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练习 | 科学美国人:贫穷使人减寿

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科学美国人：贫穷使人减寿。

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科学美国人60秒：贫穷使人减寿

燕山大学刘立军宋葳编写

◆TRANSCRIPT

This is Scientific Americans - 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

Back in 2011 member countries of the World Health Organization, the WHO, came up with a plan to cut mortality from noncommunicable diseases 25 percent by the year 2025. The program was thus called the 25 by 25 Initiative. And it identified various health risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle. What the Initiative did not include as a risk factor for poor health was poverty.

An international team of researchers thus decided to look at poverty as a possible driver of noncommunicable illness. They pored over data from 48 previously published studies that included socioeconomic information. Together these studies included some 1.75 million subjects from seven high-income countries in the WHO. And the research team found that being poor was more dangerous than obesity or high alcohol intake. The study is in the journal The Lancet.

The results were reported in terms of years of life lost between the ages of 40 and 85. Being a current smoker was associated with 4.8 years of lost life, diabetes with 3.9 years and physical inactivity with 2.4 years. Being of low socioeconomic status was almost as bad as inactivity, with 2.1 years of lost life. High blood pressure only accounted for 1.6 years lost and high alcohol intake was good for - or bad for - 0.5 years gone.

Because of these findings, the researchers wrote that the results "suggest that socioeconomic circumstances should be treated as a target for local and global health strategies, health risk surveillance, interventions, and policy." In other words, part of treating disease is treating poverty.
For Scientific Americans - 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

Adapted from 贫穷使人减寿

◆VOCABULARY

1. mortality n. the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time 死亡数量；死亡率。例如：
○the infant mortality rate (= the number of babies that die at or just after birth) 婴儿死亡率
○Mortality from lung cancer is still increasing. 死于肺癌的人数仍在上升。

2. noncommunicable adj. (of disease) not capable of being passed on不会传染的

3. surveillance n. the act of carefully watching a person suspected of a crime or a place where a crime may be committed （对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的）监视。例如：
○The police are keeping the suspects under constant surveillance . 警方正对嫌疑人实施不间断监视。
○surveillance cameras/equipment监视摄像机 / 设备

◆QUESTIONS
Listen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.

1.Which factor was not included as a risk factor for poor health in the 25 by 25 Initiative?
A. Poverty.
B. Smoking.
C. High blood pressure.
D. A sedentary lifestyle.

2.According to the research team, being poor was more dangerous than ________________________.
A. being a current smoker
B. obesity or high alcohol intake
C. diabetes
D. physical inactivity

3.What is the finding of the researchers in treating disease?
A. Part of treating disease is treating obesity.
B. Part of treating disease is treating physical inactivity.
C. Part of treating disease is treating diabetes.
D. Part of treating disease is treating poverty.

◆KEY

1.A 命题根据：The program was thus called the 25 by 25 Initiative. And it identified various health risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and a sedentary lifestyle. What the Initiative did not include as a risk factor for poor health was poverty.
2.B 命题根据：And the research team found that being poor was more dangerous than obesity or high alcohol intake.
3.D 命题根据：In other words, part of treating disease is treating poverty.

时长：2.1分钟

语速：154wpm

来源：刘立军、宋葳 2017-09-15

练习 | 科学美国人:贫穷使人减寿

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