学术写作：如何写“文献回顾”
Academic writing: How to write a Literature Review
刘立军 供稿
QUESTIONS
Listen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. What is a literature review?
A. A video on how to write research papers.
B. An analysis of prior research on a topic.
C. A process of finding relevant sources.
D. A conclusion of the main findings in research.
2. How many parts does a literature review usually consist of?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
3. Which of the following is NOT part of the process of writing a literature review according to the passage?
A. Identifying and defining the topic.
B. Conducting a literature search.
C. Writing a research paper.
D. Reading through the found literature and taking notes.
4. What is advised to do after writing the draft of a literature review?
A. Publishing it immediately.
B. Giving it to someone else to revise.
C. Submitting it for peer review.
D. Reading it carefully, editing, and revising as needed.
5. What can be inferred about the process of writing a literature review?
A. It involves understanding the topic deeply.
B. It is a simple and quick task.
C. It only needs an introduction and a conclusion.
D. It does not require any revision or editing.
TRANSCRIPT
What is a literature review and how can I write one? Watch this video to find out. A literature review is a survey or an analysis of prior research on a topic. This could be any topic. There simply has to be research on it.
Most literature reviews are in three parts, the first part being the introduction. This introduces and defines the topic, summarizes major theories and issues about it and describes how the review is conducted. The second part is the main body of the review. This is where the research is summarized and discussed. The third part is the conclusion. This is where the main findings of the review are discussed.
introduction n. 引言，介绍
summarize v. 总结，概述
So how do I write a literature review? Here’s one approach. First, identify and define the topic. This usually is a research question. For example, you might be interested in how children learn to count or why people forget things. Second, conduct a literature search. Find keywords that describe your topic and use them in database searches. Find as many relevant sources as you can. Third, read through what you found and take notes. Try to become an expert or at least very familiar with your topic. Fourth, organize your notes and your thoughts. Did you notice any patterns? Write down your thoughts and if you can, create an outline. Fifth, write the review itself. There are many different ways to describe individual studies. One paragraph for each, chronologically, or by their results. You should always strive to be clear and logical. After you’ve written your draft, read it carefully, edit and revise as needed. With that, you have written a literature review.
database n. 数据库
strive v. 努力，奋斗
revise v. 修改，修订
Thanks for watching. If you have any questions, please comment below. For more on writing research papers, check out our other videos and the UCSD psychology website.
KEY
1. What is a literature review?
A. A video on how to write research papers.
B. An analysis of prior research on a topic.
C. A process of finding relevant sources.
D. A conclusion of the main findings in research.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。命题出处：“A literature review is a survey or an analysis of prior research on a topic.” 根据这一句，文献综述为对一个主题的先前已有研究的调查或分析。因此选项B正确。
2. How many parts does a literature review usually consist of?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。命题出处：“Most literature reviews are in three parts.” 根据这一句，大部分的文献综述都包括三个部分，因此答案应为B。
3. Which of the following is NOT part of the process of writing a literature review according to the passage?
A. Identifying and defining the topic.
B. Conducting a literature search.
C. Writing a research paper.
D. Reading through the literature and taking notes.
【答案】C
【解析】细节题。根据文段中列举的写文献综述的步骤，选项C不在列。
4. What is advised to do after writing the draft of a literature review?
A. Publishing it immediately.
B. Giving it to someone else to revise.
C. Submitting it for peer review.
D. Reading it carefully, editing, and revising as needed.
【答案】D
【解析】细节题。命题出处：“After you’ve written your draft, read it carefully, edit and revise as needed.” 根据这一句，在完成草稿之后，应该认真阅读，适当的时候需要进行编辑并且修改，答案应为D。
5. What can be inferred about the process of writing a literature review?
A. It involves understanding the topic deeply.
B. It is a simple and quick task.
C. It needs an introduction and a conclusion.
D. It does not require any revision or editing.
【答案】A
【解析】推理题。阅读全文，可以推断出写作文献综述需要深入理解主题。所以选项A符合此推理。
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