全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2（思政智慧版）

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程3

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程3的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 早上洗澡还是晚上洗澡：哪一个最好？

Morning shower or evening shower: Which is best? 早上洗澡还是晚上洗澡：哪一个最好？常速 | 四级 偏易 | 408词 | 3min4s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to microbiologist Primrose Freestone, what is a benefit of showering in the morning?A. It removes bacteria from bed sheets.B. It stops you shedding dead skin cells.C. It helps improve sleep quality.D. It eliminates allergens picked up during the day.Q2. What does Nancy Rothstein suggest about evening showers?A. They are necessary to remove pollen and dust.B. They are essential for preparing for bed.C. They are less effective than morning showers.D. They help maintain skin cleanliness during sleep.Q3. According to the text, what can nighttime warm showers improve?A. Skin hydration.B. Body awareness.C. Sleep quality.D. Morning freshness.Q4. What can be inferred about the choice between morning and evening showers?A. It depends on personal preference and lifestyle.B. Morning showers are scientifically proven to be better.C. Evening showers are more beneficial for physical health.D. The choice is irrelevant to maintaining cleanliness.Q5. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To explain the health benefits of evening showers.B. To discuss the impact of showering on sleep quality.C. To highlight the importance of showering daily.D. To compare the advantages of morning and evening showers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTMorning shower or evening shower: Which is best? Do you need an energizing blast of water in the morning to wake you up for the day? Or do you prefer a relaxing, warm shower in the evening to help you wind down as part of your nighttime routine? Maybe you just shower whenever you feel like it. For something so many of us do, this topic is bound to divide opinion and stir up passion from both sides. But is one really better than the other?After a long day in the outside world, picking up pollutants and allergens on your skin and in your hair such as dust and pollen, a reasonable instinct would be to wash it all off before getting into bed. That’s what the evening shower enthusiasts would say. But, says microbiologist Primrose Freestone, no matter the air temperature, you will continue to sweat during the night. Bacteria on your skin then eat the nutrients in your sweat which is what causes BO. Showering at night also doesn’t stop you shedding dead skin cells. All this means you may not wake up feeling as fresh as you had hoped. [Q1] Showering in the morning, on the other hand, can help to remove dead skin cells, sweat or any bacteria you’ve picked up from your bed sheets. “As a microbiologist, I am a day shower advocate,” she says.allergens n. 过敏原pollen n. 花粉nutrient n. 营养物质microbiologist n. 微生物学家BO (body odor) 汗臭，体臭But it’s not all about cleanliness. Nancy Rothstein, who calls herself The Sleep Ambassador, is concerned with sleep quality. (Q2) In her view, showering in the evening is an essential part of the ‘preparing for bed’ routine. “Call it an opportunity to shower yourself with mindfulness,” she says. And research backs this up. (Q3) A systematic review of research published in Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2019 found nightly warm showering or bathing one to two hours before bedtime can improve sleep.(Q4) What it all boils down to is when you would like to feel freshest. If you’re someone who can’t fully relax in bed until you’ve showered, you’re likely an evening shower person. Whereas, if you can’t stand the idea of putting on fresh, clean clothes in the morning when you haven’t showered, then a morning rinse is probably more your style. Whenever you choose to shower, Primrose Freestone says it’s important to clean your bed sheets regularly to remove all the sweat, bacteria and dead skin cells that build up and can negatively affect the effectiveness of your showers.rinse n. 冲洗Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：Showering in the morning, on the other hand, can help to remove dead skin cells, sweat or any bacteria you’ve picked up from your bed sheets. 意为：早上洗澡可以帮助去除床单上的死皮细胞、汗液或任何细菌。正确答案为A。Q2.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：In her view, showering in the evening is an essential part of the ‘preparing for bed’ routine. 意为：在她看来，晚上洗澡是“准备就寝”过程中必不可少的一环。正确答案为B。Q3.【答案】C【解析】细节题。题目出处：A systematic review of research published in Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2019 found nightly warm showering or bathing one to two hours before bedtime can improve sleep. 意为：2019年发表在《睡眠医学评论》上的一项系统性研究发现，每晚在睡前一到两个小时进行温水淋浴或沐浴可以改善睡眠。正确答案为C。Q4.【答案】A【解析】推理题。题目出处：What it all boils down to is when you would like to feel freshest. 意为：归根结底，这取决于你想在什么时候感觉最清爽。由此可以推断，选择早上或晚上洗澡取决于个人偏好和生活方式，因此正确答案为A。Q5.【答案】D【解析】主旨题。整篇文章主要讨论了早上洗澡和晚上洗澡的优缺点，并比较了它们的不同效果。因此正确答案为D。 （本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

教学素材 | 办公椅臀：克利夫兰诊所专家教你如何预防

办公椅臀：克利夫兰诊所专家教你如何预防Office Chair Butt: Cleveland Clinic Experts on How to Prevent It 六级 | 偏易刘立军供稿You probably know the feeling: after sitting at your desk for hours, your backside feels numb, your lower back is stiff, and your favorite jeans might even be fitting…a little differently. On social media, this modern desk-job woe has earned a name: office chair butt. 你可能对这种感觉再熟悉不过：在办公桌前一坐就是几个小时，臀部发麻、下背僵硬，就连最喜欢的牛仔裤穿起来似乎也……有点不一样了。在社交媒体上，这种现代上班族的常见困扰被戏称为“办公椅臀”。 Although it’s not a formal medical term, it describes a real phenomenon. Sitting for long stretches, especially without proper posture or regular movement, can subtly change the way your body feels and looks. The upside? With a few simple habits, you can prevent these changes and keep your glutes in good shape. 虽然“办公椅臀”并非正式的医学术语，但它确实描述了一种真实存在的现象。长时间久坐——尤其是姿势不对或缺乏规律活动——会悄然改变你身体的感受和姿态。好消息是：只需养成几个简单习惯，就能有效预防这些变化，让臀部保持健康紧实的状态。 Ahead, we’ll explore what causes office chair butt and share simple ways to treat and prevent it, with expert guidance from Cleveland Clinic occupational therapist Michael Milicia, OT. 下文将结合克利夫兰诊所职业治疗师迈克尔·米利西亚的专业建议，深入解析“办公椅臀”的成因，并分享实用的治疗与预防方法。What office chair butt means 什么是“办公椅臀”Office chair butt isn’t an official medical diagnosis, but it is a way to describe a real side effect of our sedentary lifestyles: the weakening and flattening of the gluteal muscles caused by too much sitting. According to the Cleveland Clinic, long hours spent parked in a chair can lead to gluteal muscle atrophy, which is when your muscles start to shrink, soften, and lose their shape. “办公椅臀”不是一个正式的医学诊断，却是对我们久坐生活方式的一种真实写照：因久坐导致臀部肌肉变弱、扁平。据克利夫兰诊所介绍，长时间坐在椅子上可能导致臀肌萎缩，即肌肉开始缩小、变软、失去原有形状。Your gluteal muscles, especially the gluteus maximus, are among the largest and most important muscles in your body. They help stabilize your pelvis, support good posture, and power everyday movements like walking, climbing stairs, and even standing upright. “A lack of conditioning in your gluteus maximus and surrounding tissue leads to weakness, making it build up fat tissue and appear flatter or saggy,” explains Milicia in the Cleveland Clinic’s Health Essentials blog. 臀部肌肉，尤其是臀大肌，是人体最大、最重要的肌群之一。它们不仅帮助稳定骨盆、维持良好体态，还为日常活动提供动力，比如走路、爬楼梯，甚至只是站直身体。“如果臀大肌及其周围组织缺乏锻炼，就会变得无力，进而堆积脂肪，看起来更扁平或松弛，”米利西亚在克利夫兰诊所的健康专栏《健康要闻》（Health Essentials）中解释道。Office chair butt usually isn’t something to panic about. But it is your body’s way of saying it needs more movement—and that’s worth taking seriously. If you’re experiencing pain, tingling, or ongoing discomfort, it’s a good idea to check in with your doctor to rule out any other underlying issues. 通常情况下，“办公椅臀”并不需要过度担忧，但它确实是身体在提醒你：该多动一动了——而这一点值得认真对待。如果你感到疼痛、刺痛或持续不适，建议及时就医，以排除其他潜在问题。What causes office chair butt “办公椅臀”的成因 According to the Cleveland Clinic, the muscle mass that gives your backside its shape is very much a use-it-or-lose-it situation. When your glutes aren’t engaged regularly—especially after hours of sitting—they start to weaken. As the muscle fades, fat can accumulate in its place. Since fat is softer and less structured than muscle, it doesn’t hold shape as well, which can lead to a flatter, less defined appearance. 克利夫兰诊所指出，塑造臀部线条的肌肉量完全遵循“用进废退”的原则。当你长时间久坐，臀肌得不到激活，便会逐渐退化。随着肌肉流失，脂肪便可能取而代之。由于脂肪比肌肉更柔软、结构更松散，无法维持紧致轮廓，最终导致臀部看起来更扁、缺乏线条感。 Sitting for extended periods also reduces circulation, which may contribute to tightness and stiffness, particularly in the lower back and hips. Over time, this lack of movement creates a cycle of discomfort and further muscle loss. 长时间坐着还会减少血液循环，可能引发下背部和髋部的紧绷与僵硬。久而久之，这种缺乏活动的状态会形成一个恶性循环：不适感加剧，肌肉进一步流失。 Posture matters, too. Slouching, leaning to one side, or perching on the edge of your chair puts extra strain on your glutes and lower back. Without proper support and alignment, those muscles stay inactive—and that leads to further weakening. 姿势同样至关重要。瘫坐，或是歪坐，或只坐在椅子边缘，都会给臀部和下背部带来额外压力。如果没有良好的支撑或坐直，这些肌肉会长时间处于“休眠”状态，从而加速退化。How to prevent office chair butt 如何预防“办公椅臀” Sitting for hours on end isn’t great for your body. “The key is to activate your glutes to offset that sitting as much as possible,” says Milicia. You don’t need a complete lifestyle overhaul to prevent or fix office chair butt. A few simple changes can make a big difference, and most of them are easy to start today. 长时间久坐对身体并不友好。“关键在于尽可能多地激活你的臀肌，以抵消久坐带来的负面影响，”米利西亚说道。要预防或改善“办公椅臀”，你并不需要彻底改变生活方式。只需做一些简单的调整，就能带来显著效果——而其中大多数方法，今天就能轻松开始。1. Take movement breaks every hour 每小时活动几次 Little bursts of movement throughout the day can go a long way. “Try to get up and move every 30 to 90 minutes, as your job allows,” Milicia recommends. Set a timer or reminder if you need to. Even short breaks—like walking to the kitchen or stretching at your desk—help keep your muscles engaged. 一天中穿插几次短暂的活动，就能带来显著益处。“尽量每30到90分钟起身活动一下，只要工作允许，”米利西亚建议道。如果容易忘记，不妨设个定时提醒。哪怕是短短几分钟的休息——比如去厨房倒杯水，或在工位旁做几个拉伸动作——都能有效激活肌肉，防止它们“沉睡”。Milicia also suggests making small, intentional choices to add more movement: take the stairs instead of the elevator, or use a bathroom that’s a bit farther from your desk. 米利西亚还鼓励大家有意识地做出一些微小选择，为日常增加更多活动量：比如改走楼梯而非电梯，或特意选择离工位稍远的洗手间。2. Strengthen your glutes 强化臀部肌肉 Your backside is full of strong, powerful muscles—they just need a little attention. Add bodyweight exercises like glute bridges, lunges, and squats to your day. Just a few minutes a day can wake those muscles back up. If you’re unsure about proper technique, consult your healthcare provider to ensure you’re performing the exercises safely and correctly. 你的臀部其实蕴藏着强大而有力的肌肉群，只是需要你稍加关注。不妨在日常中加入一些徒手训练，比如臀桥、弓步和深蹲。每天只需几分钟，就能重新唤醒这些沉睡的肌群。如果你不确定动作是否标准，建议咨询医疗专业人士，确保锻炼安全有效。3. Improve your sitting setup 改善坐姿环境 Your chair should support your lower back, keep your knees level with your hips, and let your feet rest flat on the floor. If you don’t have an ergonomic chair, try a lumbar support pillow and make sure your computer monitor is at eye level so you don’t hunch forward. 一把合适的椅子也至关重要：它应能支撑下背部，使膝盖与髋部保持在同一水平，并让双脚自然平放于地面。若没有人体工学椅，可以加一个腰部支撑靠垫，并确保电脑屏幕与视线齐平，避免身体前倾驼背。4. Stretch your hips 拉伸髋部 A tight front means a weak back. Make time for a few hip stretches during the day, like a kneeling hip flexor stretch or seated figure-four pose, to release tension and improve your posture. 前侧紧张，往往意味着后侧无力。不妨在一天中抽出几分钟做些髋部拉伸，例如跪姿髋屈肌拉伸或坐姿“4”字拉伸，有助于释放紧张、改善体态。5. Stay active outside the office 下班后保持活跃 Walk your dog, ride your bike, go for a swim—whatever gets your body moving. A regular workout routine will not only keep your glutes strong, but improve your overall mood, sleep, and energy. 遛狗、骑车、游泳……只要能让身体动起来的活动都值得尝试。规律的锻炼不仅能强健臀肌，还能提升整体情绪、睡眠质量和精力。6. Try a standing desk 尝试使用站立式办公桌 If it’s an option, alternating between sitting and standing at a desk can work wonders. Just be sure to shift your weight and move regularly as standing still for too long isn’t ideal either. 如果条件允许，在坐姿和站姿之间交替使用办公桌会带来意想不到的效果。但要注意：长时间站立不动同样不理想，应定期变换重心、适当走动。7. Try seated exercises 尝试坐着锻炼 Even when you’re stuck in your chair, you can still get your lower body working. Milicia suggests butt clenches, marching in place, heel lifts, and toe lifts. These subtle movements may not break a sweat, but they help activate your muscles and keep your circulation going. 即使暂时无法离开座位，你依然可以活动下半身。米利西亚推荐一些隐蔽又有效的动作：夹紧臀部、原地踏步、踮脚尖和抬脚趾。这些细微动作虽不会让你大汗淋漓，却能有效激活肌肉、促进血液循环，让久坐的身体保持活力。【词汇】 1. woe n. 痛苦，悲伤 2. diagnosis n. 诊断 3. sedentary adj. 久坐的 4. gluteal muscle 臀部肌肉 5. atrophy n./v. 萎缩，衰退 6. gluteus maximus 臀大肌7. saggy adj.松懈的，下垂的8. tingling adj. 刺痛的9. overhaul n. 大修，改造10. pelvis n. 骨盆 11. slouch v. 无精打采地坐或站 12. lunge n. 弓步 13. squat n. 蹲下，深蹲 14. ergonomic chair 人体工学椅 15. lumbar adj. 腰部的 16. hunch v. 弓背，耸肩 17. kneeling hip flexor stretch 跪姿髋屈肌拉伸18. butt clench夹臀动作 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？

Outdoor shoes in the house: What are the dangers? 回家不换鞋有哪些危害？常速 | 六级 中等| 350词 | 2min8s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the research review, what is a major concern regarding shoe soles?A. They contain visible urban dust and mud.B. They may carry dangerous bacteria leading to illness.C. They are often made of harmful chemicals.D. They can cause allergies in children under five.Q2. What negative effects can be caused by exposure to pesticides and herbicides brought in by shoes?A. Headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.B. Respiratory issues and hay fever.C. Developing immune system problems in children.D. Muscle weakness and balance issues.Q3. What benefit of walking barefoot is mentioned in the text?A. It prevents allergies caused by pollen.B. It enhances respiratory health.C. It reduces exposure to harmful bacteria.D. It improves balance and muscle stability.Q4. What can be inferred about cultures with a shoe-free home policy?A. They prioritize aesthetics over hygiene.B. Their practices are supported by scientific evidence.C. They are less likely to suffer from respiratory issues.D. Their social norms are ambiguous and inconsistent.Q5. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To explain the health benefits of walking barefoot.B. To discuss the cultural differences in shoe removal practices.C. To highlight the dangers of wearing outdoor shoes indoors.D. To provide tips on maintaining household cleanliness.Part II. TRANSCRIPTOutdoor shoes in the house: What are the dangers? “Welcome! Shoes off please.” In many Asian countries, removing shoes when you enter someone’s home is expected – it shows respect and ensures cleanliness. In other places, such as the UK, however, the social norms are more ambiguous. Some Brits might have a strict “shoes off” rule, while others may be squeamish about seeing others’ socks or bare feet. What do the scientists say?squeamish adj. 易感到不适的，易受惊的If you remove your shoes at the door for cleanliness, you’re probably thinking about the visible dirt – urban dust, mud and grass that has hitched a ride from the outside world on the sole of your shoe. But the real problems are microscopic. (Q1) A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. Children under five are particularly at risk because of their closeness to the floor and developing immune systems.sole n. 鞋底vector n. 传播媒介，载体pathogen n. 病原体 Germs aside, shoe soles can also bring in nasty chemicals like pesticides and herbicides, (Q2) exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. Allergens such as pollen can also enter your home via your shoes, which can be a big issue if you suffer with hay fever or have respiratory issues. Isn’t your home meant to be a safe haven?herbicide n. 除草剂allergen n. 过敏原pollen n. 花粉hay fever 花粉病But it’s not just about hygiene. (Q3) Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles, according to a medically reviewed article called ‘Does Walking Barefoot Have Health Benefits?’. “In theory, walking barefoot more closely restores our ‘natural’ walking pattern, also known as our gait,” explains foot and ankle specialist Jonathan Kaplan.gait n. 步态，步法(Q4) In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. And in places where the rules are less clear, maybe it’s time to think about leaving our outdoor shoes at the threshold. There’s an old African proverb that states “When you leave your shoes at the doorstep, you leave your troubles behind.”Part III. KEYQ1.【答案】B【解析】细节题。题目出处：A review of research called ‘Shoe soles as a potential vector for pathogen transmission’ found a high prevalence of dangerous bacteria on shoe soles, which could lead to illness. 意为：一项名为“鞋底作为病原体传播潜在载体”的研究发现，鞋底上存在大量危险细菌，这可能导致疾病。正确答案为B。Q2.【答案】A【解析】细节题。题目出处：Exposure to which can cause headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, according to a study by Muhammad Sarwar, published in Cogent Medicine. 意为：根据Muhammad Sarwar发表在Cogent Medicine上的研究，接触这些化学物质可能导致头痛、头晕、恶心和呕吐。正确答案为A。Q3.【答案】D【解析】细节题。题目出处：Going shoeless can improve things such as balance, body awareness and strength and stability in your muscles. 意为：不穿鞋可以改善平衡、身体意识以及肌肉的力量和稳定性。正确答案为D。Q4.【答案】B【解析】推理题。题目出处：In cultures where a shoe-free home is the norm, the reasons are backed by science. 意为：在家中不穿鞋成为习惯的文化中，这些原因得到了科学的支持。由此可以推断，这些文化的规定是基于科学证据的，因此正确答案为B。Q5.【答案】C【解析】主旨题。整篇文章主要讨论了室内穿户外鞋的危害，包括细菌传播、化学物质暴露和过敏原问题。因此正确答案为C。（本文图片均来源于网络，仅供学习交流使用，侵删）

新闻听力 | 写作提升小技巧

写作提升小技巧Tips for Better Writing慢速 | 四级（高考）标准 | 493词 | 3min57s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does Jennifer Ahern-Dodson inquire about when starting a conversation about writing?A. The preferred writing styles of her students.B. Their previous encounters with writing, whether negative or positive.C. The most common mistakes made in academic writing.D. The students’ and professors’ favorite types of essays to write.Q2. What does the report suggest is a primary concern for students when writing papers?A. The ability to express their personal opinions.B. The complexity of the research topic.C. The exact length and format requirements of the paper.D. The quality of their grammar and punctuation.Q3. What can be inferred about the impact of anxiety on writing from the report?A. It is beneficial for writers to feel anxious about their work.B. Anxiety can significantly hinder the writing process.C. Anxiety is only a problem for writers who are not native speakers.D. Anxiety is irrelevant to the quality of writing.Q4. What advice does Jennifer Ahern-Dodson give to help writers shift their focus from the final product?A. To contemplate the consequences of not doing well.B. To consider the personal significance of the subject matter.C. To worry about the length and format of the paper.D. To focus on the audience and what they want to convey. Q5. What is the main purpose of the Education Report segment according to the text?A. To provide tips for better writing.B. To discuss the challenges of writing in a second language.C. To promote the work of Jennifer Ahern-Dodson.D. To announce upcoming events at Duke University.Part II. TRANSCRIPTTips for Better WritingToday we continue our series of expert suggestions for academic writing. Our guest is Jennifer Ahern-Dodson, assistant professor of the Practice in Writing Studies at Duke University in North Carolina.Ms. Ahern-Dodson starts a conversation with both students and professors planning to write a paper or essay. (Q1) She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?She advises that you are not alone if you have had problems with your writing. She says everyone struggles with writing.“Writing is hard. All writers struggle at some point. And even if writing has come easily for you, at some point in your work as a student, that eventually you’re going to hit a roadblock. And so part of what I like to get folks thinking about is — besides writing’s hard for everybody — is to really take a moment to think about their past writing experiences. And when the writing is going well, what was happening? When the writing wasn’t going well, what was happening?”She says most people’s negative writing experiences happened because a very special formula is required for a paper including an exact length.“(Q2) And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay? Or if it is in the second or third language, you know, punctuation and grammar, like whether it gets communicated in the right language.”punctuation n. 标点符号“And so focusing on the end makes it really hard to get started.”Another problem can arise when the need to do well on a paper is extremely important.“...like a timed essay exam, or a college application essay, or a research paper that is at the end of the semester, and it’s tied to the entire grade for the class. (Q3) So worrying about what will happen if they don’t do well — get bad grades, don’t get into college — creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done.”Then she and the people she’s helping move to more positive projects. She says usually when writing comes easily, the writers feel they have something important to say.The teacher advises asking yourself questions. What personal understanding of the subject can you bring to your paper? Why is this subject important? For whom is it meaningful? Who will be reading it?“(Q4) Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them. And what that can do is help you switch from the final product and what it can look like (to) really more on what you have to offer, your particular perspective.”She says that is an important change for all writers.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“She asks about their earlier writing experiences. Were they negative or positive?”，可知Dodson她关注的是他们之前写作的经历，是消极的还是积极的。因此答案是B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“And so they primarily focus on, and worry about, what the final product has to look like, like how many pages for a research essay?”，可知学生们主要关注并担心最终产品的样子，比如研究论文需要多少页？这表明学生在写作时最关心的是论文的确切长度和格式要求。因此答案是C。Q3. B.【解析】推理题。根据“So worrying about what will happen if they don’t do well ... creates, of course, significant anxiety. And that can make it harder to get the writing done.”，可知担心表现不佳会产生焦虑，而这种焦虑会使写作变得更加困难。因此答案是B。Q4. D.【解析】细节题。根据“Think about who your audience is, and what it is that you really want to say to them.”，可知Dodson建议作家思考他们的读者是谁，以及他们真正想要传达的信息，以帮助他们从过分关注最终产品，转向更关注自己想要提供的内容上。因此答案是D。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。整个文本的主旨在于提供写作建议，这可以从标题“Tips for Better Writing”和整个报道的内容中得出。因此答案是A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 美国医保高管谋杀案嫌犯出庭

美国医保高管谋杀案嫌犯出庭Suspect in US Health Boss Murder Appears in Court 常速 | 五级（CET-4）较难 | 167词 | 59s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. How was the level of security described during Luigi Mangione’s appearance in court?A. There was a minimal police presence.B. Security was so tight that it was described as intense.C. Only a few security officers were visible.D. The security measures were not mentioned in the report.Q2. What is the specific federal charge against Luigi Mangione, and which states have brought additional charges?A. Terrorism; New York and Pennsylvania.B. Insider trading; New York and California.C. Murder; New York and Pennsylvania.D. Embezzlement; Florida and Texas.Q3. What was the reaction of a segment of the public to the case as indicated by the presence of a poster?A. They were protesting against the health insurance industry.B. They were advocating for wealth redistribution.C. They were demanding justice for the victim.D. They were showing support for the defendant.Q4. What was the significance of the parade-like display when Luigi Mangione was handed back to New York?A. It was a common procedure for high-profile defendants.B. It was a show of force by law enforcement.C. It was a publicity stunt by the defendant’s legal team.D. It was an unusual event, reflecting the gravity of the case. Part II. TRANSCRIPTSuspect in US Health Boss Murder Appears in Court Hello, I’m Moira Alderson with the BBC News. (Q1) The suspect accused of shooting dead the US health insurance boss, Brian Thompson, has appeared in court in New York amid intense security. (Q2) Luigi Mangione faces a federal charge of murder, as well as charges brought by the states of New York and Pennsylvania. (Q3) A small number of supporters gathered outside the courtroom, one with a poster reading health over Wealth. Netitafik is following the case.(Q4) There was such a dramatic parade of Luigi Mangione in front of the cameras as he was handed back to New York. It’s something that I’ve quite frankly not seen in the past. Of course, he is a special kind of defendant given the circumstances of the alleged crime. But he was flown to New York, taken off of the helicopter and flanked by heavily armed law enforcement from several agencies, followed by New York’s mayor, Eric Adams, the police chief, the chief of detectives, and then brought straight to that federal courthouse.frankly adv. 坦率地，直白地defendant n. 被告，受审者armed adj. 武装的，装备武器的Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The suspect accused of shooting dead the US health insurance boss, Brian Thompson, has appeared in court in New York amid intense security.”，可知被指控射杀美国医疗保险老板Brian Thompson的嫌疑人在在严密的安保措施下出现在纽约法庭。因此，安全措施被描述为非常严密，答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Luigi Mangione faces a federal charge of murder, as well as charges brought by the states of New York and Pennsylvania.”，可知Luigi Mangione面临联邦的谋杀指控，以及由纽约州和宾夕法尼亚州提出的指控。因此答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“A small number of supporters gathered outside the courtroom, one with a poster reading health over Wealth.”，可知一小群支持者聚集在法庭外，其中一人举着一个海报，上面写着“健康胜过财富”。这表明部分公众对医疗保险行业持抗议态度，答案为A。Q4. D.【解析】主旨题。根据“There was such a dramatic parade of Luigi Mangione in front of the cameras as he was handed back to New York... Of course, he is a special kind of defendant given the circumstances of the alleged crime.”，可知Luigi Mangione被交回纽约时，在摄像机前进行了一场戏剧性的游行...当然，鉴于所指控的犯罪情况，他是一个特别的被告。这表明“游行式”押送是不寻常的，反映了案件的严重性。因此答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 呼吸难题的根源？

呼吸难题的根源？Is pollution causing your COPD?常速 | 六级（CET-6）较易 | 923词 | 5min14s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the conversation and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What is the primary function of the air sacs mentioned in the context of emphysema?A. To filter out pollutants from the air.B. To provide a site for gas exchange.C. To regulate the moisture in the airways.D. To store excess air and prevent overinflation.Q2. In what way does indoor air pollution contribute to the risk of COPD?A. By causing direct damage to the air sacs.B. By reducing the availability of oxygen.C. Through exposure to biomass fuels during cooking.D. By increasing the levels of humidity in enclosed spaces.Q3. According to Doctor Sarah Rylan, what is the impact of lung growth and development on the risk of COPD?A. Early exposure to pollutants can permanently stunt lung growth.B. Lungs reach full potential by the age of 30.C. Proper lung development guarantees no risk of COPD.D. The risk of COPD is highest in those who have never had respiratory infections.Q4. How does the conversation suggest that COPD can be prevented or its progression slowed?A. By avoiding all risk factors.B. By ensuring that all children are born at a normal weight and without premature birth.C. By completely eliminating indoor and outdoor air pollution.D. By treating asthma effectively in childhood.Q5. What is the primary message of the conversation regarding COPD?A. COPD is a preventable condition if proper measures are taken.B. COPD is incurable, but manageable with the right treatment.C. COPD is a disease that primarily affects children and teenagers.D. The symptoms of COPD are immediate and severe from the outset.Q6. What is the implication of the statement “it’s not normal to be breathless” in the context of COPD?A. All cases of breathlessness should be medically evaluated.B. Breathlessness is a symptom that requires immediate hospitalization.C. Breathlessness is an expected part of aging and should be ignored.D. COPD patients should not accept breathlessness as a normal state.Q7. What is the first step in managing COPD according to the conversation?A. Seeking pulmonary rehabilitation.B. Stopping smoking if applicable.C. Starting inhaled treatments.D. Taking regular exercise.Q8. What is the significance of pulmonary rehabilitation in the management of COPD?A. It helps patients to strengthen their lung capacity through exercise.B. It provides a cure for COPD.C. It is a surgical procedure to remove damaged lung tissue.D. It involves the use of advanced respiratory equipment at home.Q9. What is the role of vaccination in the treatment plan for COPD as mentioned by Doctor Sarah Rylan?A. To prevent the common cold.B. To alleviate the symptoms of COPD.C. To protect against flu and other respiratory infections.D. To improve the effectiveness of inhaled treatments.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs pollution causing your COPD?VGS: We’re standing next to this big no smoking sign in the W.H.O. headquarters. And also we’re standing next to a very busy street. Air pollution and tobacco smoking. Two of the biggest risk factors for disease we are going to talk about today — chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sarah, a lot of people may not know what chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD is, even if they may have the disease and may not know how to recognize it. Talk to us about what it is.pulmonary adj. 肺的，与肺有关的SR: So COPD is a group of conditions which affect the lungs of adults and cause obstruction of the airways, chronic bronchitis or emphysema or other terms that you might have heard to talk about this. In COPD, we have damage and we have inflammation to different parts of the airways. Depending on which parts are affected, it can affect people differently, and this can lead to different symptoms.bronchitis n. 支气管炎emphysema n. 肺气肿 VGS: So, Sarah, if people have COPD, how would they know what is actually happening inside us?SR: So the symptoms of COPD come on slowly and often become worse gradually. Someone might notice, for example, that they are having difficulty going about their normal daily life. Sometimes people notice first that they’re having difficulty in walking, particularly going up a hill. Or if they have to take the stairs, they may become breathless. As things progress, it might become that they then start to find it difficult to get dressed in the morning, for example, or to do normal daily household chores. In severe cases, it can become so bad that people are breathless even when they are talking or eating. Sometimes symptoms can become suddenly worse as well. This is called a flare-up or an exacerbation. At that time, people would need to get additional medical treatment. Sometimes they even needed to be admitted to hospital for that. The exact symptoms depend on what is happening inside of the lungs. So if I have chronic bronchitis, then my airways are inflamed. They’re swollen, there’s mucus. And so if I have that, then I will be coughing or I’ll be coughing up phlegm or mucus. And I might also be breathless. In emphysema, (Q1) we find that at the end of the airways there are little air sacs, and these can become damaged. And then air collects in these air sacs, and it means that people can’t breathe out fully, so their lungs are overinflated. They have this feeling of their lungs being full all of the time, and it creates a feeling of breathlessness.exacerbation n. 加重，恶化inflame v. 使发炎，激怒mucus n. 粘液，痰phlegm n. 痰，黏液sac n. 囊，气囊VGS: Other than smoking and air pollution, what are the causes of COPD?SR: There are lots of different things that can cause COPD. In the past, people really attributed COPD to smoking, and your risk of COPD increases with the more cigarettes that you smoke every day or the longer that you’ve smoked for. But we now know there are other things too. Air pollution is one that you’ve mentioned. (Q2) This could be indoor air pollution. So exposure through when people are cooking on biomass fuels, for example, like wood or charcoal inside an enclosed space, or outdoor air pollution from traffic or from industry factories, these kinds of things.biomass n. 生物质燃料（如木材、木炭等）charcoal n. 木炭，炭VGS : Sarah, are some people more susceptible to COPD?SR: So actually, yes, our lungs start growing and developing even before we are born, and they continue to grow and develop throughout childhood, throughout teenage years until they reach their maximum potential in your early 20s. (Q3) If you’re exposed to things during that period of lung growth and development that stop your lungs from growing and developing in this way, then this means that you never reach that full potential and you’re at increased risk of COPD. If your mother smokes, or is exposed to air pollution or tobacco smoke during pregnancy. If you’re born very small or born early, if you have severe respiratory infections during childhood, all of these things impact your lung growth and development. That means you reach adulthood without having grown your lungs to their full size, if you like. So you’re at more risk of developing COPD. (Q4) Asthma is another risk factor. If people have asthma in childhood, particularly if it’s poorly treated, then that can be a risk factor. There are also some genetic conditions that can predispose to COPD.respiratory adj. 呼吸的，呼吸系统的asthma n. 哮喘genetic adj. 遗传的，基因的predispose v. 使倾向于，预先安排VGS: So that’s actually alarming, that if a mother is breathing air pollution and is a smoker, then the chances of the child developing COPD increases, especially alarming because nine out of ten people are breathing air that’s unhealthy for them. Is there a treatment for COPD?SR: (Q5) If COPD is diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is started promptly, then people with COPD can live as full of a life as possible. (Q6) Remember, it’s not normal to be breathless, and it’s not just people who smoke that get COPD. (Q7) The important things are firstly, to stop smoking if people smoke. (Q8) Secondly, to take regular exercise, and there are special programs called pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD to help strengthen their lungs. Thirdly, there are various inhaled treatments that are available which work in different ways inside the lungs that can be helpful. Lastly, (Q9-1) it’s very important to protect from infection. So if someone has COPD, (Q9-2) it’s really important that they get vaccinated against flu and Covid, for example, other respiratory infections.inhale v. 吸入，吸气vaccinate v. 给…接种疫苗VGS: Thank you, Sarah. That was science and five today. Until next time then, stay safe, stay healthy, and stick with science. Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“at the end of the airways there are little air sacs, and these can become damaged. And then air collects in these air sacs, and it means that people can’t breathe out fully, so their lungs are overinflated.”，可知在气道的末端有小气囊，这些可能会受损。然后空气会积聚在这些气囊中，导致患者无法完全呼出气体，肺部过度膨胀，由此可以推断气囊的主要功能是气体交换。因此答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“This could be indoor air pollution. So exposure through when people are cooking on biomass fuels, for example, like wood or charcoal inside an enclosed space...”，可知室内空气污染，比如人们在封闭空间内使用使用木材、木炭等生物质燃料做饭时接触到的污染物而增加COPD的风险。因此答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“If you’re exposed to things during that period of lung growth and development that stop your lungs from growing and developing in this way, then this means that you never reach that full potential and you’re at increased risk of COPD.”，可知如果在肺生长发育期间接触到阻止肺其正常发育的物质，那么肺部就无法达到应有的发育水平，你患COPD的风险就会增加。由此可知，早期接触污染物可能会永久阻碍肺的生长。因此答案为A。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Asthma is another risk factor. If people have asthma in childhood, particularly if it’s poorly treated, then that can be a risk factor.”，可知哮喘是另一个风险因素。如果人们在儿童时期患有哮喘，特别是如果治疗不当，那么这可能是一个风险因素。由此推理，通过在儿童时期有效治疗哮喘可以预防或减缓COPD的发展。因此答案为D。Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。整个对话都在讨论COPD的症状、原因和治疗方法，特别是在“if COPD is diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is started promptly, then people with COPD can live as full of a life as possible.”这句话中强调了尽管COPD是是不可治愈的，但若早期诊断并及时治疗，是可以控制的。因此答案为B。Q6. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Remember, it’s not normal to be breathless, and it’s not just people who smoke that get COPD.”，可知气喘不是正常现象，而且不仅仅是吸烟的人会得COPD。这句话是在提醒COPD患者不应该将气喘视为一种正常状态，而应该及时寻求诊断和治疗。因此答案为D。Q7. B.【解析】细节题。根据“The important things are firstly, to stop smoking if people smoke.”，可知管理COPD的第一步就是戒烟。因此答案为B。Q8. A.【解析】细节题。根据“Secondly, to take regular exercise, and there are special programs called pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD to help strengthen their lungs.”，可知，肺康复对于COPD患者来说，是通过定期锻炼来帮助加强肺部功能。因此答案为A。Q9. C.【解析】细节题。根据“it’s very important to protect from infection”以及“it’s really important that they get vaccinated against flu and Covid, for example, other respiratory infections.”，可知接种流感和Covid疫苗非常重要，可以保护患者免受流感和其他呼吸道感染。因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

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