麻疹是否正在卷土重来

Is Measles making a comeback？

刘立军 供稿

 TRANSCRIPT

Is measles making a comeback? How concerned should we be and what can parents do to protect their children? Hello and welcome to Science in 5. I’m Vismita Gupta-Smith. We are talking to Dr. Patrick O’Connor today. Welcome, Patrick. Let’s start with the disease, measles. Tell us about it. Is it making a comeback?

Thank you, Vismita. Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus. It is easily spread through the air by an infected person coughing or sneezing. And symptoms typically include fever and rash. Complications of measles infection are common and can range from mild ones, such as diarrhea to extremely serious ones like pneumonia and brain inflammation. Measles is a serious disease. And before the measles vaccine was introduced in the early 1960s and commonly used, there are an estimated 2 million deaths attributed to measles every year. And this was mostly in children.

Patrick, why are we seeing a resurgence of measles and how concerned should we be?

The interventions that we put in place for the COVID 19 pandemic, such as mask wearing, teleworking and travel restrictions, also slowed the transmission of other respiratory diseases, including measles. And as those restrictions are being eased, we are seeing an increase in the number of measles cases being reported, particularly in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. This is particularly worrisome because there’s been an increase in the number of children that have missed their routine measles doses due to disruptions of health care services during the COVID 19 pandemic.

In 2021, there were an estimated 25 million children that missed their first dose of measles vaccines. In 2019, that was 20 million. And if you remember, we had the largest outbreaks of measles that we’ve seen in two decades in 2019. In order to prevent a repeat of 2019, we need to make sure that those that have missed their measles vaccine get vaccinated.

Patrick, what can parents do to protect their children from measles?

The best protection against measles is being vaccinated. The measles vaccine is safe and effective, and since its introduction, billions of doses have been given globally, preventing serious illness and death. Even if you or your child has missed one of the scheduled measles doses, it’s not a problem. You can get vaccinated right now. It’s important to remember that being vaccinated against measles also protects all of your other immunizations. An added benefit of being vaccinated is that you are also protecting your family and members of your community from getting measles.

And this is particularly important for those that are too young to get vaccinated or those who are sick or immunocompromised. If you have specific questions or concerns about measles or the timing of the measles vaccination, I would suggest that you have a conversation with your trusted health care provider.

Thank you, Patrick. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.

1. measles n. an infectious disease, especially of children, that causes fever and small red spots that cover the whole body 麻疹

2. diarrhea n. 腹泻

3. pneumonia n. a serious illness affecting one or both lungs that makes breathing difficult 肺炎

4. inflammation n. a condition in which a part of the body becomes red, sore and swollen because of infection or injury 发炎；炎症

5. worrisome adj. that makes you worry 令人担心的；使人担忧的

6. immunization n. 免疫接种; 防疫注射

7. immunocompromised adj. 免疫系统受损伤（削弱）的

1. Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus and is readily spread through the air by an infected person who coughs or sneezes.

2. It is estimated that 2 million people die from measles each year prior to the introduction of the measles vaccine in the early 1970s and its current use.

3. In 2021, there were an estimated 20 million children that missed their first dose of measles vaccines. In 2019, that was 25 million. 

4. We experienced the most significant measles outbreaks in 20 years in 2021.

5. To prevent a repeat in 2019, we must ensure that all children get vaccinated.

6. The best way to protect yourself from measles is through vaccination.

(T) 1. Measles is a highly contagious disease caused by the measles virus and is readily spread through the air by an infected person who coughs or sneezes.

(F) 2. It is estimated that 2 million people die from measles each year prior to the introduction of the measles vaccine in the early 1970s and its current use.（正确表达）It is estimated that 2 million people die from measles each year prior to the introduction of the measles vaccine in the early 1960s and its current use.

(F) 3. In 2021, there were an estimated 20 million children that missed their first dose of measles vaccines. In 2019, that was 25 million.（正确表达）In 2021, there were an estimated 25 million children that missed their first dose of measles vaccines. In 2019, that was 20 million. 

(F) 4. We experienced the most significant measles outbreaks in 20 years in 2021.（正确表达）We experienced the most significant measles outbreaks in 20 years in 2019. 

(F) 5. To prevent a repeat in 2019, we must ensure that all children get vaccinated.（正确表达）To prevent a repeat in 2019, we must ensure that those that have missed their measles vaccine get vaccinated.

(T) 6. The best way to protect yourself from measles is through vaccination.