Melanoma

黑素瘤

来源：刘立军

TRANSCRIPT

ELIZABETH COHEN, CNN SENIOR MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT: 

A melanoma is a cancer that begins in the skin cells. The face and the neck are common areas for melanomas to appear. For men also, the chest and the back, for women, the legs. Exposure to U.V. lights such as the sun causes most melanomas.

When melanoma is caught early, it's almost always curable. In fact, when you look at people where melanoma was caught early, five years later, 97 percent of them are still alive. But when melanoma is caught late, it is extremely deadly. When you look at melanomas that are stage four, that's the most advanced, five years later, only 15 to 20 percent of those people are still alive.

Unfortunately, melanoma is particularly likely to spread to the brain. When you look at people with stage four melanoma, 60 percent of those patients will develop brain tumors.

There are various treatments for melanoma. It can include surgery, radiation chemotherapy and the use of targeted, newer cancer drugs.

Now, some melanomas can't be prevented, but some can. So, the most important thing is to stay out of the sun as much as you can, and if you are in the sun, cover up with clothing or with sunscreen. And certainly, don't use tanning beds.

The American Cancer Society recommends that you check your body once a month. Look for moles, look for new moles, and also for changes in moles that you already have.

Adapted from 黑素瘤

VOCABULARY

1. melanoma n. a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot or tumor on the skin 黑（色）素瘤；黑瘤。例句：The link between melanoma and phototherapy should be the focus of such a study. 进一步研究应该以黑色素瘤与光疗的关系为重点。

2. tumor n.【医】肿瘤

3. radiation n. the treatment of cancer and other diseases using radiation 放射疗法

4. chemotherapy n. the treatment of disease, especially cancer, with the use of chemical substances （尤指对癌的）化学治疗，化学疗法，化疗。

  Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells, control their growth, or relieve pain symptoms. 化疗是使用有效的药物杀死癌细胞，控制其生长，或者缓解疼痛症状。

5. sunscreen n. a cream or liquid that you put on your skin to protect it from the harmful effects of the sun 防晒霜；防晒油。例句：However, you must use sunscreen for at least one week after application. 但是，你必须要抹至少一个星期的防晒霜。

6. moles n. 痣

QUESTIONS

Question 1: What are the common areas for melanoma to appear?

A.  The face and the neck.

B.  The chest and the back.

C.  The chest and legs.

D.  The face and the chest.

Question 2: Which of the following statements about melanoma is FALSE?

A.  It's almost always curable if it is caught early.

B.  Unfortunately, it is particularly likely to spread to the heart.

C.  There are various treatments for melanoma.

D.  Currently, not all of the melanomas can be prevented.

Question 3: What is the suggestion given by the American Cancer Society to fight with melanoma?

A.  Try to avoid exposing to U.V. lights, such as the sun.

B.  Stay out of the sun as much as you can.

C.  Check your body for new moles, and also for changes in moles that you already have once a month.

D.  Don't use tanning beds if you are in the sun.

SUGGESTED ANSWERS

1. A 细节题。根据第一段的第二句：The face and the neck are common areas for melanomas to appear. 可以判断，正确答案应为A。

2. B 推断题。四个选项都是根据第二段、第三段、第四段和第五段的段首句（各段的主题句）而编写。第二段首句：When melanoma is caught early, it's almost always curable. 选项A是它的同义改写；第三段首句：Unfortunately, melanoma is particularly likely to spread to the brain. 选项B是根据该句改编，但是把核心词汇brain换成了heart，所以该句为错误的描述。第四段首句：There are various treatments for melanoma. 选项C是原句照抄，没有变化；第五段首句：Now, some melanomas can't be prevented, but some can. 选项D是该句的同义改写。该题问：关于对黑素瘤的描述中，哪一项为错误选项？综上，答案应为B。

3. C 细节题。根据最后一段：The American Cancer Society recommends that you check your body once a month. Look for moles, look for new moles, and also for changes in moles that already you have. 可以判断，选项C是该段的同义改写，所以正确答案为C选项。