学术写作：如何写“研究方法”
How to Write the METHODS
刘立军 供稿
TRANSCRIPT
The Methods section describes everything that was done in a study. You should include enough detail that another researcher could read that section and completely replicate your research. Most Methods sections include at least four types of information.
Number one, participants or subjects. Who participated in your study? Were they college students, young children, or older adults? How many were there? How were they recruited? And did they receive anything in return for their participation? And do you have any demographic information? The key here is to completely describe your sample.
Number two, design. What were the independent and dependent variables in the study? How were they defined? Was the independent variable measured within subjects or between subjects? And how is the dependent variable measured? You should clearly describe each of these details.
Number three, materials. What did your participants interact with? What were the materials? How did you get them? If you used a variety of materials, how many did you use? The key here is to clearly describe each of the materials you used so that someone else could easily replicate your design.
Number four, procedure. What did your participants do? You'll need to describe everything that happened in complete detail. This includes when and where the study took place, what happened and in what order, and any other information that would be needed to replicate your study.
Now, depending on the type of study you did, you may need to include even more information. This may seem challenging at first, but you can write almost any method section using this very simple procedure.
First, make a list of all of the different types of information that someone would need to replicate your work. Then fill out that list using complete sentences for each information type. Organize what you have into separate subheadings in APA style, and after that, the first draft of your method section is complete.
VOCABULARY
1. replicate v. to repeat or reproduce something exactly, typically referring to conducting the same study or experiment again to obtain similar results. 复制，重复实验
2. demographic n. relating to the characteristics of a particular group of people, such as age, gender, education level, etc. 人口统计学的，人口特征的
3. variable n. a factor or element that can vary or change in an experiment or study. It is often manipulated or measured to determine its effect on the outcome. 变量
QUESTIONS
Listen to the lecture and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. What is the first type of information mentioned in the "Methods" section?
A. Design.
B. Procedure.
C. Participants or subjects.
D. Materials.
2. What kind of information does the "Participants or Subjects" category cover?
A. The recruitment process and demographics of participants.
B. The characteristics of the independent variable.
C. The materials used in the research.
D. The chronological order of events in the research.
3. What is the last type of information mentioned in the "Methods" section?
A. Design.
B. Procedure.
C. Participants or subjects.
D. Materials.
4. How does the speaker suggest you should present each type of information?
A. By giving a brief overview.
B. In complete sentences.
C. With infographics.
D. Using bullet points.
5. What can be inferred about the procedure of writing a "Methods" section according to the passage?
A. It's a complicated and difficult process.
B. It requires extensive prior experience.
C. It involves making a list and filling it out.
D. It mostly relies on personal style rather than structure.
KEY
1. What is the first type of information mentioned in the "Methods" section?
A. Design.
B. Procedure.
C. Participants or subjects.
D. Materials.
【答案】C
【解析】细节题。在文本第一段中，“参与者或研究对象”是研究方法部分提及的第一类信息，所以选C。
2. What kind of information does the "Participants or Subjects" category cover?
A. The recruitment process and demographics of participants.
B. The characteristics of the independent variable.
C. The materials used in the research.
D. The chronological order of events in the research.
【答案】A
【解析】细节题。根据文章的第二段：How were they recruited? ... And do you have any demographic information? “参与者或主体”的类别包括参与者的招募过程和人员统计信息等细节，所以答案选A。
3. What is the last type of information mentioned in the "Methods" section?
A. Design.
B. Procedure.
C. Participants or subjects.
D. Materials.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。在文本第五段中，“过程”是方法部分提及的最后一类信息，所以答案选B。
4. How does the speaker suggest you should present each type of information?
A. By giving a brief overview.
B. In complete sentences.
C. With infographics.
D. Using bullet points.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。根据文本最后一段内容：... Then fill out that list using complete sentences for each information type. 列出所有重复你的实验所需的不同类型的信息，然后用完整的句子填写该列表，所以答案选B。
5. What can be inferred about the procedure of writing a "Methods" section according to the passage?
A. It's a complicated and difficult process.
B. It requires extensive prior experience.
C. It involves making a list and filling it out.
D. It mostly relies on personal style rather than structure.
【答案】C
【解析】推理题。根据文章最后一段内容，写作“方法”部分的方式可以推断出：首先列出所有复制你工作所需的不同类型的信息，然后填写该列表，所以答案选C。
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