从警报到行动：世卫组织如何守护健康

From alerts to action - How WHO protects your health

常速 | 五级（偏难）| 877词 | 5min17s

刘立军供稿

Part I. QUESTIONS

Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

Q1. What does WHO receive over one hundred thousand of every month?  

A. Reports of confirmed pandemics.  

B. Requests for medical assistance.  

C. Signals that could indicate health threats.  

D. Complaints from local health authorities.  

Q2. According to Dr Chikwe, why is it sometimes difficult to identify health threats?  

A. Health threats are often hidden in natural disasters.  

B. Some threats are not immediately obvious to humans.  

C. Local hospitals lack the resources to report outbreaks.  

D. Most signals are caused by false alarms.  

Q3. What method does WHO use to filter out irrelevant signals?  

A. Manual inspection of all signals.  

B. Artificial intelligence to remove noise.  

C. Collaboration with local hospitals.  

D. Verification through laboratory tests.  

Q4. What is the main idea of Dr Chikwe’s explanation about global collaboration?  

A. Collaboration is key to identifying and responding to health threats.  

B. Countries should focus on their own health systems first.  

C. Environmental and animal sectors are less important in health responses.  

D. Global collaboration mainly benefits developed nations.  

Q5. Why might individuals be compared to “health detectives” according to Dr Chikwe?  

A. They are responsible for diagnosing diseases in their communities.  

B. They can observe and report unusual patterns in their surroundings.  

C. They are trained by WHO to identify potential outbreaks.  

D. They can directly manage local health crises.  

Part II. TRANSCRIPT

从警报到行动：世卫组织如何守护健康

From alerts to action - How WHO protects your health

VGS: We are here in the emergencies operations centre of WHO’s headquarters in Geneva. (Q1) This is where WHO receives over one hundred thousand signals every month. Any of these signals could be a real health threat, an outbreak or even a pandemic. So how do scientists and WHO, together, decide which one of these signals could be a potential outbreak? We are here with Dr Chikwe Ihekweazu, today to discuss just that. Welcome Dr Chikwe. Why are there so many threats, health threats, that we receive signals for?

pandemic n. 大流行病，全球性流行病  

CI: So, all around the world something is happening. Sometimes it’s obvious to us, there are floods somewhere, there’s a heatwave, there is conflict and there are always health consequences. But sometimes there are these little bugs, like viruses or bacteria, that cause a new disease outbreak. You know, a cluster of people ill or dying from one thing or the other. (Q2) So, everywhere around the world, it is nature and some of it is obvious to us and some are not and our work is to have a system where we can find these and make sure that we, as a joined humanity, has a way of responding to these threats wherever they are happening.

cluster n. 群体

VGS: So, these signals, what do they look like? Where are they coming from?

CI: What we call signals, are really anything unusual. Sometimes there are more people in your local hospital. Sometimes we find people having diseases which we don’t expect young people to have or different demographics in any society to have. And sometimes it’s just we hear more people are dying in parts of the world. Or sometimes it’s very obvious, you know, there’s a flood, there’s war, there’s conflict and people are dying. So this is really what we respond to and our role is to understand what is usual and what is unusual and respond to that that is not normal and make sure that, with our partners in countries with our colleagues who are working at the different levels all over the world, that we have a way of identifying what is happening, defining what is usual, what is unusual and then, devoting our resources to responding to the unusual.

demographic n. 人口统计数据

VGS: What’s the process of sifting that we go through?

sift v. 筛选，过滤  

CI: So we have a system which really works in every country through which a lot of this work is done. Some of it is automated it scans through all the media sources newspapers, radio, social media and sometimes does phone calls from doctors working in some clinics around the world. So, a lot of the early part of this work is automated. (Q3) Then we use artificial intelligence to sieve out the noise and ultimately, we have to go through a process we call verification which very often means that someone is picking up a phone, calling their colleague somewhere in the community saying, “Listen, we heard this, what is going on?” Sometimes we arrange for a sample to be taken from a group of people and sent to a lab to confirm what disease is happening. So, it’s a process called verification and the point is really to sieve out what requires an organized response and what a local hospital can manage on its own.

sieve v. 筛选，过滤  

VGS: What is the role that the countries play in this entire process?

CI: (Q4) At the heart of this work is that no country, no community, no hospital can do it on its own because we need to work together. Things can only be more than expected if you know what to expect and what they expect is really an average of what happens globally. So for this work to work we have to collaborate, collaborate between countries, collaborate between the humans, the animal sector, colleagues working in the environment, if these three parts of our response are not working together, we don’t get it right. So it requires a lot of collaboration around different professions, across different countries, continents and also, of course, people working in the different sectors.

VGS: As an individual, what can we do?

CI: So, what every individual can play is an addition to all the roles we have. (Q5)We should also all think of ourselves as health detectives. So when you see something unusual happening in your community, whether it’s children getting ill, whether it’s more people dying, or whether you just see that the weather has changed so much and people are just not the same. You can make sure your local health authority is informed or maybe just your local doctor. Just make sure that, if your sense is that something unusual happened with a population, a group of people that you work with. You might be a teacher, you might be a doctor you might just be a leader in a community. Make sure someone knows about it that they can then inform the local health authority and they will ultimately pass that information to the World Health Organization.

VGS: Thank you, Dr Chikwe. Here’s to you, our audience, being the next disease detective, and reporting anything unusual that might be going on in your part of the world. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.

Part III. KEY

Q1. C.【解析】细节题。根据“This is where WHO receives over one hundred thousand signals every month. Any of these signals could be a real health threat, an outbreak or even a pandemic.”，可知世卫组织每月接收超过十万个信号，其中任何一条都可能意味着真实的健康威胁、疾病爆发甚至是大流行病的出现。因此答案为C。

Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“...some of it is obvious to us and some are not...”，可知有些威胁是显而易见的，而有些则不是。由此可知，有些健康威胁并不容易被人类立即察觉，因此答案为B。

Q3. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Then we use artificial intelligence to sieve out the noise”，可知世卫组织是使用人工智能来过滤掉不相关的信号，因此答案为B。

Q4. A.【解析】主旨题。根据“...we need to work together...So for this work to work we have to collaborate, collaborate between countries, collaborate between the humans, the animal sector, colleagues working in the environment...”，可知Dr Chikwe强调我们需要合作，为了让这项工作发挥作用，我们必须在国家之间合作，在人类、动物部门和环境领域的同事之间合作。由此可概括出全球合作是识别和应对健康威胁的关键，因此答案为A。

Q5. B.【解析】推理题。根据“We should also all think of ourselves as health detectives. So when you see something unusual happening in your community ...You can make sure your local health authority is informed or maybe just your local doctor.”，可知每个人都可以把自己看作健康侦探，当发现社区里有异常健康状况时，及时告知地方卫生部门或医生，因此答案为B。

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