全新版大学英语视听说教程2

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学英语视听说教程1

《全新版大学英语视听说教程》共四册，每册八单元，突出视听说技能、演讲技能和批判性思维能力的培养。该数字课程每单元包含Listening, Extended Listening, Speaking, TEDTalks, Presentation和Self-test六大部分。听力训练主题广泛、注重听力和记笔记技能的培养，素材包括电视或电台采访、新闻报道、专题讨论等，同时还有与单元主题相关的拓展听力兼顾学生应试需求。口语和语音训练通过人机对话、跟读评分，有效提升学生口语水平。以TED演讲为素材的视频练习，突出记笔记、作演讲能力的培养。数字课程特有的单元自测通过词汇和听力测试有效检验学生的学习效果。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1（思政智慧版）

双语阅读 | 褪黑素安全吗？专家解释潜在风险和益处

褪黑素安全吗？专家解释潜在风险和益处Is Melatonin Safe? Experts Explain the Potential Risks - And the Benefits文本难度：四级刘立军供稿As many as 70 million people in the U.S. have problems with sleep, and many are increasingly turning to melatonin supplements to help them fall asleep. People generally perceive these over-the-counter gummies, liquids and tablets as harmless. But recent research has raised new questions about whether the popular sleep aid is as benign as people assume, especially the longer it’s used. 美国有多达7000万人存在睡眠问题，其中越来越多人开始依赖褪黑素补充剂来助眠。人们普遍认为这类非处方的软糖、口服液和片剂无害，但近期研究却引发了新的担忧：这种广受欢迎的助眠产品是否真如人们所想的那样安全——尤其是在长期使用的情况下？ 1. How does melatonin work in the body? 褪黑素在体内如何产生效果？ Melatonin is a hormone that humans naturally produce, as do all other mammals, including bears. It regulates the body’s circadian rhythm, the 24-hour biological “clock” that influences when we are sleepy or awake and alert. The body’s melatonin levels fluctuate in response to light – the brain’s control center for sleep suppresses levels during the day and boosts levels at night. As the hormone circulates in the bloodstream, it tones down the signals that keep us awake, but it doesn’t cause sleep, says Jennifer Martin, a psychologist at Florida International University. Instead of acting like a sedative, melatonin sends the body biological signals that it’s nighttime. 褪黑素是一种人体自然分泌的激素，其他哺乳动物（包括熊）也会产生。它负责调节人体的昼夜节律——即影响我们何时困倦、何时清醒或保持警觉的24小时生物“钟”。体内褪黑素水平会随光线变化而波动：大脑中控制睡眠的中枢在白天会抑制其分泌，夜间则提升其水平。佛罗里达国际大学的心理学家詹妮弗·马丁（Jennifer Martin）表示，当褪黑素在血液中循环时，它会减弱那些让我们保持清醒的信号，但并不会直接催人入睡。与安眠药不同，褪黑素向身体传递的是“天黑了”的生物信号。 2. What are melatonin’s short-term side effects?褪黑素有哪些短期副作用？ Melatonin supplements are generally considered safe, but some people do report headaches, dizziness, or nausea after exposure. Taking too much at one time can disrupt sleep rather than improve it. Too much of the drug may also trigger something akin to a melatonin hangover the next day: lingering amounts in the blood can cause grogginess and tiredness. 褪黑素补充剂通常被认为是安全的，但有些人服用后会出现头痛、头晕或恶心等症状。一次性摄入过量不仅无助于改善睡眠，反而可能扰乱睡眠。剂量过高还可能引发次日类似“褪黑素宿醉”的反应：血液中残留的褪黑素会让人昏沉乏力、精神不振。 Supplements are sold with doses that are “much, much higher than anybody is naturally producing,” says Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep specialist at Stanford University. The hormone is commonly sold in five-milligram concentrations, though some “extra strength” products say they contain up to 40 milligrams. 斯坦福大学的睡眠专家杰米·蔡策（Jamie Zeitzer）表示，市面上销售的褪黑素补充剂剂量“远远高于人体自然产生的水平”。这类产品通常以5毫克的剂量销售，而某些“加强型”产品甚至标称含量高达40毫克。 “More isn’t better,” Martin says. “For a lot of people, a small dose is the most beneficial.”“剂量并非越多越好，”马丁表示，“对很多人来说，小剂量反而效果最佳。” Getting the right amount can be tricky. While the melatonin used in supplements is chemically identical to that produced in the body, the actual amount of the hormone in these products may not match what’s on their label. Some over-the-counter products contained anywhere from 80 percent less to about 470 percent more melatonin than advertised, a 2017 study found. Melatonin is sold as a supplement, which means such products reach the market without the Food and Drug Administration first evaluating their safety or production standards. Shalini Paruthi, a sleep medicine physician at John J. Cochran Veterans Hospital in St. Louis and spokesperson for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, says to look for U.S. Pharmacopeia-certified products, which are tested for the quantity of their listed ingredients. 要摄入合适的剂量并不容易。尽管补充剂中的褪黑素在化学结构上与人体自身产生的完全相同，但产品中实际含有的激素量可能与标签所标注的不符。2017年的一项研究发现，某些非处方产品的褪黑素含量比标示值少80%或多出约470%。由于褪黑素是以膳食补充剂的形式销售，这类产品无需经过美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）对其安全性或生产标准的预先审查即可上市。圣路易斯市约翰·J·科克伦退伍军人医院的睡眠医学医生、美国睡眠医学会发言人莎莉妮·帕鲁西（Shalini Paruthi）建议选择经美国药典（U.S. Pharmacopeia）认证的产品——这类产品会经过检测，确保其所含成分的计量与标签一致。 3. How does long-term melatonin use affect health?长期使用褪黑素对健康有何影响？ At a conference in early November, researchers at SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University and their colleagues presented an analysis of U.K. medical records that raised concerns about long-term melatonin use. Almost 5 percent of 65,414 adults with insomnia who took melatonin for at least a year experienced heart failure (whereas almost 3 percent of those who did not take the sleep aid did so). People who took melatonin for at least a year were also more than three times as likely to be hospitalized for heart failure and nearly twice as likely to die from any cause compared with those who had no medical record of taking melatonin. 今年11月初的一场会议上，纽约州立大学下州健康科学大学（SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University）的研究人员及其同事公布了一项基于英国医疗记录的分析，引发了对长期使用褪黑素的担忧。在65414名患有失眠症的成年人中，约有5%服用褪黑素至少一年的人出现心力衰竭（而对于未服用褪黑素者，这一比例约为3%）。此外，与没有褪黑素用药记录的人群相比，服用褪黑素至少一年的人因心力衰竭住院的风险高出三倍以上，全因死亡风险也接近翻倍。 But some experts believe the findings, which have not yet been published or peer-reviewed, might say more about the consequences of poor sleep rather than melatonin use. “I don’t see a very good reason for melatonin to be directly involved in [heart failure],” Zeitzer says. Bad sleep is more likely to put extra pressure on the cardiovascular system, he says. Chronic insomnia is already known to be related to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic dysfunction and issues with memory, learning and mental health. A more likely explanation for the new study’s trends is that people with poor sleep are relying on melatonin, which might not be helping them, Martin says. 但一些专家认为，这项尚未发表、也未经同行评审的研究结果，或许更多反映的是睡眠不足本身的危害，而非褪黑素直接所致。他指出，“我实在看不出褪黑素直接导致[心力衰竭]的合理机制，”蔡策表示。更可能的情况是，糟糕的睡眠给心血管系统带来了额外负担。事实上，慢性失眠已被证实与多种健康风险升高相关，包括心血管疾病、代谢紊乱，以及记忆力、学习能力和心理健康问题。马丁认为，新研究所观察到的趋势，更可能是由于睡眠不佳的人群在依赖褪黑素，而褪黑素可能并未真正改善他们的睡眠。 Other long-term studies haven’t found evidence that melatonin harms the heart. But there isn’t much substantial, long-term safety data for melatonin. 其他一些长期研究尚未发现褪黑素损害心脏的证据，但目前关于褪黑素长期使用的安全性，仍缺乏充分、可靠的数据。 4. How effective is melatonin as a sleep aid?褪黑素作为助眠剂的效果如何？ The hype around melatonin is a bit misleading. In placebo-controlled trials, people who take melatonin fell asleep just seven minutes faster on average and slept about eight minutes longer than those who took a placebo. But improvements are larger when participants knew they were getting melatonin. The placebo effect might explain this finding, Martin says. “When you believe something will work, you tend to be a little more relaxed and fall asleep more quickly,” she adds. 围绕褪黑素的宣传具有一些误导性。在安慰剂对照试验中，服用褪黑素的人平均仅比服用安慰剂的人早7分钟入睡，总睡眠时间也只延长了约8分钟。然而，当受试者知道自己服用了褪黑素时，改善效果更为明显。马丁指出，这一现象可能源于安慰剂效应：“当你相信某种东西有效时，往往会更放松，从而更快入睡。” Timing seems to matter, too. In one analysis, taking melatonin about three hours before bedtime and in four-milligram doses led to the greatest improvements. Clinicians typically recommend two-milligram supplements, however. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends melatonin for some sleep issues related to time adjustments such as jet lag and shift work but not for insomnia. 服用时机似乎也很关键。一项分析显示，在睡前约三小时服用4毫克褪黑素，对睡眠的改善效果最佳。不过，临床医生通常推荐使用2毫克剂量的褪黑素。美国睡眠医学会推荐将褪黑素用于改善某些与时间调整相关的睡眠问题（如时差反应或轮班工作所引起的睡眠障碍），但不推荐将其用于治疗失眠症。 If melatonin works for you, keep using it, Zeitzer says. Evidence isn’t strong enough yet to show long-term use improves or worsens health, Martin says. She suggests people should work with a specialist if their sleep problems persist. “There are effective treatments for sleep disorders,” she says. “People don’t have to suffer.” 蔡策表示：“如果你觉得褪黑素对你有效，那就继续使用。”马丁则指出，目前尚无足够证据表明长期使用褪黑素会改善或损害健康。但她建议，如果睡眠问题持续存在，应寻求专科医生的帮助。“睡眠障碍是存在有效的治疗方法的，”她说，“人们不必默默忍受。”【词汇】 1. melatonin n. 褪黑素（一种调节睡眠的激素）2. benign adj. 良性的3. hormone n. 激素4. circadian adj. 昼夜节律的；生理节奏的5. suppress v. 抑制6. akin adj. 类似的；同类的7. hangover n. 宿醉；（引申义）残留不适感8. lingering adj. 拖延的，缓慢消失的9. grogginess n. 昏沉；迷糊状态10. milligram n. 毫克11. over-the-counter product 非处方药12. insomnia n. 失眠13. cardiovascular adj. 心血管的14. chronic adj. 慢性的15. dysfunction n. 功能障碍16. hype n. 大肆宣传；炒作17. placebo n. 安慰剂 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 员工到底该工作多少小时？

员工到底该工作多少小时？How many hours should employees work?常速 | 四级 | 525词 | 3min40s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the passage, why is it difficult to decide on the ideal number of working hours?A. Most people now work from home instead of in offices.B. People value different things in their work and life. C. Employers around the world have different management styles.D. Governments have not agreed on a standard workweek.Q2. What did the study find about workers in Germany and Britain?A. They hoped to work longer for higher pay.B. They preferred a 42-hour workweek.C. They were willing to earn less in exchange for more free time.D. They believed working longer would improve productivity.Q3. What can be inferred from the research on productivity?A. Working longer always leads to better performance.B. Extra working hours become less effective after a certain point.C. Most workers are more productive on Friday afternoons.D. Employers should require everyone to work at least 63 hours a week.Q4. Why might some employers ask existing workers to work longer instead of hiring new employees?A. Experienced workers are always more productive than new ones.B. Existing workers usually prefer longer working hours.C. Hiring new employees involves additional costs.D. Most companies cannot find qualified workers.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A shorter workweek is always better than a longer one.B. Long working hours are the key to career success.C. The ideal workweek depends on different priorities and values.D. Advances in AI will soon replace the traditional workweek.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow many hours should employees work?Many people think of a full-time job as working from nine to five, five days a week. Although working patterns have changed in recent years, the 40-hour workweek is still common in many countries. On average, employed adults around the world work about 42 hours a week. However, this average hides many differences. Men and women often work different hours. Younger and older workers do too. People in richer and poorer countries also have different working patterns.So what is the ideal number of working hours? (Q1) There is no simple answer. Different jobs, different incomes, and different cultures all lead to different opinions. The answer also depends on what people value most.Some people believe that work-life balance should come first. A recent study asked workers how much money they would give up in exchange for working fewer hours. (Q2) In Germany and Britain, many people said they were willing to earn less if they could enjoy more free time. For example, German workers said that a 37-hour workweek would be close to ideal. American workers, however, often preferred to work longer if it meant earning more money.Others believe that productivity is the most important factor. Some research suggests that working fewer hours does not always mean producing less. (Q3) In one study, researchers found that after people worked more than 48 hours a week, each extra hour produced less and less work. After about 63 hours, working longer did not increase total output at all. Many people have probably experienced something similar. Think about how productive you usually feel late on a Friday afternoon.Cost is another factor for employers. (Q4) Hiring a new worker is expensive because companies must pay for benefits such as health insurance and training. Sometimes it is cheaper to ask existing employees to work longer hours than to hire more staff.Safety can also influence working hours. In jobs where people make important decisions, fatigue can have serious consequences. One study found that emergency medical workers made more mistakes near the end of long shifts, and these mistakes sometimes led to tragic results.fatigue n. 疲劳shift n. 班，轮班For some jobs, however, longer hours may improve quality rather than quantity. A study of part-time call-center workers found that they did not answer many more calls when they worked longer. However, the quality of their work improved slightly because they became more familiar with common customer problems.Some business leaders also believe that long working hours show commitment and determination. Startup companies often require employees to work very hard because there are many tasks but only a small team. Even in large companies, working extra hours is often seen as a sign of ambition. Some well-known business leaders have argued that working 60 or even 70 hours a week can lead to greater success.Of course, there are different ways to think about the ideal workweek. Some people believe that performance matters more than the number of hours worked. Others think governments or new technologies such as AI may change the way we work in the future. Whatever your answer is, it reflects not only your workplace or your culture, but also your own values and priorities.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】主旨理解题。题目对应第二段：“There is no simple answer. Different jobs, different incomes, and different cultures all lead to different opinions.” 文章指出，不同的职业、收入和文化背景使人们对理想工作时间有不同看法，因此正确答案为B，即人们在工作和生活中看重的东西各不相同。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目对应第三段：“In Germany and Britain, many people said they were willing to earn less if they could enjoy more free time.”以及“a 37-hour workweek would be close to ideal”。由此可知，德国和英国的许多受访者愿意减少收入来换取更多闲暇时间，因此C正确。Q3. B.【解析】推断题。题目依据第四段：“In one study, researchers found that after people worked more than 48 hours a week, each extra hour produced less and less work. After about 63 hours, working longer did not increase total output at all.” 由此可以推断，超过一定工作时长后，额外工作时间的效率会不断下降，因此B正确。Q4. C.【解析】细节题。题目对应第五段：“Hiring a new worker is expensive because companies must pay for benefits such as health insurance and training. Sometimes it is cheaper to ask existing employees to work longer hours than to hire more staff.” 文中明确指出，招聘新员工需要承担福利和培训等固定成本，因此让现有员工延长工作时间有时更有性价比，故C正确。Q5. C.【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕“What is the ideal workweek?”展开讨论，从工作与生活平衡、生产效率、企业成本、安全、工作质量以及职业发展等多个角度分析不同工作时长的利弊，并在结尾指出：“Whatever your answer is … it reflects … your own values and priorities.” 因此，文章主旨是：理想的工作时间没有统一答案，而是取决于个人和公司的价值观与取舍侧重，故C正确。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

双语阅读 | 推行禁烟竟如此艰难

推行禁烟竟如此艰难It’s Maddeningly Difficult to Ban Smoking文本难度：六级（CET-6）刘立军供稿The U.K.’s landmark generational cigarette ban, which received royal assent in April 2026 and is due to take effect in January 2027, might yield its most dramatic results decades from now, if it sticks around that long. 英国具有里程碑意义的代际禁烟法案于2026年4月获得王室批准，并将于2027年1月正式生效。英国新近出台的禁烟令若能持续落地执行，或许要在数十年后才能显现出最显著的效果。Since tobacco first arrived on the shores of England in the late 16th century, some Brits have wanted to eradicate it. Back in 1604, King James I was so alarmed about his country’s new smoking habit that he imposed a 4,000 percent tariff on the crop. That year, he wrote one of the world’s first anti-tobacco essays, declaring smoking “loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs.” 自16世纪末烟草传入英国起，就有部分英国人希望彻底根除烟草。1604年，詹姆斯一世国王就对国内兴起的吸烟风气深感忧虑，于是对烟草征收税率高达4000%的关税。同年，他撰写了世界上最早的反烟草论著之一，称吸烟“触目生厌、刺鼻难闻、损伤大脑、戕害肺腑”。Despite the best efforts of the king and the generations of anti-tobacco activists who followed him, people in the United Kingdom still smoke. Now advocates are hoping a new law that prohibits anyone born on or after January 1, 2009, from ever buying cigarettes will finally end the habit for good. But the tobacco-free generation, at least in the short term, is unlikely to truly be tobacco-free. 尽管英国国王以及后世一代又一代反烟草人士竭尽全力，很多英国人至今仍在吸烟。如今，支持控烟的人士寄希望于一项新法案：该法案禁止2009年1月1日及以后出生的人购买香烟，期盼以此彻底终结这一恶习。然而，至少在短期内，这个所谓的“无烟一代”，恐怕难以真正做到完全不接触烟草。Generational tobacco bans were first proposed in 2010 by a group of researchers in Singapore. Around that time, less extreme anti-tobacco measures — such as media campaigns, clean-air laws, and taxes — had reduced smoking in many countries to such a point that public-health advocates started to seriously consider policies that could shrink rates to effectively zero. A tobacco “endgame,” as it has become known, was in sight. “I want to stamp out smoking for good,” Rishi Sunak, the former U.K. prime minister, said in a statement when he first proposed the plan in 2023. 2010年，新加坡的一个研究团队首次提出了“代际禁烟令”这一构想。当时，媒体宣传、清洁空气法案、烟草税收等相对温和的控烟措施，已将许多国家的吸烟率降至较低水平。公共卫生领域的倡导者由此开始认真研究，思考如何通过采取更为彻底的政策，将吸烟率降至接近于零。业界所说的烟草管控“终局”似乎近在眼前。2023年，英国前首相里希·苏纳克在首次提出该方案时发表声明称：“我希望彻底根除吸烟现象。”Currently, U.K. residents need to be 18 or older to purchase cigarettes. The new generational ban will introduce a more unusual paradigm: Beginning on January 1, 2027, an 18-year-old born on New Year’s Day 2009 will not be able to buy products such as cigarettes and chewing tobacco for the rest of their life. But a friend born one day earlier would face no such barrier. That means, as some critics of the ban have pointed out, that 18-year-olds will almost certainly bum cigarettes from older friends — the same way younger teens have acquired them since time immemorial. Data suggest that most adolescent British smokers get cigarettes for free from older people they know. In one study, in which researchers interviewed British smokers as young as 12 about how they obtained cigarettes, kids who waited outside of tobacco shops in hopes that an older customer would buy for them reported mostly targeting people under 25. 目前，英国居民需年满18周岁才可购买香烟。而这项全新的代际禁令将带来一种更为特殊的管控模式：自2027年1月1日起，2009年元旦出生的青年，即便年满18岁，终身都不得购买香烟、嚼烟这类烟草制品。但如果有人仅早一天出生，则不受这条禁令限制。正如该禁令的部分批评人士所指出的，这意味着这批年满18岁的年轻人几乎肯定会向年龄更大的朋友讨要香烟——古往今来，低龄青少年就是这样获取香烟的。数据表明，英国绝大多数未成年吸烟者，都是从相熟的长者手上免费拿到香烟。在一项针对低至12岁的英国吸烟青少年的研究中，研究人员询问了他们获取香烟的途径。部分青少年会守候在烟草店门外，指望年长顾客帮忙代买，据他们反馈，自己主要找25岁以下的成年人帮忙。Lawmakers included language in the bill designed to dissuade older people from buying cigarettes for their underage acquaintances. But, more importantly, that issue will likely work itself out over time. By 2034, no one under 25 will be able to purchase cigarettes. And with each passing year, kids’ sources of illegal cigarettes should progressively dwindle. Because having peers who smoke increases young people’s chances of starting themselves, fewer kids being able to get their hands on cigarettes should have a ripple effect, dissuading more and more of their peers from experimenting. By 2079, no one under 70 will be legally able to smoke. It will become the habit not of teenage rebellion but of retirement homes. 立法者在法案中增设相关条款，意在劝阻年长者不要为未成年熟人代买香烟。但更重要的是，这一问题大概率会随着时间的推移而自然化解。到2034年，25岁以下的人都将无法购买香烟。年复一年，青少年获取非法香烟的渠道也会日益萎缩。身边有吸烟的同龄人，会增加年轻人开始吸烟的概率；能够接触到香烟的青少年越来越少，将会产生连锁反应，促使更多同龄人打消尝试吸烟的念头。到2079年，70岁以下人群将不再具备合法吸烟的资格。吸烟将不再是青春期叛逆的标志，反倒会成为养老院里的一种习惯。This all depends, of course, on retailers actually following the law — a big if, according to some tobacco-control experts I spoke with. In a 2023 NHS survey, one-third of youth smokers reported regularly (and illegally) buying cigarettes from shops. “I don’t think we should play down the need for enforcement,” Nathan Davies, a doctoral fellow at the University of Nottingham who studies tobacco control, told me. And even if shopkeepers play by the rules, other people might not. Consider the small Himalayan nation of Bhutan, where all tobacco sales were banned in 2004, but cigarettes remained easy to access because a black market quickly cropped up. Those dealers didn’t serve just existing smokers but also young children. In 2019, nearly a quarter of 13-to-15-year-olds in the country used tobacco. 当然，这一切的前提是零售商能否真正遵守法律——我采访的一些控烟专家称，这还是个巨大的未知数。英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）2023年的一项调查显示，三分之一的青少年吸烟者称自己经常（且非法地）在商店购买香烟。诺丁汉大学从事控烟研究的博士研究员内森·戴维斯表示：“我们绝不能弱化执法的重要性。”即便商家恪守规定，其他人却未必照做。以喜马拉雅山区小国不丹为例：该国2004年全面禁止烟草销售，但黑市迅速滋生，香烟依然极易获取。这些黑市商贩不仅向吸烟人士供货，甚至把魔爪伸向了青少年。2019年，该国近四分之一的13-15岁青少年使用了烟草制品。Nigel Farage, the leader of the right-wing Reform U.K. Party, has repeatedly insisted that such a black market could appear in the U.K. too. But the country’s experiment was not technically a generational tobacco ban, unlike the policy in the U.K., which was crafted to ensure that most current smokers can continue to buy their products legally, thus shrinking the profitability of any black market. The Bhutan and U.K. policies are “structurally so different in scope, sequencing, enforcement infrastructure, and market context that the comparison generates more confusion than insight,” Kashish Aneja, who leads initiatives in Asia at Georgetown University’s O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, told me via email. 英国右翼改革党领导人奈杰尔·法拉奇一再提出，英国同样可能滋生这样的黑市。但严格来说，不丹的管控尝试不同于英国的代际禁烟令；而英国出台的这项政策，充分保障大多数现有吸烟者仍可合法购买烟草制品，以此压缩黑市的获利空间。乔治城大学奥尼尔国家与全球卫生法研究所亚洲区项目负责人卡希什·阿内贾在邮件中指出，不丹与英国的政策“在管控范围、实施节奏、执法配套体系以及市场环境上存在本质结构性差异，将两者进行比较，更多只会造成认知混淆，而无法带来有效借鉴”。No actual generational tobacco ban has existed for enough years to reveal its long-term effects. The Maldives, a small island nation south of India, implemented such a policy in November. Several Massachusetts towns have also passed similar bans. Brookline, a wealthy suburb of Boston, was the first, enacting its own version in 2021. Available data suggest the ban has had little effect on cigarette smoking thus far, but according to advocates, real change will take much more time. “It is a slow and gentle policy change which will result in changes over the mid and long-term,” Mark Gottlieb, the executive director of the Public Health Advocacy Institute at the Northeastern University School of Law, told me in an email. 迄今为止，还没有任何真正落地的代际禁烟令已经过足够长的时间来验证其长期成效。位于印度以南的岛国马尔代夫于去年11月实施了同类政策。美国马萨诸塞州的几个城镇也通过了类似禁令。而波士顿的富裕郊区布鲁克莱恩则走在了前列，于2021年在当地开始实施禁令。现有数据表明，该禁令迄今为止对吸烟行为的抑制作用微乎其微，但支持该政策的人士表示，实质性改变需要更长的时间。东北大学法学院公共卫生倡导研究所执行主任马克·戈特利布在给我的邮件中写道：“这是一项温和渐进的政策，其成效将在中长期逐渐显现。”New Zealand’s left-wing Labor Party passed a tobacco-free-generation policy in 2022. But the country’s new center-right coalition government, on taking power in 2024, repealed the law before it went into effect. The government’s stated reasons for the repeal were so that cigarette-tax revenue could pay for a slew of new tax cuts, and because it was argued that the policy would have fueled illegal smuggling. Something similar might happen in the U.K. Farage, himself a smoker, has called the ban “puritanical” and vowed to repeal it if his party takes power. 新西兰左翼工党于2022年通过了“无烟一代”政策。但该国新一届中右翼联合政府2024年上台后，在法案生效前就将其废除。政府给出的废除理由有两点：一是需要依靠香烟税收，支撑一揽子减税政策；二是认为该政策会助长非法走私活动。类似的情况也可能在英国上演。本身就是吸烟者的法拉奇，称这项禁令带有“清教徒式的禁欲色彩”，并扬言若其政党上台执政，必将予以废除。He’s probably not the only one who’d like to see that happen. Tobacco companies urged Parliament not to pass the law, arguing that it was discriminatory and would not prevent youth smoking — and would increase crime, to boot. “Every year from 2027 onwards a generational ban will hand more of the UK tobacco market to the serious organized criminal groups who will use the proceeds of illegal tobacco to fund activities including terrorism, weapons trading, the distribution of narcotics and people smuggling,” Japan Tobacco International, which owns a number of the most popular cigarette brands in the U.K., wrote. (In a statement, a JTI spokesperson added to that list, writing, “Illegal tobacco in the UK has been linked to organized crime, including activities such as money laundering, human trafficking, and violence.”) The tobacco industry, along with smokers’-rights groups, also aggressively courted certain U.K. conservatives as the new ban was being debated, hosting them for lunches and at least one party. 希望看到禁令被废除的恐怕不止法拉奇一人。烟草公司曾游说议会否决该法案，称其具有歧视性，不仅无法阻止青少年吸烟，还会加剧犯罪。拥有英国多个畅销香烟品牌的日本烟草国际公司（JTI）写道：“自2027年起，代际禁烟令会逐年把英国更大一部分烟草市场拱手交给大型有组织犯罪集团。这些团伙将利用非法烟草的利润，资助恐怖主义、武器交易、毒品贩运、人口走私等各类犯罪活动。”（JTI发言人在另一份声明中补充道：“英国境内的非法烟草贸易与洗钱、人口贩运和暴力等有组织犯罪活动密切相关。”）在新禁令的辩论期间，烟草行业还联合吸烟者权益组织积极拉拢部分英国保守派议员，为他们举办午餐会，以及至少一场社交派对。Despite the debate, generational smoking bans are broadly popular. A poll commissioned by the anti-smoking group Action on Smoking and Health found that 68 percent of English people support the new ban. In New Zealand, about 60 percent of voters opposed the country’s about-face. Perhaps that’s because smoking remains one of the world’s leading causes of preventable death, or because the overwhelming majority of smokers regret ever starting. The new policy might not make much difference for today’s teens, but decades from now, a new generation really might avoid that lifelong error — as long as the ban actually sticks around. 尽管争议不断，代际禁烟令仍广受民众欢迎。反吸烟组织“吸烟与健康行动”委托开展的民调显示，68%的英格兰民众支持这项新禁令。在新西兰，约60%的选民不认同禁烟政策的彻底转向。究其原因，可能是因为一方面吸烟依然是全球可预防死亡的首要诱因之一，另一方面绝大多数吸烟者对当初染上烟瘾后悔不已。这项新政策或许不会对今天的青少年产生太大影响，但几十年后的那一代人真的有可能避免犯下这个终身错误——前提是这项禁令能够切实长期推行。【词汇】1. time immemorial 太古时代，很久以前2. dissuade v. 劝阻；阻止3. dwindle v. 逐渐减少；缩小4. ripple effect 连锁反应5. doctoral adj. 博士的6. repeal v. 废除；撤销7. a slew of 大量；许多8. narcotic n. 麻醉药；毒品9. trafficking n. 非法交易，非法买卖10. publicize v. 宣传；宣扬11. proponent n. 支持者；倡导者12. about-face n. （思想、行为的）大转变 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 如何诚恳道歉

How to make a good apology 如何诚恳道歉常速 | 五级（中等）| 350词 | 2min6s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to Dr. Aaron Lazare, why is it sometimes better to say, “There’s no excuse for my behaviour”? A. It helps the apologiser avoid explaining their actions. B. It shows a deeper understanding of the offence committed. C. It prevents the recipient from feeling manipulated. D. It simplifies the apology process for both parties. Q2. What can be inferred about the importance of making amends in apologies? A. It is only necessary for physical damages caused. B. It is less important than expressing remorse. C. It ensures the recipient forgives the apologiser. D. It demonstrates the apologiser’s commitment to change. Q3. What does the study “Do sincere apologies need to be costly?” suggest about the relationship between effort and apology effectiveness? A. Apologies are effective only if they involve financial compensation. B. Effort is irrelevant to the perceived sincerity of apologies. C. Increased effort makes apologies appear more genuine. D. Longer apologies are more effective than shorter ones. Q4. What does the study “Sorries seem to have the harder words” imply about the use of language in apologies? A. Complex language makes apologies more sincere. B. Apologies should avoid using longer words. C. Shorter words are perceived as more apologetic. D. Language choice has no impact on apology effectiveness. Q5. What is the main idea of the text? A. Apologies are more effective when they involve inconvenience to the apologiser. B. Genuine apologies require acknowledgment, explanation, remorse, and amends. C. Forgiveness is a choice that cannot be forced upon the recipient. D. Longer words in apologies make them appear more sincere to recipients. Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow to make a good apology Apologising is one of the first relationship skills we’re taught as children. “Say sorry to your friend for stealing his toy”, “Apologise to your mother for being so rude!” Children often apologise because they are told to by adults, regardless of whether they mean it, and the recipient is often told to forgive, regardless of whether they feel it. But the skill of making a heartfelt, genuine apology must grow as we become adults if we want to nurture healthy relationships.recipient n. 接受者，收件人 nurture v. 培养，养育 Dr. Aaron Lazare, psychiatrist and apology expert, says a good apology should have four elements. The first is to acknowledge the offence and admit that you have wronged someone. (Q1) Next, there’s an opportunity to explain what happened, without excusing yourself – in fact, it’s sometimes best to simply say, “There’s no excuse for my behaviour.” The third step is to express remorse and show that you understand how the behaviour has impacted the other person. (Q2) Lastly, offer to make amends. If the mistake involved physical damage, have it repaired. If it involved emotional pain, promise to be more sensitive in the future.remorse n. 懊悔，悔恨 make amends: 补偿(Q3) Research shows that an apology is more effective when it is more costly to the apologiser, whether that’s in terms of money, effort or time. For example, a study called “Do sincere apologies need to be costly?” found people were more convinced by an apology if the apologiser had to inconvenience themself in order to deliver the apology. For example, if that person made a journey to say sorry, rather than just waiting for the next meetup. (Q4) A 2025 study called “Sorries seem to have the harder words”, found that people use longer words when apologising than when they’re not apologising. It also found that people perceived apologies with longer words as more apologetic than apologies with shorter words.So, be sincere and own your mistakes, remembering that forgiveness can’t be forced – the other person has the freedom to forgive or not to forgive. But what’s better: harbouring guilt for the rest of your life, or taking that weight off your shoulders?harbor v. 心怀，怀有（情感或想法） Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Next, there’s an opportunity to explain what happened, without excusing yourself – in fact, it’s sometimes best to simply say, ‘There’s no excuse for my behaviour.’ ”，可知直接说“我的行为没有任何借口”，这样的表达能够表明自己不会找借口开脱，对自己冒犯行为有了更深刻的的理解。因此正确答案为B。Q2. D.【解析】推理题。根据“Lastly, offer to make amends. If the mistake involved physical damage, have it repaired. If it involved emotional pain, promise to be more sensitive in the future.”，可知最后是提出弥补。如果错误涉及物理损坏，请进行修复。如果涉及情感伤害，请承诺未来会更加注意。这表明，弥补行为代表道歉者愿意做出改变、承担责任，而不是仅仅停留在口头上。因此正确答案为D。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Research shows that an apology is more effective when it is more costly to the apologiser, ... people were more convinced by an apology if the apologiser had to inconvenience themself in order to deliver the apology.”，可知研究表明，当道歉者付出更多代价时，无论是金钱、努力还是时间，道歉都会更有效。如果道歉者为了表达歉意而不得不给自己带来不便，人们会更容易被道歉说服。因此可以得出结论，道歉付出的时间、精力、麻烦越多会让道歉显得更真诚。因此正确答案为C。Q4. A.【解析】细节题。根据“A 2025 study called 'Sorries seem to have the harder words', found that people use longer words when apologising than when they're not apologising. It also found that people perceived apologies with longer words as more apologetic than apologies with shorter words.”，可知研究发现，人们在道歉时使用的词汇比不道歉时更长，并且人们认为使用较长词汇的道歉比使用较短词汇的道歉更有歉意。由此可以推断，复杂的语言会让道歉显得更真诚。因此正确答案为A。Q5. B.【解析】主旨题。整篇文章的核心内容是讨论如何诚恳地道歉，并详细介绍了诚恳道歉的四个关键步骤：第一步是承认过错；第二步是不要为自己找借口；第三步是表达悔意；最后，提出弥补。因此，文章的核心内容是关于真诚道歉的四个关键步骤，正确答案为B。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 员工到底该工作多少小时？

员工到底该工作多少小时？How many hours should employees work?常速 | 四级 | 525词 | 3min40s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to the passage, why is it difficult to decide on the ideal number of working hours?A. Most people now work from home instead of in offices.B. People value different things in their work and life. C. Employers around the world have different management styles.D. Governments have not agreed on a standard workweek.Q2. What did the study find about workers in Germany and Britain?A. They hoped to work longer for higher pay.B. They preferred a 42-hour workweek.C. They were willing to earn less in exchange for more free time.D. They believed working longer would improve productivity.Q3. What can be inferred from the research on productivity?A. Working longer always leads to better performance.B. Extra working hours become less effective after a certain point.C. Most workers are more productive on Friday afternoons.D. Employers should require everyone to work at least 63 hours a week.Q4. Why might some employers ask existing workers to work longer instead of hiring new employees?A. Experienced workers are always more productive than new ones.B. Existing workers usually prefer longer working hours.C. Hiring new employees involves additional costs.D. Most companies cannot find qualified workers.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A shorter workweek is always better than a longer one.B. Long working hours are the key to career success.C. The ideal workweek depends on different priorities and values.D. Advances in AI will soon replace the traditional workweek.Part II. TRANSCRIPTHow many hours should employees work?Many people think of a full-time job as working from nine to five, five days a week. Although working patterns have changed in recent years, the 40-hour workweek is still common in many countries. On average, employed adults around the world work about 42 hours a week. However, this average hides many differences. Men and women often work different hours. Younger and older workers do too. People in richer and poorer countries also have different working patterns.So what is the ideal number of working hours? (Q1) There is no simple answer. Different jobs, different incomes, and different cultures all lead to different opinions. The answer also depends on what people value most.Some people believe that work-life balance should come first. A recent study asked workers how much money they would give up in exchange for working fewer hours. (Q2) In Germany and Britain, many people said they were willing to earn less if they could enjoy more free time. For example, German workers said that a 37-hour workweek would be close to ideal. American workers, however, often preferred to work longer if it meant earning more money.Others believe that productivity is the most important factor. Some research suggests that working fewer hours does not always mean producing less. (Q3) In one study, researchers found that after people worked more than 48 hours a week, each extra hour produced less and less work. After about 63 hours, working longer did not increase total output at all. Many people have probably experienced something similar. Think about how productive you usually feel late on a Friday afternoon.Cost is another factor for employers. (Q4) Hiring a new worker is expensive because companies must pay for benefits such as health insurance and training. Sometimes it is cheaper to ask existing employees to work longer hours than to hire more staff.Safety can also influence working hours. In jobs where people make important decisions, fatigue can have serious consequences. One study found that emergency medical workers made more mistakes near the end of long shifts, and these mistakes sometimes led to tragic results.fatigue n. 疲劳shift n. 班，轮班For some jobs, however, longer hours may improve quality rather than quantity. A study of part-time call-center workers found that they did not answer many more calls when they worked longer. However, the quality of their work improved slightly because they became more familiar with common customer problems.Some business leaders also believe that long working hours show commitment and determination. Startup companies often require employees to work very hard because there are many tasks but only a small team. Even in large companies, working extra hours is often seen as a sign of ambition. Some well-known business leaders have argued that working 60 or even 70 hours a week can lead to greater success.Of course, there are different ways to think about the ideal workweek. Some people believe that performance matters more than the number of hours worked. Others think governments or new technologies such as AI may change the way we work in the future. Whatever your answer is, it reflects not only your workplace or your culture, but also your own values and priorities.Part III. KEYQ1. B.【解析】主旨理解题。题目对应第二段：“There is no simple answer. Different jobs, different incomes, and different cultures all lead to different opinions.” 文章指出，不同的职业、收入和文化背景使人们对理想工作时间有不同看法，因此正确答案为B，即人们在工作和生活中看重的东西各不相同。Q2. C.【解析】细节题。题目对应第三段：“In Germany and Britain, many people said they were willing to earn less if they could enjoy more free time.”以及“a 37-hour workweek would be close to ideal”。由此可知，德国和英国的许多受访者愿意减少收入来换取更多闲暇时间，因此C正确。Q3. B.【解析】推断题。题目依据第四段：“In one study, researchers found that after people worked more than 48 hours a week, each extra hour produced less and less work. After about 63 hours, working longer did not increase total output at all.” 由此可以推断，超过一定工作时长后，额外工作时间的效率会不断下降，因此B正确。Q4. C.【解析】细节题。题目对应第五段：“Hiring a new worker is expensive because companies must pay for benefits such as health insurance and training. Sometimes it is cheaper to ask existing employees to work longer hours than to hire more staff.” 文中明确指出，招聘新员工需要承担福利和培训等固定成本，因此让现有员工延长工作时间有时更有性价比，故C正确。Q5. C.【解析】主旨大意题。全文围绕“What is the ideal workweek?”展开讨论，从工作与生活平衡、生产效率、企业成本、安全、工作质量以及职业发展等多个角度分析不同工作时长的利弊，并在结尾指出：“Whatever your answer is … it reflects … your own values and priorities.” 因此，文章主旨是：理想的工作时间没有统一答案，而是取决于个人和公司的价值观与取舍侧重，故C正确。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 献血为何重要

The gift of blood, why it matters 献血为何重要常速 | 四级（中等）| 661词 | 4min45s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the interview and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. According to Dr. Yuyun Maryuningsih, why can one blood donation save multiple lives? A. Blood components are separated and used for different patients. B. Plasma can be stored for up to one year for emergencies. C. Blood donors are required to donate multiple times a year. D. Blood banks prioritize patients with severe conditions. Q2. What is the main reason why regular blood donation is critical, as explained in the text? A. Blood components have different expiration dates. B. Blood banks often face shortages during emergencies. C. Plasma storage requires advanced technology. D. Patients with chronic diseases rely on fresh blood supplies. Q3. What is one of the key advantages of voluntary unpaid blood donations mentioned in the text? A. They ensure higher blood quality through testing. B. They prevent exploitation of vulnerable individuals. C. They increase the frequency of donations. D. They reduce the cost of blood collection systems. Q4. What can be inferred about the challenges of maintaining safe blood donation systems? A. They require frequent updates to testing standards. B. They rely heavily on community-based traditions. C. They depend on the honesty and health of donors. D. They face difficulties in ensuring proper storage and distribution. Q5. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To discuss the benefits of regular blood donation. B. To explain how blood donation systems operate worldwide. C. To emphasize the importance of safe and voluntary blood donation. D. To highlight the medical uses of red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Part II. TRANSCRIPTThe gift of blood, why it mattersVGS: We’re talking about something powerful, invisible and life-saving. Your blood. It’s a gift only you can give. Our expert is Dr Yuyun Maryuningsih and we’re talking about blood donation. Welcome, Yuyun. As a student, I used to donate blood quite regularly and also throughout my work life. What about you?YM: Of course, I have, and I always tell people that donating blood is easy, safe and makes a real difference.VGS: But there’s something new I learned, that when you donate blood, you could be saving up to three lives, right?YM: Yes, exactly. You are right, because (Q1) when you donate blood, your blood will be separated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma. And each can be given to a different patient. For example, we can give the red blood cells for an anaemia patient. And then we can give the platelets to a bleeding patient and plasma for the infectious patients. All at once.platelet n. 血小板 plasma n. 血浆 anaemia n. 贫血 VGS: Wow. And there is an expiry date for the donated blood. Talk to us about that.expiry n. 到期YM: Yes, for example, (Q2) the platelets only last for five days, red blood cells for six weeks, and then plasma if frozen, it lasts for one year. That is why regular donation is very important to keep the blood stock of the blood bank, especially during emergency and outbreak situations.VGS: But it’s not just about emergencies, right?YM: Absolutely. So for cancer treatment and surgeries, and also for treatment of severe anaemia, and mothers who have complications during childbirth, none of these are possible without safe blood.VGS: So now, let’s talk about how to donate blood. It’s important that it’s voluntary, right?YM: (Q3) Voluntary unpaid donations are safer, because this donor is usually more honest about their health and it avoids exploiting vulnerable people, who might feel pressured to sell blood. And the voluntary blood donation systems, in general, are more reliable over the long term.VGS: So, Yuyun, when I was in university, I had a classmate who had haemophilia, and he needed regular blood donation. I think he needed blood plasma. And I’m talking about a few decades back when maybe the blood systems weren’t that safe. Unfortunately, he contracted HIV with infected blood. So talk to us about national blood donation systems. What does it take to keep it safe?haemophilia n. 血友病 YM: So the key is that the country needs to have a strong national blood system. (Q4) That means that each unit of blood should be tested and then should be processed, and of course, storage and distribution according to the standard.VGS: Yuyun I remember, I was in Sri Lanka many years ago and they have a beautiful tradition of donating blood on full moon nights. And this donation happens in communities, universities, temples, isn’t that amazing?YM: Yes, that is a wonderful tradition. And for those wondering actually, you can donate blood more than once. So for example, if you want to donate red blood cell you can donate every 8-12 weeks. And if you want to donate platelets or plasma, you can donate every 2-4 weeks.VGS: Let’s talk about who can donate blood.YM: Almost all can donate blood, from 18 to 65 years old and healthy, minimum 50 kilograms of body weight. And before donating blood, you will get a quick health check. So nothing scary.VGS: Okay, and it doesn’t take very long, right? Just ten minutes?YM: Yes, of course, just ten minutes to get blood to be drawn and then, to complete collecting the blood, it takes 35, 30 minutes to 40 minutes, including refreshments.VGS: Okay, that’s like your lunch break. You can go donate blood if you’re eligible during your lunch break. Take a friend with you, get an appointment, and please donate blood. That was science in five today. Thank you, Yuyun. Until next time then. Stay safe, stay healthy, and stick with science.eligible adj. 符合条件的，合格的 Part III. KEYQ1.A.【解析】细节题。根据“When you donate blood, your blood will be separated into red blood cells, platelets and plasma. And each can be given to a different patient.”，可知献血时，血液会被分离成红细胞、血小板和血浆，每一种都可以提供给不同的患者，因此能拯救多条生命。正确答案为A。Q2. A.【解析】细节题。根据“The platelets only last for five days, red blood cells for six weeks, and then plasma if frozen, it lasts for one year. That is why regular donation is very important to keep the blood stock of the blood bank.””，可知血小板只能存活五天，红细胞存活六周，而血浆如果冷冻，可以保存一年。三种血液成分保质期各不相同，因此定期献血十分重要。正确答案为A。Q3. B.【解析】细节题。根据“Voluntary unpaid donations are safer, because this donor is usually more honest about their health and it avoids exploiting vulnerable people, who might feel pressured to sell blood.”，可知自愿无偿献血更安全，因为这类献血者通常对自己的健康更诚实，并且避免剥削可能因压力而卖血的弱势群体，也就是可以防止剥削弱势群体。正确答案为B。Q4. D.【解析】推理题。根据“That means that each unit of blood should be tested and then should be processed, and of course, storage and distribution according to the standard.”，可知每一部分的血液都应该经过检测，然后进行加工，还要按照标准进行储存和分发。由此可以推断，血液的规范储存与分发是维持安全献血体系的一个重要挑战。正确答案为D。Q5.C.【解析】主旨题。整篇文章的核心内容是强调献血的价值、自愿无偿献血的优势、如何保持血液系统安全以及献血的具体过程，呼吁安全、自愿献血。正确答案为C。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

第12届教学大赛英语专业组二等奖赵雪宇授课

授课点评：赵雪宇老师展示了“3A设计”，整合了准备、习得与应用这三个不同的教学阶段。对教学阶段和教学过程的表述比较清晰，教学过程在“3A设计”的基础上展开，强调学生参与的多元形式，例如学生提问、学生评价、学生总结等。设计框架层次清晰。教学展示与教学设计紧密地融合在了一起。展示伊始，教师提醒学生回忆“3A设计”，并且多次使用“I want you to be/do…”的句式，运用丰富的肢体语言、重读、停顿等方式明确提出了自己的期待，帮助学生更加直观地获得课堂学习的方向感。此外，教师对学生的分享做出了真诚的回应，而不只是用简短的评价话语敷衍了事，这对学习共同体的建构大有助益。这同时体现出教师对英语有着较好的掌握程度，能够从容、准确地重述学生观点，帮助学生修正语言表述上的错误，并提供更加规范、高效的表达方式。整体而言，赵老师在教学展示过程中教态得体，状态自然、松弛，说课清晰，且能够脱离讲稿等材料的辅助完成授课。课堂教学紧密围绕教学目标，环环相扣，逐步深入。她有效运用了多媒体课件，运用多样的视图突出核心教学内容，起到了辅助作用。可以看出赵老师的整体状态（尤其体现为笑容、身势，对重读、停顿的运用，以及真诚的回应）有效吸引了学生的注意力，激发了学生的学习兴趣，为学生创设了安全的发言空间，让学生有分享欲，愿意主动参与课堂互动。最后，建议赵老师未来可以在分析课文内容的同时，进一步在词汇层面对近义词加以辨析。点评专家：杨延宁

歌德学院“学习教德语”丛书（DLL）：青少年德语 Video 36 P165 Arbeits- und Sozialformen im DaF-Unterricht

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