全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

新闻听力 | 我们为什么喜欢吃辣？

我们为什么喜欢吃辣？Why do we eat spicy food? 常速 | 七级（偏易） | 368词| 3min7s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What chemical compound in chili peppers is responsible for the burning sensation?A. Capsaicin.B. Endorphin.C. Serotonin.D. Glucose.Q2. According to the passage, what happens when the body detects capsaicin?A. The body temperature rises significantly.B. The body releases endorphins to reduce the perceived pain.C. The taste buds become permanently less sensitive.D. The digestive system immediately breaks down the compound.Q3. Why does Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum say people consciously choose to eat spicy foods?A. They want to build tolerance to hotter flavors.B. They associate chili with traditional cooking methods.C. They understand the burning sensation does not actually harm them.D. They believe it improves their digestive health.Q4. What can be inferred about early human cultivation of chili peppers?A. People cultivated chilies mainly to increase their sweetness.B. Chili peppers naturally evolved without human influence.C. Humans preferred peppers that required minimal cooking.D. Human cultivation altered traits such as color, size, and capsaicin level.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Capsaicin is dangerous and should be avoided in a typical diet.B. Humans enjoy spicy food due to a combination of factors.C. Spicy food consumption has decreased significantly in modern times.D. Only certain cultures have historically eaten chili peppers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we eat spicy food? You know the feeling – your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb, you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, and yet, you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic, or is there something else going on? The answer lies in both science and history.masochistic adj. 有受虐倾向的Let’s start with the science. Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour, and bitter – it’s a sensation. (Q1) This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’. When we eat foods containing capsaicin, our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. (Q2) In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure – like painkillers.capsaicin n. 辣椒素endorphin n. 内啡肽This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that (Q3) this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us. Furthermore, we derive pleasure from the other ingredients chili is generally cooked and eaten with – including fat, sugar, and salt. So – like skydiving – eating chili is a form of thrill-seeking or ‘benign masochism’, where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation.masochism n. 受虐倾向This masochistic relationship with capsaicin has been a long one, starting in the Andes of South America, where chili peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. So, archaeological evidence suggests they started cultivating chili peppers about six thousand years ago. (Q4) Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s colour, size, and capsaicin content – helping to explain the many different types of chili peppers now available.Fast-forward to today, and our love affair with the chili pepper is going strong. We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chili is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. (Q5) Maybe we are masochistic after all.Part III. KEYQ1.A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’.” 意为：“这种灼烧感由辣椒中一种被称为‘辣椒素’的化合物引起。”根据这句话可以推理，导致灼烧感的成分是capsaicin，因此答案为A。Q2.B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure.”意为：“为了缓解灼烧感，身体会释放控制疼痛并带来愉悦感的内啡肽。”因此答案为B。Q3.C.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“… this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us.”意为：“这是因为我们是理性生物，我们知道辣椒带来的灼烧感并不会真正伤害身体。”由此推断，人们选择吃辣是因为他们明白灼烧感并不会造成实际伤害，因此答案为C。Q4.D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s color, size, and capsaicin content. 意为：人类的干预改变了辣椒，使其更符合人类的口味和需求，包括其颜色、大小和辣椒素含量。根据这句话可以推理，人类早期的栽培活动确实改变了辣椒的特性，因此答案为D。Q5.B.【解析】本题为主旨题。文章解释了辣椒素触发的化学反应、人类明知无害仍追求刺激的心理机制、“良性受虐”的行为模式、辣椒的历史起源与栽培发展脉络等等。文章最后写道：“Maybe we are masochistic after all.（或许我们还是有受虐倾向。）”，展示人类对于辛辣的复杂喜好。由此可见，主旨是人类对辛辣食物的喜爱由多重因素共同决定，答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？

为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？Why our brains love lists常速 | 四级（偏难） | 314词| 2min12s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why does writing tasks down on a list help reduce anxiety?A. It reduces anxiety by preventing the need to rely on memory.B. It shortens the amount of time needed to complete tasks.C. It helps people avoid doing tasks they dislike.D. It encourages people to work in groups.Q2. Why are lists said to help the brain retain information better?A. Because they increase the number of tasks a person can complete.B. Because they present information in an organized form.C. Because they encourage people to think more creatively.D. Because they allow people to read information repeatedly.Q3. In the Wake Forest University experiment, what happened to the group who were not allowed to make plans?A. They struggled because the task remained in their memory.B. They performed better because they had less pressure.C. They completed the second task more efficiently.D. They forgot about the unfinished warm-up task quickly.Q4. What can be inferred about the Zeigarnik Effect from the passage?A. It makes people complete tasks faster than usual.B. It causes people to ignore tasks once they begin them.C. It increases stress because the brain prefers finished tasks.D. It keeps unfinished tasks in memory until they are resolved.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern technology has made to-do lists unnecessary.B. People should avoid writing down tasks and rely on memory instead.C. To-do lists are an effective way to manage tasks and reduce stress.D. Only people with high productivity benefit from writing lists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy our brains love listsProductivity can be a struggle for many of us. Overflowing email inboxes, housework, social obligations – it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. However, one simple tool that can help us stay on top of everything is the to-do list. Write it down, do the tasks, and cross them off – simple!There are three key reasons why lists are beneficial, according to psychologist and author David Cohen. (Q1) Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we don’t have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand. Secondly, lists provide structure and guidance, giving us a plan to follow. (Q2) As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner. And finally, lists serve as proof of what we have achieved, which can help boost our sense of accomplishment and motivation.beneficial adj. 有益的Another possible reason our brains love lists is because of something called the ‘Zeigarnik Effect’. This is the name psychologists use for when we remember things we need to do, our unfinished tasks, better than things we have already completed. Researchers from Wake Forest University tested the interference of the Zeigarnik effect on a group of people. The experiment began with a warm-up task, though it was stopped halfway through, and only some people were allowed to make plans to finish it. (Q3) The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. (Q4) The problem was the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks. So, once we tick something off our list, our brain forgets about it, and we can relax.(Q5) All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life!Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we do not have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand.” 意为：“首先，清单能够帮助屏蔽因任务无穷无尽而带来的混乱和焦虑。将所有事情写下来之后，我们就无需依赖记忆，而可以专注于手头的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner.” 意为：“此外，大脑更容易记住以结构化和有条理的方式呈现的信息。”因此答案为 B。Q3. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“研究人员发现，被允许制定计划的小组焦虑减少，并在第二个任务中表现更好；而另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q4. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“问题在于，另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”根据这句话可以推理，蔡加尼克效应使未完成的任务在我们的记忆中保持活跃状态，直到它们得到解决，因此答案为 D。Q5. C.【解析】本题为主旨题。题目出处为：“All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life.” 意为：“总而言之，清单似乎是帮助我们掌控生活的宝贵工具。”结合全文内容，清单能够减少焦虑，提供结构化的信息，提高记忆效果，减轻蔡加尼克效应带来的负担，因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | “slop”当选2025年度词汇，我们该何去何从？

“slop”当选2025年度词汇，我们该何去何从？“Slop” Was the 2025 Word of the Year. What Comes Next?文本难度：考研 易刘立军供稿Merriam-Webster named “slop” its 2025 word of the year, defining it as “digital content of low quality that is produced usually in quantity by means of artificial intelligence.” In its announcement, Merriam-Webster noted that, like “slime, sludge, and muck, slop has the wet sound of something you don’t want to touch.” Similarly, The New York Times observed that slop, in graphic terms, “conjures images of heaps of unappetizing food being shoveled into troughs.” 韦氏词典将slop评为2025年度词汇，将其定义为“通常由人工智能生成的大量低质量数字内容”。在公告中，韦氏词典指出，slop与slime（黏液）、sludge（淤泥）和muck（污物）一样，带有某种令人不愿触碰之物的湿漉漉的声响。《纽约时报》也以形象的语言评论道：“slop”会让人联想到“一堆堆难以下咽的食物被铲进食槽”的画面。Slop is an umbrella term that encompasses a vast range of terrible AI-generated content, from videos to news stories to ads to books to work reports. It can look real enough, but often seems just a bit off (and sometimes jarringly so). And it tends to feel (or even be) cheap, derivative, or recycled. These qualities of slop can leave us feeling cold, disengaged, and anxious. As such, Merriam-Webster’s choice reflects a deeper psychological crisis about how AI-generated content is reshaping our emotional landscape.slop是一个统称，涵盖从视频、新闻报道、广告、书籍到工作报告等各类糟糕的人工智能生成内容。这类内容乍看之下可能足够逼真，却常常显得略微不对劲（有时甚至令人明显不适）。它往往给人廉价、缺乏原创性或反复套用模板的感觉。这些特质会使我们感到冷漠、疏离乃至焦虑。因此，韦氏词典的选择折射出一种更深层的心理危机——人工智能生成的内容正在重塑我们的情感世界。The Slop-Doom Feedback Loop “Slop”与末日感的恶性循环In her recent article, Laura Glitson, a humanities scholar, wrote about “the experience of slop and doom .... whereby experience is shaped by gothic undertones such as surreality, paranoia, suspicion, menace, and most of all, anxiety.” Glitson quotes from a Reddit post that captured this malaise: “The internet makes me miserable for 80% of the time I’m on it, but I just can’t get out …. Have I developed mild to moderate anxiety from constant exposure to news and social media that indicate we’re headed to unavoidable collapse? Sure have.” 人文学者劳拉·格利特森在近期一篇文章中写道：“‘slop’与末日感的体验……是由超现实、偏执、猜疑、威胁感，尤其是焦虑等哥特式基调所塑造的。”她引用了一则Reddit帖子来捕捉这种普遍的不安情绪：“我在网上80%的时间都感到痛苦，但就是无法抽身……我是不是因为持续接触那些预示我们正走向不可避免的崩溃结局的新闻和社交媒体，而产生了轻度至中度的焦虑？答案是肯定的。”Glitson outlined a circular process through which slop leads to doom by overwhelming our attention with “affective noise”; conversely, doom powers slop by coloring it with the threat of impending catastrophe. Her analysis parallels the emotional consequences of doomscrolling uncovered by psychology researchers and ties in with research on the effects of information overload. 格利特森勾勒出一个循环过程：slop通过充斥我们注意力的“情感噪音”引发末日感；反过来，末日感又为slop注入“灾难即将来临”的威胁色彩，从而助长其传播。她的分析与心理学研究者揭示的“末日刷屏行为”（doomscrolling）所带来的情绪后果相呼应，也与信息过载效应的研究密切相关。The Normalization Paradox “正常化”的悖论Yoshija Walter (2024) writes about the possible psychological processes by which AI, including slop, is becoming normalized, as well as the possible psychological outcomes of this normalization. Walter summarizes research that shows normalization is occurring and highlights two mechanisms that may be underway. Yoshija Walter（2024）探讨了人工智能（包括slop）如何通过某些心理机制逐渐被社会所“常态化”，以及这种“常态化”可能带来的各种心理后果。Walter就针对“常态化”现象的研究进行了综述，并重点指出两种潜在机制。First, he describes a classic psychological process, the “mere exposure effect,” whereby people develop more positive views of people or things over time just by being exposed to them. This can be a good thing, in that people may increasingly perceive the ways in which AI can be helpful. Unfortunately, it can also lead us to downplay the risks of AI, including the possibility that we will become over-reliant on it in harmful ways. 首先，他描述了一种经典的心理现象——“单纯曝光效应”，即人们仅因反复接触某人或某物，便会对其产生更积极的看法。这本可以是件好事，例如人们可能越来越意识到人工智能的实用价值。但不幸的是，这也可能导致我们低估人工智能的风险，包括过度依赖AI而造成伤害的可能性。Second, he describes the “black box effect,” whereby we develop negative emotions, such as unease and a sense of foreboding, when we don’t understand how something – such as AI – works. Walter notes evidence that these feelings are evoked even among some who work for tech companies that develop AI. We wonder how slop might affect these two processes. Will the positive aspects of normalization (driven by the mere exposure effect) be upended by growing cynicism, or will we become complacent in the face of a growing inability to separate truths from falsehoods? And will the unease and anxiety fueled by the black-box effect be compounded by the growing presence of slop? 其次，他提出“黑箱效应”：当我们无法理解某个事物（比如人工智能）的运作原理时，便容易产生不安、不祥的预感等负面情绪。Walter指出，即便是在开发AI的科技公司内部，也有员工表现出此类情绪。我们不禁要问：slop的泛滥将如何影响这两种机制？由单纯曝光效应带来的正面认知，是否会因日益增长的愤世嫉俗而瓦解？抑或我们将在真假难辨的信息洪流中变得自负？同时，黑箱效应所引发的不安与焦虑，是否会因slop的蔓延而进一步加剧？ A Policy Role for Psychology 心理学在政策制定中的角色 Walter concludes that “as AI becomes more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial to understand the associated psychosocial implications, especially concerning AI safety concerns.” These implications involve considerations of cognitive processes, emotional responses, and interpersonal interactions. Psychological science, which studies all of these areas, must be a part of any policymaking regarding AI in order for us to reclaim our agency. Walter总结道：“随着人工智能日益融入我们的日常生活，理解与其相关的社会心理影响至关重要，尤其是在人工智能安全问题方面。”这些影响涉及认知过程、情绪反应以及人际互动等多个层面。而心理学作为研究上述领域的科学，必须参与人工智能相关政策的制定，唯有如此，我们才能重新掌握自身的能动性。【词汇】1. slop n. 由人工智能生成的大量低质量数字内容2. slime n. 黏液3. sludge n. 淤泥4. muck n. 污物 5. conjure v. 唤起6. unappetizing adj. 难以下咽的；令人反感的7. trough n. 食槽 8. jarring adj. 明显不协调的；令人不适的9. disengaged adj. 疏离的；情感上抽离的10. reshape v. 重塑11. humanity n. 人文学科12. gothic adj. 哥特式的（带有神秘或恐怖特征的）13. undertone n. 潜在基调14. paranoia n. 偏执；多疑15. malaise n. 莫名的不适感（或不满）16. impending adj. 即将发生的17. overload n. 超载；信息过载18. foreboding n. 不祥的预感19. upend v. 颠覆20. psychosocial adj. 社会心理的（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 我们为什么喜欢吃辣？

我们为什么喜欢吃辣？Why do we eat spicy food? 常速 | 七级（偏易） | 368词| 3min7s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What chemical compound in chili peppers is responsible for the burning sensation?A. Capsaicin.B. Endorphin.C. Serotonin.D. Glucose.Q2. According to the passage, what happens when the body detects capsaicin?A. The body temperature rises significantly.B. The body releases endorphins to reduce the perceived pain.C. The taste buds become permanently less sensitive.D. The digestive system immediately breaks down the compound.Q3. Why does Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum say people consciously choose to eat spicy foods?A. They want to build tolerance to hotter flavors.B. They associate chili with traditional cooking methods.C. They understand the burning sensation does not actually harm them.D. They believe it improves their digestive health.Q4. What can be inferred about early human cultivation of chili peppers?A. People cultivated chilies mainly to increase their sweetness.B. Chili peppers naturally evolved without human influence.C. Humans preferred peppers that required minimal cooking.D. Human cultivation altered traits such as color, size, and capsaicin level.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Capsaicin is dangerous and should be avoided in a typical diet.B. Humans enjoy spicy food due to a combination of factors.C. Spicy food consumption has decreased significantly in modern times.D. Only certain cultures have historically eaten chili peppers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we eat spicy food? You know the feeling – your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb, you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, and yet, you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic, or is there something else going on? The answer lies in both science and history.masochistic adj. 有受虐倾向的Let’s start with the science. Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour, and bitter – it’s a sensation. (Q1) This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’. When we eat foods containing capsaicin, our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. (Q2) In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure – like painkillers.capsaicin n. 辣椒素endorphin n. 内啡肽This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that (Q3) this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us. Furthermore, we derive pleasure from the other ingredients chili is generally cooked and eaten with – including fat, sugar, and salt. So – like skydiving – eating chili is a form of thrill-seeking or ‘benign masochism’, where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation.masochism n. 受虐倾向This masochistic relationship with capsaicin has been a long one, starting in the Andes of South America, where chili peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. So, archaeological evidence suggests they started cultivating chili peppers about six thousand years ago. (Q4) Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s colour, size, and capsaicin content – helping to explain the many different types of chili peppers now available.Fast-forward to today, and our love affair with the chili pepper is going strong. We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chili is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. (Q5) Maybe we are masochistic after all.Part III. KEYQ1.A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’.” 意为：“这种灼烧感由辣椒中一种被称为‘辣椒素’的化合物引起。”根据这句话可以推理，导致灼烧感的成分是capsaicin，因此答案为A。Q2.B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure.”意为：“为了缓解灼烧感，身体会释放控制疼痛并带来愉悦感的内啡肽。”因此答案为B。Q3.C.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“… this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us.”意为：“这是因为我们是理性生物，我们知道辣椒带来的灼烧感并不会真正伤害身体。”由此推断，人们选择吃辣是因为他们明白灼烧感并不会造成实际伤害，因此答案为C。Q4.D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s color, size, and capsaicin content. 意为：人类的干预改变了辣椒，使其更符合人类的口味和需求，包括其颜色、大小和辣椒素含量。根据这句话可以推理，人类早期的栽培活动确实改变了辣椒的特性，因此答案为D。Q5.B.【解析】本题为主旨题。文章解释了辣椒素触发的化学反应、人类明知无害仍追求刺激的心理机制、“良性受虐”的行为模式、辣椒的历史起源与栽培发展脉络等等。文章最后写道：“Maybe we are masochistic after all.（或许我们还是有受虐倾向。）”，展示人类对于辛辣的复杂喜好。由此可见，主旨是人类对辛辣食物的喜爱由多重因素共同决定，答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 萎靡驼背的姿态真的对我们有害吗？

萎靡驼背的姿态真的对我们有害吗？Is slouching really that bad for us? 常速 | 五级（中等） | 340词 | 2min13s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does Meghan Markowski say poor posture can lead to?A. Weight gain and muscle loss.B. Neck pain and back problems.C. Poor eyesight and hearing loss.D. Difficulty concentrating on tasks.Q2. What did Diane Slater and her colleagues conclude about slouching?A. It is the main cause of chronic diseases.B. It has been proven to damage the spine.C. There is no strong evidence that it aggravates back pain.D. It should be completely avoided at all times.Q3. What did the 2014 study by Johannes Michalak find?A. Slouching improves memory for positive words.B. Upright sitting increases physical strength.C. Slumped posture affects emotional recall.D. Good posture eliminates negative emotions.Q4. What can be inferred from the discussion about static posture?A. Moving regularly helps reduce the risk of back pain.B. Sitting for long periods strengthens the spine.C. Slouching is more harmful than standing.D. People should avoid all types of sitting.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Slouching is the proven main cause of chronic back pain.B. People should always sit upright to stay healthy.C. Perfect posture is essential for emotional stability.D. Posture may matter less than movement in maintaining back health.Part II. TRANSCRIPTIs slouching really that bad for us? We hear family members and teachers telling us to “sit up straight” and “stand tall”, but do they say that because an erect posture is more aesthetically pleasing, or is it the key to a pain-free back? It’s commonly believed that ‘slump’ sitting or ‘slouch’ standing damages our spines. But is slouching really that bad?erect adj. 挺直的slump v. 瘫坐下slouch v. 无精打采地站(或坐、走)；低头垂肩地站(或坐、走)spine n. 脊柱；脊椎(Q1) Meghan Markowski, physiotherapist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital, says that poor posture can lead to neck pain and back problems. She also links it to other problems like poor balance, headaches, and breathing difficulties. Meghan says we should aim for an upright spine position and avoid flexing and arching our backs. But if you’re a sloucher, there may be some good news coming from the last two decades of research.physiotherapist n. 物理治疗师flex v. 弯曲（关节或肌肉）In an article called “Sit Up Straight: Time to Re-evaluate”, (Q2) physiotherapist Diane Slater and colleagues review the current research and conclude that there is no strong evidence that slouching aggravates back pain, or even that a perfect posture exists. Instead, they argue that differences in our spinal curvatures are a fact of life, and that our backs are stronger than we think.aggravate v. 使（病情、问题等）恶化；加剧curvature n. 弯曲，曲度So, we’re not sure that slouching causes back pain, but have you ever felt like slouching puts you in a worse mood? (Q3) A 2014 study by Johannes Michalak and colleagues found that depressed participants in a slumped seated position remembered more negative words than positive, but this improved once they sat upright. That means that the way we sit might make us feel more negative. Should we sit up straight and stand tall then?(Q4) Something both sides seem to agree on is that we should avoid staying in one static posture throughout the day – we should change positions and stretch. (Q5) The human spine is designed to be on the move, and a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of back pain. If you’re unable to do this, slouching in front of your computer all day may cause you discomfort, but the evidence tells us it’s not actually damaging your spine.static adj. 静止的；静态的sedentary adj. 久坐的；需要久坐的Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Meghan Markowski, physiotherapist at Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital, says that poor posture can lead to neck pain and back problems.” 意为：“哈佛大学附属布莱根妇女医院的物理治疗师梅根·马尔科夫斯基表示，不良姿势可能导致颈部疼痛和背部问题。”该句明确指出不良姿势带来的健康后果，因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“…physiotherapist Diane Slater and colleagues review the current research and conclude that there is no strong evidence that slouching aggravates back pain, or even that a perfect posture exists.” 意为：“物理治疗师黛安·斯莱特及其同事回顾当前研究并得出结论：没有有力证据表明萎靡驼背的姿态会加重背痛，甚至没有证据表明存在完美姿势。”该句直接给出研究结论，因此答案为C。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A 2014 study by Johannes Michalak and colleagues found that depressed participants in a slumped seated position remembered more negative words than positive, but this improved once they sat upright.” 意为：“约翰内斯·米哈拉克及同事在2014年的研究发现，抑郁参与者在萎靡驼背的坐姿下记住的负面词比正面词更多，但当他们坐直后情况有所改善。”这说明含不良姿势影响情绪记忆，因此正确答案为C。Q4. A.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Something both sides seem to agree on is that we should avoid staying in one static posture throughout the day – we should change positions and stretch. The human spine is designed to be on the move, and a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of back pain.” 意为：“双方似乎都同意，我们应避免整天一动不动——而是应改变姿势并伸展身体。人体脊柱本就是为了活动而设计，久坐的生活方式会增加背痛风险。” 由此可推断，规律性活动有助于减少背痛风险，因此答案为A。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。题目出处为：“The human spine is designed to be on the move, and a sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of back pain. If you’re unable to do this, slouching in front of your computer all day may cause you discomfort, but the evidence tells us it’s not actually damaging your spine.” 意为：“人体脊柱本就是为了活动而设计，久坐会增加背痛风险。如果你做不到在这一点，一整天在电脑前萎靡驼背的姿态就可能会让你不舒服，但证据显示，这并不会真正损害你的脊椎。”全文核心观点即：姿势不是唯一重要因素，规律活动比保持“完美姿势”更关键，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 将结核病列为全球卫生资助的优先事项

将结核病列为全球卫生资助的优先事项Prioritizing Tuberculosis in Global Health Funding常速 | 五级（偏难）| 239词 | 2min01s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What challenge does the US President’s foreign aid freeze pose? A. It limits the Global Fund’s ability to combat infectious diseases. B. It increases the prevalence of tuberculosis in impoverished nations. C. It reduces funding for malaria and HIV prevention programs. D. It affects global development, especially in fighting diseases. Q2. How has the Global Fund contributed to malaria prevention?A. By developing vaccines for malaria eradication. B. By providing bed nets and rapid diagnostic tests. C. By allocating $6.48 billion to malaria research. D. By focusing on improving healthcare accessibility. Q3. Why does tuberculosis receive less funding compared to malaria and HIV?A. It affects fewer people globally. B. It is considered less preventable than other diseases. C. It is largely ignored despite its high death toll. D. It thrives in wealthy nations with better healthcare systems. Q4. Why does the author argue that eradicating tuberculosis is achievable?A. Because tuberculosis affects fewer people than malaria and HIV. B. Because research shows that increased investment can save millions of lives. C. Because tuberculosis is less complex and easier to treat than other diseases. D. Because wealthy nations are committed to eradicating tuberculosis globally. Q5. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The need for increased funding to combat tuberculosis. B. The challenges of eradicating malaria and HIV globally. C. The role of foreign aid in global health development. D. The achievements of the Global Fund in disease prevention. Part II. TRANSCRIPTPrioritizing Tuberculosis in Global Health Funding(Q1) US President Donald Trump’s foreign aid freeze presents challenges for global development, especially in combating diseases. Amid these uncertainties, the Geneva-based Global Fund remains a vital force in fighting infectious diseases like malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis.malaria n. 疟疾 tuberculosis n. 结核病 The Global Fund has achieved significant progress in malaria and HIV treatment. (Q2) From 2023-25, it allocated $4.17 billion to malaria prevention, which has reduced cases and deaths in countries like Rwanda and Zambia through bed nets and rapid diagnostic tests. For HIV, $6.48 billion has been spent on antiretroviral therapy and prevention education, transforming HIV into a manageable condition.allocate v. 分配，拨款 diagnostic adj. 诊断的，鉴别的 However, tuberculosis receives only $2.4 billion - just 18% of the budget - despite killing more people than malaria and HIV combined. Tuberculosis disproportionately affects impoverished communities, thriving where living conditions are poor and healthcare is inaccessible.disproportion n. 不成比例，失衡 impoverish v. 使贫困 (Q3) Historically devastating in wealthier nations, it is now largely ignored, even though it claims 1.3 million lives annually, surpassing HIV/AIDS and malaria combined.devastate v. 毁灭，极度震惊 surpass v. 超越，超过 (Q4) Eradicating tuberculosis is achievable with increased investment. Research shows that $6.2 billion annually could save 1 million lives each year, reducing deaths by 90% by 2030. This investment offers a remarkable return, with benefits outweighing costs by 46 to 1.eradicate v. 根除，消灭 outweigh v. 超过，胜过 (Q5) The Global Fund must reassess its priorities to allocate more resources to tuberculosis, a preventable and curable disease that continues to kill millions. Greater global generosity and focus on tuberculosis could transform lives and deliver unparalleled health outcomes.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】细节题。根据“US President Donald Trump’s foreign aid freeze presents challenges for global development, especially in combating diseases.”，可知美国总统冻结外国援助给全球发展带来了挑战，尤其是在抗击疾病方面。因此，正确答案为D。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“From 2023-25, it allocated $4.17 billion to malaria prevention, which has reduced cases and deaths in countries like Rwanda and Zambia through bed nets and rapid diagnostic tests.”，可知从2023到2025年，全球基金拨款41.7亿美元用于疟疾预防，通过提供蚊帐和快速诊断测试减少了卢旺达和赞比亚等国家的病例和死亡人数。因此，正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Historically devastating in wealthier nations, it is now largely ignored, even though it claims 1.3 million lives annually, surpassing HIV/AIDS and malaria combined.”，尽管结核病每年夺去130万人的生命，超过艾滋病和疟疾的总和，但现在却被大幅忽视。 因此，正确答案为C。Q4.B.【解析】推理题。根据“Eradicating tuberculosis is achievable with increased investment. Research shows that $6.2 billion annually could save 1 million lives each year, reducing deaths by 90% by 2030.”，可知通过增加投资，消除结核病是可以实现的。研究表明，每年投入62亿美元可以挽救100万人的生命，到2030年将死亡人数减少90%。因此，正确答案为B。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。根据“The Global Fund must reassess its priorities to allocate more resources to tuberculosis, a preventable and curable disease that continues to kill millions.”，最后一段呼吁全球基金必须重新评估其优先事项，将更多资源分配给结核病。因此，正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组特等奖潘紫萌说课

说课点评：在30分钟的准备时间里，读完、理解一篇800多词的商务英语文章，记住文章的结构和要点，设计出一套有理论指导、教学理念清晰、目标合理、结构完整、方法得当，最好再带点创新的教学方案，然后在10分钟的时间里，用英语条理清晰地把它展示出来，这对任何商务英语教师来讲都是一项重大的挑战。潘紫萌老师首先分析了课文，根据内容将其解构成三大部分。选手将第二部分（第3-8段）归纳成 promotion, price and place 和将第三部分（第9段）归纳成对计划进入中国市场的外国企业的忠告，这都是正确的。但是，她把第一部分（第1-2段）归纳成product，进而把前两部分归纳成营销学中著名的4P战略，这种做法有待商榷。因为课文的第1段主要讲两个问题：1）营销战略如何在中国成功，2）这些战略如何根据中国人的喜好以及对产品或服务的认知进行调整，而不是具体的产品。也许是准备的时间非常紧迫，选手对课文的理解和归纳出现了偏差。然后，潘老师分析了学生的特点。在教学模式上，她采取以学生为中心、以产出为导向的教学模式。其教学目标包括商务英语知识、商务技能和伦理价值。在具体的教学方法上，她例举了基于任务的教学、基于讨论的教学、案例教学、学生参与的测评等，并强调要综合利用线上线下教学资源。在学习测评上，她采用师生共同参与的方式，以增强教学效果。至于具体的教学步骤，她采用BOPPPS模式，再加课后作业。以上教学方案应该说中规中矩，显示出潘老师对商务英语教学的理论、模式、方法和测评等各要素有比较全面的了解。潘老师最亮眼的表现是在10分钟的时间里，用流利的英语将其教学方案展现出来，而且条理清晰，相关的教学理论、教学方法、商务知识、商务案例均了然于胸，信手拈来，同时口到手到，同步将所讲内容写到白板上，手起笔落，一气呵成。在提问阶段，潘老师的表现依旧出色，理解到位，回答中肯，表现出较高的英语基本功和商务、人文素养。不过有的回答可以再精炼一些。比如在回答第一个问题时，把EGP，EOP，EAP，ESP 的定义都讲了一遍，有点啰嗦。总而言之，潘紫萌在说课中表现突出，是一位素质比较全面、经验比较丰富的优秀商务英语教师。点评专家：陈准民

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

新文科英语系列：音乐英语教程 第1册 Unit 12 Spark Musical Interest

乐学汉语（增订版）基础篇 第1册 第3课 PPT课件