肥胖症

WHO’s Science in 5: Obesity

慢速| 考研 | 619词 | 4min52s

刘立军 供稿

Part I. QUESTIONS

Listen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

Q1. What factors contribute to the development of obesity according to Dr. Francesco Branca?

A. Unhealthy diet and low physical activity only.

B. Genetic predisposition and use of certain medications.

C. High energy foods and stressful life.

D. Limited access to healthy food and exercise facilities.

Q2. What is the estimated global impact of obesity in terms of health and economy?

A. 5 million deaths annually and a 3% loss in GDP.

B. 3 million deaths annually and a 5% loss in GDP.

C. 5 million deaths annually and a 1% loss in GDP.

D. 3 million deaths annually and a 3% loss in GDP.

Q3. How can an individual identify if they live with obesity, according to Dr. Branca?

A. By measuring their height and weight only.

B. By calculating their body mass index and measuring waist circumference.

C. By observing high blood pressure and blood lipid disorders.

D. By consulting a health practitioner for a professional diagnosis.

Q4. What advice does Dr. Francesco Branca give for preventing obesity, especially for those without easy access to healthy food and exercise?

A. Focus on consuming wholegrains, fruits, vegetables, healthy fats, and limit sugars.

B. Rely on community and national policies to provide access to healthy lifestyles.

C. Prioritize breastfeeding for young infants and avoid sugar-sweetened beverages for older children.

D. Both A and C.

Q5. What is the main idea of Dr. Francesco Branca’s discussion on obesity?

A. Obesity is a complex health issue influenced by multiple factors and has significant health and economic impacts.

B. Obesity is primarily caused by genetic predisposition and cannot be prevented.

C. Obesity is a minor health concern with limited effects on individuals and society.

D. Obesity can be easily managed through simple lifestyle changes and community support.

Part II. TRANSCRIPT

WHO’s Science in 5: Obesity

Vismita Gupta Smith: Did you know that where you live, the food systems around you, your opportunities to be active – all of this has an impact on your risk of developing obesity? How big is this issue? How can you reduce your risk of developing obesity and protect yourself? And how would you know if you’re living with obesity? Hello and welcome to Science in 5, I’m with Vismita Gupta Smith. We are talking to Dr. Francesco Branca today. Francesco, talk to us about obesity.

Dr. Francesco Branca: Obesity is a chronic disease defined by excess fat deposits that impair health. It can lead to Type 2 diabetes, heart disease. It may affect bone health, reproduction. (Q1) It is associated to certain cancers, and it affects the quality of living, and you get obesity because of the consumption of unhealthy diet, because of low physical activity, but also because of poor sleeping patterns and a stressful life. Some people are genetically predisposed to obesity, and so it’s easier for them to get obese. But also obesity can be the result of using certain medications. Many people live in environments that are conducive to obesity because of foods which are high energy, that are available around the clock, that are cheap.

predispose v. 使倾向于；使受…的影响

Vismita Gupta Smith: So, Francesco, how big is this problem of obesity?

Dr. Francesco Branca: So obesity is a problem for health and for economic development. (Q2) We calculate that 5 million deaths every year are caused by the consequences of obesity. And countries lose up to 3% of their gross domestic product because of obesity.

Vismita Gupta Smith: How would one know if they live with obesity? And how can they manage their condition?

Dr. Francesco Branca: (Q3) To identify obesity, you would measure weight and height and calculate the body mass index in adults, a body mass index higher than 30 kg per square meters helps diagnosis of obesity. You can also measure waist circumference. In women, a waist circumference over 80 centimeters, and in men over 90 centimeters indicates a high risk of the consequences of obesity. You will also see that with obesity, there’s a high blood pressure, there are disorders of the blood lipids and of glycemic control. The response to this is that obesity is not your own responsibility. You shouldn’t be ashamed if you’re living with obesity and people should not blame people living with obesity. Then the most important thing is to go to see a health practitioner, who also should be professional and respectful for the people living with obesity should help to diagnosis and should help with an integrated response, which is providing the counseling on diet and physical activity and as needed, suggesting drug treatment or even some surgical practices that would limit the consumption and the absorption of food.

circumference n. 圆周；圆周长

lipid n. 脂质；类脂

glycemic adj. 血糖的

Vismita Gupta Smith: What if I do not have access to healthy food or do not have access to or easy access to exercise? How can I prevent obesity and protect myself?

Dr. Francesco Branca: Community and national policy should help everybody to have access to healthy lifestyles. I would like to give some tips for everybody. (Q4) If you’re an adult, choose wholegrains, fruit and vegetables, healthy fats and limit sugars. Prefer water to any other drinks. Be active. If you’re a mother, of a young infant, breastfeed her or him as long as you can. Then for older children, give water and not sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables instead of confectionery. Walk to school, limit screen time and make sure that adequate sleep is given.

confectionery n. 甜食（糖果、巧克力等）

Vismita Gupta Smith: Thank you, Francesco. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then. Stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.

Part III. KEY

Q1. C. 细节题。根据文本中的描述：“It affects the quality of living, and you get obesity because of the consumption of unhealthy diet, because of low physical activity, but also because of poor sleeping patterns and a stressful life.” 可知，导致肥胖的因素包括不健康的饮食习惯、低运动量、差的睡眠模式和压力重重的生活。因此答案为C。

Q2. A. 细节题。文本提到：“We calculate that 5 million deaths every year are caused by the consequences of obesity. And countries lose up to 3% of their gross domestic product because of obesity.” 这表明肥胖症每年导致大约500万人死亡，并且国家因肥胖症而损失高达3%的国内生产总值。因此答案为A。

Q3. B. 细节题。文本中提到：“To identify obesity, you would measure weight and height and calculate the body mass index in adults, a body mass index higher than 30 kg per square meters helps diagnosis of obesity. You can also measure waist circumference.” 这说明个人可以通过测量体重和身高、计算身体质量指数（BMI）以及测量腰围来识别自己是否患有肥胖症。因此答案为B。

Q4. D. 推理题。文本中Dr. Francesco Branca提到了几种预防肥胖的建议，包括：“choose wholegrains, fruit and vegetables, healthy fats and limit sugars”和“give water and not sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables instead of confectionery.”也就是说要选择全谷物、水果和蔬菜、健康脂肪并限制糖分，多喝水；母亲要尽可能长时间母乳喂养婴儿，对于年龄较大的孩子，给他们水而不是含糖饮料，给水果和蔬菜而不是甜食，此外，他还提到了社区和国家政策应该帮助每个人获得健康生活方式的途径。因此，答案是D，即A和C两点建议。

Q5. A. 主旨题。整个对话中，Dr. Francesco Branca讨论了肥胖症的多种成因，包括不健康的饮食、缺乏运动、遗传因素、药物使用、睡眠模式和生活压力等。他还提到了肥胖对健康和经济的严重影响，以及如何识别和管理肥胖症。这表明肥胖症是一个复杂的健康问题，受到多种因素的影响，并对个人和社会产生了重大影响。因此答案为A。

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