WHO Wants to Remove Trans Fats from Food

From VOA Learning English, this is the
Health & Lifestyle report.

There may be something in your food that
you cannot see and cannot taste. But it could be killing you.

It is an artificial oil commonly called
trans fat.

"Trans fat is a toxic chemical that
has been added to our food supply and accounts for an estimated more than
500,000 deaths every year."

That is Dr. Tom Frieden. He is head of the
public health organization Resolve to Save Lives. He was the director of the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States from 2009 to
2017.

On Monday, the World Health Organization
(WHO) announced a plan to help countries remove trans fats from the world’s
food supply within the next five years.

Frieden says the move is unprecedented.

“This is the first time there has ever been
an elimination program to get rid of -- not an infectious disease like polio or
small pox -- but a non-communicable disease, in this case the risk factor for
heart attacks that trans fat causes. This is an unprecedented move. And it’s
really important that government and communities around the world replace
artificial trans fats with healthier oils.”

What is artificial trans fat?

Artificial trans fat is made by adding
hydrogen to vegetable oil. Food makers use this low-priced oil so food will
stay fresh longer.

“Although trans fats extend the shelf life
of food, we think the priority should be the length and health of human life.
That’s more important than the shelf life of food. There are alternatives to
industrially produced trans fats.”

Trans fat can be found in foods such as
donuts, cakes, cookies and deep-fried foods. Baked goods that sit on grocery
shelves for many months but still remain soft and moist usually contain trans
fat. This is because the oil remains solid at room temperature. And Frieden
says this is why it is dangerous to eat.

"Trans fat is tasteless. It's solid at
room temperature, but it's also solid at body temperature in your coronary
arteries."

Studies have found that trans fat raises
cholesterol levels in the blood and increases the risk of heart disease.

High-income countries have either banned
these artificial fats or are in the process of banning them because of their
connection to heart disease. The Associated Press news agency says more than 40
high-income countries have been working on eliminating trans fats from foods.

Denmark banned trans fats in their food 15
years ago. In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has called for
food makers to stop using it by June 2018.

The World Health Organization is urging
governments of low- and middle-income countries to do the same. Experts at the
WHO say that three-quarters of the world's deaths from cardiovascular disease
happen in low- and middle-income countries.

Where trans fats have been banned, heart
attacks and deaths from heart disease have dropped greatly.

The WHO plan calls on governments to take
specific steps. They include replacing trans fats with healthier oils such as
olive oil, creating public awareness of the harms of trans fats, and enforcing
anti-trans fat policies and laws.

If people stop eating products made with
trans fats, more than 17 million lives could be saved over the next 25 years.
Also a major source of heart disease will be eliminated.

And that’s the Health and Lifestyle report.
I’m Anna Matteo.

Carol Pearson reported this story for VOA
News in Washington. Anna Matteo adapted it for Learning English with additional
reporting from the AP. Hai Do was the editor.

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Words in This Story

artificial – adj. not natural or real :
made, produced, or done to seem like something natural

toxic – adj. containing poisonous
substances

account – v. to give a reason or
explanation for (something)

unprecedented – adj. not done or
experienced before

elimination – n. the act or process of
removing something or someone : eliminate – v. to remove (something that is not
wanted or needed) : to get rid of (something)

noncommunicable – adj. Noncommunicable
diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to
person. They are of long duration and generally slow progression. The four main
types of noncommunicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases (like heart
attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic
obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma) and diabetes.

hydrogen – n. a chemical element that has
no color or smell and that is the simplest, lightest, and most common element

shelf life – n. the length of time that
food may be stored and still be good to eat

priority – n. something that is more
important than other things and that needs to be done or dealt with first

coronary – medical of or relating to the
heart and especially to the vessels that supply blood to the heart

cardiovascular – medical : of or relating
to the heart and blood vessels

specific – adj. clearly and exactly
presented or stated : precise or exact