Progress in the development of vaccines

疫苗的研制进展如何？

Globally there are about 240 potential vaccines in early development, with 40 in clinical trials and nine in the final stage of testing on thousands of people. Vaccine development normally takes years but because of the global emergency, scientists are working at breakneck speed.

全球大约有240种潜在疫苗正处于早期研发阶段，其中40种进入临床试验，9种处于对数千人进行测试的最后阶段。疫苗的研发通常需要数年时间，但由于全球紧急情况，科学家正全力以赴。

One being developed by the University of Oxford - already in an advanced stage of testing - has shown it can trigger an immune response.

牛津大学正在研发的一种疫苗已进入测试的高级阶段，结果显示这种疫苗可以引发免疫反应。

In China, a potential vaccine has been shown to produce protective antibodies.

在中国，一种潜在的疫苗已被证明可以产生保护性抗体。

Meanwhile in Russia, scientists say early tests on a vaccine called Sputnik-V show signs of an immune response.

与此同时，俄罗斯科学家称，对一种名为 Sputnik-V 的疫苗早期测试显示，这种疫苗可以产生免疫反应。

In a report earlier this month, they said that every participant in trials developed antibodies to fight the virus and suffered no serious side effects.

他们在本月早些时候的一份报告中说，每位受试者都产生了新冠病毒抗体，没有出现严重的副作用。

Russia licensed the vaccine for local use in August - the first country to do so. There was concern at the speed of the process and some experts said the early trials had been too small to prove effectiveness and safety.

俄罗斯于8月批准该疫苗在当地使用，成为全球首个批准疫苗的国家。人们对疫苗获批的速度之快感到担忧，一些专家表示，早期的试验规模太小，无法证明其有效性和安全性。

In the US, President Donald Trump has said Americans should be able to access a vaccine as early as October although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says a vaccine is unlikely to be widely available before mid-2021.

在美国，特朗普总统表示，美国人最早可以在10月份接种疫苗，而美国疾病控制和预防中心表示，不太可能在2021年年中之前实现疫苗的普遍接种。

The WHO has said it does not expect to see widespread vaccinations against Covid-19 until the middle of 2021.

世卫组织表示，预计到2021年中期才会出现大规模的新冠疫苗接种。