如何保护孩子视力？

Science in 5: How Can You Protect Your Child’s Vision?

常速 | 高考较难 | 733词 | 4分27秒

刘立军供稿

Part I. QUESTIONS

Listen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

Q1. What can be an early sign of vision loss in children, according to Dr. Stuart Keel?

A. Frequent headaches and nausea.

B. Excessive tearing or eye discharges.

C. Eye rubbing or squinting to see clearly.

D. Abnormal alignment or movement of the eyes.

Q2. How does Dr. Stuart Keel recommend addressing the early signs of potential vision problems in children?

A. By increasing their time spent on indoor activities.

B. By using medicated eye drops regularly.

C. By giving them specific dietary supplements.

D. By having a comprehensive eye examination.

Q3. Which factor contributing to short-sightedness does Dr. Stuart Keel suggest is beyond control?

A. The intensity of near-work activities.

B. The genetic background of the child.

C. The amount of time spent outdoors.

D. The use of digital devices at an early age.

Q4. What is the primary concern Vismita Gupta-Smith raises regarding children's use of digital devices?

A. It is contributing to the trend of increased short-sightedness.

B. There is a lack of engaging digital content for children.

C. Children are spending less time interacting with peers.

D. Devices are replacing traditional forms of learning.

Q5. What does Dr. Stuart Keel say about the prescription of glasses in children with myopia or hyperopia?

A. It remains constant throughout childhood.

B. It should be frequently changed every month.

C. It typically needs updating every couple of years.

D. It doesn't need adjustment if the child has no complaints.

Q6. According to the discussion, what is suggested as a protective factor against the development of short-sightedness in children?

A. Constant indoor lighting exposure.

B. Wearing sunglasses while indoors.

C. Spending 90 minutes outdoors during daylight hours.

D. Continuous close-up activities like reading.

Q7. What is Dr. Stuart Keel's advice for parents to help protect their children's eyesight?

A. Encourage children to play video games to improve focus.

B. Ensure children spend ample time doing physical outdoor activities.

C. Increase children's screen time for educational purposes.

D. Visit an optometrist only when the child complains of vision issues.

Q8. What misconception about wearing glasses is addressed by Dr. Stuart Keel?

A. Wearing glasses can cause headaches.

B. Glasses should only be worn for reading.

C. Glasses prevent children from playing sports safely.

D. Wearing glasses may worsen the child's vision.

Q9. Why is the reason that outdoor playtime protects against short-sightedness uncertain, according to Dr. Stuart Keel?

A. The evidence supporting this claim is not reliable.

B. Children are not consistent with their outdoor activities.

C. The exact mechanisms of protection are not fully understood.

D. Parents do not accurately report their children’s outdoor playtime.

Q10. What is the main focus of Dr. Stuart Keel's interview with Vismita Gupta-Smith?

A. The importance of recognizing and addressing short-sightedness in children.

B. The necessity of proper hygiene to maintain children's eye health.

C. The risks associated with prolonged use of digital devices by kids.

D. The impact of genetics on the overall health of children.

Part II. TRANSCRIPT

Science in 5: How Can You Protect Your Child’s Vision?

Vismita Gupta-Smith: Did you know that more and more children are having trouble seeing things that are at a distance? What are the early signs? How would you know if your child is at risk? And what can you do to protect your child’s vision? Here to talk about it is Dr Stuart Keel. Welcome, Stuart. Let’s get started with the early signs that parents, teachers and grown-ups may be missing.

Dr Stuart Keel: (Q1) There might be some early signs of vision loss or vision impairment in children, and they may come in the form of eye rubbing, squinting, closing one eye to see more clearly. It may also be that your child is holding their reading material or devices extremely close to their eyes, or they’re moving closer to the TV to see more clearly. It may also come in the form of…of more general underperformance at school. (Q2) So if any of these signs are present, then we recommend that the child has a comprehensive eye examination to investigate further.

squint v. 瞇着眼睛看

Vismita Gupta-Smith: So Stuart, talk to us about the causes and risk factors for this increasing trend of short-sightedness amongst kids.

Dr Stuart Keel: I should first say that if you are short-sighted, then you’re certainly not alone. About 20% of the population or close to 2 billion people globally have short-sightedness. So there are a number of risk factors. (Q3) One of the risk factors, unfortunately, we don’t have control over and that is genetics. So if you have a mother or a father or both that have… are short-sighted, then you also… the child is more likely to be short-sighted. But the other group of risk factors are far more interesting and important for us to be aware of, and there’re lifestyle factors. So research now strongly shows that intensive near-work activities, so looking at devices for prolonged periods of time, looking at reading material for prolonged periods of time, and also reduced time spent outdoors are risk factors for the development and progression of short-sightedness.

prolonged adj. 持久的；长期的

Vismita Gupta-Smith: So kids get started really early with digital devices nowadays. Is that one of the reasons why we are seeing this trend, and what can parents do to protect their children’s vision?

Dr Stuart Keel: Yes, that is one of the contributions. But there are a number of things that parents can do. And the most important thing that parents can do is take their child to have a comprehensive eye examination, even if the child already has glasses. (Q5) The nature of…of short-sightedness and long- sightedness in childhood is that the prescription changes over time, so normally the glasses need to be updated every couple of years. Secondly, there are a number of things that parents can do or caregivers can do to protect their child’s sight from the development of short-sightedness. (Q6) And research shows us now that spending 90 minutes outdoors is a… is a protective factor during daylight hours for children developing myopia or short-sightedness. (Q7) So really encouraging your children to go outside and play is a key message. The second is reducing time spent on these near-activities, such as device use. And I know this is challenging in the current environment that we are. However, research also shows that this is a very strong risk factor for the development of short-sightedness. And the last one I would like to touch on is if your child wears spectacles, we should be encouraging the child to wear the spectacles as much as possible. (Q8) There is a common misconception out there that wearing spectacles may make your child’s vision worse. However, this is in fact not the case. And wearing the spectacles or glasses makes sure that the child is not straining to see clearly.

myopia n. 近视

spectacles n. 一副眼镜

misconception n. 错误认识；误解

Vismita Gupta-Smith: Stuart, let’s backtrack a little bit. Can you explain how kids playing outside in daylight protects them from developing short-sightedness?

backtrack v. 原路返回；倒回叙述

Dr Stuart Keel: So that’s a very good question. There is now very strong evidence that playing outside does protect a child’s eyesight from the development of short-sightedness. (Q9) However, the exact reason why is uncertain. One of the reasons is that more natural light entering the eye ensures that the child’s eye develops at a normal rate.

Vismita Gupta-Smith: That’s fascinating. Thank you very much, Stuart. There you have it. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then. Stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.

Part III. KEY

Q1. C。细节题。文章提到：“There may be some early signs of vision loss or vision impairment in children, and they may come in the form of eye rubbing, squinting, closing one eye to see more clearly.” 说明孩子们的视力丢失的早期迹象之一可能是揉眼睛或者眯眼来更清楚地看东西，因此答案为C。

Q2. D。细节题。文章提到：“So if any of these signs are present, then we recommend that the child has a comprehensive eye examination to investigate further.”若存在这些迹象，则推荐为孩子进行全面的眼部检查，因此答案为D。

Q3. B。细节题。文章提到：“One of the risk factors, unfortunately, we don’t have control over and that is genetics.” 我们无法控制的一个风险因素是遗传背景，因此答案为B。

Q4. A。推理题。文章提到：“Is that one of the reasons why we are seeing this trend…”意味着数字设备的使用是导致近视趋势增加的一个因素，因此答案为A。

Q5. C。细节题。文章提到：“...the prescription changes over time, so normally the glasses need to be updated every couple of years.” 解决方案随时间改变，通常需要每隔几年更新一次眼镜，因此答案为C。

Q6. C。细节题。文章提到：“...spending 90 minutes outdoors is a…is a protective factor during daylight hours for children developing myopia or short-sightedness.”在日间户外活动90分钟对预防孩子近视有保护作用，因此答案为C。

Q7. B。推理题。文章提到：“...really encouraging your children to go outside and play is a key message.” 真正鼓励你的孩子去外面玩是一个关键，意指父母应确保孩子花充足的时间进行户外体育活动，因此答案为B。

Q8. D。细节题。文章提到：“There is a common misconception out there that wearing spectacles may make your child’s vision worse.” 存在一个普遍的误解是认为戴眼镜可能会使孩子的视力变差，因此答案为D。

Q9. C。细节题。文章提到：“However, the exact reason why is uncertain.”然而，确切的原因是不确定的，表明户外游戏时间对防止近视的具体保护机制还没有完全被理解，因此答案为C。

Q10. A。主旨题。整篇文章关注的是如何识别和处理儿童近视的重要性，因此答案为A。

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