So what should we do? The simplest advice is to avoid making important decisions when we are extremely hot. If possible, wait until you are in a cooler environment. (Q5-1) When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.We often use the expression “in the heat of the moment” to describe a decision made without enough thought. As heat waves become more common, the expression may have a more literal meaning than we realize. (Q5-2) When the weather is extremely hot, cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“However, research has already shown that high temperatures can make it harder for people to pay attention, remember information, solve problems, and make good decisions.” 意为：“研究已经表明，高温会使人们更难集中注意力、记忆信息、解决问题和做出正确决定。”因此正确答案为D。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“... students in the warmer rooms performed worse. They answered fewer questions correctly and took longer to complete the attention test.” 意为：“……处在较热房间里的学生表现更差，他们答对的问题更少，完成注意力测试所花的时间也更长。”因此正确答案为B。Q3. A.【解析】推断题。题目出处为：“Of course, one study cannot tell us everything. The number of students was relatively small, and they were all university students.” 意为：“当然，一项研究不能说明所有问题，因为参与者人数较少，而且都是大学生。”由此可以推断，研究样本有限，因此其结果需要谨慎理解，不能简单推广到所有人群。故正确答案为A。Q4. C.【解析】理解题。题目出处为：“They found that people who experienced more very hot days tended to perform worse on tests of memory and mathematical ability.” 意为：“研究发现，经历更多高温天气的人，在记忆和数学能力测试中的表现往往更差。”由此可知，长期暴露于极端高温可能与认知能力下降有关，因此正确答案为C。Q5. D.【解析】细节与推断题。题目出处为：“When a decision cannot be delayed, take your time, check your reasoning carefully, and ask someone else for advice.” 以及结尾处“… cooling your body may be a good way to help your brain work better, too.” 意为：“如果一项重要决定无法推迟，反而应当慢慢考虑，仔细检查自己的思路，并向他人寻求建议。”以及“给身体降降温，可能也有助于让大脑更好地运转。”因此可以概括为在高温环境下做重要决定前，应先给自己降降温并认真思考，故正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 我们为何需要8小时睡眠？

我们为何需要8小时睡眠？Why do we need eight hours of sleep?常速 | 四级（偏易） | 809词 | 3min37s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does Dr. Sanjay Gupta say about the commonly recommended eight hours of sleep?A. It is the minimum amount required for all adults.B. It is mainly suitable for teenagers and children.C. It represents an average rather than a fixed standard.D. It has recently been proven to be scientifically inaccurate.Q2. Which stage of sleep occupies the largest proportion of an adult’s sleep cycle?A. Stage one sleep.B. Stage two sleep.C. Stage three sleep.D. REM sleep.Q3. Why does Dr. Gupta consider sleep especially important for students?A. It improves physical strength and athletic performance.B. It reduces the amount of study time students need.C. It helps transfer daily experiences into long-term memory.D. It allows the brain to remain active throughout the night.Q4. What can be inferred about irregular sleeping habits?A. They mainly affect people who travel frequently.B. They may interfere with the body’s natural rhythm.C. They can quickly increase the total amount of sleep.D. They are less harmful than excessive screen use.Q5. What is the main purpose of the conversation?A. To compare the sleeping habits of adults and children.B. To warn people about the long-term dangers of technology addiction.C. To discuss the relationship between exercise and brain development.D. To explain the functions of sleep and ways to improve sleep quality.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we need eight hours of sleep?I got 5 hours of sleep last night. Last night, this is not normal. I got about 6 and 1/2 hours of sleep. Last night, I slept four hours. I got 5 hours 45 minutes of sleep. Last night, I got about 5 hours of sleep. Usually, I try to shoot for 7 to 8. It seems like most people are not getting 8 hours of sleep. We got a wide range of answers today. I am on a mission to find out if that’s really what we need to do. And I’m bringing in a special guest, Dr. Sanjay Gupta.How are you? You missed this discussion. Oh man, you are the man I need to speak to. So why eight hours? Is this the optimal amount?optimal adj. 最佳的，最适宜的(Q1) So you know, like most things in life, it’s an average. The average is a range between 6 and 10 hours for most adults. The thing is, for kids, it’s actually even more than that—9 to 12 hours for elementary school kids and teenagers, back to sort of 8 to 10 hours.(Q5-1) Take us inside of our brains. What happens while we sleep?Sleep is actually a really fascinating time for the brain. It’s kind of interesting because people think it’s just at rest. It’s actually really active. And there are several stages of sleep. (Q2) Stage one, you spend about 5% of your time in stage one. That’s the lightest sleep, just sort of drifting off to sleep. Then stage two, a little bit deeper. About 45% of your sleep is stage two. Then there’s stage three, which is the most restful, about 25%. And then there’s this really interesting stage. It’s called REM—rapid eye movements. Literally, your eyes are moving behind your eyelids, and that’s when you’re dreamy. Yeah. And you cycle over and over again through these stages of sleep. About 90 minutes or so for all the stages.The other thing your brain is doing is clearing out waste from all the work that it’s done during the day. (Q3) And I think most importantly for students, that’s the time you take memories and experiences from your day and you put them in the long-term memory stores so you can remember these months, years down the road.So how do I know if I’ve gotten enough sleep for me, for my body?So, most people generally know because you are probably a little bit grumpier than you normally are. You’re always cheery though, aren’t you? I’ve never seen you grumpy. You know, you feel tired. I think one of the biggest tests—someone told me this years ago—is if you put yourself in a darkened room in a comfortable chair and right away you fall asleep within a couple of minutes; that’s a pretty sure sign that you’re sleep-deprived.grumpy adj. 脾气坏的，易怒的(Q5-2) So, give your boy some tips and all of us on getting great sleep.So, you’re an athlete, probably working out too close to when you go to bed; it’s probably going to keep you up. You’re sort of stimulating the body. Caffeine stimulates the body. So, in the morning, good idea. But later on in the afternoon, that’s probably going to keep you up. Screens, the blue light alone is something that’s going to keep you up. It just kind of wakes your brain up. Kind of wakes your brain up. Yeah. It’s like, hey, time to wake up. Time to actually do something.caffeine n. 咖啡因I think the biggest thing is the idea of sleeping around the same time and waking up at the same time every day. It’s like you’re confusing your brain. (Q4) If you go to bed 2 hours early or 2 hours later, your brain’s like, “Wait a second. Is it time to sleep or is it not time to sleep? I’m not sure.” If you get into a consistent pattern of whatever time, so let’s say 11 to 7, uh, every day, you’re likely to get good sleep. Your brain’s not confused, and you can stick with that pattern.Is that connected to that circadian rhythm we always have?circadian adj. 生理节律的And your circadian rhythm can get sort of messed up very quickly. You see that when you travel to LA or, you know, any kind of jet lag? You can essentially put yourself into jet lag right at home by confusing your brain like that all the time if you do nothing else. Well, get rid of the screens for sure, but after that, go to bed at the same time, wake up at the same time.You know my tip for great sleep? Hang out with people who just put you at ease. And for me, you’re one of those people. You’re the best sleep. You’re the best.I’m not sure. It’s good that I put you to sleep.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“So you know, like most things in life, it’s an average. The average is a range between 6 and 10 hours for most adults.” 意为：“就像生活中的很多事情一样，八小时只是一个平均值。对于大多数成年人来说，平均睡眠时间范围是6到10小时。”该句表明“八小时睡眠”并非绝对标准，而是一个平均参考值，因此正确答案为C。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Then stage two, a little bit deeper. About 45% of your sleep is stage two.” 意为：“第二阶段睡眠更深一些，大约占全部睡眠时间的45%。”结合前文“Stage one, you spend about 5% of your time in stage one”以及后文“Then there’s stage three, which is the most restful, about 25%”可知，第二阶段占比最高，因此正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“And I think most importantly for students, that’s the time you take memories and experiences from your day, and you put them in the long-term memory stores so you can remember these months, years down the road.” 意为：“我认为，对学生来说最重要的是，睡眠期间你的大脑会把白天的记忆和经历储存到长期记忆中，以便未来数月甚至数年后仍能记住。”该句直接说明了睡眠对学生的重要意义，因此正确答案为C。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“If you go to bed 2 hours early or 2 hours later and your brain’s like, ‘Wait a second. Is it time to sleep or is it not time to sleep? I’m not sure.’” 意为：“如果你提前两小时或推迟两小时睡觉，你的大脑就会想：‘等等，现在是该睡觉的时候，还是不该睡？我也不确定’。”由此可以推断，不规律的睡眠习惯会扰乱人体自然生物节律，因此正确答案为B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Take us inside of our brains. What happens while we sleep?”以及“… give your boy some tips and all of us on getting great sleep.” 主持人请Gupta博士解释睡眠期间大脑的活动并提供改善睡眠的建议，随后他们对睡眠阶段、大脑功能、记忆形成以及健康睡眠习惯进行了详细讨论，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 演奏音乐有益大脑吗？

演奏音乐有益大脑吗？Is playing music good for the brain?常速 | 四级 | 605词 | 4min20s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why is making music considered a mental workout?A. It strengthens emotional control.B. It improves social communication skills.C. It requires the brain to coordinate several abilities. D. It mainly trains long-term memory.Q2. What benefit did studies find among professional musicians?A. They have more grey matter in some brain regions. B. They seldom have memory problems as they age. C. They can compose music much faster than others. D. They have larger brains overall.Q3. What is one possible advantage for children who begin instrument lessons young? A. They are more likely to speak a second language without an accent. B. The communication between their brain’s two hemispheres can be better. C. They will get higher scores in all school subjects. D. They can remember new words much faster than peers.Q4. What can we infer about music activities and cognitive abilities? A. Brass players usually outperform piano players in problem-solving tasks. B. Different kinds of music activities may lead to different cognitive strengths. C. Singers are generally weaker at planning tasks than woodwind players. D. Learning more instruments will bring greater improvements to memory.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Musical ability depends largely on genetics.B. Listening to music is better than playing instruments.C. Only professional musicians gain cognitive advantages.D. Music practice may benefit the brain in many ways.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs Playing Music Good for Your Brain?Can playing music make your brain work better? Research suggests that it can, and you don’t have to be a professional musician to enjoy the benefits.(Q1) Playing a musical instrument is like a workout for the brain. When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, and keep your attention on what you are doing. You may also need to remember a piece of music and express your feelings through it. All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.(Q2) Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. Other research suggests that musicians may also have better memory and be better at planning and solving problems. However, scientists are still studying these effects, so more research is needed to understand them fully.gray matter （脑的）灰质，中枢神经系统的重要组成部分Music may be especially helpful for children. (Q3) Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains. Learning music may also help children learn a second language and improve their ability to understand information without using words. These skills can be useful both in school and in everyday life.But what about people who start learning music when they are older? The good news is that it may still be beneficial. As people age, their memory and thinking skills can become weaker. However, some studies have found that older adults who continue to learn and practice an instrument may experience less decline in certain mental abilities. Other research has linked regular music practice with a lower risk of developing dementia, a condition that affects memory and thinking. Scientists do not yet know whether playing music directly protects the brain or whether people with better brain health are simply more likely to continue playing.(Q4) The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. Working memory helps us keep information in mind while using it. People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning. However, playing several instruments did not necessarily bring extra benefits.Music can also improve how we feel. When we play an instrument, the brain’s reward system becomes active, helping us feel pleasure. The body may also release chemicals called endorphins, which can help reduce pain and make us feel good. In addition, playing music with other people, such as in a band or choir, can reduce stress and help people build friendships.endorphin n. 内啡肽（一种体内生成的化学物质，能止痛并让人产生快感）What if you cannot play an instrument? Simply listening to music may also be good for your brain. A recent study found that older adults who regularly listened to music had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those who did not listen regularly. Cognitive decline means a gradual loss of memory and other thinking abilities. However, this study could not prove that listening to music was the reason for the difference.(Q5) Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older. You do not need to become a musical genius to enjoy these benefits. The key is to make music a regular part of your life, whether you play an instrument, sing, or simply listen.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When you play music, your brain has to do several things at the same time. You need to listen carefully, read notes, control your fingers, ... All these activities give your brain a lot of practice.” 意为：“演奏音乐时，大脑必须同时进行多项活动，需要我们认真听，看谱，控制手指……所有这些活动会使我们的大脑得到大量训练。”因此，演奏音乐是一种脑力活动。正确答案为C。Q2. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Studies have found that professional musicians have more grey matter in certain parts of the brain than people who do not play music. Grey matter is important for thinking, movement, and memory. ” 意为：“研究发现，职业音乐家大脑某些区域的灰质比不演奏音乐的人更多。灰质对于控制思维、运动、和记忆十分重要。”因此正确答案为A。Q3. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Studies suggest that children who start learning an instrument at an early age may develop stronger connections between the two sides of their brains.” 意为：“研究表明，早早开始学习乐器的孩子，大脑左右半球之间会形成更强的联结。”因此正确答案为B，意为这些孩子大脑左右半球之间的联结会更佳，为同义表述。Q4. B.【解析】推断题。题目出处：“The type of music activity may also make a difference. One study of older adults found that people who played the piano or brass instruments tended to have better working memory. … People who played woodwind instruments performed better on some tasks involving planning and problem-solving, while singers did better on tests of verbal reasoning.” 意为：“不同类型的音乐活动，带来的益处也会有所差异。一项针对老年人的研究发现，常演奏钢琴或铜管乐器的长者，其工作记忆能力往往更强……演奏木管乐器的人在涉及规划与问题解决的任务中表现更优，而歌手则在言语推理测试中更具优势。”由此可推断，不同类型的音乐活动可能带来不同的认知优势。因此正确答案为 B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“Overall, research suggests that music can benefit the brain in several ways. It may help us improve our memory, develop thinking skills, manage stress, and stay mentally active as we grow older.” 意为：“总体而言，研究表明音乐能从多个方面为大脑带来益处。它可能有助于我们改善记忆力，锻炼思维能力，调节压力，并在年岁渐长时保持思维活跃。”该句概括了全文的核心观点，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 香烟如何影响身体？

香烟如何影响身体？How do cigarettes affect the body?常速 | 七级（偏易）| 699词 | 4min49s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What substance in cigarettes is responsible for making smoking highly addictive? A. Tar. B. Carbon monoxide. C. Nicotine. D. Arsenic. Q2. What is one of the immediate physical benefits of quitting smoking? A. Improved eyesight and bone strength. B. Stabilization of carbon monoxide levels. C. Restoration of DNA repair processes. D. Reduced risk of erectile dysfunction. Q3. What happens to the cilia in the lungs after quitting smoking for 9 months? A. They are permanently damaged. B. They start producing harmful chemicals. C. They become less effective in cleaning airways. D. They are restored and improve resistance to infection. Q4. What can be inferred about the long-term effects of quitting smoking? A. Quitting smoking has no impact on coronary heart disease. B. The body gradually regains its ability to repair DNA. C. Lung cancer risk remains unchanged after quitting smoking. D. The benefits of quitting smoking are limited to younger smokers. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the dangers of smoking and benefits of quitting. B. To explain the chemical composition of cigarettes. C. To discuss the psychological challenges of quitting smoking. D. To analyze the global impact of smoking-related diseases. Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow do cigarettes affect the body?Cigarettes aren’t good for us. That’s hardly news — we’ve known about the dangers of smoking for decades. But how exactly do cigarettes harm us? Let’s look at what happens as their ingredients make their way through our bodies, and how we benefit physically when we finally give up smoking.With each inhalation, smoke brings its more than 5,000 chemical substances into contact with the body’s tissues. From the start, tar, a black, resinous material, begins to coat the teeth and gums, damaging tooth enamel, and eventually causing decay. Over time, smoke also damages nerve-endings in the nose, causing loss of smell.Inside the airways and lungs, smoke increases the likelihood of infections, as well as chronic diseases like bronchitis and emphysema. It does this by damaging the cilia, tiny hairlike structures whose job it is to keep the airways clean. It then fills the alveoli, tiny air sacs that enable the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood. A toxic gas called carbon monoxide crosses that membrane into the blood, binding to hemoglobin and displacing the oxygen it would usually have transported around the body. That’s one of the reasons smoking can lead to oxygen deprivation and shortness of breath.bronchitis n. 支气管炎 emphysema n. 肺气肿 alveoli n. 肺泡 sac n. 囊，气囊 membrane n. 膜 hemoglobin n. 血红蛋白 (Q1) Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters including endorphins that create the pleasurable sensations which make smoking highly addictive. Nicotine and other chemicals from the cigarette simultaneously cause constriction of blood vessels and damage their delicate endothelial lining, restricting blood flow. These vascular effects lead to thickening of blood vessel walls and enhance blood platelet stickiness, increasing the likelihood that clots will form and trigger heart attacks and strokes.dopamine n. 多巴胺 neurotransmitter n. 神经递质 endorphin n. 内啡肽 endothelial adj. 内皮的 lining n. 内衬，内膜 Many of the chemicals inside cigarettes can trigger dangerous mutations in the body’s DNA that make cancers form. Additionally, ingredients like arsenic and nickel may disrupt the process of DNA repair, thus compromising the body’s ability to fight many cancers. In fact, about one of every three cancer deaths in the United States is caused by smoking.And it’s not just lung cancer. Smoking can cause cancer in multiple tissues and organs, as well as damaged eyesight and weakened bones. It makes it harder for women to get pregnant. And in men, it can cause erectile dysfunction.dysfunction n. 功能障碍 But for those who quit smoking, there’s a huge positive upside with almost immediate and long-lasting physical benefits.Just 20 minutes after a smoker’s final cigarette, their heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal. (Q2) After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize, increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. A day after ceasing, heart attack risk begins to decrease as blood pressure and heart rates normalize. After two days, the nerve endings responsible for smell and taste start to recover.Lungs become healthier after about one month, with less coughing and shortness of breath. (Q3) The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection.cilia n. 纤毛 By the one-year anniversary of quitting, heart disease risk plummets to half as blood vessel function improves. Five years in, the chance of a clot forming dramatically declines, and the risk of stroke continues to reduce. (Q4) After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored. Fifteen years in, the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease is essentially the same as that of a non-smoker.plummet v. 暴跌，骤降 coronary adj. 冠状的，冠状动脉的 There’s no point pretending this is all easy to achieve. Quitting can lead to anxiety and depression, resulting from nicotine withdrawal. But fortunately, such effects are usually temporary. And quitting is getting easier, thanks to a growing arsenal of tools. Nicotine replacement therapy through gum, skin patches, lozenges, and sprays may help wean smokers off cigarettes. They work by stimulating nicotine receptors in the brain and thus preventing withdrawal symptoms, without the addition of other harmful chemicals. Counselling and support groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, and moderate intensity exercise also help smokers stay cigarette-free.lozenge n. 含片，润喉片 wean v. 使断奶，使戒掉 That’s good news, since quitting puts you and your body on the path back to health.Part III. KEYQ1. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Within about 10 seconds, the bloodstream carries a stimulant called nicotine to the brain, triggering the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters.”，可知血液将一种叫尼古丁的刺激物输送到大脑，触发多巴胺和其他神经递质的释放，使人吸烟成瘾。正确答案为C。 Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“After 12 hours, carbon monoxide levels stabilize, increasing the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity.”，可知在戒烟后12小时，血液中的一氧化碳水平稳定下来，增加了血液携带氧气的能力，是戒烟后即时身体益处。正确答案为B。 Q3. D.【解析】细节题。根据“The delicate hair-like cilia in the airways and lungs start recovering within weeks, and are restored after 9 months, improving resistance to infection.”，可知呼吸道和肺部的纤毛在几周内开始恢复，并在9个月后恢复，提高了对感染的抵抗力。正确答案为D。 Q4. B.【解析】推理题。根据“After ten years, the chances of developing fatal lung cancer go down by 50%, probably because the body’s ability to repair DNA is once again restored.”，可知在戒烟十年后，患致命肺癌的几率下降了50%，可能是因为身体修复DNA的能力再次恢复。从中可以推断，戒烟后身体会逐渐恢复修复DNA的能力。正确答案为B。 Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。文章主要讨论了吸烟对身体的危害以及戒烟带来的健康益处处。正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 烟草陷阱

The tobacco trap烟草陷阱常速 | 五级（偏难）| 885词 | 5min23s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To highlight the tactics of the tobacco industry. B. To discuss the benefits of quitting tobacco use. C. To explain the history of tobacco advertising. D. To promote the use of e-cigarettes as alternatives. Q2. How many people do the tobacco industry’s products kill globally every year according to Simone St. Claire? A. Around six million people. B. Around eight million people. C. Around ten million people. D. Around four million people. Q3. What can be inferred about the tobacco industry’s use of flavours? A. Flavours are added to make tobacco safer. B. Flavours are designed to make tobacco less appealing. C. Flavours are intentionally used to attract young users. D. Flavours are chosen randomly without specific design. Q4. What does the word “sophistication” most likely mean in the context of slim cigarettes? A. Complexity. B. Elegance. C. Danger. D. Simplicity. Q5. Which of the following is NOT a tactic used by the tobacco industry as mentioned in the text? A. Using social media influencers. B. Placing products near candy in stores. C. Designing products to look like gadgets. D. Reducing the harmful effects of tobacco. Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe tobacco trapVGS: There is an industry that spends over a million dollars an hour on advertising. And they’re constantly looking for younger and newer consumers. Do you know why? Because they know that their product kills up to half of its users. (Q1) We are talking about the tobacco industry today and our expert is Simone St. Claire. Welcome, Simone. So we know that there are no safe tobacco products, right, whether it’s shisha, chewing tobacco, rolled cigarettes. So how is it that the tobacco industry is succeeding in selling us death and destruction continuously?SSC: Great question. (Q2) The tobacco industry is well aware that their products kill around eight million people globally every year. To sustain their business, they must continuously recruit new users to replace those who die from using their products. And because their products are so harmful, they must do everything they can to make them attractive, especially to young people. One of their biggest tactics is flavours. If you think about it, tobacco on its own is harsh and unappealing. But when you add mint, mango, bubblegum or vanilla, they seem less dangerous. (Q3) Flavours are meant to hook you and then keep you addicted. This is not by accident, this is by design. Research shows that flavours are one of the main reasons that children and young people start using nicotine and tobacco products and once they start, they become addicted quickly.mint n. 薄荷 vanilla n. 香草 VGS: So just like flavours, there is research that shows packaging can attract consumers to products, right? How does the tobacco and nicotine industry use packaging to attract younger and younger people and women, especially?SSC: Tobacco companies use minimalist designs and bright colours to make their products look premium or even clean. But as you mentioned, there is no such thing as a safe tobacco product. Let’s take slim cigarettes, for example. (Q4) These are cigarettes that are designed with narrower dimensions and traditionally marketed to women. They’re often associated with sophistication and elegance and are wrongly perceived to be less dangerous. But in reality, they pose comparable risks to regular cigarettes. Then if we look at the more recent nicotine products, sleek, colourful and high-tech. To be clear, when we’re talking about nicotine products, the most common is e-cigarettes, also known as vapes. (Q5-3) E-cigarettes are designed to look like USB sticks, lipsticks and stylish gadgets, which are easy to disguise and conceal from parents and teachers, which is particularly concerning when it comes to children and young people.premium adj. 高端的，优质的 sophistication n. 精致sleek adj. 光滑的，时尚的 VGS: So we know that most people who consume tobacco products know that it is harming their body but let’s go over it again. How exactly does tobacco impact our body?SSC: Tobacco use harms nearly every organ of the body. It causes heart disease, respiratory conditions, and over 20 types of cancer, including lung cancer. Tobacco is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and premature death. But the good news is that the benefits of quitting can be felt almost immediately. Within 20 minutes, blood pressure and heart rate drop. Within two to 12 weeks, lung function and circulation improves. Within a year, the risk of heart disease is cut in half and over time, the risk of tobacco-related diseases decreases dramatically.respiratory adj. 呼吸的 VGS: Another interesting fact here is the plain packaging or graphic warnings that you often see on cigarette boxes, that’s actually a result of the work that WHO and partners have done to bring in those policies to inform consumers about the dangers of tobacco. So let’s talk about another tactic and that’s advertising. You see tobacco advertising in music concerts, in sports events. Talk to us about that.SSC: Exactly, the marketing budget of big tobacco is larger than the GDP of some countries. They spend tens of billions of dollars every year to hide the truth that tobacco kills. (Q5-1) They use social media influencers, music festivals and giveaways to promote their harmful and addictive products. They use cartoon-like branding and sleek advertising to attract young users and (Q5-2) you’ll notice in some stores, they place nicotine and tobacco products near candy, which leads children to believe that they are innocent or even exciting.VGS: Simone, how can public health agencies, like WHO, stand up to the tobacco industry, which seems to have massive resources, right?SSC: Science, evidence and awareness is key. The more people know about these tricks, the less effective they become. We need to ensure that people are aware of just how harmful tobacco products are and how they destroy families and lives. WHO and countries are working together to put in place public health policies, things like smoke-free public places, bans on advertising, making products less affordable by introducing taxes and putting graphic images and health warnings on product packaging. And latest data shows that more than five billion people around the world are protected by at least one of these measures. This is a result of strong and decisive regulatory action. As a consumer, don’t be fooled. If nicotine or tobacco products look fun, tasty or trendy, they’re designed that way to hook you. So spread the word and support policies that protect public health.decisive adj. 决定性的，果断的 VGS: Thank you, Simone. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】主旨题。根据“Today we are talking about the tobacco industry...”以及文章中多次提到烟草行业的策略和手段，可知此文主要讨论了烟草行业如何通过各种方式吸引用户并维持其业务。因此正确答案为A。 Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The tobacco industry is well aware that their products kill around eight million people globally every year.”，可知全球每年约 800 万人因烟草制品死亡。因此正确答案为B。 Q3. C.【解析】推理题。根据“Flavours are meant to hook you and then keep you addicted. This is not by accident, this is by design.”，可知添加口味是有意设计的，目的是使人让人上瘾并保持依赖。由此可以推断，烟草行业故意使用口味来吸引年轻用户，因此正确答案为C。 Q4. B.【解析】词汇题。根据“These are cigarettes that are designed with narrower dimensions and traditionally marketed to women. They’re often associated with sophistication and elegance and are wrongly perceived to be less dangerous.”，可知这些香烟设计得更细，传统上销售给女性。它们通常与优雅联系在一起，在这一语境中，sophistication与优雅相关，指指精致、高雅。因此正确答案为B。 Q5. D.【解析】细节题。根据“They use social media influencers, music festivals and giveaways to promote their harmful and addictive products.” 和“You’ll notice in some stores, they place nicotine and tobacco products near candy, which leads children to believe that they are innocent or even exciting.” 以及“E-cigarettes are designed to look like USB sticks, lipsticks and stylish gadgets, which are easy to disguise and conceal from parents and teachers.” 这些句子分别说明了A、B和C选项的内容，而文中未提到烟草行业通过减少烟草的有害影响作为策略，因此正确答案为D。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然授课

授课点评：胡笑然老师以充分的课前准备、认真的育人态度、专业的学科素养、科学的教学方法，在限定的20分钟时间内出色地完成了所指定的授课任务，为全国高校英语专业师生呈现了一堂值得学习和反思的短课。在整个授课过程中，胡老师精神饱满，着装端庄，形象甜美，教态自然，认真专注，热情友好，充满活力，展现了良好的个人魅力，体现了青年教师的时代风貌。胡老师具有扎实的英语基本功、娴熟的课堂掌控能力和应变能力、流畅的语言表达能力；综述简洁明了，呈现单元设计、教学目标、相关活动和拟用时间；授课有明确的目标，以学生为中心，围绕单元主题和语篇意义，突出重点，聚焦难点，讲解和引导规范适切。胡老师有自己的教学理念，能运用一定的教学理论，遵循“题材—功能—活动”的教学原则，重视语言感知和信息获取，围绕单元主题展开教学，各教学步骤衔接自然。能注重培养学生的观察力、想象力和分析能力，积极帮助学生通过语篇学习，了解重要概念以及语篇作者的观念和意图，努力激发学生对语篇主题的学习兴趣，师生之间有积极的互动和良好的交流。能充分利用和发挥电子课件的辅助教学功能， PPT和嵌入视频有良好的功能性和实用性，形式与内容相吻合，体现了课件形式与课文内容、教学手段与教学目的有机关联和主从关系，发挥了现代化教学资源及手段的教学辅助作用，增强了学生对单元主题和语言表述的理解。从整体上看，胡老师的授课比较成功。授课目的明确，授课重点突出，内容讲解清晰，活动安排合理，起承转合自然，师生互动自然，课件使用得当，教学效果较好。当然，她所展示的这堂英语短课仍存在以下待改进之处：授课停留在主题词语的概念解读层面，对主题意义的挖掘不够深入；教师个人主导成分太强，讲解和提问过多，学生活动不足，活动形式比较单一；时间把握不够合理，没有时间结尾，匆忙收课，无法安排课后作业和课外活动；授课时间用于教学，缺乏对教学成效的必要评价活动，难以确定单元教学目标的达成。建议胡老师在今后的教学研究和实践中，更加重视单元设计的完整性和课堂教学的有效性，关注输入与输出、课内与课外、语篇意义与语言形式的协调，注重教学手段、过程、效果的统一，促进学生在语言知识、语用技能、心智、情感、态度等方面的综合发展和提高。点评专家：梅德明

新农科英语系列：新农科学术英语 综合教程 上册 Unit 6 Video

新文科英语系列：音乐英语教程 第2册 Unit 4 PPT课件