宇航员
燕山大学 刘立军 供稿
TRANSCRIPT
As more companies start selling tickets to travel into space, people are asking: Who gets to call themselves an astronaut?
It is no longer an easy question to answer. People who are very rich are able to pay to go into space.
Russian space officials have been calling them spaceflight participants for many years.
The new supervisor of the U.S. space agency NASA is Bill Nelson. He does not consider himself an astronaut although he spent six days in space in 1986. He was a congressman then.
He told The Associated Press that he believes the term "astronaut" should be for professionals.
Richard Garriott is a computer game developer. He paid a lot of money for his trip to the International Space Station in 2008 on a Russian spacecraft. He hates the term space tourist. He said in an email, "I am an astronaut." He said he trained for two years to go into space.
Axiom Space's Michael Lopez-Alegria is a former NASA astronaut. He will join three businessmen on a SpaceX spacecraft on a trip to the space station planned for January.
They each paid $55 million for the trip. Lopez-Alegria said they do not consider themselves space tourists since they will be doing research.
Recently, Axiom Space said there will be a second flight to the space station next year. Peggy Whitson will be on that flight. She is a retired NASA astronaut who has spent 665 days in space.
Whitson will bring John Shoffner. He is a businessman and race car driver from Knoxville, Tennessee. He is also paying about $55 million. Shoffner said he asked Peggy to make the training difficult for him. He said, "Make me an astronaut."
The word astronaut comes from the Greek words for star and sailor. The idea is easy to market and astronauts appear in movies and popular culture.
Jeff Bezos is the owner of the rocket company, Blue Origin. It will call future clients "astronauts." It is selling a place on its first spaceflight with people, planned for July. NASA even has a new term for this kind of trip: PAM for Private Astronaut Mission.
Many individuals want to work as astronauts. More than 12,000 people applied to join NASA's upcoming class. Only about 12 will be chosen in December.
But many passengers are expected to travel into space soon. There will be Russian actress and movie director, Yulia Peresild, who will fly to the space station in October. And Japanese businessman, Yusaku Maezawa, will go in December with an assistant to document everything. In each case, there will be a professional astronaut supervising things. But, Blue Origin and SpaceX's spacecraft do not need pilots.
Asif Siddiqi is a history professor at Fordham University and the writer of several space books. He said it might be necessary to retire the term once hundreds if not thousands of people reach space. He questioned, "Are we going to call each and every one of them astronauts?"
Mike Mullane is a retired NASA astronaut. He suggests using astronaut first class, second class, third class. He said this could depend on the person's involvement.
However, Mullane noted, "astronaut is not a copyrighted word. So anybody who wants to call themselves an astronaut can call themselves an astronaut, whether they've been in space or not."
I'm Jill Robbins.
VOCABULARY
1. supervisor n. a person who supervises sb. / sth. 监督人；指导者；主管人。
例如：I have a meeting with my supervisor about my research topic. 我要就我的研究课题同导师见一次面。
2. congressman n. a member of Congress in the US, especially the House of Representatives （尤指美国众议院的）国会议员
3. professional n. a person who does a sport or other activity as a paid job rather than as a hobby 职业运动员；（从事某活动的）专业人员。
例如：a top golf professional 顶级高尔夫球职业选手
4. document v. to record the details of sth. 记录，记载（详情）。例如：Causes of the disease have been well documented. 这种疾病的起因已有完备的记载。
5. pilot n. a person who operates the controls of an aircraft, especially as a job 飞行员；（飞行器）驾驶员。
例如：an airline pilot 民航飞机飞行员
6. copyright v. to get the copyright for sth. 获得……的版权
QUESTIONS
Read the statements. Then listen to the news and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. People who are very rich are able to pay to go into space.
2. Russian space officials have been calling them spaceflight participants for many years.
3. Bill Nelson believes the term "astronaut" should be for professionals.
4. Richard Garriott paid a lot of money for his trip to the International Space Station in 2018 on a Russian spacecraft.
5. Michael Lopez-Alegria is a former NASA astronaut.
6. Peggy Whitson is a retired NASA astronaut who has spent 665 days in space.
7. John Shoffner is a sportsman and race car driver from Knoxville, Tennessee.
8. The word astronaut comes from the Latin words for star and sailor.
9. Jeff Bezos is the owner of the rocket company, Blue Origin.
10. Yulia Peresild will fly to the space station in December.
11. Yusaku Maezawa will go in December with a scientist to document everything.
12. Mike Mullane suggests using astronaut first class, second class, third class.
KEY
Read the statements. Then listen to the news and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
(T) 1. People who are very rich are able to pay to go into space.
(T) 2. Russian space officials have been calling them spaceflight participants for many years.
(T) 3. Bill Nelson believes the term "astronaut" should be for professionals.
(F) 4. Richard Garriott paid a lot of money for his trip to the International Space Station in 2018 on a Russian spacecraft. （正确表达）Richard Garriott paid a lot of money for his trip to the International Space Station in 2008 on a Russian spacecraft.
(T) 5. Michael Lopez-Alegria is a former NASA astronaut.
(T) 6. Peggy Whitson is a retired NASA astronaut who has spent 665 days in space.
(F) 7. John Shoffner is a sportsman and race car driver from Knoxville, Tennessee. （正确表达）John Shoffner is a businessman and race car driver from Knoxville, Tennessee.
(F) 8. The word astronaut comes from the Latin words for star and sailor. （正确表达）The word astronaut comes from the Greek words for star and sailor.
(T) 9. Jeff Bezos is the owner of the rocket company, Blue Origin.
(F) 10. Yulia Peresild will fly to the space station in December. （正确表达） Yulia Peresild will fly to the space station in October.
(F) 11. Yusaku Maezawa will go in December with a scientist to document everything.（正确表达）Yusaku Maezawa will go in December with an assistant to document everything.
(T) 12. Mike Mullane suggests using astronaut first class, second class, third class.
（封面图片来源于摄图网，版权归摄图网所有）