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大学英语专业四级水平测试试卷-01
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分数:140分
用时:128分钟(建议)
描述:大学英语专业四级水平测试
预览试卷结构
预览试卷内容
Part I DICTATION
共 15分 / 15分钟
Section A
DICTATION
1 小题
15分
Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
共 29分 / 18分钟
Section A
CONVERSATIONS
11 小题
11分
Section B
PASSAGES
10 小题
10分
Section C
NEWS BROADCAST
8 小题
8分
Part III CLOZE
共 20分 / 10分钟
Section A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
20 小题
20分
Part IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
共 30分 / 15分钟
Section A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
30 小题
30分
Part V READING COMPREHENSION
共 21分 / 25分钟
Section A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
21 小题
21分
Part VI WRITING
共 25分 / 45分钟
Section A
COMPOSITION
1 小题
15分
Section B
NOTE-WRITING
1 小题
10分
Part I
Part II
Part III
Part IV
Part V
Part VI
Part I DICTATION
15分 / 15分钟
Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSION
29分 / 18分钟
Part III CLOZE
20分 / 10分钟
Part IV GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
30分 / 15分钟
Part V READING COMPREHENSION
21分 / 25分钟
Part VI WRITING
25分 / 45分钟
Section A
Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET.Now listen to the passage.
Section A
In this section, you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
2.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned among the selection of the shop?
A) Walkman.
B) Accessories.
C) CD cases.
D) Puppets.
3.
How old is the customer’s daughter now?
A) 10.
B) 11.
C) 12.
D) 13.
4.
The customer begins to show interest in the cell phone when he learnt that ______.
A) it is a limited edition
B) it has a Mickey Mouse design on it
C) it has many functions
D) it is most affordable
5.
When the shop assistant said "time is changing", she means ________.
A) prices in general are going higher
B) cell phones are very welcome now
C) cell phones are more expensive now
D) people are willing to buy gifts now
6.
What is the man's problem in writing the paper?
A) He doesn't know which topic to write on.
B) He can't find any relevant materials.
C) He hasn't enough time to write.
D) He can't decide on a specific topic.
7.
The next thing the man will probably do is to ______.
A) surf the Internet for more information
B) look through magazines and newspapers
C) find more related books
D) ask for help from the woman
8.
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A) In a classroom.
B) In a cyber bar.
C) In a library.
D) In a bookshop.
9.
What is the topic of the conversation?
A) Features of language.
B) Vowels and consonants.
C) Mechanism of human brain.
D) Stages of child language acquisition.
10.
Why are the consonants “k” and “g” mentioned?
A) They are used to explain language features.
B) They are important in acquiring consonants.
C) They belong to the first sounds that babies utter.
D) They are used to explain the mechanism of brain.
11.
When do babies begin to associate the sound of pig to four-legged animals?
A) 1 year old.
B) 8 months old.
C) 6 months-1 year old.
D) 3 months-5 months old.
12.
According to the conversation, what do linguists still not know?
A) Language learning theories.
B) The mechanism of human brain.
C) The mechanism of language acquisition.
D) The stages of foreign language acquisition.
Section B
In this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
13.
The small talk is delivered on ______.
A) Monday
B) Tuesday
C) Wednesday
D) Thursday
14.
What will the program be about?
A) Freud's pioneering in psychobiology.
B) Freud's investigation into external conflict of human beings.
C) Freud's controversial characters.
D) Freud's theory about psyche.
15.
The teacher gives high praise for the program because of the following reasons EXCEPT _____.
A) the program is made by a great psychoanalyst
B) the program is made vivid and impressive by computer technology
C) the program talks about Freud in an unprejudiced way
D) the content of the program is closely related to the class
16.
What is the main idea of the talk?
A) An introduction to a course.
B) An introduction to psychoanalyst Freud.
C) An introduction to a TV program.
D) A comment on a TV program.
17.
According to the passage, it is the telephone that ______.
A) has made letter writing an art
B) has prevented wars by avoiding written communication
C) has made the world different from what it was
D) has caused wars by magnifying and extending human conflicts
18.
The telephone could intensify irrational conflicts among people because ______.
A) it increases the danger of war
B) it provides services to both the good and the malicious
C) it makes distant communication easier
D) it breaks up the multi-generational household
19.
The writer's attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.
A) affectionate
B) disapproving
C) approving
D) neutral
20.
According to the passage, _______.
A) as long as we follow these tips, we can lift our mood
B) there are a few people in the world who are free from worries
C) people tend to lock themselves at home, thinking about bad stuff when they feel depressed
D) joining some organization will help people think positively
21.
What does the sentence "you should also try doing something only for yourself" mean?
A) We should be selfish.
B) You should try to be good to yourself.
C) Laughter is a good means of killing bad mood.
D) We can lift our moods by socializing with people.
22.
Why do people have bad moods and mental attitudes according to the passage?
A) People are so much stuck in the past and cannot move on.
B) People are under great pressure of fierce competition.
C) People cannot make their mind, soul, body and life united as a whole.
D) People are likely to look beyond the bad side of matters.
Section C
In this section you will hear several news items. Listen to the news items carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
23.
Which of the following is correct about the number of students studying outside their native country?
A) It rose by 8 percent in 2008.
B) It has increased four-fold in the past 20 years.
C) It has a 60 percent increase since 2000.
D) It jumped by 21 percent in 2008.
24.
By 2025, the number of students being educated outside their home countries is expected to top _______.
A) 17 billion
B) 3 million
C) 8 million
D) 17 million
25.
We learn from the news item that _______.
A) the number of international university students is on the rise
B) most international students support themselves only with family funds
C) most international students are from China
D) most international students are doing coursework in the U.S.
26.
The list released by the Associate Press is decided by ________.
A) editors and news directors from around the world
B) readers of newspapers and magazines the world over
C) American editors and news directors
D) major international news agencies
27.
The top story this year is the huge oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which occurred in _______.
A) April
B) July
C) August
D) November
28.
According to the news item, ___________ Americans have no access to health care insurance now.
A) close to five million
B) twenty million
C) thirty-two million
D) eleven million
29.
What is the fatal percentage for those who have been infected the bird flu?
A) About 15%.
B) About 50%.
C) About 30%.
D) About 80%.
30.
Which one is among the countries where bird flu has been presently found?
A) Indonesia.
B) Laos.
C) India.
D) China.
Section A
Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.
Instant Coffee
The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly (*31*) in the market places (*32*) their product's obvious advantages. Furthermore, the advertising (*33*)for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the (*34*) of the consumers' seemingly (*35*) resistance (*36*) the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producer suspected that there might be (*37*) reasons, however. This was (*38*) by one of motivation research's classic studies, one often (*39*) in the trade.
Mason Haire, of the University of California, (*40*) two shopping lists that were (*41*) except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or amounts (*42*) . The seventh item, in fifth place (*43*) both lists, read, "one pound Maxwell House coffee" on one list and "Nescafe instant coffee" on (*44*) . One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in the other group of the same (*45*) . The women were asked to (*46*) their list and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman ("personality and character") who would draw (*47*) that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other (*48*) , only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group (*49*) that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife. No one in the other group drew such a (*50*) about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.
31.
A) resisted
B) refused
C) declined
D) rejected
32.
A) inspite
B) despite
C) though
D) with
33.
A) charge
B) price
C) cost
D) expenditure
34.
A) motivation
B) explanation
C) reason
D) cause
35.
A) unreasonable
B) senseless
C) illogical
D) thoughtless
36.
A) against
B) to
C) at
D) for
37.
A) greater
B) heavier
C) deeper
D) intenser
38.
A) attested
B) confirmed
C) ensured
D) assured
39.
A) used
B) referred
C) cited
D) made
40.
A) built
B) produced
C) constructed
D) assembled
41.
A) identical
B) same
C) similar
D) equivalent
42.
A) defined
B) specified
C) explained
D) detailed
43.
A) in
B) on
C) by
D) with
44.
A) other
B) the other
C) another
D) others
45.
A) measure
B) largeness
C) amount
D) size
46.
A) weigh
B) evaluate
C) read
D) study
47.
A) at
B) on
C) up
D) out
48.
A) side
B) hand
C) respect
D) aspect
49.
A) proposed
B) hinted
C) implied
D) suggested
50.
A) result
B) summary
C) conclusion
D) outcome
Section A
There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
51.
______ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.
A) What
B) That
C) It
D) As
52.
Try to persuade him to see his doctor and ______ him that you still love him.
A) reassure
B) insure
C) assure
D) ensure
53.
It is factual that writing fiction is just like cooking a dish _______ you need the precise amount of ingredients or else it would become terrible.
A) when
B) which
C) where
D) whereas
54.
These are the actors ____ to involve the audience to participate in the play.
A) whom it was the function
B) of whom the function was
C) whose function was
D) whose were the function
55.
Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.
A) contaminate
B) compliment
C) contemplate
D) complement
56.
Fortunately, he survived but spent 16 days in the __________ care unit and a month in hospital.
A) intense
B) intensive
C) tense
D) extensive
57.
The beautiful _______ not inherent in the object but in the eye of the beholder.
A) are
B) were
C) is
D) was
58.
All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ____ quite such a crowd of people.
A) hadn't been
B) weren't
C) hasn't been
D) wouldn't be
59.
You’d better add them up because he is not good at ______.
A) figures
B) characters
C) summaries
D) counters
60.
The boy cycling in the street was knocked down by a minibus and received _________injuries.
A) fatal
B) excessive
C) disastrous
D) exaggerated
61.
The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
A) compelled
B) posed
C) pressed
D) tempted
62.
You should take steps to make sure that whatever it was _______ you were doing wrong doesn’t happen again.
A) that
B) when
C) where
D) why
63.
After losing 10 games in a row, the basketball team ______ and threw in the towel.
A) gave up
B) won
C) tried again
D) reached a draw
64.
My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _______ at a garage sale.
A) trifled with
B) scraped through
C) stumbled upon
D) thirsted for
65.
His suggestion is rational _______ the whole.
A) in
B) on
C) from
D) as
66.
The horse will be a first rate sprinter if its trainer breaks it _______ properly.
A) up
B) down
C) through
D) in
67.
They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected.
A) which
B) it
C) that
D) what
68.
______ to speak when the policeman interrupted him.
A) Hardly had he begun
B) No sooner had he begun
C) Not until he began
D) Scarcely did he begin
69.
"100
yuan
for this mirror! I _________ it would cost so much," said the woman in surprise.
A) know
B) had known
C) don't know
D) didn't know
70.
I'm no expert, but I'm ______ a musician and I'll try to lend a hand.
A) something of
B) nothing of
C) little of
D) not much of
71.
I’d never said anything like that before, but _______ it came out of my mouth I knew that it was absolutely true.
A) instantly
B) the instant
C) upon
D) while
72.
Mike says that his research findings make him very ____ about future though he sees himself a realist.
A) optimistic
B) objective
C) precautious
D) sympathetic
73.
They stood gazing at the happy _________ of children playing in the park.
A) perspective
B) view
C) landscape
D) scene
74.
The fact that defeats and victories will generally have a narrow margin helps students keep that competitive _______.
A) behavior
B) edge
C) offering
D) risk
75.
What is the correct translation of the following sentence? <br/> She is vain of her voice, but she laid a few eggs at this year's carnival at Brazil.
A) 她自感嗓音不好,可是在今年巴西嘉年华演出中却赢得了喝彩。
B) 她对自己的嗓音没有把握,可是在今年的巴西嘉年华演出中,她却连获大奖。
C) 她自以为嗓音很动听,可是在今年的巴西嘉年华演出中却非常失败。
D) 她对自己的嗓音很自负,可是在今年的巴西嘉年华演出中却成绩平平。
76.
____ he does his work well, I never mind when he starts it.
A) So far as
B) So long as
C) In case
D) Meanwhile
77.
I hope to share my experiences and thoughts on _______ little I know about the island.
A) what
B) which
C) whatever
D) whichever
78.
People have _______ him a “prophet” , a “cultural icon” and a “conquering hero” .
A) announced
B) claimed
C) professed
D) proclaimed
79.
They planned for _______ another board meeting.
A) there being
B) there to being
C) there be
D) there to be
80.
If we don't ________ the artistic skills of young children they will be far less creative as adults.
A) nurture
B) nature
C) provide
D) prevent
Section A
In this section there are several passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
Text A
The GDP report for the second quarter has prompted much concern about the tepid 2.4 percent growth rate, but there are three other aspects of the report worth noting.
First, the bifurcated economy lives. The theme for the past year of recovery has been: a tale of two economies. Businesses that are connected to trade, to the global economy, and to business services are comparatively strong. The more global and less dependent on the United States you are, the better. We've seen excellent earnings from railroads, delivery companies, coal mining, and even automakers. But businesses and industries that are tethered exclusively to U.S. consumers, like the grocery chain Supervalu or housing, remain weak. This dichotomy is evident in the report. Personal consumption was flaccid. "Real personal consumption expenditures increased 1.6 percent in the second quarter, compared with an increase of 1.9 percent in the first." But business investment soared, and picked up steam from the strong first quarter. "Real nonresidential fixed investment increased 17.0 percent in the second quarter, compared with an increase of 7.8 percent in the first," the Commerce Department reported. Investments in equipment and software rose nearly 22 percent in the second quarter, after a 20.4 percent gain in the first quarter.
Second, even as fears grow of a double-dip recession, the report suggests that economic activity in the United States continues to expand at a decent clip. The growth rate for the first quarter of 2010 was revised sharply upward, from 2.7 percent to 3.7 percent. Assuming the preliminary report of a 2.4 percent growth rate for the second quarter sticks, it means the economy grew at a 3 percent rate in the first half — not fast enough, but nowhere near double-dip territory. The earnings report of UPS and railroad freight companies indicate that trade is surging. And the shape of that trade has the effect of dampening GDP growth. The BEA notes that imports "are a subtraction in the calculation of GDP." And imports surged in the second quarter, rising 28.8 percent from the first quarter. Through the first five months of 2010, imports are up 21 percent from the first five months of 2009 while exports are up more than 17 percent. In periods when imports fall sharply, that reduced activity has the effect of making GDP seem larger. In the first quarter of 2009, when imports fell 35 percent from the previous quarter, they "contributed" 6.48 percentage points to GDP growth. In the current quarter, soaring imports subtracted a whopping 4 percent from GDP growth. Reported GDP isn't rising as fast as we'd like in part because Americans are buying much more stuff from overseas than they were.
Third, this report proves that the past decade was even worse than we thought. It's common to hear concerns that the U.S. economy faces a Japan-style lost decade. But as I've documented, when it comes to employment, income growth, market performance, and fiscal management — we've already had a lost decade. The period between 2001 and 2008, characterized by easy fiscal and monetary policy, lax regulation, and low taxes on capital gains, dividends, and income produced pathetic results — and then ended in the worst debacle since the Great Depression. And the macroeconomic performance of our last decade turns out to be worse than we thought. In this release, the BEA revised growth figures for 2007, 2008, and 2009. In 2007, instead of growing 2.1 percent, the economy grew only 1.9 percent. In 2008, instead of growing 0.4 percent, it didn't grow at all. And in 2009, instead of shrinking 2.4 percent, it shrank by 2.6 percent.
81.
According to the author, how has the economy been in the past year?
A) It is a dichotomy.
B) It has a big recovery.
C) Only two economies recovered.
D) Domestic business was better than global one.
82.
According to the 3rd paragraph, the reported GDP isn't rising as fast as expected partly because of ______.
A) high exports
B) high imports
C) falling imports
D) declining exports
83.
What's the author's tone in the 3rd paragraph?
A) Optimistic.
B) Pessimistic.
C) Doubtful.
D) Negative.
84.
What is the 4th paragraph mainly about?
A) The prediction of the next decade.
B) The lesson from the last decade.
C) The progress US made in the decade.
D) The economy of the past decade.
85.
What's the purpose of this writing?
A) To raise people's concern about the economy's aspects rather than the report.
B) To regret that the last decade was much worse than we know.
C) To urge the government to reduce imports.
D) To compare the global business and the residential consumption expenditure.
Text B
With the national unemployment rate near double digits and credit markets tight, now is a great time to start a business. Think about it: thousands of workers can’t find jobs, so the talent pool is large and cheap. Good jobs seem less secure as companies cut hours and salaries so people are more likely to risk working for a startup. True, loans and venture capital funding are harder to secure. But even that is more of a hurdle than roadblock.
Many successful companies were started during periods of economic downturns, including Microsoft and Southwest Airlines. These businesses don’t share any single startup formula for success, according to business historians. Instead, it is a combination of luck, good ideas, and the willingness to work killer hours. In the case of Microsoft and CNN, having charismatic leaders such as Bill Gates and Ted Turner also helps.
Microsoft was, for example, started during the recession and oil crisis of the mid ‘70s. The company began modestly in New Mexico in 1975, when friends Paul Allen and Bill Gates developed a computer language for personal computers that was quickly copied by other programmers. In an open letter to software writers, Gates called for an end to unauthorized copying and made the case to have coders be paid for their work. By 1981, Gates had expanded his company and partnered with IBM, which ran Microsoft products and operating systems in its new personal computers. “Despite the fact that it started in bad economic times, Microsoft was providing services for a booming product,” says Richard D’Aveni, professor of strategic management at Dartmouth College’s Tuck School of Business.
But, Microsoft did more than simply position itself in the right place, at the right time. In its partnership with IBM, Microsoft kept the copyright for the software for the PC operating system: the logic being that other manufacturers would inevitably copy IBM’s personal computer; Microsoft would make even more money licensing software to other manufacturers.
For Southwest, finding success meant finding a niche. In 1971, it started limited flights between Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. Unlike other airlines, Southwest did not assign seating or offer any food or entertainment on the flights. It also didn’t operate out of expensive major airport hubs where they would have to go head-to-head with established carriers. “It used the strategy of avoiding competition and, at the same time, being the low-cost player during a bad time,” With fares that were 50-70 percent cheaper than their competitor, Southwest was able to stand out in air travel competition.
What types of successful startups will most likely emerge from this recession? Green technology is a good bet. “The bad times are the best times for starting companies,” says Gregg Fairbrothers, a professor of business administration at the Tuck School. Tough times require originality and figuring out how to do more with less, he adds. That’s a lesson we could all learn in this economy.
86.
According to the passage, when is the perfect time to start a business?
A) In economic boom.
B) In economic recessions.
C) In economic stability.
D) In economic readjustment.
87.
What is in common in the success of Microsoft, Southwest Airlines and CNN?
A) They position themselves in the right place at the right time.
B) They have powerful leaders with creative minds.
C) They have good luck and sharp observation.
D) They are hard-working and commercially-minded.
88.
The success of Microsoft in the 1980s is also due to the fact that ______.
A) it aimed at personal computers
B) it avoided competition with other companies
C) it provided services for a booming product
D) it is low-cost during a bad time
89.
According to the passage, the economic depression will probably contribute to the successful startups in the field of ______.
A) high-tech industry
B) garden greening
C) environmental protection
D) renewable energy
90.
Companies will have to be ______ to start business at the hard times.
A) active
B) competitive
C) creative
D) sensitive
Text C
They are people who struggle to make their voice heard, but the world is likely to hear more and more about them. If they all belonged to one nation, it would be a fair size, as big as Chile or Kazakhstan. Yet by definition, they belong to no country at all: they are the world's growing band of stateless people who have no citizenship rights, and are often unable to claim the things that states can provide, like travel documents and education. According to international officials whose job is to cope with human flotsam and jetsam, the problem of statelessness is growing fast, despite a modest decline in the number of refugees in the strict sense.
Some people become stateless because they are forced out of one country, and no other nation will accept them, or even grant them the rights which "refugees" – people who seek shelter because of a proven risk of persecution – can claim. Some people never leave home but find they are stranded by the shift in borders. Also being ranked among the stateless are marginal groups who cannot claim civic rights because their births went unrecorded.
As a classic case of statelessness, take the Biharis of Bangladesh. They mostly took the West Pakistani side in the 1971 war that led to the creation of Bangladesh, ensuring that they were unwelcome in the new state. Some were moved in organized exchanges – until Pakistan stopped taking them. Perhaps 300,000 remain stateless.
In fact, legal limbo (前途未卜) is not an either-or condition. There are degrees of statelessness. Among the Palestinians who fled during the war that followed Israel's creation, some-those in Jordan – were given passports, but in other Arab states, they simply got "refugee travel documents". No Arab state wanted to naturalize the newcomers, but the level of rights has varied from place to place.
António Guterres, the current high commissioner for refugees, says more and more countries agree, at least, that statelessness is a problem; and several have taken steps to alleviate it.
91.
If the stateless people belonged to one nation, their number would equal the population of _____.
A) Bangladesh
B) Chile
C) Israel
D) Jordan
92.
Which of the following is NOT a reason for some people to become stateless?
A) Because they run risks of being executed.
B) Because they are forced out of one country.
C) Because no other nations accept them.
D) Because their births go unrecorded.
93.
Why do some marginal groups become stateless?
A) Because they are forced out of their country.
B) Because they are stranded by the shift in borders.
C) Because there is no certification of their births.
D) Because there is a proven risk of persecution.
94.
Why did some of the Biharis become stateless?
A) For they prevented the creation of Bangladesh.
B) For most of them took the Pakistani side during the war.
C) For they were moved in organized exchanges.
D) For Pakistan could only take some of them and they were unwelcome in Bangladesh.
95.
Arab states' treatments of the fleeing Palestinians varied from place to place in terms of _____.
A) whether to give them passports
B) whether to accept them
C) whether to give them refugee documents
D) the level of rights
96.
Which word of the following shares the same meaning as "alleviate" in the last paragraph?
A) Reduce.
B) Solve.
C) Increase.
D) Abate.
Text D
25 years ago, a group of scientists embarked on an audacious quest: the creation of whole new organs. Brothers Joseph and Charles Vacanti at Harvard Medical School and Robert Langer of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology first promoted the idea of "tissue engineering" or "regenerative medicine". The scientists knew that every organ has a "scaffolding" — a structure that gives it shape — and many different types of cells with different functions. There are millions of cells, all arranged in an exact order.
Langer was a master at making physical structures that live within the body. He devised ways to create an organ's scaffolding using a variety of synthetic materials like biodegradable polymers and natural molecules like collagen that are part of everyone's body. Using Langer's techniques, Charles Vacanti grew cartilage in the shape of the ear of a 3-year-old child. Tissue engineers also devised an ingenious alternative approach called "decellularization": the cells of a spare organ (from an animal or human cadaver) are digested away, leaving just the natural, noncellular scaffolding.
Once a scaffolding exists, the next step in building a new organ is to drape the scaffolding with cells. Where do the new cells come from? Most often they are adult stem cells from the type of organ the doctors want to build. Sometimes adult stem cells from other organs can be chemically coaxed to turn into the cells of the new organ. For example, in pregnant women the amniotic fluid and placenta contain stem cells that can form many tissues. Surprisingly, so does fat. The unwanted fat removed by liposuction, for example, is rich in stem cells.
Ideally adult stem cells are extracted from the person who will be receiving the new organ, so that it won't be rejected. Because adult stem cells have so far worked well, scientists haven't made much use of the more controversial embryonic stem cells or the recently created induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that seem to behave much like their embryonic cousins.
After the scaffolding came the hard part, the part that caused most scientists outside the field to predict that growing new organs would fail. Even if you could build a scaffolding and procure the cells to drape onto that scaffolding, then what? Surely no scientist could assemble millions of cells, one by one and each in the right place, as if the organ were a giant jigsaw puzzle. It was, on its face, an insoluble problem — unless nature, somehow, helped out.
97.
What is the ambition of the scientists more than two decades ago?
A) Coaxing adult stem cells.
B) Making whole new organs.
C) Assembling cells in the body.
D) Devising cell structures.
98.
What is Langer responsible for in the quest?
A) Finding out methods to make organs' scaffolding.
B) Creating synthetic materials.
C) Experimenting on a 3-year-old child.
D) Connecting scaffolding with cells.
99.
What is Charles Vacanti supposed to do?
A) Grow cartilage on an ear.
B) Operate on a 3-year-old child.
C) Develop cartilage.
D) Grow cartilage for a kid.
100.
What does the underlined sentence "Surprisingly, so does fat" in Paragraph3 suggest?
A) Fat also contains many stem cells.
B) Stem cells are rich in fat.
C) Pregnant women are fat.
D) Fat can also be used to form many tissues.
101.
What's the best title for the passage?
A) The Future of Creating New Organs
B) The Risks of Making New Cells
C) The Mystery of Cell Extraction
D) The Moral Debate on Organs' Creating
Section A
Sports are more and more encouraged at school. However, some people hold that too much sport practice would affect students' academic study, while others don't think so. What's your opinion? Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:
Will more sport practice affect students' academic study?
You are to write in three parts. In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is. In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your opinion. In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Section B
Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
Write a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:
Lily, your roommate, has just succeeded in the election of the President of the Student Union. Write her a note to express your congratulations on her success.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.
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