VOA慢速：ChatGPT如何帮助学生学习与防止作弊
How ChatGPT Can Help Students Learn, Prevent Cheating
刘立军 供稿
TRANSCRIPT
Some educators worry students may use ChatGPT to cheat on schoolwork. The AI tool could write reports and computer codes. It could create charts that look like those done by humans. A growing number of American school systems have since blocked ChatGPT on their computers and networks.
Kui Xie and Eric Anderman are professors of educational psychology and educational technology. In their research, they have found that the main reason students cheat is their desire to do better in school. For example, some students want to get a high grade, and others want to learn all that they can about a subject.
The decision to cheat or not, they say, often relates to how schoolwork and tests are built and graded. It is not as dependent on the availability of technology to make things easier. When students can rewrite a report or retake a test, if they do not do well at first, they are less likely to cheat.
Xie and Anderman recently explained in The Conversation how teachers can use ChatGPT to increase their students’ desire for learning and prevent cheating.
Here are their three ideas for doing that:
l Treat ChatGPT as a learning partner
The professors’ research shows that students are more likely to cheat when school assignments are designed in ways that push them to outperform their classmates. However, students are less likely to cheat when assignments lead them to work together and center on learning rather than getting a good grade.
Teachers can get students to treat ChatGPT as a learning partner. That can help teachers move their students away from competition and performance to teamwork and knowledge.
For example, a science teacher can assign students to work with ChatGPT to design a hydroponic vegetable garden. Students could use ChatGPT to discuss the growing requirements for vegetables and think of design ideas for a hydroponic system.
These activities are designed to improve knowledge rather than just earning a good grade.
l Use ChatGPT to improve confidence
Research shows that when students feel confident they can successfully do the work, they are less likely to cheat. An important way to improve students’ confidence is to provide them with many ways to be successful.
ChatGPT can provide those experiences by offering students individualized support and breaking down complex problems into smaller tasks.
Perhaps, students are asked to design a vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project could use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into smaller tasks. ChatGPT could suggest they first develop an overall idea for the vehicle before deciding the size of the car or what kind of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps from other sources.
l Have ChatGPT give supportive feedback
Research shows personalized feedback can improve students’ self-confidence.
ChatGPT can be directed to deliver feedback using cheerful language. If a student does something incorrectly, ChatGPT may start a conversation with the student instead of just telling them they are wrong.
Here is a real conversation from ChatGPT: "Your answer is not correct, but it’s completely normal to encounter occasional errors. Don’t be discouraged by this small setback; you’re on the right track! I’m here to support you and answer any questions you may have. You’re doing great!"
This will help students feel supported and understood while receiving feedback for improvement. Teachers can easily show students how to direct ChatGPT to provide them with such feedback.
I’m Dan Novak.
VOCABULARY
1. hydroponic adj. 溶液培养的
2. setback n. a difficulty or problem that delays or prevents sth., or makes a situation worse 挫折；阻碍。例如：The team suffered a major setback when their best player was injured. 最优秀的队员受了伤，使得这支队伍的实力大打折扣。
QUESTIONS
Listen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. According to the passage, what is the main reason that students cheat according to Kui Xie and Eric Anderman’s research?
A. They want to use technology like ChatGPT.
B. They desire to do better in school.
C. Teachers are not using ChatGPT effectively.
D. They lack opportunities to rewrite a report or retake a test.
2. According to the professors’ research, what type of assignments are less likely to lead students to cheat?
A. Assignments that emphasize competition and performance.
B. Assignments that focus on getting a good grade.
C. Assignments that encourage teamwork and knowledge.
D. Assignments that involve ChatGPT as a learning partner.
3. Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?
A. Students who feel confident are more likely to cheat.
B. Comparing the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps from other sources helps improve students’ confidence.
C. ChatGPT can design a vehicle that uses gasoline more efficiently than a traditional car.
D. Providing students with multiple ways to succeed improves their confidence.
4. How can personalized feedback delivered by ChatGPT help improve students’ self-confidence?
A. By using cheerful language and starting a conversation.
B. By telling students they are wrong in a polite manner.
C. By focusing on the mistakes made by students.
D. By providing generic feedback without any personalization.
KEY
1. According to the passage, what is the main reason that students cheat according to Kui Xie and Eric Anderman’s research?
A. They want to use technology like ChatGPT.
B. They desire to do better in school.
C. Teachers are not using ChatGPT effectively.
D. They lack opportunities to rewrite a report or retake a test.
【答案】B
【解析】细节题。根据段落，Kui Xie和Eric Anderman的研究表明，学生作弊的主要原因是他们希望在学校做得更好。选项B最符合。
2. According to the professors’ research, what type of assignments are less likely to lead students to cheat?
A. Assignments that emphasize competition and performance.
B. Assignments that focus on getting a good grade.
C. Assignments that encourage teamwork and knowledge.
D. Assignments that involve ChatGPT as a learning partner.
【答案】C
【解析】细节题。根据文章，研究表明，当学校的作业设计使学生想要超越同学时，学生更容易作弊。然而，当作业能促进学生一起合作，并侧重于学习而不是取得好成绩时，学生更不太可能作弊。因此，鼓励团队合作和知识的作业类型较少导致学生作弊。因此，选项C是正确答案。
3. Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?
A. Students who feel confident are more likely to cheat.
B. Comparing the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps from other sources helps improve students’ confidence.
C. ChatGPT can design a vehicle that uses gasoline more efficiently than a traditional car.
D. Providing students with multiple ways to succeed improves their confidence.
【答案】D
【解析】细节题。文章中提到：“研究表明，当学生有信心能够成功完成任务时，他们不太可能作弊”，并且还提到“提高学生自信心的一个重要方法是为他们提供多种成功的途径”。选项D准确反映了这一信息。
4. How can personalized feedback delivered by ChatGPT help improve students’ self-confidence?
A. By using cheerful language and starting a conversation.
B. By telling students they are wrong in a polite manner.
C. By focusing on the mistakes made by students.
D. By providing generic feedback without any personalization.
【答案】A
【解析】细节题。根据文章中的描述，ChatGPT可以使用愉快的语言并开始一段对话，以提供个性化的反馈。这种方法帮助学生感到受到支持和理解，从而提高了他们的自信心。
（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）