燕山大学 刘立军 编写

This is Scientific American - 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

"Almost all the speeches I give on global health are about the incredible progress and exciting new tools that are helping the world reduce child mortality and tackle infectious diseases."

Bill Gates, earlier today, April 27th, at a symposium in Boston called Epidemics Going Viral: Innovation vs. Nature, put together by the Massachusetts Medical Society and The New England Journal of Medicine. 

"There's one area, though, where the world isn't making much progress. And the story is actually quite a negative one if we don't get serious about it. And that's pandemic preparedness. It should concern us all, because history has taught us there will be another deadly global pandemic."

This year is the 100th anniversary of the pandemic flu that is estimated to have infected a half billion people and killed between 50 and 100 million. And a pandemic flu remains a serious threat. We currently have to create a new, seasonal vaccine annually, based on a best estimate of the specifics of the upcoming flu. So, one goal has long been to create a vaccine against all variations of the flu virus.

"Today we're launching a $12 million Grand Challenge, in partnership with the Page family, to accelerate the development of a universal flu vaccine. The goal is to encourage bold thinking by the world's best scientists across disciplines, including those new to the field. Lucy and Larry Page are also supporting efforts by the Sabin Vaccine Institute to encourage innovative approaches that eliminate the threat of a deadly flu pandemic."

Larry Page is one of the founders of Google. Of course, flu is not the only threat out there.

"The next threat may not be flu at all. More than likely it will be an unknown pathogen that we see for the first time during an outbreak. As was the case with SARS, MERS and other recently discovered infectious diseases."

And vaccines are not enough.

"So, we need to invest in other approaches, like antiviral drugs or antibody therapies that can be stockpiled or rapidly manufactured to stop the spread of the disease or treat people who've been exposed. We need a clear roadmap for a comprehensive pandemic preparedness and response system. This is important because lives, in numbers too great to comprehend, depend on it."

For Scientific American - 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

Adapted from http://www.kekenet.com/broadcast/201810/567299.shtml

1. mortality n. (不可数名词) the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time 死亡数量；死亡率。例如：

 the infant mortality rate (= the number of babies that die at or just after birth) 婴儿死亡率

 Mortality from lung cancer is still increasing. 死于肺癌的人数仍在上升。

2. infectious adj. an infectious disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through the air they breathe 传染性的，感染的（尤指通过呼吸）。例如：

 Flu is highly infectious. 流感的传染性很高。

 (figurative) infectious laughter富有感染力的笑声

3. symposium n. a meeting at which experts have discussions about a particular subject; a small conference 专题讨论会；研讨会；小型讨论会

4. pandemic n. a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world （全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病

5. in partnership with 与…合作

6. pathogen n. (technical 术语) a thing that causes disease 病原体

7. antiviral adj. (of a drug 药) used to treat infectious diseases caused by a virus 抗病毒的

8. antibody n. a substance that the body produces in the blood to fight disease, or as a reaction when certain substances are put into the body 抗体（血液中抵抗疾病或当某些物质进入身体时产生反应的物质）

1. Almost all the speeches I give on global health are about the incredible progress and exciting new tools that are helping the world (Q1) ______________ and (Q2) ___________________. 

2. There's one area, though, where the world isn't making much progress. And the story is actually quite a negative one if we don't get serious about it. And that's (Q3) _____________________. It should concern us all, because history has taught us there will be another (Q4) _________ global pandemic.

3. Today we're launching a $12 million Grand Challenge, in partnership with the Page family, to accelerate the development of (Q5) __________________________________. The goal is to (Q6) ___________________________ by the world's best scientists across disciplines, including those new to the field. Lucy and Larry Page are also supporting efforts by the Sabin Vaccine Institute to encourage innovative approaches that (Q7) ______________ the threat of a deadly flu pandemic.

4. The next threat may not be flu at all. More than likely it will be an unknown pathogen that we see for the first time during an (Q8) ________________. As was the case with SARS, MERS and other recently discovered infectious diseases.

5. So, we need to invest in other approaches, like antiviral drugs or antibody therapies that can be stockpiled or rapidly manufactured to (Q9) _________________________ or treat people who've been exposed. We need a clear roadmap for a comprehensive pandemic preparedness and (Q10) _________________________. This is important because lives, in numbers too great to comprehend, depend on it.

1. Almost all the speeches I give on global health are about the incredible progress and exciting new tools that are helping the world (Q1) reduce child mortality and (Q2) tackle infectious diseases. 

2. There's one area, though, where the world isn't making much progress. And the story is actually quite a negative one if we don't get serious about it. And that's (Q3) pandemic preparedness. It should concern us all, because history has taught us there will be another (Q4) deadly global pandemic.

3. Today we're launching a $12 million Grand Challenge, in partnership with the Page family, to accelerate the development of (Q5) a universal flu vaccine. The goal is to (Q6) encourage bold thinking by the world's best scientists across disciplines, including those new to the field. Lucy and Larry Page are also supporting efforts by the Sabin Vaccine Institute to encourage innovative approaches that (Q7) eliminate the threat of a deadly flu pandemic.

4. The next threat may not be flu at all. More than likely it will be an unknown pathogen that we see for the first time during an (Q8) outbreak. As was the case with SARS, MERS and other recently discovered infectious diseases.

5. So, we need to invest in other approaches, like antiviral drugs or antibody therapies that can be stockpiled or rapidly manufactured to (Q9) stop the spread of the disease or treat people who've been exposed. We need a clear roadmap for a comprehensive pandemic preparedness and (Q10) response system. This is important because lives, in numbers too great to comprehend, depend on it.