如何保护儿童免受暴力伤害
How can you protect children from violence?
刘立军 供稿
TRANSCRIPT
Vismita Gupta-Smith
WHO recently launched two reports on violence against children, including online violence. We are going to talk today about how to recognize the signs of violence and how to prevent it. Hello and welcome to Science in 5. I'm Vismita Gupta-Smith. We are talking to Sabine Rakotomalala. Welcome, Sabine. Talk to us about violence against children. What do we mean when we say that?
Sabine Rakotomalala
The numbers around violence against children are shocking and unacceptable. We know today that one in every two children aged 2 to 17 have suffered from sexual violence or physical violence or emotional violence in the past year. That's 1 out of every 2 children in the world. We also know that 1 out of five girls is sexually abused before the age of 18, and 1 out of 13 boys is sexually abused before the age of 18.
Again, these numbers are shocking and unacceptable. So the physical impacts such as deaths and injuries are terrible. However, there's also lifelong consequences that come with violence in childhood. We know that children that have suffered violence will suffer from more mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts. These children also are more at risk of engaging in risky behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, unsafe sex.
These, in turn, lead to non-communicable diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases. And we also know that children that suffered violence in childhood are more likely to become perpetrators of violence later in life.
Vismita Gupta-Smith
Sabine, can you talk to us about online violence?
Sabine Rakotomalala
So online violence is a real problem. And when we look at online violence, we're really looking at cyberbullying and sexual violence online. There are a number of important initiatives today collecting data about this global online problem. However, there are two important myths that need to be clarified. The first one is that violence is committed by strangers, otherwise known as "stranger danger". In fact, we know that most of the online cyberbullying is happening by peers, acquaintances, family members.
So, these are the situations that we have to look out for. The second myth that needs to be clarified is that online violence is a problem on its own. In fact, in most cases, it's linked to face to face violence happening in real life. So, for example, cyberbullying in three quarters of the cases is also linked to bullying happening in the playground or in the community. Or children that are sexting are often in abusive relationship with intimate partners.
Vismita Gupta-Smith
Sabine, if 1 in 2 children is suffering from violence, then it's happening all around us. How can we recognize the signs of this violence?
Sabine Rakotomalala
Common signs that may indicate child abuse include, for example, unexplained injuries, fractures or burns. Children's behavior that changes, for example, becoming very withdrawn and socially isolated or becoming very aggressive and violent. We also see children suddenly changing their hygiene. So poor hygiene, children having a decrease in academic performance. And also, of course, young children below the age of 12 that are suddenly carrying sexually transmitted diseases.
It's important to note that these signs on their own are not definite signs of child abuse. However, if you do have these concerns, please do report them to health workers, social workers or your school workers.
Vismita Gupta-Smith
Sabine, talked to us about how teachers, neighbors, grownups in the community can prevent this.
Sabine Rakotomalala
So, for parents, caregivers, teachers, really anyone who's in contact with children, protecting them should be a top priority. Myself, I'm a parent of three children they're aged 16, 14 and 10, and I follow four key pieces of evidence based advice. The first one is open communication with your children. If you can establish that open communication the day that your child is suffering from something, he or she will be more likely to come to you.
The second one is establishing clear rules. This includes, for example, curfews, structuring your day, but more importantly, knowing always where your child is in terms of the rules. Thirdly, teaching your children about consent and personal body safety. This is important at all ages: 4 years old, 8 years old, 10 years old, 18 years old. And lastly, actively participating in your child's life. Again, if you're involved in your child's life, you will know when he or she is changing his or her behavior and is possibly showing signs of trouble.
Vismita Gupta-Smith
So, to summarize, the way we can keep our children safe is through education, vigilance, communication and having a strong relationship with them. Thank you very much Sabine. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time then. Bye bye.
VOCABULARY
1. suicidal adj. people who are suicidal feel that they want to kill themselves 想自杀的；有自杀倾向的
2. cardiovascular adj. (medical 医) connected with the heart and the blood vessels (= the tubes that carry blood around the body) 心血管的
3. perpetrator n. a person who commits a crime or does sth. that is wrong or evil 作恶者；行凶者；犯罪者
4. sexting n. 用手机发送色情照片或色情短信
5. curfew n. (North American English) a time when children must be home in the evening 儿童晚间必须在家的时间
6. consent n. permission to do sth., especially given by sb. in authority 同意；准许；允许
7. vigilance n. 警觉; 警惕
QUESTIONS
Listen to the talk and choose the best answer to each question you hear.
1. What is the current situation of violence against children according to the report mentioned in the conversation?
A) One in every three children aged 2 to 17 have suffered from violence in the past year.
B) One in every two children aged 2 to 17 have suffered from violence in the past year.
C) One in every five girls is sexually abused before the age of 18.
D) One out of every 13 boys is physically abused before the age of 18.
2. What are the consequences of violence in childhood according to the conversation?
A) Children who have suffered violence will suffer from more mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts.
B) Children who have suffered violence are less likely to engage in risky behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, unsafe sex.
C) Children who have suffered violence are less likely to develop non-communicable diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
D) Children who have suffered violence are less likely to become perpetrators of violence later in life.
3. What are the two important myths that need to be clarified about online violence according to the conversation?
A) Violence is committed by strangers, and online violence is not linked to face-to-face violence.
B) Violence is committed by strangers, and online violence is a problem on its own.
C) Violence is committed by peers, acquaintances, and family members, and online violence is not linked to face-to-face violence.
D) Violence is committed by peers, acquaintances, and family members, and online violence is a problem on its own.
4. What are some common signs that may indicate child abuse according to the conversation?
A) Children's behavior that changes, becoming more outgoing and sociable.
B) Children's behavior that changes, becoming very withdrawn and socially isolated or becoming very aggressive and violent.
C) Children suddenly become more interested in their personal hygiene.
D) Children suddenly start performing better academically.
5. What are the four key pieces of evidence-based advice for protecting children according to the conversation?
A) Establishing curfews, teaching children about consent, monitoring their academic performance, and actively participating in their life.
B) Open communication, establishing clear rules, teaching children about consent and personal body safety, and actively participating in their life.
C) Providing children with more freedom, monitoring their social media use, teaching them self-defense, and establishing clear punishments.
D) Encouraging children to be independent, giving them more privacy, monitoring their friends, and establishing clear boundaries.
KEY
1. What is the current situation of violence against children according to the report mentioned in the conversation?
A) One in every three children aged 2 to 17 have suffered from violence in the past year.
B) One in every two children aged 2 to 17 have suffered from violence in the past year.
C) One in every five girls is sexually abused before the age of 18.
D) One out of every 13 boys is physically abused before the age of 18.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一道细节题，答案直接出现在对话中。对话中提到，根据报告，全球每2个2到17岁的儿童中就有1个曾经遭受过性暴力、身体暴力或情感暴力，因此选项B是正确的。
2. What are the consequences of violence in childhood according to the conversation?
A) Children who have suffered violence will suffer from more mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts.
B) Children who have suffered violence are less likely to engage in risky behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug consumption, unsafe sex.
C) Children who have suffered violence are less likely to develop non-communicable diseases such as cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
D) Children who have suffered violence are less likely to become perpetrators of violence later in life.
【答案】A
【解析】这是一道推理题，对话中提到，儿童暴力的后果不仅仅是身体上的伤害，还有终身的后果。对话中提到，遭受暴力的儿童更容易患上心理健康障碍，如抑郁、焦虑、自杀倾向等，因此选项A是正确的。
3. What are the two important myths that need to be clarified about online violence according to the conversation?
A) Violence is committed by strangers, and online violence is not linked to face-to-face violence.
B) Violence is committed by strangers, and online violence is a problem on its own.
C) Violence is committed by peers, acquaintances, and family members, and online violence is not linked to face-to-face violence.
D) Violence is committed by peers, acquaintances, and family members, and online violence is a problem on its own.
【答案】D
【解析】这是一道推理题，对话中提到了两个关于网络暴力的重要误解。第一个误解是暴力是由陌生人犯下的，即所谓的“陌生人危险”。实际上，我们知道大多数网络欺凌是由同龄人、熟人、家庭成员犯下的。第二个误解是认为网络暴力是一个独立的问题。实际上，在大多数情况下，它与现实中发生的面对面暴力有关。因此，选项D是正确的。
4. What are some common signs that may indicate child abuse according to the conversation?
A) Children's behavior that changes, becoming more outgoing and sociable.
B) Children's behavior that changes, becoming very withdrawn and socially isolated or becoming very aggressive and violent.
C) Children suddenly become more interested in their personal hygiene.
D) Children suddenly start performing better academically.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一道细节题，对话中提到了一些可能表明儿童遭受虐待的常见迹象，包括未经解释的伤害、骨折或烧伤，儿童行为发生变化，变得非常孤僻和社交障碍或变得非常攻击性和暴力，以及儿童突然改变卫生习惯。因此，选项B是正确的。
5. What are the four key pieces of evidence-based advice for protecting children according to the conversation?
A) Establishing curfews, teaching children about consent, monitoring their academic performance, and actively participating in their life.
B) Open communication, establishing clear rules, teaching children about consent and personal body safety, and actively participating in their life.
C) Providing children with more freedom, monitoring their social media use, teaching them self-defense, and establishing clear punishments.
D) Encouraging children to be independent, giving them more privacy, monitoring their friends, and establishing clear boundaries.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一道细节题，对话中提到了四个关键的建议，包括与孩子建立开放的沟通、建立清晰的规则、教授孩子关于同意和个人身体安全的知识，以及积极参与孩子的生活。因此，选项B是正确的。
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