全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程2

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1

全新版大学进阶英语：综合教程1的配套网络课程及移动学习资源包将背单词、练语音、听音频、看视频、写作文、做练习等学习内容有机整合，结合课本内容与课外补充，帮助学生自学自测，方便教师监督管理。

全新版大学进阶英语：视听说教程1

全新版大学进阶英语《视听说教程》网络课程可用于课堂教学外的巩固与补充，也可作为学生独立学习的网络课程。该课程选用美国《国家地理》的素材，图片震撼、场景真实、语言地道。《视听说网络课程》注重听力技能和口语表达的训练，练习设计循序渐进，科学合理；为兼顾四级考试的需求，网络课程每单元均含四级听力与口语训练的练习。听力播放支持语速调节，口语训练实现了较好的人机交互功能，便于学生根据自身需求进行个性化学习。

新闻听力 | 我们为什么喜欢吃辣？

我们为什么喜欢吃辣？Why do we eat spicy food? 常速 | 七级（偏易） | 368词| 3min7s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What chemical compound in chili peppers is responsible for the burning sensation?A. Capsaicin.B. Endorphin.C. Serotonin.D. Glucose.Q2. According to the passage, what happens when the body detects capsaicin?A. The body temperature rises significantly.B. The body releases endorphins to reduce the perceived pain.C. The taste buds become permanently less sensitive.D. The digestive system immediately breaks down the compound.Q3. Why does Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum say people consciously choose to eat spicy foods?A. They want to build tolerance to hotter flavors.B. They associate chili with traditional cooking methods.C. They understand the burning sensation does not actually harm them.D. They believe it improves their digestive health.Q4. What can be inferred about early human cultivation of chili peppers?A. People cultivated chilies mainly to increase their sweetness.B. Chili peppers naturally evolved without human influence.C. Humans preferred peppers that required minimal cooking.D. Human cultivation altered traits such as color, size, and capsaicin level.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Capsaicin is dangerous and should be avoided in a typical diet.B. Humans enjoy spicy food due to a combination of factors.C. Spicy food consumption has decreased significantly in modern times.D. Only certain cultures have historically eaten chili peppers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we eat spicy food? You know the feeling – your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb, you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, and yet, you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic, or is there something else going on? The answer lies in both science and history.masochistic adj. 有受虐倾向的Let’s start with the science. Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour, and bitter – it’s a sensation. (Q1) This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’. When we eat foods containing capsaicin, our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. (Q2) In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure – like painkillers.capsaicin n. 辣椒素endorphin n. 内啡肽This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that (Q3) this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us. Furthermore, we derive pleasure from the other ingredients chili is generally cooked and eaten with – including fat, sugar, and salt. So – like skydiving – eating chili is a form of thrill-seeking or ‘benign masochism’, where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation.masochism n. 受虐倾向This masochistic relationship with capsaicin has been a long one, starting in the Andes of South America, where chili peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. So, archaeological evidence suggests they started cultivating chili peppers about six thousand years ago. (Q4) Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s colour, size, and capsaicin content – helping to explain the many different types of chili peppers now available.Fast-forward to today, and our love affair with the chili pepper is going strong. We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chili is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. (Q5) Maybe we are masochistic after all.Part III. KEYQ1.A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’.” 意为：“这种灼烧感由辣椒中一种被称为‘辣椒素’的化合物引起。”根据这句话可以推理，导致灼烧感的成分是capsaicin，因此答案为A。Q2.B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure.”意为：“为了缓解灼烧感，身体会释放控制疼痛并带来愉悦感的内啡肽。”因此答案为B。Q3.C.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“… this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us.”意为：“这是因为我们是理性生物，我们知道辣椒带来的灼烧感并不会真正伤害身体。”由此推断，人们选择吃辣是因为他们明白灼烧感并不会造成实际伤害，因此答案为C。Q4.D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s color, size, and capsaicin content. 意为：人类的干预改变了辣椒，使其更符合人类的口味和需求，包括其颜色、大小和辣椒素含量。根据这句话可以推理，人类早期的栽培活动确实改变了辣椒的特性，因此答案为D。Q5.B.【解析】本题为主旨题。文章解释了辣椒素触发的化学反应、人类明知无害仍追求刺激的心理机制、“良性受虐”的行为模式、辣椒的历史起源与栽培发展脉络等等。文章最后写道：“Maybe we are masochistic after all.（或许我们还是有受虐倾向。）”，展示人类对于辛辣的复杂喜好。由此可见，主旨是人类对辛辣食物的喜爱由多重因素共同决定，答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

教学素材 | 报告称：全球企业重AI轻招聘，Z世代求职环境正经历结构性调整

报告称：全球企业重AI轻招聘，Z世代求职环境正经历结构性调整Gen Z faces a shifting job landscape as global firms prioritize AI over new hires, report says文本难度：七级（考研）易刘立军供稿Young people entering the workforce are facing a shifting job landscape, as business leaders invest in artificial intelligence (AI) rather than new hires, according to a study of global business leaders. 一项针对全球商业领袖的研究显示，初入职场的年轻人正面临求职环境结构性调整，因为企业领导者更倾向于投资人工智能（AI），而非招聘新员工。Bosses are prioritizing automation through AI to plug skills gaps and allow them to reduce headcount, instead of training up junior members of staff, a report by the British Standards Institution (BSI) found.英国标准协会（BSI）的一份报告指出，企业领导者正优先通过AI实现自动化，以填补技能缺口并减少员工数量，而非培养初级员工。Four in 10 (41%) of bosses said AI was allowing them to cut the number of employees in a survey of more than 850 business leaders across seven countries: the UK, US, France, Germany, Australia, China, and Japan. 在对来自七个国家（英国、美国、法国、德国、澳大利亚、中国和日本）的850多位企业领导者进行的调查中，有四成（41%）的受访者表示，AI使得他们得以减少员工人数。Nearly a third (31%) of those surveyed said their organization was looking at AI solutions before considering hiring a person, with two-fifths expecting this to be the case within five years. 近三分之一（31%）的受访者表示，其所在机构在考虑招聘人员之前会先评估AI解决方案；另有五分之二的受访者预计五年内情况也将变成如此。In a sign of the challenges facing workers belonging to gen Z—born between 1997 and 2012—at a time when the labor market is cooling, a quarter of bosses said they believed that all or most tasks carried out by entry-level colleagues could be performed by AI. 随着劳动力市场持续降温，Z世代（1997至2012年生人）的劳动者正面临严峻挑战。四分之一的企业领导者表示，他们认为初级岗位员工所承担的大部分乃至全部任务均可由AI完成。Susan Taylor Martin, chief executive of BSI, said: “AI represents an enormous opportunity for businesses globally, but as they chase greater productivity and efficiency, we must not lose sight of the fact that it is ultimately people who power progress.” BSI首席执行官苏珊·泰勒·马丁表示：“AI为全球企业带来了巨大机遇，但在追求更高生产力和效率的同时，我们绝不能忽视一个事实——推动进步的终究是人。”“Our research makes clear that the tension between making the most of AI and enabling a flourishing workforce is the defining challenge of our time. There is an urgent need for long-term thinking and workforce investment, alongside investment in AI tools, to ensure sustainable and productive employment.” “我们的研究清楚表明，如何在充分利用AI的同时打造蓬勃发展的劳动力队伍，是当今时代的核心挑战。为了确保就业的可持续性和生产力，除了投资AI工具之外，还迫切需要进行长远规划并加大对人力资源的投入。”In addition, two-fifths (39%) of leaders said entry-level roles had already been reduced or cut as a result of efficiencies made by using AI tools to conduct research or carry out administrative and briefing tasks. 此外，五分之二（39%）的领导者表示，由于AI工具在进行调研、处理行政事务及撰写简报等方面带来了效率提升，初级岗位已被削减或取消。While more than half of respondents said they felt lucky to have started their career before the use of AI became widespread, just over half (53%) also said they believed that the benefits of AI implementation in companies would outweigh the disruption to the workforce. 超过半数受访者表示，自己实属幸运——在AI普及前就开启了职业生涯。不过，也有略超半数（53%）的人认为，AI在企业中投入使用所带来的益处，将超过其对劳动力造成的冲击。AI is being rapidly adopted by UK businesses, according to the business leaders surveyed, and three-quarters (76%) said they expect new tools to deliver tangible benefits to their organizations within the next 12 months. 据受访企业领导层表示，英国企业正在迅速采用AI技术，且有四分之三（76%）的人预计这些新工具将在未来12个月内为其公司带来切实效益。Businesses said they were mainly investing in AI to improve productivity and efficiency, as well as cutting costs and filling skills gaps. 企业纷纷表示，投资AI的主要目的，是提升生产力与效率，同时降低成本并弥补技能缺口。BSI analysis of company annual reports found that the word “automation” appeared almost seven times more frequently than “upskilling” or “retraining”. BSI对公司年报的分析发现，“自动化”一词出现的频率，是“技能提升”或“再培训”的近七倍。A separate survey revealed recently that half of UK adults are concerned about the impact of AI on their job, fearing it could take or alter their employment, according to a poll by the Trades Union Congress. 英国总工会（TUC）近期一项民调显示，半数英国成年人担忧AI会对自身工作带来影响，害怕它会取代或改变自己的就业岗位。Britain’s jobs market has been cooling in recent months, and wage growth has slowed, with the UK’s official jobless rate at a four-year high of 4.7%. However, most economists do not believe this is linked to an acceleration in investment in AI. 近几个月来，英国就业市场持续降温，薪资增长放缓，官方失业率已升至4.7%，达到四年来的最高水平。然而，多数经济学家认为，这一现象和加速对AI的投资并无直接关联。Meanwhile, concerns are being raised that a stock market bubble has been created by high valuations of AI companies, which could lead to a market crash. 与此同时，人们日益担忧：AI公司估值过高，已催生了股市泡沫，这可能引发市场崩盘。【词汇】 1. executive n. 高管；行政人员2. administrative adj. 行政的；管理的3. briefing n. 简要提示，情况简介4. outweigh v. 超过；比……更重要5. retrain v. 再培训；重新训练（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？

为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？Why our brains love lists常速 | 四级（偏难） | 314词| 2min12s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why does writing tasks down on a list help reduce anxiety?A. It reduces anxiety by preventing the need to rely on memory.B. It shortens the amount of time needed to complete tasks.C. It helps people avoid doing tasks they dislike.D. It encourages people to work in groups.Q2. Why are lists said to help the brain retain information better?A. Because they increase the number of tasks a person can complete.B. Because they present information in an organized form.C. Because they encourage people to think more creatively.D. Because they allow people to read information repeatedly.Q3. In the Wake Forest University experiment, what happened to the group who were not allowed to make plans?A. They struggled because the task remained in their memory.B. They performed better because they had less pressure.C. They completed the second task more efficiently.D. They forgot about the unfinished warm-up task quickly.Q4. What can be inferred about the Zeigarnik Effect from the passage?A. It makes people complete tasks faster than usual.B. It causes people to ignore tasks once they begin them.C. It increases stress because the brain prefers finished tasks.D. It keeps unfinished tasks in memory until they are resolved.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern technology has made to-do lists unnecessary.B. People should avoid writing down tasks and rely on memory instead.C. To-do lists are an effective way to manage tasks and reduce stress.D. Only people with high productivity benefit from writing lists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy our brains love listsProductivity can be a struggle for many of us. Overflowing email inboxes, housework, social obligations – it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. However, one simple tool that can help us stay on top of everything is the to-do list. Write it down, do the tasks, and cross them off – simple!There are three key reasons why lists are beneficial, according to psychologist and author David Cohen. (Q1) Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we don’t have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand. Secondly, lists provide structure and guidance, giving us a plan to follow. (Q2) As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner. And finally, lists serve as proof of what we have achieved, which can help boost our sense of accomplishment and motivation.beneficial adj. 有益的Another possible reason our brains love lists is because of something called the ‘Zeigarnik Effect’. This is the name psychologists use for when we remember things we need to do, our unfinished tasks, better than things we have already completed. Researchers from Wake Forest University tested the interference of the Zeigarnik effect on a group of people. The experiment began with a warm-up task, though it was stopped halfway through, and only some people were allowed to make plans to finish it. (Q3) The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. (Q4) The problem was the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks. So, once we tick something off our list, our brain forgets about it, and we can relax.(Q5) All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life!Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we do not have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand.” 意为：“首先，清单能够帮助屏蔽因任务无穷无尽而带来的混乱和焦虑。将所有事情写下来之后，我们就无需依赖记忆，而可以专注于手头的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner.” 意为：“此外，大脑更容易记住以结构化和有条理的方式呈现的信息。”因此答案为 B。Q3. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“研究人员发现，被允许制定计划的小组焦虑减少，并在第二个任务中表现更好；而另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q4. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“问题在于，另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”根据这句话可以推理，蔡加尼克效应使未完成的任务在我们的记忆中保持活跃状态，直到它们得到解决，因此答案为 D。Q5. C.【解析】本题为主旨题。题目出处为：“All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life.” 意为：“总而言之，清单似乎是帮助我们掌控生活的宝贵工具。”结合全文内容，清单能够减少焦虑，提供结构化的信息，提高记忆效果，减轻蔡加尼克效应带来的负担，因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 我们为什么喜欢吃辣？

我们为什么喜欢吃辣？Why do we eat spicy food? 常速 | 七级（偏易） | 368词| 3min7s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What chemical compound in chili peppers is responsible for the burning sensation?A. Capsaicin.B. Endorphin.C. Serotonin.D. Glucose.Q2. According to the passage, what happens when the body detects capsaicin?A. The body temperature rises significantly.B. The body releases endorphins to reduce the perceived pain.C. The taste buds become permanently less sensitive.D. The digestive system immediately breaks down the compound.Q3. Why does Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum say people consciously choose to eat spicy foods?A. They want to build tolerance to hotter flavors.B. They associate chili with traditional cooking methods.C. They understand the burning sensation does not actually harm them.D. They believe it improves their digestive health.Q4. What can be inferred about early human cultivation of chili peppers?A. People cultivated chilies mainly to increase their sweetness.B. Chili peppers naturally evolved without human influence.C. Humans preferred peppers that required minimal cooking.D. Human cultivation altered traits such as color, size, and capsaicin level.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Capsaicin is dangerous and should be avoided in a typical diet.B. Humans enjoy spicy food due to a combination of factors.C. Spicy food consumption has decreased significantly in modern times.D. Only certain cultures have historically eaten chili peppers.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy do we eat spicy food? You know the feeling – your ears start to warm up, your tongue goes numb, you start sweating and taking deep breaths. You’ve just eaten something spicy, knowing it would be painful, and yet, you chose to do it anyway. Are humans just masochistic, or is there something else going on? The answer lies in both science and history.masochistic adj. 有受虐倾向的Let’s start with the science. Spicy isn’t actually a taste like salty, sweet, sour, and bitter – it’s a sensation. (Q1) This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’. When we eat foods containing capsaicin, our bodies are tricked into thinking the temperature is actually rising. (Q2) In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure – like painkillers.capsaicin n. 辣椒素endorphin n. 内啡肽This is what is happening chemically, but there is also a conscious side to choosing spicy food. Dr. Tamara Rosenbaum, Cognitive Neuroscientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, explains in an interview with the BBC that (Q3) this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us. Furthermore, we derive pleasure from the other ingredients chili is generally cooked and eaten with – including fat, sugar, and salt. So – like skydiving – eating chili is a form of thrill-seeking or ‘benign masochism’, where we get pleasure from a seemingly negative sensation.masochism n. 受虐倾向This masochistic relationship with capsaicin has been a long one, starting in the Andes of South America, where chili peppers originate. Humans were one of the few mammals on Earth that developed a taste for capsaicin. So, archaeological evidence suggests they started cultivating chili peppers about six thousand years ago. (Q4) Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s colour, size, and capsaicin content – helping to explain the many different types of chili peppers now available.Fast-forward to today, and our love affair with the chili pepper is going strong. We eat around 57.3 million tons of peppers globally each year, and chili is a key ingredient in traditional dishes from Mexico to Korea. (Q5) Maybe we are masochistic after all.Part III. KEYQ1.A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“This sensation is triggered by a chemical compound found in chili peppers called ‘capsaicin’.” 意为：“这种灼烧感由辣椒中一种被称为‘辣椒素’的化合物引起。”根据这句话可以推理，导致灼烧感的成分是capsaicin，因此答案为A。Q2.B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“In trying to temper the burning sensation, our bodies release endorphins which control pain and, at the same time, give a feeling of pleasure.”意为：“为了缓解灼烧感，身体会释放控制疼痛并带来愉悦感的内啡肽。”因此答案为B。Q3.C.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“… this is because we are rational beings – we know that the burning sensation of chili does not physically harm us.”意为：“这是因为我们是理性生物，我们知道辣椒带来的灼烧感并不会真正伤害身体。”由此推断，人们选择吃辣是因为他们明白灼烧感并不会造成实际伤害，因此答案为C。Q4.D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：Human intervention changed the chili pepper to suit human tastes and needs – including the pepper’s color, size, and capsaicin content. 意为：人类的干预改变了辣椒，使其更符合人类的口味和需求，包括其颜色、大小和辣椒素含量。根据这句话可以推理，人类早期的栽培活动确实改变了辣椒的特性，因此答案为D。Q5.B.【解析】本题为主旨题。文章解释了辣椒素触发的化学反应、人类明知无害仍追求刺激的心理机制、“良性受虐”的行为模式、辣椒的历史起源与栽培发展脉络等等。文章最后写道：“Maybe we are masochistic after all.（或许我们还是有受虐倾向。）”，展示人类对于辛辣的复杂喜好。由此可见，主旨是人类对辛辣食物的喜爱由多重因素共同决定，答案为B。 （本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 将结核病列为全球卫生资助的优先事项

将结核病列为全球卫生资助的优先事项Prioritizing Tuberculosis in Global Health Funding常速 | 五级（偏难）| 239词 | 2min01s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the news and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. What challenge does the US President’s foreign aid freeze pose? A. It limits the Global Fund’s ability to combat infectious diseases. B. It increases the prevalence of tuberculosis in impoverished nations. C. It reduces funding for malaria and HIV prevention programs. D. It affects global development, especially in fighting diseases. Q2. How has the Global Fund contributed to malaria prevention?A. By developing vaccines for malaria eradication. B. By providing bed nets and rapid diagnostic tests. C. By allocating $6.48 billion to malaria research. D. By focusing on improving healthcare accessibility. Q3. Why does tuberculosis receive less funding compared to malaria and HIV?A. It affects fewer people globally. B. It is considered less preventable than other diseases. C. It is largely ignored despite its high death toll. D. It thrives in wealthy nations with better healthcare systems. Q4. Why does the author argue that eradicating tuberculosis is achievable?A. Because tuberculosis affects fewer people than malaria and HIV. B. Because research shows that increased investment can save millions of lives. C. Because tuberculosis is less complex and easier to treat than other diseases. D. Because wealthy nations are committed to eradicating tuberculosis globally. Q5. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The need for increased funding to combat tuberculosis. B. The challenges of eradicating malaria and HIV globally. C. The role of foreign aid in global health development. D. The achievements of the Global Fund in disease prevention. Part II. TRANSCRIPTPrioritizing Tuberculosis in Global Health Funding(Q1) US President Donald Trump’s foreign aid freeze presents challenges for global development, especially in combating diseases. Amid these uncertainties, the Geneva-based Global Fund remains a vital force in fighting infectious diseases like malaria, HIV, and tuberculosis.malaria n. 疟疾 tuberculosis n. 结核病 The Global Fund has achieved significant progress in malaria and HIV treatment. (Q2) From 2023-25, it allocated $4.17 billion to malaria prevention, which has reduced cases and deaths in countries like Rwanda and Zambia through bed nets and rapid diagnostic tests. For HIV, $6.48 billion has been spent on antiretroviral therapy and prevention education, transforming HIV into a manageable condition.allocate v. 分配，拨款 diagnostic adj. 诊断的，鉴别的 However, tuberculosis receives only $2.4 billion - just 18% of the budget - despite killing more people than malaria and HIV combined. Tuberculosis disproportionately affects impoverished communities, thriving where living conditions are poor and healthcare is inaccessible.disproportion n. 不成比例，失衡 impoverish v. 使贫困 (Q3) Historically devastating in wealthier nations, it is now largely ignored, even though it claims 1.3 million lives annually, surpassing HIV/AIDS and malaria combined.devastate v. 毁灭，极度震惊 surpass v. 超越，超过 (Q4) Eradicating tuberculosis is achievable with increased investment. Research shows that $6.2 billion annually could save 1 million lives each year, reducing deaths by 90% by 2030. This investment offers a remarkable return, with benefits outweighing costs by 46 to 1.eradicate v. 根除，消灭 outweigh v. 超过，胜过 (Q5) The Global Fund must reassess its priorities to allocate more resources to tuberculosis, a preventable and curable disease that continues to kill millions. Greater global generosity and focus on tuberculosis could transform lives and deliver unparalleled health outcomes.Part III. KEYQ1. D.【解析】细节题。根据“US President Donald Trump’s foreign aid freeze presents challenges for global development, especially in combating diseases.”，可知美国总统冻结外国援助给全球发展带来了挑战，尤其是在抗击疾病方面。因此，正确答案为D。Q2. B.【解析】细节题。根据“From 2023-25, it allocated $4.17 billion to malaria prevention, which has reduced cases and deaths in countries like Rwanda and Zambia through bed nets and rapid diagnostic tests.”，可知从2023到2025年，全球基金拨款41.7亿美元用于疟疾预防，通过提供蚊帐和快速诊断测试减少了卢旺达和赞比亚等国家的病例和死亡人数。因此，正确答案为B。Q3. C.【解析】细节题。根据“Historically devastating in wealthier nations, it is now largely ignored, even though it claims 1.3 million lives annually, surpassing HIV/AIDS and malaria combined.”，尽管结核病每年夺去130万人的生命，超过艾滋病和疟疾的总和，但现在却被大幅忽视。 因此，正确答案为C。Q4.B.【解析】推理题。根据“Eradicating tuberculosis is achievable with increased investment. Research shows that $6.2 billion annually could save 1 million lives each year, reducing deaths by 90% by 2030.”，可知通过增加投资，消除结核病是可以实现的。研究表明，每年投入62亿美元可以挽救100万人的生命，到2030年将死亡人数减少90%。因此，正确答案为B。Q5. A.【解析】主旨题。根据“The Global Fund must reassess its priorities to allocate more resources to tuberculosis, a preventable and curable disease that continues to kill millions.”，最后一段呼吁全球基金必须重新评估其优先事项，将更多资源分配给结核病。因此，正确答案为A。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

新闻听力 | 为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？

为什么我们的大脑喜欢清单？Why our brains love lists常速 | 四级（偏难） | 314词| 2min12s刘立军供稿Part I. QUESTIONSListen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you hear.Q1. Why does writing tasks down on a list help reduce anxiety?A. It reduces anxiety by preventing the need to rely on memory.B. It shortens the amount of time needed to complete tasks.C. It helps people avoid doing tasks they dislike.D. It encourages people to work in groups.Q2. Why are lists said to help the brain retain information better?A. Because they increase the number of tasks a person can complete.B. Because they present information in an organized form.C. Because they encourage people to think more creatively.D. Because they allow people to read information repeatedly.Q3. In the Wake Forest University experiment, what happened to the group who were not allowed to make plans?A. They struggled because the task remained in their memory.B. They performed better because they had less pressure.C. They completed the second task more efficiently.D. They forgot about the unfinished warm-up task quickly.Q4. What can be inferred about the Zeigarnik Effect from the passage?A. It makes people complete tasks faster than usual.B. It causes people to ignore tasks once they begin them.C. It increases stress because the brain prefers finished tasks.D. It keeps unfinished tasks in memory until they are resolved.Q5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Modern technology has made to-do lists unnecessary.B. People should avoid writing down tasks and rely on memory instead.C. To-do lists are an effective way to manage tasks and reduce stress.D. Only people with high productivity benefit from writing lists.Part II. TRANSCRIPTWhy our brains love listsProductivity can be a struggle for many of us. Overflowing email inboxes, housework, social obligations – it can be easy to feel overwhelmed. However, one simple tool that can help us stay on top of everything is the to-do list. Write it down, do the tasks, and cross them off – simple!There are three key reasons why lists are beneficial, according to psychologist and author David Cohen. (Q1) Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we don’t have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand. Secondly, lists provide structure and guidance, giving us a plan to follow. (Q2) As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner. And finally, lists serve as proof of what we have achieved, which can help boost our sense of accomplishment and motivation.beneficial adj. 有益的Another possible reason our brains love lists is because of something called the ‘Zeigarnik Effect’. This is the name psychologists use for when we remember things we need to do, our unfinished tasks, better than things we have already completed. Researchers from Wake Forest University tested the interference of the Zeigarnik effect on a group of people. The experiment began with a warm-up task, though it was stopped halfway through, and only some people were allowed to make plans to finish it. (Q3) The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. (Q4) The problem was the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks. So, once we tick something off our list, our brain forgets about it, and we can relax.(Q5) All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life!Part III. KEYQ1. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“Firstly, they help to drown out the chaos and anxiety that comes with having never-ending tasks. By writing everything down, we do not have to rely on our memory and can instead focus on the task at hand.” 意为：“首先，清单能够帮助屏蔽因任务无穷无尽而带来的混乱和焦虑。将所有事情写下来之后，我们就无需依赖记忆，而可以专注于手头的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q2. B.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“As well as this, our brains are more likely to retain information that is presented in a structured and organized manner.” 意为：“此外，大脑更容易记住以结构化和有条理的方式呈现的信息。”因此答案为 B。Q3. A.【解析】本题为细节题。题目出处为：“The researchers found that the group permitted to plan had reduced anxiety and performed better in the second task. The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“研究人员发现，被允许制定计划的小组焦虑减少，并在第二个任务中表现更好；而另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”因此答案为 A。Q4. D.【解析】本题为推理题。题目出处为：“The problem was, the others still had the warm-up task stuck in their active memory – an unticked list of tasks.” 意为：“问题在于，另一些人的脑子里仍惦记着热身任务——那个尚未完成仍被列在清单上的任务。”根据这句话可以推理，蔡加尼克效应使未完成的任务在我们的记忆中保持活跃状态，直到它们得到解决，因此答案为 D。Q5. C.【解析】本题为主旨题。题目出处为：“All in all, it seems lists are a valuable tool for staying on top of life.” 意为：“总而言之，清单似乎是帮助我们掌控生活的宝贵工具。”结合全文内容，清单能够减少焦虑，提供结构化的信息，提高记忆效果，减轻蔡加尼克效应带来的负担，因此答案为C。（本文图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有)

第12届教学大赛商务英语组二等奖贺静授课

授课点评：贺静老师授课效果较好，教学目标清楚、教学方法得当、教学程序井井有条。此外，贺静老师口齿清晰，语音语调比较纯正、流利；教态端庄自然，有亲和力，教学过程中与学生互动良好，体现了以学生为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。授课分两部分。第一部分介绍该单元（Empire of Wealth）的总教学安排，用了3分30秒，时间把握得比较好。另外，设计的PPT形式多样，各种图表清楚展现了教学安排。授课开始的第三分钟，PPT显示的该单元总教学目标及三篇课文的教学目标一览无遗，加上贺静老师的阐释，清晰地传递了教学目标和学习目标，这能帮助学生在课堂内外围绕主题有效学习。紧接着，贺静老师借助PPT上的流程图比较详细地介绍了授课课文In Praise of Competitive Urges的教学安排，其中的Problem-centred教学方法对学生发现、分析和解决问题有很大帮助。之后进入第二部分：比赛授课阶段。第二部分具体授课含四个阶段。进入第一阶段Warm-up时，贺静老师显得有点紧张，但很快就调整好了状态。该阶段有教师对课文理解的提问，请学生从课文中找到相关的依据回答问题，这种做法本来值得称道，因为授课不能离开课文。但是，Warm-up阶段是课前准备阶段，因此，贺静老师在Warm-up阶段讲解课文不妥，建议把重点放在教材中的Warm-up Activities上，适当设计一些附加的活动，才符合教学逻辑。此外，在总时间为20分钟且第一阶段用了3分30秒的情况下，Warm-up阶段用了5分1秒显得有点过长。之后是第二阶段Questionnaire Results，贺静老师分析解释了调查表中的信息，谈了自己对问题的看法，期间激励学生思考、回答问题，这对培养学生的独立思考能力及理解课文非常有益。Questionnaire之后进入授课第三阶段：Wealth-flaunting Motivations / Summarizing。炫富动机是课文包含的核心内容之一。因此，讨论炫富动机有助于学生理解课文。教师要求学生从PPT上（视频13'）显示的课文段落寻找答案，并要求学生做pair work找到有关的词汇。另外，通过分析课文的修辞寓意，贺静老师阐释了文章作者的真实目的。这一点做得很好。另一方面，根据该单元内容，所授的是“综合商务英语”课程。因此，贺静老师应更多围绕语言难点、篇章结构、写作风格、文法修辞等方面进行解释，让学生对课文有更深层次的理解。第四阶段Assignment在视频18'15"开始。课后作业包括questionnaire设计、调研报告写作、相关阅读作业。这样较好兼顾了综合商务英语课程语言学习和商务实践的教学特点。建议更多以教材内容教学为主，重视语言、篇章教学，在帮助学生充分理解课文的前提下掌握一些商务知识和技能；需要结合课文融入更多的思政教育内容。点评专家：翁凤翔

第12届教学大赛英语专业组特等奖胡笑然说课

说课点评：胡笑然老师在说课环节清晰地表达了对所给文章的文本理解和基于语篇主题意义探究而开展教学的基本认识。在拿到文章后的短暂时间内，该选手对语篇进行了审读，并在此基础上快速构思了90分钟的教学设计，形成了基本的教学步骤。根据教学设计，胡老师计划选择与语篇主题相关的短视频为导入，激发学生的学习兴趣；然后以解读语篇为抓手，对语篇的主题、结构、语言、文体等方面进行分析。胡老师按照学生“学后能做”为目的，确定本课的教学目标并介绍了具体的教学步骤。她在教学设计中体现了自己的教学理念和对课文的独到见解，将课文分为三个部分，对每一部分的内容和结构进行了必要的讲解。通过解析语篇的主题，确定了语篇的中心思想，之后列举了语篇的核心概念、关键名词以及相关修饰词及其功能。胡老师将教学目标设定为学生“能做”，即能够理解语篇的主题意义，能够发现篇章结构的特征，能够与话题相同但来源不同的同类文章进行对比从而激发学生的批判性思维，能够从文章的体裁、结构、修辞等方面学习、理解和掌握语篇的关键词语，以及作者对关键概念的词语修饰和语言表达。教学设计安排了学生的小组讨论，要求学生形成有具体步骤的思维导图和概念关联，并在课堂上融入思政元素，并进行必要的陈述。最后一个环节为开放性的讨论，引导学生对不同的观点进行评论。胡老师基于丰富的教学经验和对学情的分析判断，对教学目的、教学重点、教学环节以及设计缘由作了清晰的陈述，显示了其对教学语篇的基本认识和语篇教学娴熟的驾驭能力。说课目的明确，条理清晰，设计突出主题，有一定的感染力，突出学生主体，采用活动途径，倡导体验参与，重视培养学生批判性思维和论说能力，所设计的教学环节有较好的可操作性。从整体上看，胡笑然老师有较高的人文素养和自己的教学风格，语言流畅，表述准确，知识面较广，该说课达到了较高的水准。不过胡笑然老师的时间把控不佳，说课缺乏完整性，强调篇章结构和概念理解，但忽略了教学评的一致性和一体化设计。建议她在今后的教学设计中更加重视学生在语言知识、语言技能、文化内涵、思维心智、情感态度等方面的综合发展和有效评价，积极采用探究式、任务型、交互性的教学方法，加强课外作业的安排和指导，促进学生在语言能力、人文素养、科学思维等方面的同步发展。点评专家：梅德明

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