学术写作：APA格式参考文献

Academic writing: References in APA style

刘立军 供稿

QUESTIONS

Listen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

1. How should you cite a source with up to five authors for the first time in an APA style research paper?

A. Only include the last name of the first author.

B. Include all of their last names separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last author.

C. Include the last name of the first author followed by et al.

D. List them alphabetically by the last name of the first author.

2. What is the order in listing authors in a journal article reference in APA style?

A. Alphabetical order.

B. Chronological order.

C. Order of contribution.

D. Order with last names written out in full and only letters for the first and middle names.

3. Where should the references section be placed in a research paper according to APA style?

A. At the beginning of the research paper.

B. In the middle of the research paper.

C. After the discussion section and before any tables and figures.

D. At the end of the research paper after all tables and figures.

4. What is the purpose of an in-text citation in a research paper written in APA style?

A. To list all authors of a source.

B. To refer to prior research or ideas generated by others.

C. To provide detailed information about the author’s biography.

D. To introduce the topic of the research paper.

5. If you want to directly refer to a source in the text like "Piaget and Duckworth 1970", what change should you make according to APA citation rules?

A. Include the year in parentheses and replace ampersands with the full spelling 'and'.

B. List the authors alphabetically.

C, Use “et al” after the names of the authors.

D. Include the digital object identifier number.

TRANSCRIPT

Writing a research paper, you’ll need to cite sources. Here’s how to cite sources APA style.

APA style: APA Style是由美国心理学会（American Psychological Association）开发的一种引用和格式化规则，它在众多学术领域，特别是心理学、教育学和社会科学中被广泛使用。

In a research paper, when you refer to prior research or to ideas generated by others, you should cite your sources.

generate v. 产生，生成

There are two steps to do that. In-text citation and the references section.

citation n. 引用，引文

To add in-text citation, you should use the last name of the author or authors of the article and the publication date all within parentheses. Place that citation at the end of the relevant sentence or clause. For sources that have up to five authors, the first citation of that source should include all of their last names separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last author. If you cite that source again, you should only include the last name of the first author followed by an “et al” and the year.

parenthesis n. 括号

ampersand n. 即“&”符号

If the source has more than five authors, then every citation of that source, including the first, should only include the last name of the first author followed by “et al”. And if you want to cite several sources as a list, then you should cite them alphabetically by the last name of the first author and with semicolons in between. Finally, if you want to refer to a source directly in the text, such as “Piaget and Duckworth 1970”, generally the same rules apply, except the year is in parentheses and instead of ampersands, you spell out the word, and these rules cover the most common in-text citations. For more information, please refer to the APA publication manual and the links below.

semicolon n. 分号

Now on to references. The references section should be after the discussion section and before any  tables and figures. This should be called references. This section should contain a list of every source  that you cited in your paper. That list should be ordered alphabetically by the last name of the first author of each source.

Here’s how a typical journal article reference should look. First, the authors are listed in order with last names written out in full and only letters for the first and middle names. Next is the year in parentheses and then the title of the article. This is followed by the name of the journal in italics, the volume number, issue number, and the page numbers. Finally, include the digital object identifier number if it’s available.

Thanks for watching and if you have any questions, please comment below. For more information, check out our other videos and the UCSD psychology website.

KEY

1. How should you cite a source with up to five authors for the first time in an APA style research paper?

A. Only include the last name of the first author.

B. Include all of their last names separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last author.

C. Include the last name of the first author followed by et al.

D. List them alphabetically by the last name of the first author.

【答案】B

【解析】细节题。题目信息来自文本中的句子“For sources that have up to five authors, the first citation of that source should include all of their last names separated by commas and with an ampersand before the last author.”根据这句话，当引用的来源有五个或以上的作者时，首次引用应包含他们所有的姓，用逗号分隔，并在最后一位作者之前加上“&”。

2. What is the order in listing authors in a journal article reference in APA style?

A. Alphabetical order.

B. Chronological order.

C. Order of contribution.

D. Order with last names written out in full and only letters for the first and middle names.

【答案】D

【解析】细节题。题目信息来自文本中的句子“First, the authors are listed in order with last names written out in full and only letters for the first and middle names.” 根据这句话，列表作者的顺序是，姓氏全写，其他名字只写首字母。

3. Where should the references section be placed in a research paper according to APA style?

A. At the beginning of the research paper.

B. In the middle of the research paper.

C. After the discussion section and before any tables and figures.

D. At the end of the research paper after all tables and figures.

【答案】C

【解析】细节题。题目信息来自文本中的句子“The references section should be after the discussion section and before any tables and figures.”根据这句话，引用部分应放在讨论部分之后以及图表和数字之前。

4. What is the purpose of an in-text citation in a research paper written in APA style?

A. To list all authors of a source.

B. To refer to prior research or ideas generated by others.

C. To provide detailed information about the author’s biography.

D. To introduce the topic of the research paper.

【答案】B

【解析】细节题。题目信息来自文本中的句子“In a research paper, when you refer to prior research or to ideas generated by others, you should cite your sources.”根据这句话，APA风格的研究论文中的引文引用的目的是引用他人生成的先前研究或想法。

5. If you want to directly refer to a source in the text like “Piaget and Duckworth 1970”, what change should you make according to APA citation rules?

A. Include the year in parentheses and replace ampersands with the full spelling “and”.

B. List the authors alphabetically.

C, Use “et al” after the names of the authors.

D. Include the digital object identifier number.

【答案】A

【解析】推理题。题目信息来自文本中的句子“Finally, if you want to refer to a source directly in the text, such as Piaget and Duckworth 1970, generally the same rules apply, except the year is in parentheses and instead of ampersands, you spell out the word.”根据这句话，如果你想直接引用像“Piaget and Duckworth 1970”这个文献，在APA引用规则下，应将年份包括在括号内，并将“&”替换为完全拼写的“and”。

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