全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程2的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

时文选读 | 噩梦对健康有害吗？

噩梦对健康有害吗？Are nightmares bad for your health?考研 | 479词刘立军供稿Part I. PassageMost people have experienced a nightmare at some point in their lives. For centuries, people believed that bad dreams were caused by evil spirits that visited sleepers during the night. Although modern science no longer accepts such explanations, many people still wonder whether nightmares can affect their health. Recent research suggests that they can.Occasional nightmares are common and usually harmless. However, people who experience them frequently, such as once a week or more, may face a number of health risks. Researchers estimate that between 2% and 6% of people suffer from frequent nightmares, and studies have found that this group is more likely to experience both physical and mental health problems.Some of these connections are not surprising. Conditions such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder are often accompanied by nightmares. People who live with long-term pain may also experience it more often. More surprisingly, researchers have found links between nightmares and other serious health conditions, including certain brain disorders, heart disease, and immune system problems. In some cases, nightmares may even appear years before other symptoms become obvious.One researcher, Dr. Abidemi Otaiku, examined data from several long-term studies involving more than 180,000 adults and 2,500 children in Britain and the United States. His findings showed that people who experienced nightmares at least once a week were much more likely to die before the age of 70 than those who rarely had them. In fact, frequent nightmares appeared to be a stronger predictor of early death than some well-known risk factors, including obesity and an unhealthy diet.Why might this be the case? One possible explanation is stress. Nightmares often trigger strong emotional reactions and increase the production of stress hormones in the body. According to Dr. Otaiku, people who frequently experience nightmares tend to show signs of faster aging at the cellular level, which may be linked to these stress hormones. His research suggests that such biological changes could account for about 40% of the increased risk of premature death among frequent nightmare sufferers. However, researchers still do not know what explains the remaining 60% of the risk. Although more research is needed, these findings suggest that the long-term effects of stress may play an important role in the relationship between nightmares and poor health.The good news is that nightmares should not simply be accepted as a normal part of life. They may serve as an early warning sign that something is wrong, whether physically or psychologically. Treatments such as counseling, stress-management techniques, and certain medications can help reduce the frequency of nightmares for some people.Although scientists still have much to learn about why nightmares occur, the growing body of evidence suggests that they deserve more attention. Paying attention to recurring nightmares may not only improve sleep quality but also help people identify and address potential health problems before they become more serious.【Vocabulary】1. post-traumatic adj. 创伤后的 Part II. QuestionsQ1. According to the passage, how common are frequent nightmares in the general population?A. About 10% to 15% of the population.B. Roughly 2% to 6% of the population.C. Nearly half of the population.D. Less than 1% of the population.Q2. What did Dr. Otaiku find by analyzing some long-term studies?A. People with frequent nightmares often recover from illness more slowly.B. Nightmares mainly affect children rather than adults.C. Frequent nightmares are linked with a higher risk of dying early.D. Most people who die early suffer from neurological diseases.Q3. According to the passage, what may partly explain the increased risk of early death among people prone to nightmares?A. Accelerated aging at the cellular level.B. Lack of regular physical exercise.C. Poor sleeping environments.D. Increased consumption of unhealthy food.Q4. What does the speaker imply about the link between nightmares and poor health?A. It is primarily caused by genetic factors.B. It has been fully explained by current research.C. Long-term stress may significantly contribute to it.D. It only affects people with pre-existing mental disorders.Q5. What does the author suggest about the medical study of nightmares?A. It has already produced many effective treatments.B. It focuses mainly on neurological diseases.C. It is no longer necessary because the causes are clear.D. It is still insufficient and should receive more attention.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。本题考查文章中关于“经常做噩梦的人群比例”的具体信息。题目出处为：“Researchers estimate that between 2% and 6% of people suffer from frequent nightmares ...”。 意为：“研究员估计大约2%到6%的人经常做噩梦……”因此B项为正确答案。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。本题考查研究结论。题目出处为：“His findings showed that people who experienced nightmares at least once a week were much more likely to die before the age of 70 than those who rarely had them.”。 意为：“他的研究发现，每周至少做一次噩梦的人，在70岁之前死亡的概率比极少做噩梦的人高得多。”该句直接说明频繁噩梦与更高的早逝风险之间存在明显关联，因此C项正确。Q3.A.【解析】细节题。本题考查导致早逝风险增加的生物学解释。题目出处为：“According to Dr. Otaiku, people who frequently experience nightmares tend to show signs of faster aging at the cellular level, which may be linked to these stress hormones. His research suggests that such biological changes could account for about 40% of the increased risk of premature death among frequent nightmare sufferers.”。意为：“据Otaiku博士介绍，经常做噩梦的人在细胞层面往往表现出加速衰老的迹象，这可能与应激激素有关。他的研究指出，这类生理变化能够解释频繁受噩梦困扰者早逝风险升高近四成的原因。” 这句话说明容易做噩梦的人在细胞层面会出现加速衰老的迹象，这在某种程度上导致他们早逝的风险增多。因此A项正确。Q4. C.【解析】推理题。本题要求根据文章信息进行逻辑推断。题目出处为：“Although more research is needed, these findings suggest that the long-term effects of stress may play an important role in the relationship between nightmares and poor health.”。意为：“尽管还需更多研究，但这些发现表明，压力所带来的长期影响可能在噩梦与健康恶化之间扮演着关键角色。”这说明长期压力可能与噩梦和健康不佳之间有强相关的关系，与选项C完全对应。Q5. D.【解析】主旨观点题。本题考查作者在文章结尾表达的总体态度。题目出处为：“Although scientists still have much to learn about why nightmares occur, the growing body of evidence suggests that they deserve more attention.”。意为：“尽管科学家对噩梦成因仍知之甚少，但越来越多的证据表明，噩梦值得引起更多关注。”这句话表明，作者认为目前医学界对噩梦的研究还不够，需要进一步加强，因此D项正确。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 大学生能忍住一个多小时不碰手机吗？

大学生能忍住一个多小时不碰手机吗？Can College Students Stand to Ditch Their Phones for an Hour or So? 文本难度：考研Nearly every student clutches a phone in one hand as they traverse the University of Central Florida campus, even while walking in groups. Laptops and tablets are lunchtime companions, and earbuds and headphones are routine accessories. While waiting for class to start, many students sit in silence, drawn into their devices. 在中佛罗里达大学的校园里，几乎每个学生手里都紧紧攥着一部手机，哪怕是一群人结伴而行也是如此。笔记本电脑和平板成了午餐时间的标配，耳机和耳塞更是日常必备。在课前等待的间隙，许多学生也是安静坐着，全身心沉浸在自己的电子设备中。It is a familiar and exasperating scene for Seán Killingsworth, 22, a former U. C. F. Student. “What is this life I’m signing up for?” he asked himself during his sophomore year. “It was just like, I’m talking to a bunch of zombies.” 对于22岁、曾在中佛罗里达大学上过学的肖恩·基林斯沃思（Seán Killingsworth）来说，这是一幕既熟悉又令人无奈的场景。“我来读大学就是为了过这种生活吗？”他在大二时曾这样问自己，“感觉我就像在跟一群行尸走肉说话。”Mr. Killingsworth craved a space where he could chat with his peers without feeling as though he was intruding. When he was in high school, he ran into similar conundrums, so he would organize phone-free hangouts with friends. Why not in college too? 基林斯沃思渴望能有这样一个空间，能让他可以和同龄人畅聊，而不会觉得自己在打扰别人。上高中时，他也遇到过类似的难题，所以他会组织朋友们一起进行“无手机聚会”。既然如此，为什么上了大学就不能这么做呢？In 2023, he helped bring the idea of no-phone social time to two different Florida campuses – U. C. F. And Rollins College. He called it the Reconnect Movement: During meetings, everyone was required to hand over their phone and socialize without devices, a concept that has become a big draw for like-minded students. 2023年，他将“无手机社交时间”的理念带到了佛罗里达州的两所高校——中佛罗里达大学和罗林斯学院。他称之为“重连运动（Reconnect Movement）”：在聚会期间，每个人都必须上交手机，在没有电子设备干扰的情况下进行交流。这一理念对许多志同道合的学生产生了巨大吸引力。Reconnect’s popularity dovetails with a cultural shift in how smartphones and social media are perceived by adults and adolescents alike. Experts have sounded the alarm about the potential mental health dangers of digital media, even though it’s hard to prove a causal connection between this technology and the rising rates of loneliness, anxiety and depression in young people. “重连运动”的流行，恰与成年人和青少年对智能手机及社交媒体的看法发生文化性转变的现象相呼应。尽管目前很难证明数字媒体与年轻人中日益加剧的孤独、焦虑和抑郁发生率之间存在直接的因果关系，专家们还是就其可能带来的心理健康隐患敲响了警钟。Campaigns to reduce or delay smartphone use like “Wait Until 8th” and books like Jonathan Haidt’s best-selling “The Anxious Generation” have struck a deep chord, particularly with parents. 诸如“等到八年级再用手机（Wait Until 8th）”这类旨在减少或推迟使用智能手机的倡议，以及乔纳森·海特（Jonathan Haidt）的畅销书《焦虑的一代》（The Anxious Generation）等书籍，都深深触动了公众，尤其是家长群体。Student-led movements have often encouraged phone abstinence, but Mr. Killingsworth’s Reconnect Movement doesn’t push students to change their relationship with technology. Instead, it aims to create what he called “human connection habitats” that eliminate the need for willpower. 以往由学生发起的运动往往鼓励大家戒掉手机，但基林斯沃思的“重连运动”并没有强迫学生去改变自身与科技的关系。相反，它的目标是打造他所说的“人类联结栖息地”，让人们不再需要依靠意志力来抵抗手机的诱惑。The idea isn’t particularly novel, Mr. Killingsworth said, but novel isn’t what his generation needs. “Gen Z needs a normal that we’ve never experienced,” he said. 基林斯沃思表示，这个想法其实并不新奇，但他这一代人需要的本就不是新奇，“Z世代需要的是一种我们从未体验过的‘正常生活’。”On a recent sticky afternoon nearly 40 students gathered at the U. C. F. Campus arboretum for the first Reconnect meeting of the fall semester. After surrendering their devices to a “phone valet,” they sat cross-legged on patchwork blankets and prepared to spend one hour without screens. 最近，在一个闷热潮湿的下午，近40名学生聚集在中佛罗里达大学校园的树木园，举行秋季学期的第一次“重连”聚会。在将设备交给“手机代管员”后，他们盘腿坐在拼布毯子上，准备共同度过一个小时没有电子屏幕的时光。As a CD player belted out reggae music from the band Stick Figure, many of the students began to make eye contact and small talk. You would be forgiven for thinking you had been transported back 20 years. 当CD机播放起 Stick Figure 乐队的雷鬼音乐，许多学生开始看向彼此并闲聊起来。这一幕，难免让人恍惚，以为自己穿越回了二十年前。【词汇】1. traverse v. 横穿；走过2. exasperating adj.使人沮丧的3. sophomore n. （高中或大学的）二年级学生4. zombie n. 僵尸；行尸走肉般的人5. conundrum n. 难题6. dovetail v. 完美契合7. causal adj.有因果关系的8. abstinence n.戒除9. Gen Z n. Z世代（通常指1997-2012年间出生的人）10. arboretum n. 植物园；树木园11. valet n. 男仆从，文中特指帮忙保管手机的人12. reggae n. 雷鬼音乐（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 负能量之人会使身边人加速衰老

负能量之人会使身边人加速衰老How Toxic People Make Us Age Faster常速 | 六级 | 570词 | 4min25s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. In which scientific journal was the new study on toxic social ties published?A. The Lancet.B. Nature.C. Journal of the American Medical Association.D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Q2. What advanced method was used in the study to measure the volunteers’ biological age?A. Blood pressure monitoring.B. Genetic sequencing analysis.C. Hormone level testing.D. DNA methylation-based aging clocks.Q3. What percentage of the volunteers reported having at least one toxic person in their social network?A. 8.1%.B. 10%.C. 28.8%.D. 38.8%.Q4. Why might a toxic spouse have a weaker effect on aging than toxic friends or family members?A. Because people usually spend less time with their spouses than with friends.B. Because the positive aspects of marriage may reduce some negative effects.C. Because toxic friends are generally more aggressive than toxic spouses.D. Because spouses are more likely to receive professional help for their issues.Q5. What is the main message that the passage intends to convey?A. Toxic people accelerate aging and should be avoided to promote healthier aging.B. The biological aging process is determined by a person’s social network.C. Marriage can offer total protection against the negative effects of toxic people.D. Women are more likely than men to have toxic people in their social network.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow Toxic People Make Us Age FasterHow bad are toxic people for physical health?Supportive and positive social relationships with friends and family members can have many positive effects on health and mental well-being. In contrast, toxic friends or family members that are overly hostile, permanently passive-aggressive, or purposefully difficult can become huge stressors. Chronic stress has all sorts of negative effects on both mental and physical health. For example, stress research has shown that chronic stress can accelerate ageing and increase inflammation.inflammation n. 炎症This implies an intriguing research question: Do toxic people not only worsen our mental health, but do they maybe also have a very real effect on biological age and accelerate the ageing process due to all the stress they cause?A new study on toxic social ties, accelerated aging, and inflammation(Q1) A new study, just published in the prestigious scientific journal “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” (or in short: PNAS), was focused on finding out whether toxic people accelerate biological aging (Lee and co-workers, 2026). In the study entitled “Negative social ties as emerging risk factors for accelerated aging, inflammation, and multimorbidity”, (Q2) the research team led by scientist Byungkyu Lee from New York University used an advanced biological method called DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks. This method allowed them to determine the biological age of the volunteers in their study. Overall, data from more than 2,300 volunteers from Indiana were analyzed in the study. For each volunteer, the scientists determined their social networks and whether they had one or more “hasslers” in their social network. “Hasslers” were people who caused the person too much stress and difficulty. Moreover, saliva samples were collected from the volunteers to perform the advanced DNA methylation-based determination of their biological age. Moreover, the volunteers filled out further questionnaires on health and mental health.multimorbidity n. 多病症methylation-based adj. 基于甲基化的hassler n. 困难，麻烦saliva n. 唾液questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表Results of the study: Toxic people accelerate agingOverall, the volunteers identified 8.1 percent of the overall number of people in their social networks as toxic “hasslers.” (Q3) Overall, 28.8 percent of volunteers reported having one or more toxic people in their social networks. 10 percent of volunteers had two or more toxic people in their social network. Women were more likely than men to have at least one toxic person in their social network. Moreover, people who felt like others depended on them a lot were more likely to have toxic people in their network.The analysis showed that each toxic person led to a 1.5 percent faster ageing process. On average, the biological age of volunteers with toxic people in their social networks was 9 months higher than that of people of the same birth age without toxic friends or family members. (Q4) Interestingly, toxic family members or toxic friends had stronger effects on ageing than toxic spouses. This may be the case because the positive effects of marriage, such as reduced loneliness, may buffer some of the negative effects of toxic social contacts. Last but not least, having a toxic person in the social network also affected multiple further biological parameters beyond biological ageing, such as inflammation levels.buffer v. 减缓，减少Take-Away: Stay away from toxic peopleThe study clearly showed that toxic friends or family members have very real biological effects. They not only cause reduced mental well-being and frustration but also accelerate ageing and increase inflammation in the body. (Q5) This suggests that for healthy ageing and general well-being, reducing contact with toxic people is highly important.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“A new study, just published in the prestigious scientific journal ‘Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America’ (or in short: PNAS).”。 该句明确指出了期刊名称，即著名的科学杂志《美国国家科学院院刊》（简称PNAS），因此，正确答案为D。Q2. D.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The research team used an advanced biological method called DNA methylation-based biological aging clocks. This method allowed them to determine the biological age of the volunteers.”。 意为：“研究团队使用了一种先进的生物学方法，叫做‘基于DNA甲基化的生物年龄时钟’。这种方法使他们能够确定志愿者的生物学年龄。” 因此，正确答案为D。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Overall, 28.8 percent of volunteers reported having one or more toxic people in the social network.”。 意为：“总体而言，28.8%的志愿者称其社交网络中有一个或多个‘带有负能量的’的人。” 因此，正确答案为C。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“Interestingly, toxic family members or toxic friends had stronger effects on ageing than toxic spouses. This may be the case because the positive effects of marriage, such as reduced loneliness, may buffer some of the negative effects of toxic social contacts.”。 意为：“有趣的是，带有负能量的家人或朋友比负能量配偶对衰老的影响更大。这或许是因为婚姻带来的积极影响如减少孤独感等，在一定程度上缓冲了带有负能量的社交关系所带来的部分负面影响。”由此正确答案为B。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。结合全文，文章的核心观点是远离带有负能量之人以促进健康，减缓衰老，因此，正确答案为A。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼

最好的管教，从来不是嘶吼Yelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else Does常速 | 五级（偏难） | 632词 | 4min9s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What does the data from applied behavior analysis (ABA) indicate about the effect of verbal redirections?A. They effectively stop children’s problem behaviors.B. They often make the children’s behaviors worse.C. They work better when combined with rewards.D. They are the most common parenting strategy.Q2. According to the passage, why do parents keep using aversive strategies like yelling?A. They are proven to be scientifically effective.B. They help the child learn self-control faster.C. Parents feel better, and they sometimes work.D. Most parenting experts recommend them.Q3. What happens when parents intend punishment as aversiveness?A. The child’s problem behavior improves at once.B. Both parents and children may find it rewarding.C. The child becomes more afraid of the parent.D. Parents usually stop using punishment entirely.Q4. What can be inferred about the “replacement behavior” strategy mentioned in the passage?A. It rewards good behaviors to reduce bad ones.B. It punishes problem behaviors more strictly.C. It only works for neurodivergent children.D. It asks parents to ignore problem behaviors.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Yelling is the most effective way to correct children.B. Parents should never use any form of punishment.C. ABA data proves isolation is the best response.D. Aversive strategies backfire; rewarding works better.Part II. TRANSCRIPTYelling at Your Child Won’t Work—but Something Else DoesIn the world of applied behavior analysis (ABA), what matters most is the data. (Q1) Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse. In this post, we will explore why yelling at a child seldom works in the long run and how to win the battle of wills with your child.verbal adj. 口头的；言语的redirection n. 转向，此处指教导What Is Punishment?Many modern parenting movements cast punishment in a negative light. However, punishment in ABA is simply the application of an outcome that decreases the chances of a behavior recurring. It is not the harsh (often called aversive) response to a child. But, many folks confuse aversives—yelling, spanking, social isolation—with punishment.recur v. 再发生；反复出现aversive adj. 厌恶的 n. 任何令人不快或痛苦的刺激物spanking n. 打屁股（尤指打小孩）Another form of punishment is often called positive punishment. Positive punishment usually works, while aversives typically are not nearly as effective. So why do people keep using aversive strategies?(Q2) The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work. If it works just enough—and randomly enough—the decrease or elimination of the child’s problem behavior is rewarding to the parent. That random pattern of success builds a surprisingly durable habit of reaching for aversives. Unfortunately, what works best will never be tried if aversives are the main strategy. But what if there’s a better approach?When Do Punishments Become Rewards?(Q3) When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding. These two dynamics define the major ways “punishments” become rewards.What to Do: 3 Steps to Change a Child’s Behavior1. Define Punishment and Problem BehaviorsKeep in mind that punishment reduces—or eliminates—a problem behavior. By holding onto that as your goal, you can refocus when things get hard. Ask yourself: “What specifically do I want my child to stop doing?”2. Find the Replacement Behavior(Q4) One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out. Adding a reward to compete with the problem behavior is more effective, and frankly more pleasant for everyone, than adding a consequence to the problem behavior itself.A problem behavior keeps happening because of what it produces. Attention is often the payoff. If we know the reward is attention, the next question is: What do we want the child to do instead? Once we identify an alternative, we can reward that replacement behavior consistently and drive down the problem behavior simultaneously.simultaneously adv. 同时地3. Change How You ReactThis is the hardest step—and the most important. Parents will need to:Decide what the replacement behavior looks like;Teach it by setting an example;Prompt it in situations that used to trigger yelling;Praise it heavily and pay real attention when the child uses it;Notice it even when unprompted, so the reinforcement stays consistent;Soon, the replacement behavior will take over, and the old triggers will lose their pull.What to Do if You Need HelpParents of neurodivergent children, in particular, often find themselves responding to aggressive or self-injurious behaviors with anxious or angry attention—largely because those behaviors are overwhelming. That’s not failure; that’s human. But outside help can make the difference. Finding a provider with genuine ABA expertise can turn things around faster than going it alone.neurodivergent adj. 神经多样的（大脑处理信息方式异于常人的）Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“Many parents use verbal redirections — often born of anger — to stop their children’s behaviors, even though the data indicate the behaviors don’t actually stop. In fact, they often get worse.”。 意为：“很多家长一着急就冲孩子吼，想用言语制止他们的行为，可数据显示，这么做根本没用——孩子的行为非但没停，反而常常愈演愈烈。”该句明确指出数据表明口头教导往往使孩子的行为变得更糟，因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The answer is often that the parent feels better when they yell or place their child alone in a room. Sometimes, using an aversive might even work.”。 意为：“答案其实是：很多时候，父母吼完或者把孩子单独关在房间里，自己心里会觉得好受些。有时候，这种惩罚手段甚至还真能见效。”因此正确答案为C。Q3. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“When we use punishment to mean aversiveness, what parents intend as punishment often turns into a reward—for everyone involved. Parents feel less anger or stress after yelling at a child, and that reduction in negative emotion is rewarding for them. When children receive attention, even attention that carries angry words, the attention itself can be rewarding.” 意为：“当我们把‘惩罚’理解为施加令人不快的刺激时，父母本意是想惩罚孩子，结果却常常变成了对所有人的‘奖励’。父母冲孩子吼完之后，怒气或压力减轻了——这种负面情绪的缓解对他们来说就是一种奖励；而对孩子来说，哪怕得到的是带着怒意的关注，关注本身就足以成为一种奖励。”该句明确指出父母所以为的惩罚实际上对家长和孩子都可能变成一种奖励，因此正确答案为B。Q4. A.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“One underused strategy is simply adding something good to a behavior you want to see more of—a replacement behavior. When parents deliberately reward an alternative behavior, the problem behavior gets crowded out.”。 意为：“有一个常被忽视的策略，其实很简单：在你希望孩子多做的行为上，主动‘加点甜头’——也就是用一个替代行为来取代问题行为。当父母有意识地去奖励这个替代行为时，原来的问题行为自然就被‘挤掉’了。”因此，正确答案为A。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。综合全文，文章的核心观点是喊叫等厌恶型策略往往适得其反，而奖励替代行为等积极方法更为有效，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 朋友为何有时不可靠

朋友为何有时不可靠Why friends are sometimes unreliable 常速 | 五级（难）| 336词 | 2min8s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the text, what is one personality trait linked to being unreliable? A. Being overly organized. B. Being less conscientious. C. Being more extroverted. D. Being highly agreeable. Q2. What is one reason technology makes it easier for people to cancel plans? A. It eliminates the need for real-life interaction. B. It provides instant gratification through social media. C. It allows people to cancel plans with minimal effort. D. It encourages people to confront their friends directly. Q3. What does the 2017 study suggest about American millennials? A. They are more likely to withdraw from social commitments. B. They prefer face-to-face communication over text messages. C. They are less likely to use social media for cancellations. D. They value real-life interactions more than older generations. Q4. What can be inferred about older generations compared to millennials regarding social commitments? A. They are more likely to use technology to cancel plans. B. They are less likely to withdraw from social arrangements. C. They are equally comfortable with last-minute cancellations. D. They are more likely to overbook themselves socially. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To explore why people are reluctant to confront their friends. B. To analyze the reasons behind people being unreliable. C. To suggest ways to improve time management skills. D. To compare social habits across different generations. Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy friends are sometimes unreliable Do you have a friend who happily agrees to your plans, only to disappear when the time eventually comes? Maybe they flake on you and cancel last minute, or just don’t tell you and then ghost you completely. Or just maybe, it’s you that sometimes lets people down. What lies behind this reluctance to keep to engagements?flake v. 爽约，失信 reluctance n. 不情愿，勉强 It could be our personality traits. (Q1) According to psychology professor Richard Koestner, less conscientious or agreeable people tend to have less concern for others and are more likely to overbook themselves socially. While this can be due to bad time management, it can also be because people are afraid of confrontation and saying no to their friends, so end up agreeing to things that they don’t really want to do.trait n. 特性，特点 Technology could be another factor behind people’s willingness to back out of social commitments. Firstly, (Q2) being able to cancel plans with a simple text message or pressing a ‘not attending’ button on an invitation, rather than doing it face-to-face or through an awkward phone call, is a much more frictionless way to say you have changed your mind. On top of this, people have become used to the instant gratification offered by social media and streaming platforms. Does this make real-life interaction seem mundane and arduous by comparison? Could it be generational? (Q3) A 2017 study found that 45% of American millennials saw nothing wrong with withdrawing from social arrangements. (Q4) Older generations were less likely to pull out of events that they had been invited to.mundane adj. 平凡的，乏味的 arduous adj. 艰难的，费力的 Whatever lies behind it, psychologists have advice for us. Kurt Gray from the University of North Carolina recommends a simple phone call to reinforce human connection. Andrea Bonior from Georgetown University tells us to gently let our friends know that being let down disrupts us and makes us feel less valued. Caution is important though. Life coach Kira Asatryan reminds us that sometime people withdraw, not out of disrespect, but because they themselves feel anxious, stressed or sad.disrespect n. 不尊重，轻视 Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“According to psychology professor Richard Koestner, less conscientious or agreeable people tend to have less concern for others and are more likely to overbook themselves socially.”，可知缺乏责任心或不太随和的人往往不太关心他人，更可能在社交上安排过度，更容易失信。正确答案为B。 Q2. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Being able to cancel plans with a simple text message or pressing a ‘not attending’ button on an invitation, rather than doing it face-to-face or through an awkward phone call, is a much more frictionless way to say you have changed your mind.”，可知科技发展使得通过简单的短信或点击按钮就能取消计划，无需当面沟通或通过尴尬的电话，也就是说花费极少精力就能取消计划。正确答案为C。 Q3. A.【解析】细节题。根据“A 2017 study found that 45% of American millennials saw nothing wrong with withdrawing from social arrangements.”，可知2017年的研究发现，45%的美国千禧一代认为退出社交安排并无不妥，说明他们更容易反悔爽约。正确答案为A。 Q4. B.【解析】推理题。根据“Older generations were less likely to pull out of events that they had been invited to.”，可知老一辈人不太可能退出他们被邀请的活动，从中可以推断，老一辈人相比千禧一代更少取消已定的社交活动，因此正确答案为B。 Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。根据全文，文章主要讨论了人们有时不可靠的原因，包括性格特质、科技和代际差异的影响，因此正确答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 教育网红猝然离世，他曾为千万学子规划“成功路径”

教育网红猝然离世，他曾为千万学子规划“成功路径”The Sudden Death of a Man Who Told Chinese Kids How to Succeed常速 | 六级 偏难 | 596词 | 3min27s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What was Zhang Xuefeng known for as China’s most famous education influencer?A. Teaching students how to improve their physical health.B. Giving direct and harsh advice on how to achieve success.C. Encouraging students to pursue their idealistic dreams.D. Writing best-selling books about liberal arts education.Q2. According to the passage, how did Zhang Xuefeng view the liberal arts and finance?A. Liberal arts are good for high-paying jobs, and finance requires luck.B. Liberal arts only suit rich students, and finance is a safe choice.C. Liberal arts mainly lead to service jobs, and finance needs connections.D. Liberal arts offer many opportunities, and finance is easy to enter.Q3. What questions did people on social media ask after Zhang Xuefeng’s sudden death?A. Whether his advice helped young people or discouraged their idealism.B. Whether he regretted being too harsh in his public comments.C. Whether his family would continue his consulting company.D. Whether the government would regulate education influencers.Q4. What can be inferred about Zhang Xuefeng’s attitude towards career choices for students from ordinary families?A. He believed they should pursue their dreams regardless of money.B. He thought they should choose practical majors to support living.C. He suggested they should avoid going to any university at all.D. He argued that only wealthy families have the right to choose.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Zhang believed students should study journalism despite poor job prospects.B. Zhang was the most popular influencer who helped wealthy students.C. Zhang’s videos and livestreams were banned by the government.D. Zhang’s sudden death made people rethink his advice and work culture.Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe Sudden Death of a Man Who Told Chinese Kids How to SucceedAny Chinese parent or student fixated on education — so, basically, most Chinese parents and students — knew the name Zhang Xuefeng. (Q1) As China’s most famous education influencer, Mr. Zhang was known for dispensing ruthlessly blunt advice about how to maximize a student’s chances at success.fixate v. 专注于；对……过分执著(Q2) The liberal arts? Only good for service jobs, he declared. Finance? Don’t bother unless your family has connections. Fast-talking and sharp-tongued, to his detractors, he was cynical and utilitarian. But to his tens of millions of fans, he embodied a rare willingness to acknowledge the harsh realities facing less privileged students, especially in the face of steep inequality and a slowing economy.detractor n. 贬低者；诋毁者utilitarian adj. 功利的；实用主义的So when Mr. Zhang suddenly died on Tuesday at age 41, of cardiac arrest, it prompted an outpouring — not only of shock, but also of reflection.cardiac adj. 心脏的；心脏病的outpouring n. （情感的）涌出，迸发(Q3) On social media, people asked: Had he steered young Chinese to better lives or discouraged their idealism? (5) What did his abrupt death, after he had long complained of being exhausted and overworked, say about China’s hypercompetitive work culture? And if life was so unpredictable, did planning so carefully for success that seemed increasingly out of reach even matter?hypercompetitive adj. 高度竞争的；竞争异常激烈的“Zhang Xuefeng’s lesson to lost young people: Enjoy your life,” was one of the top hashtags on Chinese social media on Wednesday, where news of Mr. Zhang’s death dominated discussion. “Excessive self-discipline” was another, a response to state media reports that Mr. Zhang had collapsed after going for a run in Suzhou, the city in eastern China where he lived.Another popular education influencer, Zhu Wei, posted a long tribute online, praising Mr. Zhang’s vigor and sincerity. Mr. Zhu urged his own students to slow down in their pursuit of test scores and jobs.“But I also know, what’s the cruelest thing about the age of internet traffic? It’s that nothing lasts even a month before it’s forgotten,” Mr. Zhu wrote. “Everyone will soon go back to their usual state, endlessly striving and slogging, never able to stop.”slog v. 埋头苦干；坚持不懈地努力Mr. Zhang was born in a small town in northern China. His real name was Zhang Zibiao, though he later adopted the name Xuefeng. He tested into a middling university, where he studied water supply and drainage, for which he had little enthusiasm, according to interviews he gave. After graduation, he turned to tutoring and college counseling.He shot to fame in 2016, for a video in which he — in what would become his signature rapid-fire, snark-infused patter — summarized China’s top 34 universities in seven minutes. He started a consulting company where he helped students choose majors, internships, and careers based on cold-eyed considerations of their test scores, family backgrounds, and whether they prioritized money or stability. His livestreams attracted hundreds of thousands of views, and his courses could cost thousands of dollars.patter n. 顺口溜；（饶舌的）念叨internship n. 实习；实习期His celebrity came as much from his advice as his willingness to provoke. A comment in 2023 that parents should knock their children unconscious rather than let them study journalism, because of the weak job prospects, set off days of online debate. Critics said he misunderstood the point of education or was suggesting that poorer students shouldn’t follow their dreams.“I come from an ordinary family,” Mr. Zhang wrote in response. (Q4) “If you come from a wealthy family, you have more choices, you can’t choose wrongly. But most families aren’t that well-off, and when choosing a major, you have to choose one that’s suitable and will put food on the table.”Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“As China’s most famous education influencer, Mr. Zhang was known for dispensing ruthlessly blunt advice about how to maximize a student’s chances at success.”。意为：“作为中国最著名的教育类网红，张雪峰以提供直截了当的建议而闻名，这些建议聚焦于如何最大限度地提升学生未来成功的几率。”因此正确答案为B。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“The liberal arts? Only good for service jobs, he declared. Finance? Don’t bother unless your family has connections.”。意为：“人文学科？他宣称只适合服务业。金融？除非家里有关系，否则别费劲了。”该句明确指出张雪峰认为人文学科主要通向服务类工作，而金融行业需要家庭人脉，因此正确答案为C。Q3. A.【解析】细节题。题目出处为：“On social media, people asked: Had he steered young Chinese to better lives or discouraged their idealism?”。 意为：“在社交媒体上，人们纷纷发问：他究竟是引导了中国年轻人走向更好的生活，还是打击了他们的理想主义？”因此正确答案为A。Q4. B.【解析】推理题。题目出处为：“If you come from a wealthy family, you have more choices, you can’t choose wrongly. But most families aren’t that well-off, and when choosing a major, you have to choose one that’s suitable and will put food on the table.”。意为：“如果你来自富裕家庭，你有更多选择，你不会选错。但大多数家庭并不那么富裕，在选择专业时，你必须选择一个合适的、能养家糊口的专业。”该句明确指出张雪峰认为普通家庭的学生应该选择实际且能维持生计的专业，因此正确答案为B。Q5. D.【解析】主旨题。文章的核心内容是张雪峰的突然离世引发了人们对其各种教育建议以及中国高度竞争性的工作文化的反思，因此正确答案为D。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

新启航西班牙语 1（下）080 Lección 18 Canta y recita

交际德语教程（第三版）B1 PPT课件