脑震荡

Concussion

常速 | 四级 较易 | 854词 | 5min13s

刘立军供稿

Part I. QUESTIONS

Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

Q1. What type of injury is concussion according to Dr. Tarun Dua?

A. A minor skin injury.

B. A type of traumatic brain injury.

C. A psychological disorder.

D. A temporary loss of consciousness.

Q2. In which situations can concussion occur?

A. Only during contact sports.

B. Only when there is a direct blow to the head.

C. When there is a bump, blow to the head or even to the body.

D. When there is a loss of balance due to aging.

Q3. What are some common symptoms of concussion?

A. Headache, nausea, and loss of balance.

B. Convulsions and immediate loss of consciousness.

C. Sleep problems and weakness only.

D. Pressure sensation and memory issues.

Q4. What is one of the prevention measures for concussion mentioned by Dr. Tarun Dua?

A. Assuming that concussions are not serious.

B. Ignoring the home environment for potential hazards.

C. Engaging in high-risk sports without protective gear.

D. Wearing a helmet while riding a bicycle.

Q5. What is the primary prevention strategy for concussion at home according to the conversation?

A. Ensuring good lighting to avoid falls.

B. Making the home environment fall-free.

C. Installing safety rails in every room.

D. Regularly checking for structural damage in the house.

Q6. What should one do if they suspect they have a concussion?

A. Wait for the symptoms to disappear.

B. Ignore the incident if there is no visible injury.

C. Rest for a few days and then resume normal activities.

D. Seek medical help immediately.

Q7. What is the main message of the conversation about concussion treatment?

A. Concussions will go away on their own.

B. Rest is crucial for recovery.

C. Medical evaluation is not necessary.

D. Long-term impacts can be ignored.

Q8. What is the importance of avoiding repeat concussions?

A. They can lead to long-term damage, including dementia.

B. They cause immediate convulsions.

C. They are more painful than the first concussion.

D. They require more expensive treatments.

Q9. Which group is particularly vulnerable to the long-term impacts of concussion?

A. Senior citizens.

B. People who work in construction.

C. Children who play sports.

D. Individuals who have a history of seizures.

Part II. TRANSCRIPT

Concussion

Transcript

VGS: It’s a wet and rainy day in Geneva but Science in 5 crew is very determined. It’s an all-women crew today. So come rain and shine, we’re going to shoot this. We’re going to talk about concussion today. If you have children who play sports or you play sports, you need to know about concussion. What is it? How will you know if you have concussion? And what can you do to prevent it? And here to talk about it today is Dr Tarun Dua. Welcome Tarun.

concussion n. 脑震荡

TD: Hi!

VGS: Tarun, talk to us about what is concussion.

TD: (Q1) So, concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury. (Q2) So, if you have a bump, blow to the head or even to the body. What happens is, the forces can lead to your brain moving and bouncing around, leading to damage to brain cells. And any activity can cause concussion. So, for example, you fall in this wet, rainy field or you are playing sports, like football, It also happens during road traffic accidents. For example, in Australia, one in five people who presented to the hospital with concussion, they had it while playing sports.

traumatic adj. 外伤的

VGS: So, we’ve just established that these are pretty perfect conditions for a concussion that we are filming in. But, actually, I fell down a little while ago and I was wondering if I had concussion. I didn’t know what the symptoms would be. Can you talk about that?

TD: So, concussion is not something that you will see outside and the other thing is, it’s not that symptoms are going to happen immediately. They can actually also happen up to 72 hours after the injury. (Q3) So common symptoms are you will have headache or pressure sensation, nausea, feeling dizzy, loss of balance, memory, unable to focus, sleep problems. So these are very common problems. Then sometimes you have severe symptoms, like convulsions. You can have loss of consciousness or weakness or numbness and that means you need to, in any case, you need to go immediately to get any help. So, did you have any of those symptoms, Vismita?
sensation n. 感觉

nausea n. 恶心，反胃

convulsion n. 痉挛

numbness n. 麻木

VGS: Well, no, I think I felt a little bit of brain fog or a little bit of confusion which is what worried me. But also, it’s about sometimes, when you take a fall you’ve also not really thought about the fact that with, as you age, you need to work on your balance better and stuff like that. So talk to us also about the prevention of concussion.

TD: There are many things all of us can do. (Q4) So, for example, riding a bicycle, wear a helmet. (Q5) Home environment, make sure that your carpets and cables are not interrupting. And especially for older people, they’re very important, that we make our homes friendly and fall free as much as possible. Playing contact sports, ensure that you are wearing protective equipment, you are aware of your surroundings. So I’m looking around, the ball is not going to come and hit me. And do not take unnecessary risk. This is especially true for young people. So, these are many things that we can do to prevent concussion.
helmet n. 头盔

VGS: Talk about the treatment of concussion. Sometimes you hear that, ‘Oh, it’s okay, it will just go away.’ Is that true, for instance?

TD: One of the things about concussion is not everyone is aware about it and so very often it goes undetected. People don’t know and they don’t go to seek medical help. (Q6) So it’s very important, that if you have had a fall, just ensure that you seek medical help. Go and show it to the doctor. That evaluation is extremely important and the second is that (Q7) you need to take rest, both physical and mental because it will help you recover quickly. (Q8) And the third thing that you need to do is avoid repeat injuries. Avoid repeat concussion because we know repeat concussions can lead to long-term damage, including dementia.

dementia n. 痴呆，精神错乱

VGS: That sounds very scary, especially because senior citizens will also experience, sometimes, increased falls and that can actually contribute to dementia, you said, right? Talk to us about some other long-term impacts of concussion.

TD: You can have long-term memory problems, you can have long-term sleep problems. It can impact your education, learning. (Q9) I’m thinking about the young people and also, especially if you’re thinking about sports, because, you know, you’re getting it at a young age we are worried about the risk of neurocognitive issues such a dementia.

VGS: We’re going to wrap up, but give our audience a few tips for how to avoid concussion.

TD: Important is that wear protective equipment, you are riding a bicycle, you are playing a sport. When you are in your home, just ensure that you are keeping your carpets, your cables, so that you are not falling down on any of those surfaces and be aware of your surroundings.

VGS: Thank you, Tarun. That was Science in 5, today, from a wet and rainy Geneva. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.

Part III. KEY

Q1. B. 【解析】细节题。根据“So, concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury.”，可知脑震荡是一种创伤性脑损伤。因此答案为B。

Q2. C. 【解析】细节题。根据“So, if you have a bump, blow to the head or even to the body.”，可知如果你头部甚至身体受到撞击、击打就会引发脑震荡。因此答案为C。

Q3. A. 【解析】细节题。根据“common symptoms are you will have headache or pressure sensation, nausea, feeling dizzy, loss of balance...”，可知常见的症状包括头痛或压迫感、恶心、头晕、平衡失调等。因此答案为A。

Q4. D. 【解析】细节题。根据“So, for example, riding a bicycle, wear a helmet.”，可知骑自行车时要戴头盔是一种预防措施。因此答案为D。

Q5. B. 【解析】细节题。根据“Home environment, make sure that your carpets and cables are not interrupting ... that we make our homes friendly and fall free as much as possible.”，可知在家庭环境方面，要确保地毯和电线不会造成阻碍，特别是对老年人来说，尤为重要，要尽可能使我们的家变得友好且无跌倒风险。因此答案为B。

Q6. D. 【解析】细节题。根据“So it’s very important, that if you have had a fall, just ensure that you seek medical help.”，可知如果你摔倒了，一定要寻求医疗帮助。因此答案为D。

Q7. B. 【解析】主旨题。整个对话都在讨论脑震荡的治疗和恢复，特别是在“you need to take rest, both physical and mental because it will help you recover quickly.”这句话中强调了休息对于恢复的重要性。因此答案为B。

Q8. A. 【解析】细节题。根据“and the third thing that you need to do is avoid repeat injuries. Avoid repeat concussion because we know repeat concussions can lead to long-term damage, including dementia.”，可知第三件事是避免重复受伤。避免再次脑震荡，因为反复脑震荡可能导致长期损伤，包括痴呆症。因此答案为A。

Q9.C. 【解析】细节题。根据“I’m thinking about the young people and also, especially if you’re thinking about sports, because, you know, you’re getting it at a young age we are worried about the risk of neurocognitive issues such a dementia.”，可知Dr. Tarun Dua想到年轻人，尤其是参与体育运动的年轻人，因为他们从很小的年纪就开始参与，他们担忧其可能会增加神经认知问题的风险，如痴呆。因此答案为C。

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